AD Introduction to Main Characters in the ‘Text e v = 4 \ donk e by ee TAR Ding Libs AKA MG Dawei 438 Lin Na ‘A Canadian student, ‘An American student, A British student, ‘aged 21, male. aged 22, male. aged 19, female. Gubo is his father, Ding Yun is his mother. SRR Song Hud £4& Wang xidoyun He e-F LU Yoping A Chinese student, ‘A Chinese student, A Chinese reporter, aged 20, male. aged 20, female. aged 26, male \e , ae Gy A oN 2598 Chen losht §KAAL Zhang jitoshou 42% Yang Woshi A Chinese teacher, ‘A Chinese professor, A Chinese teacher, aged 30, female. aged 48, male aged 32, male.This lesson begins by introducing some sounds uni 1) 10 the Chinese language, including tones. The Chinese writ- |i ing system dates back more than four thousand years, and it ‘| is expecially intriguing to see how Chinese cherecters devele ‘oped since their basically pictographic origins in ancient 1 China. By the end of the lesson, you will know eleven Chi- “nese characters and be able to express. some everyday greet- if ings in Chinese. J LU Yuping: Libé, ni héo.® BOF: Aik we Libo. Ni héo, Li Yuiping AK: tie 35, BB.big Words ni rR 2. nado A aF 3, LU Yoping PN Bea 4, Ubd pn Aa © Libs: Lin Na, nf héo ma? ® Aik: FRM, te AP Lin Na: WS hén hao, nine? © dR, RAR, HERP Libs, YE hén hio.® Aik: Ww AR Ho you good; well; fine; OK. (name of a Chinese reporter) (name of a Canadian student) [PR] GreetingsAB ig] New Wous ima rr we (interrogative particle for question expecting ‘yes-no answer) 2. WO Pr x I; me 3. hén Adv 4K very 4.ne MdPt (@ modal particle used for elliptical questions) 5. yé Adv AL 005 also 6. Lin Na PN AKI — (name of a British student) @® Ni héo. “Hello!”, “How do you do?” This is the most common form of greeting in Chinese. It can be used at any time of day when meeting people for the first time or for people you already know. The response to this greeting form is also “#s#E"(“NI ho"). @ Ni ho mar “How are you?” This is also a form of greeting, often used after you have not seen someone for some time, and the response is usually “#447” (“WS hén héo") or other similar formulae @® Ni ne? “And (how are) you?” @® Yé hén hoo. “(. am) fine (literally, very good), too.” ‘This is an elliptical sentence, with the subject “#%”(WO) omitted. In spoken Chinese, when the context is explicit and there is no ambiguity, the subject is ofien omitted. One may also say “AREF"(“HEN ho”) to answer the question “HRlEI? "(NI héo ma? ”). wey enue FO Initials: bp mn | oh WE Finls:s GQ 0 e€ ij ui a co en ie in ing uo 1) Students are required to master the characters of the purple new words in this lesson.ba bo bi bu bin bing pa po pi po pin ping ma mo mi ma ne n@o nie le lao lié luo he hao huo a a a ni ni ni ni hdo hao héo hao ni hao. t I fi fi bo b6 bd bo Libo fin lin lin lin na na na na Lin Na la I 1a ta ya yd yi yo ping ping Lu Yuping wo wo wo hen hén hen wo hén hao ye yé yé yé yé hén hao 3. BEE Sound discrimination ba — pa nd — ni wi — hi (eight) (female) (Give) (tiger) bing — bin pié — bid hud — wo fice) (left-falling strokes) (fire) oO 4, 3H Tone discrimination ma —— ma mu — mii yo —yi (horse) (mom) (wood ) (one) yé — ye ho —w. mén — men (also) (night) (strength) (in) (doer) ~6-5, =}248i4 Third-tone sandhi ni hao hén hdo =—-yé hdo-—-yé hén hao a BABE FAIURALFHIG Read the following classroom expressions aloud Ni hdo. Nimen hao. KEY SENTENCES 1. Ni héo. 2. Ni héo ma? 3. W6 hén héo, ni ne? 4. Yé hén hao. {—) [4732 "F Saying hello) 1. 52H F 52318 Complete the following dialogue Lin Na: Libo, nf hao! Libo; 2. FZ I% Make a dialogue based on the picture (1) A: (2) A:( [a4 Creetings] 1. 5¢M FIZZ Complete the following dialogue Ma Li; NI hdo ma? Lo Yi; —_______, —— 2 M@ Li; WO yé hén hao. 2. HARI Situational dialogue You run into a Chinese friend whom you haven't seen for a long time, What will you say to him/her? OF Listen and repeat MIF? PURSE, HRY? RLS Sree t=1 ee 1. FARA Initials and finals ‘A syllable in the common speech of modern Chinese ususlly consists of an initial, which is a consonant that begins the syllable, and a final, which constitutes the rest of the syllable. For example, in the syllable “ping”, “p” is the initial and “ing” is the final. A syllable ‘ean stand without an initial, such as “yé”, but all syllables must have a final, In the com- mon speech of modern Chinese, there are altogether 21 initials and 38 finals. 2. RBS Pronunciation key Initi m, 1, |, hare pronounced similarly to their counterparts in the English language. b like “p” in “speak” (unaspirated, voiceless) P like “p” in “park” (aspirated, voiceless) Note: Particular attention should be paid to the pronunciation of the aspirated and unaspirated consonants; b-p. Finals; € like “e” in “her” ie like “ye” in “yes” -ng (final) a nasalised sound like the “ng” in “bang” without pronouncing the “g} Note: The pronunciation of the “e” in a compound final is different from that of the simple final “e”.3. F#VH Tones Chinese is @ tonal language in which the tones convey differences in meaning. Aba) 4&(bG) (ba) (ba) In common speech there are four basic tones, represented respectively by the following come marks; “~" for the first tone, “ for the second tone, “" for the third tone, and «S* for the fourth tone. When a syllable contains only a single vowel, the tone mark is placed directly above “Se vowel letter as in “IX” and “hin”. The dot over the vowel “i” should be dropped if %e tone mark is placed above it, as in “ni”, “nin” and “ping”. When the final of the sllable is composed of two or more vowels, the tone mark should be placed above the awel pronounced with the mouth widest open (e.g. ho). The openness of the mouth for the vowels, from widest to smallest is as follows; Qoeiu. +. S)838i4 Third-tone sandhi A third tone, when immediately followed by another third tone, should be pronounced = the second tone, but with the tone mark “~” remaining unchanged. For example; nl hdo == ni hao WO hén hdo. — Wé hén hdo. hén h@io + hén hoo Yé hin hao. — Yé hén héo. 7 SFERM Spelling rules At the beginning of u syllable, “i" is writen as “y” (eg. © — ye). “V" is written ss “yi” when it forms a syllable all by itself (e.g. 7 > yD. At the beginning of a syllable, “U” is written as “W” (eg. UO —> WO). “U” is written + "WU" when it forms a syllable all by itself (e.g. G > wii). When “L” is at the beginning of a syllable or forms a syllable by itself, a “y” is added it and the two dots over it are omitted (eg. & — yti). -9-QUANSAFF Word order in Chinese sentences ‘The main characteristic of Chinese grammar is that it lacks of morphological changes in person, tense, gender, number, and case in the strict sense. The word order, however, is very important to convey different grammatical meanings. The subject of a sentence is usually placed before the predicate. For example: Subject Predicate i t. | Ni ho Chinese characters originated from pictures. The history of their formation is very long, dating back to remote antiquity. Present-day Chinese characters, which evolved from ancient Chinese characters, are square-shaped. Here are some examples illustrating their long evolu- tion: Picture Oracle Bone | Small Seal Official Complex | Simplified Inscription | Character Script Char Char | im Regular | in Regular Script Seript SABES | ~10-1. FRM Basic strokes of Chinese characters Chinese characters are written by combining various kinds of “strokes”. ‘These strokes can be divided into “basic” strokes and “combined” strokes. Basic strokes of Chinese characters Example | Way to Write ‘The dot is written from top to bottom-right, as in the first stroke of “f]”. — >| héng —— | The horizontal stroke is written from left to right. . stroke is written from top downward to Pd jp me bottom, as in the second stroke of “ . Dv) pe A! ‘The downward-left stroke is written from top to | ° bottomleft, aa in the second stroke of “i. CP oT ‘The downwardright stroke is written fmm top to ESN] A petom- ight, as in the second stroke of “/\”. i | x |The upward stroke is written from bottomdlett to | | top-right, as in the fourth stroke of “42”, 2. WEBAMF Leam and write basic Chinese characters ay _ queso yi one 1 stroke @a~n Pm ba ‘eight 2 strokes aA Wa" fi ‘strength 2 strokes x cy T1(F4) “Tn Be He mén door 3 strokes art (5) ant ye too; also 3 strokes -u-© 4 (8) 7H ma horse 3 strokes Note: “3” is written as “3” om the left side of a character. me Lak 4 nd female 3 strokes Note: “4c” is written as “4 " on the left side of a character. @ & TAR wit five 4 strokes wk -ttk t mo wood 4 strokes “Note: “AL” is written as “4” on the left side of a character. coy K VER ie hud fire 4 strokes Note: “XK” is written as “~~” at the bottom of a character. 3. (ASHI Leam and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts a lin BO No The Chinese Language (Hanyu) and “Common Speech” (Putonghua) Scholars think Chinese writing originated almost four thousand years ago and that the spoken language goes back to remote antiquity, making it one of the world’s oldest languages. Tn spite of its great age, Chinese is now one of the most widely used living languages. ‘The language is spoken in many dialects within China, as well as in many overseas Chinese com- munities, especially in Southeast Asia, Europe, and the Americas. And there are more than a billion native speakers of Chinese worldwide. It is one of the languages the United Nations uses when conducting official business. 12Chinese belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language family. Hanyu, literally “language “uf the Han”, refers to the standard Chinese language, and is spoken by the Han, Hui, Manchu, and other ethnic groups that constitute 94% of the population of China. ‘There are fifty-six recognized ethnic groups in China, using as many as eighty different languages. Chinese includes variants from seven main dialect groups. ‘The northem or Mandarin di- alect covers three fourths of China’s territory and includes two thirds of its population. Stan- dard Chinese is also known by its official designation, Pulonghua, literally “common speech”. Putonghua is based on the northern dialect,using the dialect of Beijing as the basis for its Pronunciation and modern vernacular literature for its grammatical structure. This is the Chi- nese that is taught in this textbook. ~13-Have you ever wanted to say hello in j |) Chinese to your friends? By the end of this | || lesson, you will be able to greet others and 1 |) express your needs. J af GG 1® Lesson 2°) Ni mang ma mE bra aren © C UIRRLAL Greetings > Lin Na; LU Yuping, ni ho mare aR OMB: AF, Ue 3? Lu Yuiping: Wo hén héo. Ni baba, mama hdo ma? © BOF: & RH hh ES. WH H 4? Lin Na; Tamen dou hén héo.® Ni mang ma? aR: qin 4 AR RE? Lo Yuping: Wo bu méng. Ni ndn péngyou ne? BOF: A A HB MR RP? Lin Na; Ta hén mang. aR Hh: #e Wk ee -14-AE ig] Nem Wonts 1. mang A *2.ma Pt 3. baba N 4.mama =N 5.tamen Pr ta Pr men Suf 6. dou Adv 7. bu Ady 8. nén A 9. péngyou N #10. ne MdPt Ding Libo; T Aik: Gege: a4: Didi: Bae Ding Libo; T Ak: e “ bE Fy AeA te a ae % & BA ve busy (a particle used for questions expecting 2 yes-no answer) dad mom they them he; him (used after pronouns 7%, #f, fl or certain nouns to denote plural) both; all not no male friend (a modal particle used for elliptical questions) Gége, ni yao kafai ma? © es FF, te KH vorie wy? WO yao kafei KR B srk, Wo yé yao kafei. © Aw & re, Hao, wémen dou hé kaféei. © a3, 8 as oir, £1) Words marked by en asterisk have appeared in previous lessons. ~15-EE ig] Sew Wor 1. gége N FF elder brother 2. yao v & to want 3. Kofi = NDE coffee 4. didi N cd younger brother s.women Pro AUT wes us 6. hé v % to drink 7. Ding py (a sumame) fe Nees @® Ni baba, mama héio ma? “How are your mom and dad?” ni baba your dad, nf mama —— your mom, ni n6n péngyou — your boyfriend. @ Tamen dou hén héo. “They are both fine (literally, very good).” ® NI yao kaféi ma? “Do you want coffee? ” “E052 "(ANT yoo -- maz”) is a sentence pattern commonly used when asking what others want, whereas “FBE--"(“WO yo =") is used to express what “I want”. @ Wo yé yao kafai. “I want coffee, too.” ® Women dou he katei. “We all drink coffee.” Pees) Pronunciation Drills FH Initilsd t g kf #4} Finals: ei ou an ang eng ido iou(-iu) 1. SHH Spelling dé dou dan dang t6 tou tan tang gé gou gan gang ké kou kan kang -16-bai ban béng _bido péi pan péng pido fei fan feng dia hei han héng nid 2. DUF¥ The four tones ta ta ta men mén men wo wo wo ni ni nt ni nan nén nan nan péng péng pong péng you you you you ba bu bt bu mang = mang ge gé gé ge di di di di he he ne ka ka fei féi 18i fai 3. BEB Sound discrimination da — ta ké — gé (big) (may) dou —— dud gen — géng (all) (many) (to follow) 4, $84 Tone discrimination dao — dao. tiv — tu (knife) (soil) ni —ni fie. — lit (Buddhist nun) (six) tamen women nimen nén péngyou bu mang gége didi hé kaféi k6u = ——~ géu (mouth ) (dog) ding — ting (nail) (to listen) you —— ydu (again) (to have) kan ~ kan, (to see) -17-5. $378 Neutral tone baba mama gége didi nimen women tamen hao ma? Ni ne? Ni-ndn péngyou ney 6. SEAWRELE Practice on disyllabic words yinliGo (arinks) yeye (grandpa) KBle (coke) méimei (younger sister) héinb&o (hamburger) fayin (pronunciation) pinggud (apple) heibGn (blackboard) 7. BARE TAIRA Read the following classroom expressions aloud Ting w6 fayin. (Listen to my pronunciation.) Kan héiban. (Look at the blackboard.) - Tamen dou hén héo. . NI mang ma? WO bi méng. }. Ni yao kaféi ma? Wé yao katéi. (—) [4851.4 Greetings) cM F ZH Complete the following dialogues (1) A: Da Lin, ni mang ma? B: Ni ne? Ar (2) A: NI béba mama héo maz B: . NI gége ne? A: -18—(3) A: Ni didi héo ma? Bro None? A: (=) [##32 Asking what someone wants) 1. 5€MQ FAI Complete the following dialogues (1) A: Nin yao kaféi maz : W6 yao kaféi. @ : Ni ne? A Cc; (2) A: Ni yao _____s maz B A, Ni nev Cc 2. HZiG Make a dialogue based on the picture () A: (2) A: =) Ofi# Listen and repeat KEE BD AED? BEA AR ARSE 0 ~19-f. iS Phone 1. $878 Neutral tone In the common speech of modern Chinese, there are a number of syllables which are unstressed and are pronounced in a “weak” tone. This is known as the neutral tone and is indicated by the absence of a tone mark. For example: 4 ma we ne 41) men 2. RBH Pronunciation key Initials: fis pronounced similarly to its counterpart in the English language like “t” in “stay” (unaspirated) t Tike “e” in “tag” (aspirated) Q a soft unaspirated “k” sound k like “k” in “kangaroo” (aspirated) Note: Particular attention should be paid to the pronunciation of the aspirated and unaspirated consonants; d-t, g-k. Finals: €i like “ay” in “play” (light) ou like “o” in “so” an like “an” in “can” (without stressing the “n”) 3. BFGMM Spelling rules ‘The compound final “iou” is written as “iu” tone mark is placed on “u”. For example: lid (six). 1. BSAA Sentences with an adjectival predicate when it comes after an initial and the Predicate BF 0 hao. w® it. hén mang. A te _ bu mana. 46H ® ® Tamen dou hén hao.Adjectives in Chinese can function directly as predicates. This kind of sentence is called a sentence with an adjectival predicate. Adjectives in this kind of sentence ean be modified by adverbs such as “fi”, “ti”, and “#$”. The negative form of sentences witl adjectival predicate is generated by placing the negative adverb “AS” before the adjective that functions as the predicate. For example: “#8764”. Note: Adverbs such as “#R", “tlh”, and “®B” must be placed before the adjective they modify. an 2. FAW” RUJBAEIIt] “Yes-no” question with “Ki” A declarative sentence can be changed into a “yes-no” question by adding the question particle “i” at the end of it. Statement Question ae | USE. Pps? Ni héo. —> Ni hie maz MEE WG TBE, ALE ey h HB y 2 [Ta baba mama dou hito. Ta baba mama dou hao ma? __ Shit. etn? Ta mang Ta mang ma? ONE PRE omen 2 Ni yao kafai. NI yao kaféi ma? 1. USHAWF Loam and write basic Chinese characters wT ~T ding nail 2 strokes @ 7 Wi dao knife 2 strokes Note: “77” is written as “J” on the right side of a character. a) & IX you again 2 strokes Note: “2.” was originally a pictograph of “the right hand”. az “FK da big 3 strokes6) 2 ,.re kou mouth 3 strokes ot -~t# A ta earth 3 strokes i i Note; “+” is written as “3 ” on the left side of a character. i i Or PK cet iu six 4 strokes a’ (3) TTR “AR bu no, not 4 strokes < 9) 7"? PPK ni Buddhist nun 5 strokes io) > Tee a ké can, may 5 strokes 2. WSC PHM Leam and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts: (1) ™%} ma () Bwooe+g (“2” denotes the meaning of speaking, “#” denotes the pronunciation) (2) % ne Roa + kh (“w2” denotes the meaning of speaking, “/2,” denotes the pronunciation) (3) 4344 mama (454%) Brx+G (“4 " denotes the meaning of woman, “5” denotes the pronunciation) (4) FF gége FO THTpgieiipal i Chinese Characters and Simplified Script The Chinese script is the only logographie writing system still in daily use in the world today. Unlike the alphabetic systems used by most languages, Chinese seript is made up of characters, the majority of which are “pictophonetie”. Most consist of one component indicat- ing the sound of the character, the phonetic, combined with one semantic component, the signific or radical, which shows the category of meaning to which the character belongs. Chinese characters represent monosyllables, and generally cach character represents a single morpheme, The total number of Chinese characters is estimated at over fifty thousand, of which only five to eight thousand are frequently used, while three thousand are normally adequate for everyday situations, A considerable number of Chinese characters are composed of numerous strokes and are therefore complicated to write. With @ view to facilitating writing, modern scholars have made continuous attempts to simplify the writing system. The object of these language reforms has been twofold: to reduce the numher of characters by eliminating complex variants, and to re- duce the number of strokes in certain characters. What are known as “simplified characters” refer to graphs that have been thus altered; traditional characters, on the other hand, are those that retain their earlier forms, The use of simplified characters is now official policy in the People’s Republic of China, while waditional characters are restricted mainly to academic use or aesthetic purposes. Sim- plified characters have the advantages of being easier to leam, memorize, read and write. Here are two examples; #4 mother (simplified) + mother (tradi TT door (simplified) FY door (traditional ) Simplified characters are used in this textbook, but tradi for the convenience of the reader. wal characters are also supplied -23-1 Now, would you like use Chinese to learn more ' _ about the people you meet? This lesson will show you how | [0k pees ccna and mao, a wll | introduce friends, family and others. In addition, we will | rreate compound words from basic words. Ta shi nd gud rén dh Je DS XK ava er Gege: —_Libd, na shi shéi? Taw] esanine HH, AL aR? Ding Libs; N& shi wémen léoshi, oe ee 2 er Gége: Ta shi nd gud rén? © +H BEM RAD S&S Ding Lib6:; Ta shi Zhonggué rén. ® Women Idoshi dou shi Zhonggué rén. T wR: ee PR A, RM 2 HR PR OAS %FE i] Nev Worts ta shi nd gud én na shéi lGoshT dou SPAN Awa YN = * 10. Zhnggud Ding Libo. T Atk: Chén Idoshi; BI: Ding Libo: TO AR: Chén ldoshi; Be IP: Péngyou: WA: Chén ldoshr; BBN: Ding Libo: TO Aik: Chén IdoshT: KB BIR: Pr ee she; her Vv w& to be QPr OR which N 8 country, nation N A people, person Pr ap ‘that 4 whos whom N AVG teacher Ady Af both; all PN Pw China Chén ldoshi, nin hdo! © Zhé shi wo gege,® ta shi waiyi mo AW, aL RR RG, OR oe lGoshi. EM Ni hao. th 3G, Zhé shi w5 péngyou. . AR MA, \. Ni hdo! NI yé shi léoshi maz Hi 351 Me LR EH BP Nin hGo! Wé bit shi léosht, w6 shi yisheng, & WL RARE, RA BA, Lib6, zhé shi ni ndinai may TBE, KR Ak yy BP BU shi, ta shi wo waipd. © AR, WR AR SME, Waipo, nin héot abe, FYAE iy New Words 1 nin Pr 4 you (polite form) 2. Zhe Po OK this #3. td Pro shes her 4. waiyt N SME foreign language *5. ni PO you 6. yisheng N Be doctor; physician 7. néinai N sky grandmother on the father’s side 8. waipd N SpE grandmother on the mother’s side 9. Chén PN OR (@ sumame) AO! @ Ta shi n& gué rénz “What's her nationality? ” ‘There are two Chinese characters for the third person singular “t for a male; the other “Ji”, refers to a female. one is “fh”, used @® Ta shi Zhongguo rén. “She is a Chinese.” To indicate the nationality of an individual, the character “A\"(rén) is usually placed after the name of his/her country of origin. For example: *p Bl (Zhonggus)—"# A (Zhongguo rén) ® Chén lGoshi, nin hao! In China, @ person's position or occupation, such as the director of a factory, manager, section head, engineer, movie director, or teacher, is frequently used as a title to address him/her in preference to such expressions as Mr. or Miss. Sumames always precede the ti- tles. It is considered impolite for a student to address a teacher directly by his/her personal name. “Sumame + teacher” is the most proper form of address frequently used for a teach- 4» “Chén Woshi( sii)”. iin(#45)” is the polite form of “fk”, commonly used to refer to an elderly or a senior person during a conversation or to a person of the same generation when speaking on a for- mal occasion. People in Beijing are quite fond of using this form of address. = 26-@ Zhe shi wo gege. “This is my elder brother.” When introducing someone to a person, we often use the sentence pattern “jx JE--" (*2he shi---"), “2"(shi) is Pronounced as a weak syllable. ® Lbo, zhé shi nf ndinai ma? — Ba shi, t@ shi w5 waips, ‘The Chinese language uses many words for referring to individuals in a family so that their specific relationship to other members of the family is made clear. Different words are used depending on whether 2 relative is on the mother’s or wife's side or on the father’s or husband’s side. Some examples are “yéye” and “ndinai” used by a child to address the parents of his/her father, differentiated from “wéigong” and “woipé” used w address his/ her mother’s parents. FSEE Initials: zh ch sh or WE Finals: -i[y] ai uai_ ong 1. BFF Spelling zha cha sha zhi chi shi a zhe che shé réng zhai chai shai rang zhou chou shou zhuo chuo shud zhuai chuai shudi zhong chéng 2. DO The four tones cha cha cha cha ra ru ru 2hé zhé zhé zhe shi shi shi shi zhé shi ~21-lao, Ido lao. lao lGoshi chén chén chén chen Chén Iéoshi wai wai wai yu yo ya yu waiyt yi yl yi yl sheng shéng shéng — sheng yisheng zhong zhong — zhong guo gud gud gud Zhonggus rén rén ren Zhonggué rén 3. $F Sound discrimination zhong —— chong shéng —— shang fi —reé (middle) (to be born) (sun) (hot) br = — pi déng tong rou —— rud (dagger) (to understand) (meat) 4. $#¥4 Tone discrimination shi —— shi zhé =—— zhe rén. —— rén (ten) (arrow) (person; thing) (this) (person) pai — pai chéng —— cheng — zhudi — zhuai (city) 5. 4#=)§ Half third tone lGoshi ndinai women nimen wo gége w6 péngyou w6 néinai ni waipo ni baba n&@ gud rén hdo ma ni mang hén mang ni yao wo yao yé yao kéle 6. FAVA Combination of tones myer mya conga eyese wong omen karei Zhonggud heibin shéngdido amen (one) as ~28- here represents the neutral tone.yishéng he cha shénti chifan zhidao (lo drink tea) (body) (to eat a meal) (to know) ae nyen atm yeen wong wongsccm tusho changchang niGndi idl péngyou (books) (often) (wk) (fluent) chénggong _yinhang pinggud —_chiddo yeye (success) (bank) (apple) (ete) 7. SUF PHB Practice on disyllabic words gOngren (worker) shdngren (merchant) lshi (lawyer) ganbu (cadre) changzhaing (factory nongmin (peasant) Yingguo (England, UK) Dégud (Germany) Méigué (America) Fagu6 (France) Egu6 (Russia) Ribén (Japan) manager) 8. BARE TURING Read the following classroom expressions aloud DG kai shu. Gén wo nian. Nimen nian. Déng bu dong? Ding le. Bu dong. (Open the book.) (Read after me.) (Read out.) (Do you understand? ) (Yes, Uwe understand.) (No, V/we don't understand.) . TA Ta KEY SENTENCES Na s Na shi women Idoshi. shi n& gu6 rén? shi Zhonggué én. . Zh shi wd péngyou. NI y& shi lGoshi ma? . W6 bu shi ldoshi, hei? Wo shi yishéng. ~29-(—) LAHSA Identifying people] Fl41G Make a dialogue based on the picture (1) A: N& shi shéiz B: Na shi (2) A: T@ shi shéi? B; Ta shi (=) [EM Asking someone’s nationality] 1. 5EAUE 321% Complete the following dialogues (1) A: Nin shi n& gud rén7 B: A: TG ne? Bp (2) A: Nin shi Yinggué rén maz B; Bu shi, . Nin shi n&@ gud rénz A:2. HILi® Make a dialogue based on the picture A; Ta shi n@ guo rény =) [4t# Introducing people] 1. 52 FAIZ Complete the following dialogues (1) Az Zh@ shi Lin yishéng. Zhe shi Chén ldoshi. Be C: Nin h&o, Lin yishéng. (2) A: Zhé shi . Zhe shi B: Cc: 2. {#52218 Situational dialogue Introduce your teacher and classmates. 9) OF Listen and repeat PREY MARAM WEP HA, KRAMA WARE KA, —31-pay aoe =538V4 Third-tone sandhi A third tone, when followed by a first, second or fourth tone, or most neutral tone syllables, usually becomes a half third tone, that is, a tone that only falls but does not rise. ‘The tone mark is unchanged. For example: ni gége w6 yao ni mang maz 2. “78” HYSE Tone sandhi of “7K” “JR” is a fourth tone syllable by itself. But it becomes a second tone when followed by a fourth tone. For example: bu he bu mang bu hdéo ba shi bu yao 3. RBZ Pronunciation key Initials: 2h ike “j” in “jerk”, but with the tip of the tongue curled farther back, unaspirated. ch like “ch” in “church”, but with the tip of the tongue curled farther back, aspirated sh like “sh ” » but with the tip of the tongue curled farther back. r as in “right” in English, but with lips unrounded, and the tip of the tongue curled farther back. Always pronounce the Chinese /+/ sound with a nice smile! @ Finals: gi like “y” in “sky” (light) it Si fu" in “zhiv, “chi", “shi” and “ti” is pronounced differently from the simple final “i fiJ". After pronouncing the initials “2h”, “ch”, “sh” and “r”, the tongue does not move. Care must be taken not to pronounce the simple final “i {iJ”, which is never found after “zi “ch”, “sh” or “r”. WV. RF ( mo 1. LGBAWF Leam and write basic Chinese characters MA TA h rén people, person 2 strokes Note; On the left side of a character, “A” is written as “ -32-_ My wl or ot ron «WW at 7b f f br dagger 2 strokes ao P \ cep 4 a zhong = middle 4 strokes i ) A 1nHa Qo a sun 4 strokes @ A(R) I OHM €9 ® bei shell 4 strokes OB T= FER yi jade 5 strokes Note: On the left side of a character, “4.” is written as “3”. @ & CP BER shi arrow 5 strokes (9) 7 re shéng to be bom; suffix denoting person 5 strokes 0) FAS PRRE (H+0) zh person; thing 8 strokes 2. LUSH FEMME Leam and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts (1) #® ta teak to (The “female” side, “4 ”, denotes something related to a woman.) -33-(2) %& ta te > 4 + (The “standing person” side, “4”, denotes something related to a person.) (3) #1 men (41) > 440 (The meaning side is “4”, and the phonetic side is “1".) (4) nt wot +k OR: 7 ep ie ax 5 strokes) (The “standing person” side “4” denotes something related to a person.) B Gyaverduo) (the “right-ear” side) IF 2 strokes Al (azipang) (the “that” side) 194A 4 strokes. (5) aR nd aB +A +f (6) ® n& ma + a (The meaning side is “7”, and the phonetic side is “#8".) (7) BR nd dH > k + AR (The meaning side is “k , and the phonetic side is “#!”.) (8) aR dou aS > + # (l8ozit6u) (the “old” top) 7 + +2 4 strokes. ~ Ginzir) (the “towel” character) 1 1 P 3 strokes: } (hizipéngy (the “teacher” sidey ! J 2 strokes -ue(9) 29 Woshi (4 te) fh BORE * fa Woy ++ p 1 couezikuangy The “country” frame, “1”, denotes the boundaty of @ country.) 1nga 3 strokes (10) *P BE] ZhOnggud (+P El) H-O+h EE (yatkuang) (the “doctor” frame) ~ 2 strokes (11) EB yishéng (4) BoC + k (EA: 7 7 FERRER 7 strokes) FE (pizidi) (the “foot” bottom) —— -r -F 7 7€. 5 strokes. (12) & shi ROA +e OZ Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet Chinese differs from alphabetic languages in that its written form is not directly related tw its pronunciation. In order to provide phonetic notation for Chinese characters and to fa- cilitate the consultation of dictionaries, phonologists drafted the “Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet", and in 1958 the Chinese government passed an act to promote the ap- plication of this scheme, commonly knows as the pinyin (“arranged sounds”) system. Pinyin adopts the Latin alphabet to transcribe Chinese sounds, and four diaeritical tone marks to indicate the different tones of Chinese characters. Pinyin is now widely used for the study of Chinese language, and has aided the popularization of standard Chinese (Pusonghua). ‘The use of pinyin in the study of Chinese provides many practical advantages for learning the language. -35-Tn this lesson, you will learn how to ask someone's ' name politely, how w intuduce yourself, and how to ask { for permission, ‘The pronunciations of the Chinese initials fntreduced in this lesson are different than similar- sounding initials found in English, and so may seem ‘unfamiliar to you. Don't be discouraged, however, for with ly practice you will eurely be able to master th hén gaoxing WIR W&M © Ww i GRAF) Asking fo} Laosti; Kéyi jinlai ma? © 5,_ermasion zy AEM: TVA BEAR OH? = Lin Na: Qing jin! ® Yang dosti, nin hao. Zhé shi wS péngyou, Ke: iE! OH BW, BO KR RR MA, ta shi jizhé. Wek 4, Ldoshi; Qingwen, nin guixing? ® : 4): Hl, BR? = ~36- [ele %) Asking % a)La Yuping: Wo xing Li, jido La Yuping. ® mae: RR OB, OF, Laoshi; Ni héo, Lu xiansheng, rénshi ni hén gaoxing. © AEN s ae, BAB, DR MAR HR La Yuping: Yéng ldoshi, rénshi nin, wS y& hén gaoxing. BOF: HW BN, UR BR wR BX. ££ i] New Worss 1. rénshi vo UR 2. gdoxing A ax 3. kéyt Opy Prd 4, jinlai vo #R jin v a Iai vo 5. qing v * *6. nin Pr Ke =7.péngyou N FRA 8. jizhé N RA 9. gingwen v wr wen v A 10. guixing bm HH xing VN 4h 11. jiGo v »y 12.xiansheng NSE 13. Yang PN © Lin Na; aK Mp: ty know (somebody) happy; pleased may to come in to enter to come please you (polite form) friend reporter May I ask...? to ask what's your honorable surname? ‘one’s surname is:--/surname to be called Mr. (a surname) A Introducing onesel Wé shi Yuyan Xuéyudn de xuésheng. ® Wo xing Lin, RA BS a FAS A 4 AK, jiao Lin Na. We shi Yinggud rén. NI xing shénme? ® ae a A _37-M& Dawéi; W6 xing Ma, jido Ma Dawéi. BRA: Lin Na; & #3, w KAL NI shi Jianada rén maz aK OM: te RGR AH? M&@ Dawéi: WO bu shi JiGndda rén, wd shi M&igud rén, yé shi KA: RRR WHEKA, RR KB A, HR Yiyan Xuéyudn de xuésheng. Wd xuéxi Hanyt. Be FR AE ig New Words 1. yuyan N 3 2xuéyuan NO FR 3. de Pt Co] 4. xuésheng oN ee 5. shénme gr tA 6. xuéxi voy 7. Hanytt N Bae 8. Yinggud rN RB © Ma Dawéi PN HAR 10, Jianadd PN AER 11. M@igué. ry XH ® Kéyf jinlai maz “May [ come in? ” @ Qing jin! “Come in, please! ” Fe H BY MR. Janguage institutes college (a possessive or modifying particle) student what to leam; to study Chinese (language) Great Britain; England (mame of an American student) Canada the United States; America “Qing i)" is an expression used for making polite requests. —38~® Qingwén, nin guixing? “May I ask what is your (honorable) surname? ” This is a polite way of asking someone’s surname. In China, when meeting someone for the first time, it is considered more polite to ask his/her surname rather than his/her full name. Notice that “gui(4it)” ean only be used in combination with “ni(#s)” or “nin()", and not with “wO(@%)” or “ta (fH/ith)”. “Qingwen (i#f7)” means “May 1 ask...” or “Excuse me, but..”, and is a polite way of asking a question. @ W6 xing Lu, jitdo La. Yuping. “My sumame is Lu, and my full name is Lu Yuping.” When answering the question “Nin guixing? ”, one can either give one’s surname by saying “WO xing---”, or give one’s full name by saying “WO Ji00---" or say both “WO xing sy jiGO Note that in Chinese, one’s surname always comes first, and the given name comes last. © Reénshi ni hén gaoxing. “(E'm) glad to meet (literally, know) you.” © Wé6 shi Yityan Xuéyuan de xuésheng, “Iam a student at (literally, of) the Language Insfitute.” @ Ni xing shénme? “What's your summame? ” ‘This informal way of asking somconc’s surname is appropriate when an adult is speaking to a child, or when young people are talking with each other. Pronunciation Drill FEES Initials: | gq = x WE Finals: ia ian iang uei(-ui) uen(-un) Ge tan 1. BE Spelling t qi xT jia ia xia jian qian xian jiang giang xiang jin qin xin —30-jing ging xing jo qa xii jue qué xue juan quan xuan gui kul hur zhin chun ton 2. (UF* The four tones i i I ii zhe zhé zhé zhe ging ging qing qing jin jin jin gui gui gui xing xing xing xing xian xian xian xian shéng shéng shéng_—_shéng ya ya vo yur yan yan yon yon xus xué xué xue yuan yuan yuan yuan xT xt xt xi han han han han jia jia Jia jia 3. $##% Sound discrimination jido -— giao yue — ye (Qo teach) avonth) (night) tian — ting yan —— ydng (field) to stop) (speech) (sheep) 4. BEI Tone discrimination shéu —— shou xia — xia (hand) (thin) (down) -40- jizhé ing jin guixing xiGnsheng yllyan xuéyuan XxUEX Hanyti Jianada dul — tui (right) zhi —— chi (only) (ruler) shui —— shui (water) (10 sleep)xin = —— xin (heart) (letter) bai —— bai (white) 5. WAZA Combination of tones ee ee ee léoshi yuyn kéyi Beijing taxing yutas (Beijing) (to travel) (grammar) ANN eee Ngan bo waiipd Hanytt mignbGo —lidnxi baozht (bread) (exercise) (newspaper) 6. SLVR Practice on disyllabic words taitai (Mrs) XiGOjIE (Miss) nish (Madam) ingly (manager) téngshi (colleague) xi@o —— xiao (small) (to laugh) + qing jin kdioshi (exam) WN mye sn + guixing zhuyi (Go pay attention to) Yingyti (English) Fayti (French) Déyti (German) Ey (Russian) Riy (Japanese) wma oe ye women jigjic (elder sister) eNom meimei keqi (courtesy) 7. HBT AWRALFLE Read the following classroom expressions aloud Zhbyl fayir Zhuyi shéngdido. Dui bu dui? Dui le. (Pay attention to your pronunciation. ) (Pay attention to your tones.) (Is it right?) (It’s right.) -4l-. Kéyt jinlai mo? . Qing jin! Nin guixing? }. WS xing Lu, jido LU Ytiping. . Rénshi ni hén gdoxing. . WO shi Yuyan Xuéyudn de xuésheng. WS xuéxi Hanyit. (—) [#57 Asking for permission] FMZIG Make a dialogue based on the picture Ag (=) [##% Asking someone’s name] F6ILFIULIF Complete the following dialogues (1) A: Nin guixing? B. Wo xing ,jdo A: W6 jido . wd hén gaoxing. . B: (2) A; Ni xing shénme? B: (3) A: Ta jito shénme? B: (4) A: Ta xing shénme? B; 42[ERA Introducing oneself] TER ZH Situational dialogue Ask everyone to introduce himself/herself in a meeting by imitating Dialogue I in the text. (FB) OF Listen and repeat thie HH RYLKA, AETHER HEL, BAFTA Ho RAR BINA, Be RRB NRA, VR, MIRE bas Phone 1. RYH Pronunciation key Initials; | is an unaspirated voiceless palatal affricate. To produce this sound, first raise the front of the tongue to the hard palate and press the tip of the tongue against the back of the lower teeth, and then loosen the tongue and let the air ‘squeeze out through the channel thus made. The sound is unaspirated and the vocal cords do not vibrate, is an aspirated voiceless palatal afiricate. It is produced in the same manner as hut it is aspirated, X is a voiceless palatal fricative. To produce it, first raise the front of the tongue toward (but not touching) the hard palate and then let the air squeeze out. The vocal cords do not vibrate. Note:The finals that can be combined with “/", “q” and “x” are limited to “i”, “0” and compound finals that start with “i” or “U”, 2. ESM Spelling rules (1) When the compound final “uei” is combined with initials, it is simplified to -ui and the tone mark is written over “i”, For example: gui. (2) When the compound final “uen” is combined with initials, it is simplified to -un, For example; lon, (3) When “G" is combined with j, q and x, the two dots over it are omitted. For example; xué. “y” is added to the compound finals which start with “0” and the two dots over it are omitted. For example: Yoyan Xuéyuan, Note: “J”, “Q”, and “x” are never combined with “u" and “a”, -43-Seer! “fa”"F7A](1) Sentences with “2” (1) Predicate Subject ee Adv N/NP- Pt Ate | 1 e EM. Ta I shi lGosti. BKM | OR Ps i. Ma Dawei I bu shi lGoshT. # | z ee 139 Te \ shi xuésheng maz In an “A #£ B” sentence, the verb “Jé” is used to connect the two parts. Its negative form is made by putting “7K” before the verb “Jz”. If the sentence is not particularly emphatic, “J2” is read softly. Note; The adverb “4.” must be placed before “Jz”. Example Stroke Order Rule to Write + | _ + octal before vertical : | A 7 A - Downward-left before domwardight ere ee R voR From top to beta : A noaA From outside to inside ] nA @ : Outside before inside before closing | a 4 a Middle before wo sides2. WBRAVE Leam and write basic Chinese characters ay + a+ f ~ | qi seven 2 strokes cy ay Ja ay xiG0 small, little 3 strokes 3) hme xin. heart 4 strokes: Note: On the left side of a character, “ ” is written as “4”, as in “HE”, @) 7K lava “ shut water 4 strokes Note: On the left side of a character, “4” is written as “i”, as in “RK”. A JNA ° yue moon 4 strokes D ‘ $ 724 ° shou hand 4 strokes x ot Note: On the left side of a character, “4” is written as “4”. ow lone @ tian field 5 strokes ~@ 4 7 148 (- +a) bai white 5S strokes oR 7 PR (8 + A) zht only 5 strokes: = . eS > y (0) & a yan speech 7 strokes Note: On the left side of a character, “3” is written as “i”, as in “HGR”, =45-3. UWS VIC'HALF Leam and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts (1) WGK réenshi (42%) KOPTta (°4”, the meaning side plus the phonetic side, “A”.) Roi t+R (“4", the meaning side, denotes language-related behavior.) (2) &E ylydn (Bs) Boit+kh+D } (sandidnshut) (the “three-drops-of-water” side) °° 3 3 strokes (3) 46 HOnyt (es) Rroprer (4) & nin Bo Re 4 F (yduzit6u) (the “to have” top) — 7 2 strokes (5) BA péngyou WA>A+ A Ror ae (6) #32 guixing (444) KoP+— +R Bok +k 1 jiozipéng) (the “calling” side) * 2 strokes (7) 4 Jido yom 44] (shaozipéng) (the “ladle” side) 7 “947 3 strokes (8) #) de #7 at+4 -47~How will you be able to find your way around in hina? By the end of this lesson, you should be able to ik directions, look for people, express gratitude and | regret, and say goodbye in Chinese. Remember to keep || { grmtene sour pronunciation and tones every dy } Canting zai nar UT 7e OBL © Ma Dawéi: — Qingwén, zhé shi Wang Xidoyun de sish@ maz 5 KA: WA, RA BE DA HBS Br? NO xuésheng: Shi. Qing jin, ging zud. [RAI Looking oF E: Re for eoreane Ma Dawéi; — Xiéxie. Wang Xidoyun zai mar? % KA: WH E bea £4? NG xuésheng: Ta bu zai ak PR, WK Ho Ma Dawéi: Ta zai n&r? ® BH KA: 4 He ABIL? NG xuésheng: Duibuql, wd bi zhidao.® kK PAL MARR, RA Fill, Ma Dawéi: Méi guanxi, Ho, zaijidn. A KA: R KA. HH, AR. Ni xuésheng; Zaijian. nen k OPAL AR, eeaivedEE ig] Now Words 1. canting N RFF dining room 2. Za; v yea to be (here,there); to be (in,on,at) 3. nor QPr FARJL where +4. qingwon Vv Pal May I ask...7 wen v i to ask *5. zhé Pr & this 6. sushé N 48% — dormitory 7. nt A *& female 8. xuésheng N PA student *9, jin v BE to enter 10. Zud v xe to sit 1. xiexie v WV to thank 12. dulbuqi TES} RAL Pm sony #13. WO Po 1; me 14. zhidao v #38 to know 15. méi_ guanxi IE BAR never mind; it doesn’t matter #16. hao A osm good; well; fine; O.K. 17. zaijian IE FER good-bye 201 Adv again 18. Wang XiGoyun PN EH (name of a Chinese student) Ma Dawéi; 4 KA: XiGojié: “pd: M& Dawei kA: Xidojié dh: frais) Asking for dicctionn Xidojié, gingwen canting zai nar? ® 3, FL RUE ULE Zai er one ér ling si hao.® ae =Ow F, “ere. Poo 7 pes xie.® i. ; AA itt. -49-Song Hud: Ro: Ma Dawéi; RA; Wang Xidoytin: zz DB: HE ig New Won 1. xiGojié 2 er 3. céng 4. ling 5.8 6. hao 7. buyong 8. zhér 9. wan 10. le 11. SOng Hud —50- Dawéi, women zai zhér. KA, RN BIL, Duibugi, wo Idi wan le. © MR, KRM To Méi guanxi. hm KK ds N apse Nu = M & Nu oO Nu wy N + Adv AA Pr 3 A La mt v PN RA Miss; young lady two story; floor zero four number need not here Tate (modal partical/aspect partial) (name of a Chinese student)® Wang Xiéoyun zai maz “Is Wang Xiaoyun in?” @ Ta zai nar? “Where is she? ” @® Dulbugi, wd bir zhidao. “dulbugi (af 4.i2)” is a phrase commonly used in making excuses or apologies, and the response to it is usually “Méi guanxi(HKA)". @ Canting zai nér? “Where is the dining hall? ” ® Zai er céng er ling si hao. “It's in No. 204 on the second flovr.” In Chinese the ground floor of a building is considered to he the first floor. © Buyong xie. “Don’t mention it.” This phrase is used as a response to an expression of thanks. One may also say, “BU xi RIBI)”- @ Duibual, wo Iai wan te. “Sorry, T am late.” Pronunciation Dri FEEL Initials: 2 cos M4 Finals: ify] er jong ug uan uang tn 1. DEF Spelling za ca sa a cr st zo co sd ~s1-zuan cuan suan Zut cul ‘sul zon cun san zhuang chuang shuang jiong giong xiong jun gan xan gua kua hua 2. DaF# The four tones Z6i 201 zai zai can can can can ting ting ting ting canting si st si céng — céng céng si céng ér er er ér hao wen wén = wén wen qingwén xié xié xié xié xiéxie jian jidn jan zaijian wan wan won wan lai wan le yong yéng -ydng yong buyéng wang wang wang wang yon yin yin syn Wang Xidoyun song sdng sdng sdng hud hud hua Song Hud 3. $2 Sound discrimination a —d gié — jie jan] —— qian (con) (and) (to cee) ging — jing kudi — kud huan —— huang (blue-green) -52- (auick)4. SHUM Tone discrimination si ST jing — ing a —eér (four) (well) (two) (son) yéng —— yong wén —— wen xiong —— xidng (writen language) (bear) 5. ®AberALALM Final “er” and retroflex ending er (two) €IZi_ (son) rduo (ear) ni'ér (daughter) zhér (here) nar (there) nr (where) wanr (to play) 6. P1414 Combination of tones wom pin wong de canting Yinggué fei shéngci (plane) (new word) kaiché huanying (to drive 9 ear) (to welcome) Orpen wengeen mingtian xuéxi (tomorros) shijian huida (time) (answer) zudlian zugid (yesterday) (football) some mye Ne Jingli gdoxing gianbr gongzud (pencil) (work) kaishi shangdién (to start) (shop) won ge wegen youyéng —_xuéyudn (to swim) piit zazhi (beer) (magazine) cidian ciddi (dictionary) (audio tape) 7. SEWER Practice on disyllabic words jiGosht (classroom) fitang (auditorium) cdoching (playground) césud (toilet) yiyuGn (hospital) HEélGn (The Netherlands) Aijf_ (Eeypt) Yuenan (Vietnam) Taigué (Thailand) YindU (India) someon xiGnsheng xi0xi (rest) qi (wife) Memeo shénme mingzi (name) haizi (child) -53-8. SHH Practice on polysyllabic words tdshiiguGn (library) XINjiGpd (Singapore) shiyanshi Féildibin (the Philiphines) bangongshi Xinxil6n (New Zealand) tiyguain Aodaliya (Australia) waishicht: Maldixiya (Malaysia) tingchéchang Yindiinixiya: (Indonesia) 9. BADE FOURALALIE Read the following classroom expressions aloud Qing nian kéwén. (Please read the text.) Qing nian shéngcf. (Please read the new words.) W6 shuG, nimen fing. (Listen to me.) ae) ation Pr KEY SENTENCES : 1. Qing jin, ging zud. : 2. W6 bu zhidao. : 3. Zaijian. : 4. Qingwén, canting zai nar? 5. Xiéxie. 6. Buyong vie. 7. Duibuey. 8. Méi guanxi. (—) [$A Asking for directions) 1. SEAR FALLS Complete the following dialogues (1) A; Qingwen, césud zai nar? RB; A: Xiéxie. B:(2) Az Qingweén, jidoshi zai nar? B: Duibuqi, 2. fHRZIA Situational dialogues In an unfamiliar building: (1) You are looking for the elevator (#14#,didnit). (2) You are looking for Mr. Yang's office. (=) [#8A Looking for someone] 1. FR TFAZiG Complete the following dialogues (1) A: Qingwén, Lin Na zai ma? A: Ta 20i nar? B; Dubugi, A; Méi guanxi. Zaijian! B A B: Zi. Qing jin. 2. FZ Make a dialogue based on the picture (1) Xuésheng; Yang laoshr; (2) Lin Na: Libe zai ma » Ma Dawéi: Lin Na:(=) [ii Making an apology) FIG Make a dialogue based on the (1) A: B: (2) A: (FQ) [iS ERYZ Asking about someone’s occupation] 1. EMF FIZ Complete the following dialogues (1) A: Nin shi yisheng ma? B; Ba shi, i, HL A: Nin ne? C: Wo yé shi xuésheng, wo xuéxi Hanyt. (2) Ar B: Shi, ta shi waiyii ldoshi. A: NP? B: W6 bd shi waiyti ldoshi. Wo shi (3) DFR Listen and repeat TPT 05 BS MILI BZBZ-OF. ~36-* * * HA, CREE IG? TRAE, HR RIAR 9 HER, BR, BR. hh. iS ees 1. JLAGR5 Retroflex ending (final) ‘The final “er” sometimes does not form a syllable by itself but is attached to another final to form a retroflex final. A retroflex final is represented by the letter “r” added to the final. In actual writing, “JL” is added to the character in question, as in “nar(6i JL)”. 2. RM Pronunciation key Initials; z like “ds” in “beds” e like “ts” in “cats”, with aspiration s pronounced as in English, e.g. “s” in “see” Finals; (final) like “er” in “sister” (American pronunciation) in Ene FASE la) {Rind 49 [8] 44] Questions with an interrogative pronoun Statement Question Na shi women ldoshi. — Na shi shéiz Mm R HN ENS Mm R if? Wo xing Ma. — NI xing shénme? RB HH, tk HK Canting zai ér céng. > Canting zai nar? RA & = BR fe MIL? Ta shi Zhdnggud rén. — Ta shi nd gud rén? w# RX PHA Ko HAM MAP The word order in a question with an intecrogative pronoun is the same as that in a declarative sentence. In this kind of sentence, a question pronoun simply replaces the part of the sentence to which the interrogative pronoun corresponds. ~s7-1.34 BiH (1) Combined character strokes (1) Stroke | Name | Example | Way to Write > |p. | gy, |The horizontal stroke with a hook, is written henggou AR | tke the fourth ste in “Ff | nengehe -B |The bozo stroke with downward cm, i héngpié hw written like the first stroke in “7”, The horizontal stroke with a downward tum to the left is written like the first stroke in “SL”. | héngzhégou Ty héngzhéti iE ‘The oriantal stroke with a downward tum and 1 hook, is written like the third stroke in “ The horizontal stroke witl a downward tum, and then an upward turn to the right, is written like the second stroke in “i”. J | shiigou T The vertical stroke with a hook, is written Hke | the second stroke in “1”. 2. USBAWF Leam and write basic Chinese characters Os er er a) F a @) FF jing 6) two 2 strokes = (2) JU) JJ 5 son 2 strokes: 744 a son 3 strokes aa # well 4 strokes SFR written language 4 strokes: wen =5R-© Woe) | oR jian 10 see om A 1nARAe gié and 4 strokes é 5 strokes. Note: “IE” is the original character for “#2”(zU, ancestor), When it became a loaned function word, “#1” was substituted for the original character. (s) \ova7vow si four o& HEE RRR wo I,me ao) 4 7 FEE a ging blue-green 5 strokes 7 strokes 8 strokes. 3. LSUCPE HSMM Leam and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts A (zeiatou) (the “location” top) — (1) 42 zai Boe ed (2) 4 zud More pe EE (3) iF gingwen (aI) wo i+® 3. strokes As (The meaning side is “i”, and the phonetic side is “45”.) yo nt+o 59LL (zOuzhidi) (the “hurrying” side) 7 9 AL 3 strokes (4) @& zh (48) wo RE (5) #8 jin GR) Ro He (6) BR zaijian (2) HoH +e k TRAE © strokes) PP Cuset6u) (the “study” top)” (7) #4 xuésheng (#4) Pa Fz Sh phe 5 strokes (8) 4# hao Ok + F (9) 4B. xidojié Wok +H J) (yongzikutng) (the “use” frame) J J] 2 strokes: (10) 7 buydng A>) + ¢ 4)oy Baier Cultura Chinese Dictionaries Unlike most English dictionaries, in which entries are arranged alphabetically, Chinese dictionaries are organized in a number of different ways. Chinese dictionaries can be com- piled alphabetically (using pinyin or another romanization system), by the number of strokes used to write the character in question, or by the radical of the character. Many dictionaries Published before the 1920s order their entries according to radical, whereas modem dictio- naries are often arranged alphabetically and include radical and stroke-number indexes. The Xinhua Zidian (New Chinese Dictionary) and Xiandai Hanyu Cidian (Modern Chi- nese Dictionary) are among the most widely used dictionaries at present in the People’s Re- public of China. ‘The first is a pocketsize dictionary, containing some eight thousand entries Tt deals m: second is a medium-sized dictionary including more than fifty-six thousand entries. It covers single characters, compound words, set phrases, and idiomatic expressions. The encyclopedic Cihai (Sea of Words) snd the detailed Ciyuan (Sources of Words) are both large dictionaries, often issued in multi-volume sets. Currently there are also many Nictionaries specially designed for international students who want to study Chinese language individual characters, their definitions, pronunciations, and tones. ‘The and culture. -61-In this lesson, you will be able to leam what to do ‘when you don't understand what another person has seid. You will also leam how to make suggestions, how to accept or decline suggestions, and how to make comments ‘This Jesson also provides & review of the pronunciation and tones covered so far. SB7NIR Lesson 6 ($3) Review) Wémen qu youydng, hdo ma Bul & Wak, # aaa (Fit) Making s Wang Xidoyun: Lin Na, zudtian de jingju zénmeyang? © z a: ARR, MER Hh RA AFH? Lin Na: Hén yu yisi. Jintian tiangi hén hao, women qu a eR: Rk HER SR AX RR H, an & o DS youyong, hao mar Tay ing BER, af A? suggestions Wang XiGoyun: Tai hao le! Shénme shihou qu? ® EZ bk: KET! HA WR 42S Lin Na: Xidnzdi qu, kdyi ma? © a OM Re &, TAH? Wang Xidoyun; Kéyl. zz DE: TH, -@-AE I] Nem Wout 1. qu v & to go 2. yOuydng vo aR to swim 3. 2U6tiGn N ER yesterday 4. fingjt N RA Beijing opera 5. ZEnmeyang QPr CAH how is it? 6. you yisi IE £8 interesting 7. jintiGn N BR today tian N RK day 8. tianqi N RX ‘weather 9. tai Adv K 100; extremely *10. shénme QPr WA what 1. shihou N BYR times moment 12. xignzai N BH now © |. Yang ldoshT, mingtian nin yéu shijian ma? ® TAK: HB, WR Be A mm ye SN Yang Iéoshi; Duibugi, ging zai shuo yi bian. © AR ACKE | Asking), Ho AW: MRA, eH Re nenahing Ding Libd: — Mingtian nin yéu shijian maz E 2 T AR: WK & A wm Be bat es Women qi d& git, héo mar FU & ar aR, HF HP ; Yang ldoshi; H&n baogidn, mingtian wd 2: WR de, MK OR LN, UIE) Retsing hén mang, kéngpa bu xing. © se sence wR OF, AM OR fF eae Xiéxie_nimen. at His.He ig Nee os 1. mingtian =-N WA tomorrow 2. you v AL to have 3. shijian N Bt ey time 4, shud v Bw to say; to speak 5. bian M ie number of times (of action) 6. da gid vo aa to play ball dé Vv ay to play git N BR ball 7. baogian = V/A Ae to feel sorry/somry *8, mang A Died busy 9. kongpa Adv Fol] to be afraid that; perhaps 10. xing v am to be OK. «11. xiéxie Vv Bie to thank 12. nimen Pr MAT you (pl.) “D Zuétian de jingju zénmeyang? “How was yesterday's Beijing opera? ” Zénmeyding? ” is an expression commonly used to ask for someone's opinion. Among the roughly 300 forms of opera in China, Beijing opera has enjoyed the greatest popularity and has the most extensive influence. As a unique art form representative of Chinese culture, it is loved by many people all over the world. ‘D Women qu youyéng, héo may “Shall we go swimming? ” “., hGo maz" is a pattern used when making a suggestion. Tai hdo le! Shénme shihou qu? “That's great! When are we going? ” “Tai Go lol (AMET! )" is an expression used to show enthusiastic approval. It is also used to express happy agreement with a suggestion. You may also use “hao(if)” o« “xing 1)" as a response: @ Xianzai qu, key “Is it O.K, to go vight now? " *.., kéyi maz” is another expression used to make a suggestion. If you agree witt 4 mugzetion, yom may say “KEVICRITAY” or “HOOC A”.® Mingtian nin you shijian maz “Do you have time tomorrow?” © Qing zdi shu6 yi bian. “Pardon? Would you say it again? ” This phrase is used when the speaker’s words were not heard clearly and you would like him/her to repeat ther, @ Hén baogian, mingtian wo hén mang, kéngpd bu xing. 'm sorry, but Ill be very busy tomorrow. Tm afraid 1 can't.” “kongpé bi xing” is a phrase to express a courteous refusal RUA LACCLELECOLLM SC 1. BF Spelling zht hi a a jo qu ga ka ben péng tan dang zhong chong gon kang zan cang jin ging zha cha 2 cu gé ke ii q 2. OF The four tones you you you you yong yong yong youyong Zu0 Z2u6 Z2ud 72u0 tian tin tian, tion zudtian jin jin jin jintian ming = ming — ming mingtian qr qi qi qi tianqi xian xian xian xian xianzdi jing jing jing ig ia iu ju Jingjt bao bao bao bao gian = qian gitn—— qian baogian kong kéng kong kéngpa xing xing xing xing bu xing ~65—3. $FEF Sound discrimination jit, —— xiv sl —— shi cin =— zn (vine) (private) (inch) qi ji dui tu guan — juan (cir) (to exchange) 4, $EI Tone discrimination wang —— wang kan —— kan gong —— gong to die) (to see) (labor) son —— san shén —— shén guai —— guai (three) (body) 5. HAAG Combination of tones eV eon avoyeee Avni wv we \Gosht yuyan kéyi kdngpa jidjie yityin da gid vice] ingwén zénme (pronunciation) (gammar) (how) xiGoshud qichuang fuidéo ndishi yizi (novel (to got up) (coach) (Madasn) (chair) eNom oN mye HN WN mR wa shangban si céng waiyti baogian —xiexie (to go to work) qiché kéwen dianying huihua maimei (car) (text) (movie) (conversation) luyin fixi diannao Hanzi kéqi (sound recording) (review) (computer) (Chinese character) 6. HWE Practice on disyllabic words uanlian (to do physical training) Changgé (to sing a song) ChIFAN (to eat a meal) tiGowl (to dancc) shdngké (te have lessons) XIZG@O (to take a bath) XiGk@ (class is over) shuijidio (to sleep) 7. SWE Pmotice on polysyllabic words shuo Hanyt (to speak Chinese) kan lUxiGng (to watch video) Nidin sh€nget (to read the new words) 2U0 TiGNXI (to do exercise) XiG HOnzi (to write Chinese characters) fanyi jUzi (to translate sentence) ting Ityin (to listen to tape) yong didnn&o (to use computer) ~ 6 -8. BARE T AY BEF? Read the following poem aloud Déng Guan Qué Lou # mh Rt (Tang) Wang Zhihu&n CE) RO th Bai on yi shan jin, a q Ro R, Huang Hé a) hai tid. x a na theo Yu giéng qian ft mu, ah w t Zz Be Géng shang yi céng du. & & - & Be 9. BARE FAIRE HAI Read the following classroom expressions aloud Qing kan shu. (Please look at your books.) Qing xié Hanzi. (Please write the characters.) Qing zai nian yi bidn (Please read it again.) Women tingxié. (Let’s do dictation.) 1 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. ? KEY SENTENCES Zu6tian de jingjt: zénmeyang? Jintian tiangi hen hdo, women qu youyéng, hao ma? Tai héo le! Shénme shihou qu? Xidnzai qu, kéyl ma? Kéyi. Mingtian nin ydu shijian ma? Duibu, ging zai shuo yf bidn. H&n baogian, kéngpa bu xing. -61-(—) [483% Making suggestions} HIAZIE Make a dialogue based on the picture GQ) A; HO maa? B; Tai hdo le! 2 A: , kéyi maz B: (2) A: , hdo maz B: Shénme shthou quiz A: » key! maz B; Duibugi, > A; Méi guanxi. (Use the word “tidowi” schich means “to dance”) (=) [388384 Asking someone to repeat something) FEZiA Make a dialogue based on the picture A: B: Duibuq!, A: “ ) GR Making comments) FINZIE Make a dialogue based on the picture (1) A: Qingwén, zhé shi shénme? B; Zhé shi wushu. Wisht. z8nmeyang? (2) Az Zh@ shi shénme? + Zhe shi xiéngmao. : Xiéngmao zénmeydang?(Q) ti TRAST > Imitate the following dialogues (1) A: Nin hdot B; Nin hdo! : Qingwén, nin guixing? : Wo xing Li, jido Li Mall. Qingwén, nin xing shénme? : W6 xing Sdng, jiao Song Hud. Nin shi n&@ gud rén7 : WO shi Méiguo rén, shi Béijing Daxué (university) de xuésheng. o> D> A: Rénshi nin hén gdoxing. B; Rénshi nin, wé yé hén gaoxing, (2) A: Libd, ni ho ma? B; Wo hén hao. Song Hud, ni ne? A; W6 hén mang. Ni waipé hdo maz B; Xiéxie, ta hén hao. Ni baba, mama dou hdo maz A: Tamen dou hén ho, Mall, zhé shi wé péngyou, Ding Libo. B: Ni hao. A: Zhe shi Mali. C: Ni hao. Wé jido Mali, shi Béijing Daxué de xuésheng. Wo xuéx? Hanyti. Qingwén, ni shi Méigué rén ma? B; Bu shi, w6 shi Jianada rén. (3) A: Ta shi shéi2 B:; Ta shi women ldoshi. ‘A; Ta shi Zhonggué rén ma? B; TG shi Zhongguo rén. Ta xing Chén. A: Na shi shei? B: Ta jido Lu Yuping. A; Ta yé shi Iéosht ma? B: Ta@ bu shi IGoshi. Ta shi jizhé.(4) A: wPPr er oe oe (5) A: oe pp o> CHL) : Zoi wt céng. ; Chén ldoshi zai ma? : Shéi? Duibuqi, ging zai shud yi bidn. : Chén Fangfang ldoshi zai ma? : Wang xiGnsheng, nin hdo. Qing jin, : Duibuq[, wo Idi wan le. : Méi guanxi. Nin yao kafei mar Xiansheng, gingwén, bangongshi zdi nar? Ta z2di. : Xiéxie. : Bu xié. Kéyl jiniai ma? ging zud. : WO bti yao. Xiaxie. Mingtian women qi kan jingjd, hdo ma? : Duibugi, mingtian wé hén mang, kéngpa bu xing. Listen and repeat RAGA HARB SERA, A RAA Bl BBO cae i= Pho 1, “—"#)381H Tone sandhi of “— Normally word, phrase in the fourth “—" ig pronounced in the first tone when it stands by itself, at the end of a ‘or sentence, or is used as an ordinal number. However, “—” is pronounced tone when it precedes a first tone, second tone, or third tone syllable. It is read in the second tone when it precedes # fourth tone. yi+ =10- yi béi (one cup) + -+yi+ | 7 example; yi ping (one bottle) y y yi b&n (one copy) Sy +S example: yi bidn (one time/once)2 HHEP EM RRA AR Table of Combinations of Initials and Finals in Common Speech ‘There are morc than 400 meaningful syllables in the common speech of modern Chinese. If we add the four tones to these, we can distinguish mote than 1,200 syllables. ‘The syllables covered from Lesson 1 to Lesson 6 are shown in the table on the next page (etnies ‘SHAWAHE+] Sentences with a verbal predicate ‘The main pait of the predicate in a sentence with a verbal predicate is a verb. ‘The object usually follows the verb. One of its negative forms is made by placing the adverb “AX” before the verb. we a wt | ge mingtion | you | shijian ma? -n-1. W¢RAABH(2) Combined character strokes (2) Stroke | Name shUzhé Example hy Way to Write The vertical stoke with @ horizontal tum to the right, is written like the second stroke in “wy”. shut vA ‘The vertical stroke with an upward tum to the right, is written like the first stroke in , “we. shtzhézhégou — a ‘The vertical stroke with a horizontal tm to the right, and then a downward turn and a hook, is written like the second stroke in “a”, hengzhewan gou piézhé s ‘The horizontal stroke with a vertical tum, and then a horizontal turn to the right and an upward hook, is written like the second. stroke in “JL”. ‘The downward stwke to the lefi, and then a horizontal turn to the right, is written like the second stroke in “Z,”. piédidn ‘The downward stroke to the left and then an extended dot to the right, is written like the first stroke in “&". 2. Sili4i4 Combination of strokes ‘The relationship between strokes in a Chinese character can be essential to its meaning. There are three ways to combine strokes in a character: (1) Adjacent (not attached) like “A”, “JL", “= (2) Crossing like “++ (3) Connecting like “) -n- "OR, 1K “AT,3. WGRAMF Lear and write basic Chinese characters a 7b Jn Be PIS K+>S (5) #4 shenme (#4) tor 4+ + Ar/ +h (6) BHR shihou (#4) eo H+ t (“", the “sun” side denotes time.) Rf +1 t+ *t HK CLAP RP RRR 10 stiokes) (7) BLA. xidinzai (39.4) Moe +h (8) &A mingtian Ao a+ A (“R”, the “sun” side and the “moon” side, “Fi”, denote light.) -14-(9) abi] shijiGn (a mh) > N+a8 (10) # shud (a) Bo 4 + ‘tt (shtxinpang) + + 3 strokes (On the left side of « character, (11) 4 mang ewoh ee written as “}",) (12) att xiéxie (sat) woptdet brates] Cultu Beijing Opera Tos Beijing opera is a branch of traditional Chinese musi about 150 years ago and has been popular ever thesizing recitation, instrumental music, 1 drama. It took shape in Beijing ince. Beijing opera is a theatrical art syn- inging, dancing, acrobatics, and martial arts, and featuring symbolic motions and stage design. ‘The highly formulaic and suggestive movements of the actors are accompanied by the chythmie beats of gongs and drums, or the haunting melodies of traditional instruments. All contribute to its uniqueness as a performing art. Bei- jing opera is rooted deeply in Chinese culture and still appeals strongly to many Chinese. ~15-‘The first six lessons of this textbook provide an overview of the phonet- jc system of the Chinese language, which consists of twenty-one snitials, thie \y-eight finals, and the four basic tones. There are only a litle over 1,200 ways of combining initials and finals in Chinese. Now that you can use pinyin, you should he able to read any Chinese syllable correctly. ‘A major goal of language leaming is to acquire the ability to communi= ceate in that language. For this purpose, you have Jeamed how to respond to ‘2 number of basic social situations. In addition, you have met with more than one hundred words and expressions, have learned forty key sentences and have studied twenty-two sentences of classroom Chinese. So fur, you have acquired sixty basic Chinese characters as well as more than fly new vocabulary items formed Gum whe, You have also leamed some rules of stroke order for Chinese characters. This elementary vocabulary will be useful when you start to Jean compound words and con- tinue to build your yoeabulary.{ From this lesson on, apart from continuing to work on \ | improving your Chinese pronunciation, you wil learn how to | talk about everyday situations using a greater variety of / Chinese expressions than before, You will experiment with a | | larger number of Chinese sentences, and will further explore | | the culture, customs, and habits of Chinese-speaking peoples. Thic leeeon will help you with making acquaintances, | discussing your studies, and asking. questions in a different | way than you have previously leamed. \ 4 BEM Tes ye a UGA Ih Ni rénshi bu rénshi ta ROB Ak, AR HF, RR BX A, WR Ubd, mingtian kaixud, wo hén gdoxing. Ni kan, ta shi RR RAN FR oy IGP bu shi women xuéyudn de Idosht? T AR: & A FOO RA, BR RN ERE wh Ding Libd: =~ Wo wen yixid, Qingwen, nin shi women xuéyuan de ap Hy? © \Gosht ma?cid aE: Zhang jidoshdu: T Aik: Ding Libo. Es Buz: Zhang jidoshdu: T Aik: Ding Libs; ci BAR: Zhang jidoshdu- Ak HB Lin Na: KR BAR: Zhang jidoshou: TAR: Ding Libo: ak Lin Na: -78- RX, RR BT FR oh HM, Shi, w6 shi Yuyan Xuéyuan de ldoshi. HH? Candia Ween yy Nin guixing? a XH GR, AM AR W6 xing Zhang,women renshi yixio, zhé shi wo de Bo mingpian. Mt. RAH) OM, BRR Hee, © Xiéxie.(Kan mingpian) A, nin shi Zhang jidoshou. Hom] T A ke aR aa W6 ji@o Ding Libo, ta jido Lin Na. Wémen dou shi be FR ty FA, Yiiyan Xuéyudn de xuésheng ABS FR WH Me, RR, sun Nin shi Yuyan Xuéyudn de jidoshou, renshi nin, women RK AX. hén_gdoxing. KR MM, KR WAR BK. HAN a HF MHP Renshi nimen, wd yé hén gaoxing. Nimen ddu héo ma? bh, FUN a RH RK HR, ROR Xiéxie, women dou hén héo. Zhang Jidoshou, nin mang AR eT bu mang? & ik FB, i He HR, BRI WO h&n mang. Hao, nimen ging zud, zaijian! ECT R HR! Zaijian! RT ae AF 26 301 A 12345678Eig] New Words Le F #2. 4K 3. a ay i 6 F wos +7. 8 BH 9 BT 10. Has & vo kdixué to start school Vv kai to open, to start Adv -hén very RY, Rt, RAEB A gdoxing happy, pleased 42%) A gdo high, tall Vv kan to wateh, to look at 20H, ABIL v wen to ask FEIT, (Ade yixid (used after a verb to indicate a short, quick, random, informal action) PF, AE, IF, FE N xuéyudn institute ER BE, DUSEBE No mingpidin — calling card RAYA FE, ENEHNE J In a ah, oh N jidoshou professor Vv jido to teach eI. TAK PN Ding Libs (name of a Canadian student) 12. ok T A: Ding Libo: OR: -in Na: T Aik: Sing Libs: OM: in Na; T Ak: Jing Lib; PN = Zhang (a surname) HOB, ABR He? Lin Na, n& shi shéi? ABR A KA. th UR AK GIR Hh? Na shi MG Daweéi, NI rénshi bu rénshi ta? RA UR the W6 bai rénshi ta. RRA Fok, KA, KARR MA— Wo Idi ji@shdo yixid. Ni hdo, Dawéi, zhé shi wo péngyou— we AH TT, POT Ak, HA, hy NI héo! We xing Ding, jiao Ding Lib. Qingwen, ni jidio -79-HA BF ° shénme mingzi? SKA: KR HH PR AF MH DKA KRAR Ma Dawéi; W6 de Zhongwen mingzi jido M&é Dawei. NI shi bu shi ia) A? ZhOnggué rén? RR MERA. KM RB PH ALR EE = Wo shi Jiandda rén. W6 mama shi Zhongguo rén, wo baba R wWEK As wR wEK AB? shi Jianada rén. Ni yé shi Jianada rén maz RR, RRR mMEKA, KR AB AL éi; BU shi, wd ba shi Jidndda rén, wo shi M&igud rén. Ni FT 4A ea? xuéxi shénme zhuanyé? Tak: RST RR Sh, he RP Ding Lib6; Wé xuéxi maisht zhuanyé. Ni ne? Ss HRA: & FIRE Sho ME K FI BBQ M& Dawéi: Wo xuéx! wénxué zhuanyé. Xianzdi wo xuéxi Hanyt. * Mf: MA Ri A FD RI, LR A RG A HH Lin Na; Xianzai women dou xuéxi Hany, yé dou shi Hanyti xi de FA, xuésheng. Ea] New Words +1 Hf QPr ss shéi who a2 v Iai to come 3. ee ™. jiéshao to introduce SPI, SAE 4&F oN mingzi name ROBE, MIL 45 °F SPX oN ZhOngwén Chinese HRB, PICK I 6. EE ON baba dad -80-+7 PD v xuéxi to leam, to study FHL, EW =e v xué to learn, to study ERIC, SAGE, aim 8. Fab N zhudnyé major; specialty "XW, WBS, HAek 9 ER N méisho. fine arts FIR, SRE x A méi beautiful 10. LF ON wénxué literature PEAS, 30% wm N xi faculty; department WR, HA *12 BRA PN MG Dawéi (name of an American student) #13, EA PN Jianada Canada 4. £1 PN Méigué the United States EE a Supplementary Words 1. SG weénhud culture 2 AR N list history 3. OE N zhéxué philosophy 4. RK N yinyue music 5. BH N jingji economy 6 RE N shtxué mathematies 7. Ae. N wilt physies 8. 40 N hudxué chemistry 9, BA N jidoyt: education 10. 3846 V — xuGinxii to take an elective course D RHF. —F” is used after a verb to indicate that an action is of short duration, or express the idea “giving something a try”. It can soften the tone of an expression so that it sounds formal. For example: “WRT, “SHB E", RE, HO, BLOT, “$F, “PRI EF" and “RAGA” are expressions commonly used when people meet each other for the first time. lees@ BRT E BEM ETI To indicate the place or organization where one works, plural pronouns are often used as modifiers. For example, the following phrases are used: “ff |22B2", “OIA”, “S41 FER (QUGG, country)", rather than “{WEBE", “UR”, “RER". @ WAR IKEE. “R{” is read in the fourth tone, indicating a sudden understanding or expressing admira- tion, D MOAB? This is a casual way of asking comeone’s name, applicable to an adult talking with a child, or used among youngsters. ‘The answer is usually one’s full name. For example: “8 MT AR". You may also answer by giving your sumame first, and then your full name. For example: “Fei: T 0 T Arik”. O RNP LE FM BA, A noun can be placed directly before a noun as its attributive modifier. For example: “PCRS”, “UGEENI", RELA", To render a non-Chinese name into Chinese, we may choose two or three characters based on the pronunciation or meaning of the original name. David March, for example, may he rendered into Chinese as “FC%", and Natalie Lynn as “KH”; the sumame “White” can be translated as “F”, and a gist by the name of Amy can be called “338”. Both “+13” and “PH” refer to the Chinese language. “#33” has a broader mean- ing, referring to the Chinese language in both its writen and spoken forms. Originally, “i 8” referred only to the spoken language of the Han people. Today, it is often used to re- fer to both the written and spoken forms of the Han language. ‘These words are now used interchangeably hy most people. Drills and F KEY SENTENCES Le RK RAAT BE IPP 2. MURAD? 3. MINDR—F RO PLE EBA A. 4 MED A? 5. RP TRAG IL, HV? 6. LARNER, LAER AEE ~82-1. ABEF FU Master the following phrases (DA-F RF BF RR-F EIT 2) RRR BRIS PARBA ARR AFR AA ERE ERA ERE BAB GREE AN AMA IMA AN eae A AMSH KHSZF ANSE BEERHFL FRAME G) PRA meKA BA PRE meAMA AMER BMA MA KE KE BCE) RCRA BA kA 2, 4)21¢FH Pattern drills (1) A: RRB? B: RLAMA, apeee Ar W/W A? Sadak Bs #0/4834.3) . (2) A: WB ssn? wee wk Bz H/30R Bo) $8, RA RA A: By bthl 2 2-2 Mr. White wan B: Hibs] BEX, (3) As e/a 0827 833 Re Br H/T AED W/ FEE MA PLA SRA As 1/k8| HA BF? Ke DEN Bese} _ (4) A: ARRA PBA? lem »a B AR, KRAMERKA, ad a va & A: RE KAD? a rae RERANT PRLAWFA ERA RD B: RUA MERA, — (5) A: BRA RAM RH? TAK BRA B: RRA RA ade wee Ar ER GOH I? Hine ANE Bs 38 RAGA ARH =83-(6) A: MURRRRRHARA? Hebd B: RARBKAG wee A E/E MAL fae B: 6/40 0 (7) A: ARRIBA RE Je? B HUARRE AMEE, A: HARB A MEA? | F DBE B: RNR RAS AO A RGB EH A & (8) A: OS RRARRB? RR Fix(lishi) | B: FR. Be fF (zhéxue) A: MPD HL ake BR (yinyus) — 487 (ingjl) B: RPA RAH AL, toe? Ai RFD RES Sh 3. MAX] Make sentences according to the pictures qa) WAFA WRF A, MRE HEB, ARR & eA FEW 6 WMAP RA PBA. fenl____ PBA.(2) BREA? »— ARR AUR 0 TEARAE 9 4. S134 5) Conversation practice (#1 Meeting someone for the first time] (1) A: B: A; B: (2) A: (3) A: (4) A: (5) A: B: C: HH ERB BBR, EP PRM, RRM BH BiH. PAVDR—Fo KH HABE? : &KDavid March, As} PRS FHYSKA. HA, BAMBAT 2 RE__. #*? A&R. HA, BRARP BA? 2 RRA RR. ° BAMA F ER, te, BA, © eA __,##R_MA,&_______. UR MAR EH 0 (6) HAE RIT OT ak, Ra PARAS MMH ELAR, MARF I RE RBTERRGAM EA, DIMM RARER. (ak Talking about one’s major] () A: B: A B; A HA MRARRERO PA? RARE RHEL 1 META GLY RPT GR (lisht) sk. 4649 RAPA? a © —85~(2) Az MANA PH? B: MAN ARA Fo + ROE LRAR RIB? 2 RAMOS RRER, i 38 48-(xuGnxi) H+ a? 2 RL P BL 4e(wénhud),, rp wp 5. Z€WK4529 Communication exercises (1) You come across a student whom you don’t know. How do you carry out a conversation with him/her in order to know more about him/her? (2) Two of your friends do not know each other. How do you introduce them to each other? (3) How do you introduce yourself in a meeting? (4) How do you ask about your new friend’s major? EBB Student's Registration Form 36% name | #5) sex | FH age | BARE nationality Afi institution THe B a | mee WRB ie | ok | Ke | EPRI uky |B 2 EL masons | RAVER RF ED, RAVAGE SFB EA ARR DUET ae PBF ANA P AH, AP LAF HKLM HE EH (Vingguo) AothRKBA WAY 14 PLLFRAES, AAT AI, EERMERA, WBAP AA MAMERA, LRAMHERALH, TARHERRER, SANA ED GE, MRE FRO REE KAMEN BEI (Vang). HAN] MRBGAOEI URL P HA, RHUL ES FRABI MIR Te TA RR RSUEH SH BRL WLI S PO ~86-satan 9) (errant 1. ROVRAIM UF Attributives expressing possession In Chinese, an attributive must be placed before the word it modifies. When a noun or @ pronoun is used as an attributive to express possession, the structural particle “(i)” is usually required. NP/Pr + f9 + N RK fy Br ae fs BE Bae ty ea When a personal pronoun functions as an attributive and the modified word is a noun referring to a relative or the name of a work unit, the “fi” between the attributive and the word it modifies may be omitted. For example :“#@24¥5" “(RE @” “MAA” “RANE”. 2. TERRE V/A-not-V/A questions ‘A question can also be formed by juxtaposing the affirmative and negative forms of the main element of the predicate (verb or adjective) in @ sentence. WA + BWA + 0 sub 7 Predicate wubject A vee WA Not V/A oO 4 tt ® tty st ; aR a WR 4h? ie | 8 BR PBLA? ‘The response to such a question may be a complete sentence (affirmative or negative) or sentence with its subject or object omited. One may respond with “J&” (affirmative an- swer) or “ASJE" (negative answer) at the beginning of an answer to a “J&CJE" question. For example: (1) (RHE. (BME. (2) CRAMD DOR (Hb). (RAD ADAIR) (3) (HBB PBA. (AB)AE+ BAW DMAP HA. A DURE BA. 3. FA“OE" RAIA MESLIALA] Abbreviated questions with “YE” ‘An abbreviated question with “W" is made by adding “9G” directly after a pronoun or a noun, The meaning of the question, however, must be clearly indicated in the previous sentence. -87-Pr/NP + WE? PARE HE? CARB? = MsrMs? ) PRATER AOE? ABR AVE? = BRAHMS? ) FpIMEKA ABE? —— (HAE? = HME AARS? ) PME ADIGE, BOWE? (BAAW? = BRAVING? ) 4. “to” AHR" HYLEE The position of adverbs “ti,” and “#f” ‘The adverbs “ti,” and “#” must occur afier the subject and before the predicative verb or adjective. For example: “RL AINSAA”, “(HATES LMZAA”. One cannot say “ts PALI EAA” HMLNTEMERA”. Ef both “tix” and “#8” modify the predicate, “ti” must be put before “#§”. In a negative sentence, “tf,” must occur before “75”. thi + WA Subject Adv WA _ TAR BR MEKA. THA UR fhe TAM _ He | tte ASB 1th B MEKAL PSB th UR fe we em tte ei] * fe merKA. ffi ® UR fhe eo | me | te Ri a ca MEKA. RN hep UR fie Rei haBiR iy "#6" may be put before or after “JR”, but the meanings of “fi AX” and “7X #6" are different. —88- wih + B+ WA Predicate Subject — Adv WA ae ® REM. fis Bh REM. RM BR HBAS. (none of us) Ri Ath HEM (not all of us)1. DLFAVRBFE Chinese character components There are three aspects to the structure of a Chinese character: the strokes, the compo- nents and the whole character, For example, the character “Ai” consists of four strokes: "=", "1,97 0" It isa basic character and is also used as a component for some other characters. For example, “fA” consists of two “7” characters. ‘The components are the core structure of a Chinese character. Chinese characters can be divided into character-parts and non-character-parts. For example, “ff” can be di “Bt ten, ided into the following three parts: Jt” of which “3G” is a character-part, while “fb” and “°" are the non- character-parts. The key to leaming Chinese characters well is to master their components 2. ASA Leam and write basic Chinese characters FR) =F IF al kai to open 4 strokes ” (*F” looks like the bar or the bolt of a door; when the “= in “#F" is removed, the door opens.) oa 1nAapaea SI ee mu ee 5 strokes a) F TF xia below, bottom 3 strokes Cin contrast with “1”, the “}” under “—” denotes “bottom” or “beneath”) @ 7 "=F KH = Rg yun — first;primary 4 strokes A 4 g 3) # IVP pin a flatthin pieces slice 4 strokes © Tyr wR pi skin 5 strokesoF 737% A gong an archer’s bow 3 strokes | “ OK ATK zhéng to grow 4 strokes ORR “HP EPR lai to come, 7 strokes cao) 4S 7A jie be situated between; interpose 4 strokes apy 2 PR Be 0 father 4 strokes OP hs (2) & 77 Fe ba wait anxiously; cling to 4 strokes. (“ES” stands on the right side or at the bottom of a Chinese character, and denotes the pronunciation of the character.) as 8) TIF xi to study 3 strokes ay (4) HSS zhuGn special 4 strokes: (Note that the third stroke of “4” is one stroke, not two strokes.) as) dk Ge) VW a aba ye line of business; trade 5 strokes: 16) we eee Pp yang sheep 6 strokes an Re) TARR shu art; skill 5 strokes (Note that “40” has one more dot thanxi department: system 7 strokes «sy & “F2RRRR & AA as) A) JAA wéi act; to do 4 strokes 3. USAAF Leam and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts: Z (shuangirén) (4 " is called the “single-standing-person” sides "is called the “double-standing-person” side.) * 4 4 3 strokes E gan T4apepg 6 strokes (1) aR hen ROA +ER 9 strokes > (itzttéu) (the “six” top) = 2 strokes ~~ (xingzitou) (the “excitement” top) > * % 2% 4 strokes (2) BX gaoxing (%R) aot + Pte 10 strokes Kam hen 6 strokes F (kanetou) (Im multi-component character the vertical stroke with a hook “J” in “$" is written as a downward stroke to the left “J".) ~ ==> 4 strokes (3) #& kan AF +A 9 strokes (Holding a hand “+” above one’s eyes “B” to gaze.) B (euorduo) (the “lefiear” side) % 2 strokes (4) 38% xuéyudn (4B) BOR +7 4+ HH 9 strokes -91-(5) #3} mingpidn A> y+a 6 strokes (6) Ta Trew + Pp + 7 10 strokes F (zizipang) (the “son” side) (The horizontal stroke in the character “” is written as an upward stroke, when the character becomes the left side component of another character.) "TF 3 strokes. X (fanwénpéng) (the “tapping” side) (The dot in “3” is writen as“! ", a downward stroke to the left, when the character becomes the right side component of another character) TEAK 4 strokes © (ghouzit6u) (the “acceptance” top) ~ “ * % 4 strokes * (tGbdogai) (the “bald cover” top)’ 77 2 strokes (7) 44% jidoshou Brrr + Ft & 11 strokes BE FF FP $ RAL strobes (8) T Ai Ding Libd wo p+ kw 8 strokes (9) #& zhang (sk) Ko eA +k 7 strokes (The meaning side is “", and the phonetic side is “i”.) AE cm AL PAR EE 8 strokes (10) i shéi (#) i> 4+ fe 10 strokes -92-2 (jaospang)( #) (the “oss silk” side) 4 # & 3 strokes (1) 44 jiéshto (443) Bore+7 +0 8 strokes > (bGogdit6u) (the “roof” top) 3. strokes (12) 2 mingzi oe Fett (13) €€@ baba ETFR+GB 8 strokes CSR” suggests the meaning and “@.” denotes the pronunciation.) % (taweiyangy ©” Yee 6 strokes (14) AA mé~ishts (€ 47) otk 9 strokes (Is) mek Jinada we s>h+v 5 strokes Bota 4 Wt F wo atvores (Hands joined together to denote the meaning of “taking”.) bral te Personal Names Like most names in the world, Chinese names are made up of two parts: family names (xing) and given names (ming). While family names generally come from the father’s side (nowadays we also find family names which come from the mother’s side), parents choose given names for their children, In contrast to names in most European languages, where the surname usually follows the given name, family names always precede given names in Chi- nese. In the mainland, women retain their family names after marriage. -93-‘There are over a thousand Chinese family names. Zhang, Wang, Li, Zhao, and Liu fare among the most popular, with about seventy million Zhangs exceeding all others. The majority of family names in Chinese consist of a single character, but there are some, such as Ouyang and Sima, that have two, and hence are known as disyllabie or double-character family names (fixing). On the other hand, it is common to have single- character or double-character given names, such as in Song Hua and Lu Yuping, Due to the limited number of family names and shortness of given names, it is not unusual for people to have identical names in China.ae Soy if ‘This lesson will teach you how to | describe your family members, and how to talk ‘about your university and department. You will earn how to count to one hundred, and ask questions related to numbers and amount. Finally, we will introduce you to measure | ’ ! { | words, a grammatical category particularly \_ well-developed in the Chinese language. > wil A AIL A Nimen jiad you ji kou rén a OM; 2 RK A HM RH MH? Lin Na; Zh@ shi bu shi nimen jia de zhaopian? EE be: £2 Wang Xidoytn: Shi a. S wR: Rm —F. hin ZH La AP Lin Na: W6 kan yixi. Nimen jid you ji ku rénz E be: RN RAW IA, RAR SS, A sy, Wang XiGeyun: Women jid ydu si kou rén. Zhe shi wS baba, wo mama, BRR DT RPM RR? Zhe shi w5 gége hé wo. Nimen jid ne? about one’s family, -95-ak OM: A BY, A fe OF He, @ Lin Na; WO ydu mama, ydu yi ge jidjie hé ling ge didi. Ml RF -# Axo A, Women jid yigong you lit kdu rén. z >: & RRA, LA K?® Wang Xidoyuin: Zhé shi wii ku rén, hai you shéi? OM, & A AR, Lin Na; Hai yéu Beibei. Eo be: AA RM dR |? Wang Xidoytin: Béibei shi ni méimei maz aOR: A, AN AR HH tb Be Lin Na; Bu, Béibei shi wd de xido géu z ys H &R- 7 A hy? Wang XiGoyun: Xido géu yé shi yi kou rén ma? AK PR AA # M1 0 MA, SR R 4 Lin Na; Béibei shi women de hdo péngyou,dangran shi women EMA RA — kK WM HH RA, HAL ji de rén. W6 ydu yi zhang Béibei de zhdopian, ni kan A TR. Zhén ké’ ai. il RA hb Hh BP? Nimen ji@ you xio gou maz eM KR RA ob HRM A RA OK Women jia méiydu xido géu. Lin Na, ni you méiyou nan WA? péngyou? kA OG MR. W6 you nan péngyou. . mney EL teawe Asking about Be BA LAT SS. cameo’ oecupatio in: TG zud shénme gongzud? fe BA Ta shi yisheng.EE ig] Som Worse 1 2. #3. s 19. #20. 21. 22. 23. R Ju a EhaA AM nN jia ger it M kou N zhdopian Conj he M ge N ji@jie Nu ling N didi Adv Gi Adv yigong N meimei A xido N géu M — zhang A dangran A/Ady Zhén A kei v ai Adv = méi A nan v Zud V/N gOngzud family, home WAR, MAN, MAH how many, how much (a measure word mainly for the number of people in a family) LOA, BOA picture, photo FQGVRUT, FRAT and GAG, PPAR, MATL (a measure word for general use) JAB, —~K, RBRA, MED, UR elder sister two TIAA, PAM, PEM, MA younger brother in addition i, BH, VAR, IIH, BEI altogether —JEAAH A younger sister Tittle, small 3838, eR dog AMA RRA (a measure word for flat objects) PUIKERH .—IK4 Hr as it should be; only natural that “#8it, 42 veal/really AG, Hitt, KAM, KARB lovely, cute HR, ARAM, RAIL to love BH, BG, Beste not A male BUN, BE, Be to do; to make to work/work {WAN LYE, BOLE, fit Le PN Wang Xidoytin (name of a Chinese student) PN Béibei (name of a dog)ak BS FR KA RK Lin Na; Yuyan Xuéyuen da bu da? Z We: BRK ® Wang XiGoyun; Bu tai dé. a OM: be FR HF BY NA? Lin Na; Yuydn Xuéyun ydu dudshao ge xi? EZ war H tad ho Wang Xidioytin; Yéu shiver ge xi ak OM: Mm Bok Ai IME RB? Lin Na; Ni xihuan nimen Waiyt xi ma? Eo be: RR BR INE A. W6ng Xidoytin: W6 hén xihuan Waiyti xi. aR OM il HH RA SY eM? Lin Na: Nimen Waiyti xi ydu dudshao léoshi? Eo be: WE RA AHA HY PR #, tH Wéng XiGoyun; Waiyti xi yéu ershiba ge Zhongguo Idosht, shiyi ge SE 0. Han Ave? wdigué ldoshi. Nimen xi ne? a: a1 RB RR RK. AM Keb BP wR Lin Na: Women Hanyii xi hén da. Women xi de ISoshi yé hén 3%, R-G 4, teil A R PHB AQ duo, you yibdi ge. Tamen dou shi Zhénggud rén. a1 AR RA PY BIB, Women xi méiyu waigud Idoshi. +E ig] New Worts wk A da big, large AUR, 2 BE 25 opr dudshao — how many, how much 4A, Aaa % A duo many, much y A shdo few, less 3. fk ov xihuan to like, to prefer BUG, RCL =98-+4. 9B ON wait foreign language SNE2#BE, IMEI op N wai outside i N yu language 5. $F ON waigué foreign country SHEA, SHB. Shela 6. Nu bai hundred —i, =H, =H, WH, AR RD FEAR a] Swrrlementry Words Le N che car; vehicle 27k ON cidigin dictionary 3. BAe N diannao computer 4 BF N hdizi child 5. FH N yéye grandfather on the father’s side 6 shy ON waigong grandfather on the mother’s side 1. REM ON xizhtrén chairman of the department 8. BA N zhujido teaching assistant 9. FEN N lishi lawyer 10, LARIR ON gOngchéngshi engineer ERE Notes | ® jem, “WJ” is @ modal particle expressing. affirmation, @ Rap ypmgR ‘The conjunction “I” ie generally used to conn eg. “AAG” EET AS” “FRAT RR EN clauses, and is seldom used to connect two verbs. et pronouns, nouns, or noun phrases. “Al” cannot be used to connect two D RAMEN AIA. When the numeral “2” is used with a measure word in Chinese, the character “fj” is used instead of “—". For example: “TRIKE”, “DITA” (we do not say “SKA”, “SAA"). When the numeral “2” is used alone, as in “—,—=,=,--", or when it is used in a multi-digit number, we still use “<2", even if it is followed by a measure word. For example: “$=”, “=+—", “HEOAA", *LD RFE? One of the uses of 36” is to make an additional remark. For example: PAMPER. RURGAH ® KKK. The adverb “3c” can be used in a negative construction. “ASC” means “7 “RAK” means “AAK", and “AKL” means “7B”. However, when “2 UAT. used in an affirmative construction, such as “AAC TL)", “KACT)” of “KALCT)”, it often means “too much” or “excessively”. mapeyye KEY SENTENCES + MAN RAIL BAT REROA, BHR? 5. AAT ALP BABU 1 RBA AED . AAI SPIE BAS PEI? # ADP BEI 1. RAB F PAA Master the following phrases (1) aE HAVE AVE (2) REE REE Bunk SUR RAE AR AAR MATA IG HOA ARATE ANAT A BAP fhe Re ARR RAL KD UEP a Me ARR RAL 3) YH PHFA POMA PRR PARE PBA SOE SPA SMA FPA PP SHA (4) RNG SH RNR AA AEA BUNA OST A Fe RR (5) AAote ANF RA APA FN RP BAR Fo MAN A BAN Fe 8 AE Fo ATT HB AeA Fete AN RGB AP BE Ae DEES LGB APPR AG A Fo SNE EE Be Oy HE2 a) (2) GB) @) (5) (6) 202A 40k Sav BDA LKR BR RUE Wek 2 100% She OFA 264 HF 9004+ 3 AE Dade aaa BONE BIBRA JLOA JURE TUN Hs He ILA BTA SCR) RR SYN)MA — BYNDR ABBR Patten drills As Ap AH Te — B ARAB. mt 4#(ché) & Ba (didinndio) | 79 ¥(Cldion) A: WRAY MA? [eed BAP BBA 43a A: tha LAS P MAE HF (HAIzi) B: AHA A a A: HAN AO ISDE SHS HR 38 B: AMAHAFARKS. SP AE IP 2 | A: Aa & Ay & dP SRL ko BAH (ZhUiGo) 7 Be AA AAAS EL, Pest 1s At AVR ALA? 5 kk B: AMEAODA, 3 7% (jizhé) A: REEMA ZL? 4 #95 (laisht) B: 1&8 448, As He ALAS RF (dizi)? 3 1 2 B: RAIA DART ART, 4 2 2 A: ARE HR? 5 2 3 B AR, WMAIA ERE IAB, -101-3. 55 4sH1 0 SARL Solve the following math problems verbally (1) Ex. (2) Eg. (3) Eg. 142=2 A:—Aa() plus)=2 $4? 34757 28422=? 42435=? 56+12=2 684+32=7 15-12=? A: +A (jiGn B; + i+ minus )+—2 9 >? 36-16=7 47-29=2 53-38=7 90-69=7 100-12=?7 4x3=2 A: wa(chéng, times)22 #42 B: WAZR+=. 4x5=2 3x! ox 8x4=7 9x8=7 4, 248953 Conversation practice [ik ane (1) Ay Per Talking about one’s family] BANAL BAT BA BA EH fo HI? 2 RA A o HRI RAN i e(2) Ar REE AIH SZ Zt? BARGER, MHS A: REER__ MR, 3) Ar HP MS DE? B, APA, Ar WEDHL $b? B: #3. (iF £E Talking about one’s university] (1) A: HATE RARK? a + MANE RAS YD) A? 2 MANE RAS YN) aL? 2 Mat ay & sh? RER ERK 2 RNA HEM SRS RAE 2 WAN AA RAP ED 2 BATRA SPE RMA AA? + RANA SPLIT RD 4 MMR REA SRS? 2 ATR e 2 AAA (EA SH? + BAN RP) ARDY ke) E ° + BERK BAIA + TURE. (2) QB) SPP Pe Pee Oe ee er oe -103-5. 3605459 Communication exercises (1) Introduce your family to your good friend. (2) Talk about your friend’s family. (3) One of your friends inquites about your department. How do you answer him/her? Mccann TARRMERG HE. WRAEEVA EE IY FE pote. WH BBT TA, APRA, RESYER, RWEKA, +H (nian, year) if (qiGn, ago) FIM AUGRT & , MAR, TARE RG (Yingyi, English), 3k 3 J Ris, BAT RAE RARER, WANA SA B BF (dizi), vk Ate BH RET hot FB BAAR (Being), TARRES ER ER MET RE MR EKES PRES ERREK,ATAIPA, DGB RAB P AM, ELAR A IEAM PAR PBA, dp BAAR PBEM TAP MAA IE ROPE, Take SEED RG IL eH He 8-H ER 2 Gingh), AeA Sh (Weiip ae Ze IE. AAITIE HE (chéngchéing, often) de 4p.3e EK RAVRZ PE, ae =4 Grammar 1, 11—100f) #39 Numbers from 11 to 100 nn +— Rts 19 +IU 20 =+ wat 2 29-1 30 =F + 39 S45, 40 B+ i i 89 ATI 9 HL 9 AF 100 81 At— 82 At ANE 92 APH 2. SCHHAIYESEIH Numeral-measure words as attributives In modem Chinese, 2 numeral alone cannot directly function as an attributive to modify a noun but must be combined with a measure word. All nouns have their own particular measure words. 104Nu + M + N E a A > t fata t= Es ot # By "4" is the most commonly used measure word, applied before nouns referring to People, things, and units, (It is read in the neutral tone). “3K” is usually used before ouns of objects with a flat surface such as paper, photographs, and business cards, The measure word “EI” is used to express the number of people in a family when it is combined with “A.". For example: “IFA”. In other cases, “4” should be used. For example: “4 WEB IOAEA.” One cannot say “FTBER OO A.” 3. “Fi” Sentences with “4” ‘The sentence taking the verh “#{" as the main element of the predicate usually expresses possession. Its negative form is formed by adding the adverb “3%” before “H", (Note: “7K” cannot be used here.) Its V-not-V form is “#24”. GR)+ A +0 If the subject of a sentence with “#3” is a noun indicating a work unit, place or location, this kind of sentence with “i” is similar to the English sentence pattem of “There is / are...”, 4. FASS" “>” HElA] Questions with “JL” or “Bu>” ‘The question pronouns “JL” and “2:4” are used to ask about numbers. “JL" is offen used to ask about numbers Jess than 10, and a measure word is needed between it and the noun, “22>” may be used to ask about any number, and the measure word after it is op- tional, JL+M+Nn 2 (4M) +N UMRAO AT TMB BD (PED RHA. RNBARATEE.KW. RE (oni 1. 22804449 (1) Structure of Chinese characters(1) Structurally speaking, Chinese characters fall into two categories: ‘The single-component characters and the multi-component characters. All of the basic Chinese characters we have Jeamed so far are simple-component characters, such as “A”, “F", "JJ", “ih", "ae", RA A, OK", OR", UE", OE". The multi-component characters consist of two oF more components, such as “2”, “83”, “#", “411”, “BB”, “GH”. The order of writing components in a character is similar to the stroke order of writing a character. ‘There are three basic types of configuration for multi-component characters: ‘The left-right structure D & Equal left-right; (the mumbers in the figure indicate the order of writing the ‘components. ) ae 1/2) AR b. Small lefichig right ’ 2 ny 2 | I ©. Big left-smnall right Th) a 2. USBAWF Leam and write basic Chinese characters a) JU) 2 I it how many 2 strokes ok “AFF X hé standing grain 5 strokes : (3) 44) 7 AN ge (measure word) 3 strokes wo B "TAA liéng two 7 strokes =106-oR wei have not OX -FKK quén dog 1 BB) "=DR yun — clouds oy Tat say sho. few; less ok +e shi person (0) RK PPP R ian to owe (iL) gy 7 2 4g xi evening a) F If bo divination <3) (+4) bai hundred “=tR 5 strokes 4 strokes 4 strokes 4 strokes 4 strokes 3 strokes 2 strokes 6 strokes 4 oy 3. WABWCHHLE Leam and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts Resi“ THSHR 7 strokes =107-a) #® fia Gee Rar tR roams {BY ik (The “roof top”, “=>”, denotes a hut. A hut with a pig -S represents a house. ‘The character “%" reflects the history of the ancient Chinese people advancing from hunting to animal husbandry.) + (sidiéndl) (The character “ character, and is called the “four-dots” bottom.) + * "4 strokes (2) RRA zhdopion RR A+ A + D+ BB strokes (The meaning part is *H”, and the phonetic part is “@”.) is written as “e»” at the bottom of a multi-component (3) # hé. fo > Ff +0 8 strokes ” (aiztu) (the “youngerbrother” top) > 2 strokes: (4) HH didi > + Br 7 aR) 7 strokes (5) 3& hdi (2) BO R+h 7 strokes (6) —# yigong Roe 6 strokes (1) FR meimei trot KR 8 strokes (The “female” side “i, indicates the character has a feminine connotation.) z (quanzipang) (the “dog” side) 7 J 4 3 strokes Ay (bGozit6u) (the “wrapping” top) 7 “7 2 strokes (8) 4 gou B>my+4y+e 8 strokes (*R" is the original character for “44”. Tt is written as “4” on the left side of tog chataeters indicating animals.)(dangzitéu) (the “matching” top) 1 1% 3 cokes Fl (héngshan) aaa 3 strokes: (9) 44% dangran (44%) Hovta 6 strokes Root Rts 12 strokes (The combination of a “flesh” side, a “dog” side and a “fire” side, indicating “to roast dog meat over the fire”, produces the character, “A”, which originally meant “burning”. Now this character carries other meanings.) (0) #& zhén hot +o+ , 10 strokes (Uy) TK keOi CB) Bore ty Rw 10 strokes Kom 7 "5H 4 strokes (12) & méi BRrpT+k 7 strokes 3) 8% non Fr-w+H 7 strokes (14) #& ZU0 woof tbe & LL strokes 7 zha 1 PI ae 5 strokes, (1S) L4 gongzuo Hoh + 7 strokes (16) 3% dudshao BOR+S 6 strokes7) $k xthuan (84) Bot Wt oe tH + OF Watches Kor, +R 6 strokes (On the left side of a multi-component character, the second stroke of “3” is written as an extended dot.) (18) 3h waiyt (¢h85) toe +eh 5 strokes SULAR Forms of Address for Family and Relatives While the Chinese words for “mother”, “father”, “son”, and “daughter” are used in ways similar to what we find in English, addressing siblings and relatives is fairly complex in Chinese. Two principles govern how Chinese family members are addressed: 1) relatives on the paternal side are distinguished from those on the mother’s side; and 2) age relative to the speaker is taken into consideration. The English words “grandfather” and “grandmother” can refer to grandparents on either the father’s or mother’s side. In Chinese, on the other hand, one has to indicate whether they are the father’s or the mother’s parents. The parents of one’s father are zufir “grandfa- ther” and zumu “grandmother” and are informally called yeye “grandpa” and nainai “grand- ma”. However, the terms for one’s mother’s parents are waizufu “maternal grandfather” and twaizumu “maternal grandmother”, and in spoken Chinese, waigong (or laoye), and waipo (or laolao), meaning literally “maternal grandpa” and “maternal grandma” respectively. In Chinese special terms indicate whether siblings are older or younger than the speak- er. For instance, instead of a term equivalent to the English “brother”, Chinese has gege “elder brother” and didi “younger brother”. Similarly, “elder sister” is jiejie, and “younger sister” is meimei. In Chinese, one must always be sure to differentiate between elder and younger siblings and use the correct term. =110-Have you ever wondered how Chinese celebrate thei birthdays? In this lesson we will talk about birthday |} eustoms in China, and you will lear how to ask the age | | and birthplace of others. You will begin Jeaming the days, || | weeks, months, and years in Chinese, and look at the | Chinese rodiar: animals, a remarkable creation of Chinese | cult fh 4B bw Ta jinnian érshi sui Eo ha: AK, he GAH? oR OR tee Wang Xidoytn; Lin Na, nf zénmeyang? Mang bu mang? a Mh: ASR ih Lin Na; Wo jintian hén mang. Eo dR: WR “+ %& A RA RY Wang Xidoydn; Mingtian shangwit ni ydu méiyou ka? tO: AR & BI? Lin Na: Mingtian shi xingqj ji? Eo oe: WR 2% Bawa, Wang Xigoyun; Mingtian shi xingajsi.aR OM: Lin Na; z A: Wang Xigoyun aR OM: Lin Na: EH we: Wang Xidoyvin; FR py Lin Na: Z a: Wang Xidoyun; ak Mp: Lin Na: z A: Wang XiGoyun: aOR, Lin Na, z De: Wang Xidoyun: OM: Lin Na: a KR be, FH tH FR. Wo shangwi, xiéwi dou you ka. % 2a A ati My? Ni xingqifi you shijian maz ZMH RIG? Xingqini shi ji haoz BMH A TASTES, RB Re H BE, Xingqiri shi shiyué érshigh hao, shi Song Hud de shéngri RX BIOWARE ZS KID Shi ma? Ta jinnian duo da? R S-hAS> HF FA ate Ho ha, Song Hud yi jit ba er nidn shiyue érshigi ri chushéng, By Pte AH H+ FB, sht gou. Td jinnian ershi sul, fe RMLAT © ” Ta shi nar rén? te Rae Ao th EE, WIG He A AH. TO shi Béijing rén. Ta baba, mama dou zai Bailing. SMB Fe BN ADRS, RE te Xingqi xiawii women ydu yi ge juhui, zhuhe ta de ZB, ALKA He Kt Rie KR Hm? shéngri. Libo, Dawéi dou qu, ni canjiG bu canjia7 AB TIR SR Hw, PH A 4A Tai ho le! Wd danaran canjia. Zhonggué rén shéngri * RA BP? chi dangdo maz % BH Chi dangao. HR R-AK BR, HB? Wo mdi yi ge da dangao, héo ma? (494) Making an appointment Lraeaneiees) ) ‘Asking about someone's })z a: Wang Xidoytin: Hao a. Wé mai lidng ping héngpuitaojit AE iy Now Wore 1 OF + 2B N N M +3. EAH QP 44 BR SRR 6 EH 7. EA + & FA ¥- 9. BF «10 iW. AA z 122. 3K & A 13. HAE Bi Jinnian nian sul zénmeyang fintian ke xingqr shangwit shang xiawit xia xingairi hao shénori shéng dué da duo da chishéng cho shi juhui hui zhthe zhu 3M RR A th AR. this year year 20024, 20004, 19984, —4, BIA year (of age) HY, FAY, OH, [PAY how is KAEAH, REAR today SRL, GREE class; lesson AUR, IIIR, SLR, —iR, BIE week M—, BM, BYUL, —PEsH morning BRL, —P he above; last FEM, LEM, EA afternoon REF, PEF below; next FEW, FEW=, FRA Sunday BSA LF, BM EEE day of the month EATS, +A birthday MEA, +E to be born how old 44E 2 how old to be born 198247: Hye to go out; to come out to be born in the year of JJ), J getogethers pany EARL, ATES meeting to congratulate #424 A to wish 11317. BAe v canjia to participate; to attend SANHS +18. 7 BR le (modal partical/aspect partical) 19. v cht to eat 20. EAR N dangao cake (BERR, PERAK & N dan egg # N gao cake ak v mdi to buy Sk AUR 22. Hh M ping bottle —JHi7K 23. LAAN hOngptitaojiti red wine — jc HARE a A hong red Ha N putao grape NEAT, AP 4 N jit wine or liquor 924, RAB PN Song Hud (name of a Chinese student) 25. AL PN —-Béijing Beijing 14 R #, wR 2a Song Hud, zhé shi shéngri wk AA RR! © Zhu ni shengri kudilésRm, Song Hud: % KA: Mé Dawei; T A: Ding Libé: itt, FAL RI. MINOR, AR Bx Xiexie. Dango zhén pidoliang. Nimen Idi, we hén gdoxing, AR RATE Hew, Hk BR vb vintiGn women cht Béijing kdoyd. Wé hén xihuan chi eH. O kaoya. MT BK Women hé shénme ji z VA: SR % OHHB, Ain wo #h, ® Wang Xideyun: Dangrén hé héngputagjit, weémen hai chi shoumian, ak Lin Na: RoR, Song Hud, aK OM, Lin Na; RB: Song Hud; % AH? Rk A ER, Chi shoumian? Zhen you yisi Km, 2 Rom Ke Lin Na, nf de shéngri shi nd tian +-A += 4, Shiylyue shi’ér hao. %, +-A += 3 A BRE 2m, Hao, shiyiyue shier hoo women zai Idi chi shoumign, FE i] Now Words 1 RR 2 RIE 3 ee *4. 1B 5. 6. Fi ® A kuaile happy 2e FRR A pidioliang pretty beautiful; nice BEECH, BER HONE N kGoya roast duck JL aH, me HERG N ya duck vo one to drink Ma 207, genni (KOFeI) Adv Zi again FLK, FE, FR, Pat ShOumian (birthday) longevity noodles Aiki N mian noodles 17 15ED FEAE IR] Seprlementany Words 1. WEE N wanshang evening 2 PR N zhdngean Chinese food 3. BR N xican Western food 4a N cha tea 3. TR N kéle coke 6 EB N xuébl 7. iG N paid 8. RE N hanb&éo 9. hw N régdu 10. HE N mianbao a N niGindi milk 12. RR N mifan (cooked) rice ‘This is also a form of greeting used among acquaintances and friends, and is similar to “ashepaye ” @ Rm ‘The phrase “2047 ” does not raise a question here, but expresses mild surprise on the part of the speaker concerning something that he/she does not know. For example: As TREO EAPO B: JENg7 Sometimes it expresses doubt, or modesty when receiving praise. (Sce Lesson Eleven.) D WOEBK? Here “2” is an adverb, followed by an adjective. The phrase “2 + A” is used to raise a question, and in this case “;k” refers to age. In asking about age in Chinese, one has to choose different forms for different groups of people. “#x4-4F 247" can only be used to ask the age of an adult, or people of the same generation as the speaker. When asking the age of a child, we usually say “#445 JL #7", and when asking the age of an elderly person or those older than the speaker, a more polite form has to be used, which will be taught in Lesson Eleven, 16@O RENAE ALE AE I It is customary for the Chinese to designate one’s year of birth according to twelve ani- mals, which are arranged in the following order; rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, ram, monkey, rooster, dog, and pig. ‘These form a twelve-year cycle. For example, the year 1982, 1994 and 2006 are all designated “dog” years. ‘The people who are bor in these years are said to “belong to the year of dog”, which, i Chinese, is written as “ [if 2". "The years 1988, 2000 and 2012 are dragon years. Those who are born in these years all “ji”. @ WAM ILA? This is an expression usually used to ask someone's place of birth, It can also be said as “HUAEILA? ", with “JE” omited; and in answering “BBJL", it is usually necessary to specify a province, city, or county. When asking about nationality, we use the expression “MEAS” © Pi AHR! This is familiar form of expression used to give greetings to someone on his/her birth- day. “BAR lating in advance”, whereas “U4 fii---" is commonly used to congratulate someone on some- thing that is already known or has already occurred. For example: As RF RMR (i’hGn, to get married). B: BRM! is used to express good wishes, sometimes with the implication of “congratu- D BARBIE. A verb or a verbal phrase can funtion as the object of the predicative verb. For example; ABE BL. REREAD. © RNC. When celebrating birthdays, a traditional Chinese custom is to eat “longevity noodles”” ‘The length of noodles symbolizes “longovi 17-Karol KEY SENTENCES 1 HFS RE 2 HE FoTF 3. BARNS? 4, BMELERABRAR? MORAL HP A APES . RE-AK EA, HG? - RR tH a 1. SABEF ANAL Master the following phrases CQ) FREF WAFS AAAGELF EBM LEMS LEMS PE BME> BMAPS AALS PS FEM FEMA FEMS EF (2) -AGOF ee KNEE A RG ALO LE AAAS RP SOOOFR RK HR FH OO=F aE G3) -ARK AMARA RRMH ZDMA —PR AED () REOER AEE ATO RS HEE ZRH (5) SHER AER HGH RH 2. 4A Pattern drills (1) A: SRACLA LF? 2002 2002 2002 B: —AAF, SRATOAAT no 8) |e ol lt ok Ar MAR BMIL? nooowl law ml l— a B: WRRAME, mw» al ix =lla = * RAREMR? 2A x -==maxA : PRES Ms ETB, 1234567 A: BM ERA AR? 8 910121314 B: REF AR, FPRAR. 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28(4) (5) (6) (7) (8) PP ee Spe Pp Pe Pe Pee Pe : BMARPOAPLE, BSAA? : HAMAR. WOLAME RE? BILE, Me 2 PALA BY 2 RARLFER OH, WINGER? RFAATAR LE, FA=FRAHNI FALFREM—, EMA SRE RFI « has ERM RI RH AD ASABIF. BRMILAD REMRAS HOR EAA? ACRARIR FE 0 2 He BAe KG RY RRS, RKB ese HBB AFH? : PT, RRM ANK EA. AME AERNgU) | BM $id BSA ER BMA Mw b> BME Ei (Shanghai) #44 (Wengéhud) $ #2 $ (Dudlinduo) 42.44 (Nillyué) 4e% (Lundin) 5H THR (kele) 2m B (xuébi) AHF (pili) AAS Hi (regou) FA UE (hdnbao) A+ & (midnboo) -119-3. EIS FAME Answer the following questions (1) —#ALAA? 2) —FASYRBIMI (3) —PEMALK? CA) +-ARS TRE (5) +-AALABMK? (6) SALAS? ZH? (7) BMRANG? (8) BMA ARMA A? (9) HERG AY (10) 49k HE (cha)? 4. 2G 455] Conversation practice [442 Making an appointment) Cl) A: REA? RET B. eT 2 BAK PAA wT TG? HAS, FFB? : KET RARE, TAFE AB? +=FREMS3? 2 BR, FAFREMG, MIF FHARS MRA RB A? : tA 48 (duibuqi) , , 48 (kOngpa) % 47 (xing) . : HX A(méi guanxi),, (2) >RO > mo > o> (i148 i1its 4:4) Asking about someone’s age and birthplace} (1) Ar MASAI Bi REFATA(F)« 2 A ED RMB AY : DRARMAD. 2 RAE ARR! 2 BE, p> o>(2) A: BRMILA? : #& Li (ShOnghai)A, 2 ESAs AE so? BROAN, A: B A B: Ar fel apseeeyy B A B A B 2 A AEA ARE, 2 APTA RF (Ndizi)-y? 2 RA AERF + EIR? ae, (3) (#244 A Celebrating someone's birthday} C1) A: FARMER A A AMADRS MRR B. RYRR. FH? ALM! RR, B: AT ANS H HG teR EA, (2) A: DRAM MAA RA DRY B: itt. tka, RRB. 5. 3€0%G523 Communication exercises ‘Your friend is tying to make an appointment with you. Please reply according to your schedule for next week; [ ee I a ee Er | tose | octin [me | ie | ame a3 ae aR 4B Fe agi [RT oa | | ee ht: tk " wanshang| AAC youyong ina i ! =121-Reading Cor hension and Para RERBH (ING) AOA AKA, 192, ASE ap CARMATE, BMAF HOM AMA-ARA, Ep AAI, THA LAA RAR HE EE (didn, store) eH fo Ap i BS 8) MAUR AR PAR RH ake z+ A TAF REMMAMAN ARCA Foe, _— ee Hepp sy ooo | ne | e Fate EG | fu Ue |e Taney 1. 4F,AA HALES Expressing the date and days of the week In Chinese, the four figures making up the name of a year are read out as four sepa- ate numbers and “4E” is put at the end. For example; TIME yi iii jit ba nign =000% @r ling ting ling nién =00=%% er ling ling ér nidn =O-O%# er ling yi ling nian The names of the 12 months are produced by combining the cardinal numbers 1 to 12 with “Fl”. For example: —Aoyiyue January +A qiyue July =A eryue February AFL bayue August =A sanyue March RA jityud September UAL siyue April +A shiyue October HA woyue May +—A shiyyue November AB lityu® June FHA shi’éryue December ~122-‘The names of the dates are produced by combining cardinal numbers 1 to 30. (or 31) with “G"(spoken form) or “El” (written form). For example: ([As (éryua) lid hao February 6 FATS (shlyue) shi’ér hao. October 12 (shfyiyue) ershr’er ri November 22 (FIA)Et+—A (shPeryue) sanshiyi ri December 31 Hf one mentions a date in the current month, one can omit “f)” and simply say “+5”, ‘The cardinal numbers from 1 to 6 follow “S28” to express Monday to Saturday. ‘The name for Sunday is “HMA” (spoken form) or “SIH” (written form) S28)— xingqlyl Monday 2H xingqiwi Friday B= xingai’er Tuesday HMMA xinggilid Saturday B= xingqison Wednesday #2418 xingqiri Sunday, 2900 xinggisi Thursday ‘The word order for expressing the date and days of the week is + A+ H+ SO0O#+ A= +HH 20004 = 124 25H BB 2. PUM AVE YEARIA Words expressing time as adverbials Words expressing time, such as “BUTE”, “SR”, “Fp, =1" can function as adverbials to indicate the time of occurrence of an action or a state. Adverbials of time (Time-When) can be placed either (1) after the subject and before the main element of the Predicate or (2) before the subject to emphasize the time. S + TW + VO/A Predicate Subject | |———_— — pe TW qT Vosa ts anne | om | oa R LEE BA BR | A “A HR m2 RE 19824101278 HES | R SR id the | | ~123-Time words Subj i unit —_s o vy a if RL t aie Ry BMA RE Feit A —TRE. OR | Rn Me ACS AS, Rf WOK me ai. SR R cs the Note: 1. Adverbials of time (Time-When) can never be placed after the predicative verb. For example, one cannot say “FREAK”. 2.1 there is more than one word expressing time in one adverbial, a large unit of time should be put before a smaller unit, For examples“) E4-”, “S23 A R4e", 3. 4:iHHH4) Sentences with a nominal predicate Nouns, noun phrases, and mumeral-measure words can function directly as the predicate of a sentence and do not need the verb “JE”. This kind of sentence is especially used to ex- ress age, price (see Lesson 10), and so on. In spoken language, it is also used to express time (see Lesson 11) or birth place. S + Nu—M Subject = —— a SR, HOR TAB. 4. AKERS? "HEIL Using “W137 ” to ask a question Questions with “BF?” are often used to give @ suggestion or to ask for an opinion. ‘The first part of such a question is a declarative sentence, and its last part can also he “nf bung”. BAIR —T ABA MEG FRA: (youydng) , 057 BEER , PILL? Some examples of affirmative answers are; “#7 WM", “WE”, “RIFT”. 1241. 3-FH)4774(2) Structure of Chinese characters (2) ‘The left-right structure @) a, Equal left-middle-right alah iit HR 2. WGHANF Leam and write basic Chinese characters a4 7 KAY jin present day 4 strokes 0) FE CTE & oe nién year 6 strokes oR UP SPER qué fruit 8 strokes wk — rab q he(his); she(her) 8 strokes , wo) E PkE : shang — above 3 strokes J (Placing “E” on wp of “=" means “above”.) © + 7 Ede wo noon 4 strokes aw moet oh gh ah ¥, hd to go/come out 5 strokes YY “eg he (CLI denotes a cave, and “4” denotes one foot stepping out of the cave.) 8) WH (4a) Oh th ign noodles 9 strokes -125-0 P 7 3P shT corpse 3 strokes (“FP denotes a dead body or a carcass.) ao) ¥ 77 le (particle) 2 strokes ay K(k) >) Toe chong insect; worm 6 strokes a2) FF TUT Ta er car 6 strokes as) & 0+ 4, qt to beg 3 strokes (a) HR EPR mt rice 6 strokes (The four dots in “A” stand for grains of rice.) 4) AG) > HK tou head 5 strokes as) BR “TRE wo tile 4 strokes a@ 3. WRRX'PHMF Leam and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts a) # sul (a) H¥rw+ ys (2) & 44 zénmeydng (4 RAR) Got S Hose ~126-(3) #R ke (aR) RRO T+ RR 10 strokes (4) 29 xingai BoP +e 9 strokes wo H+ H 12 strokes, “F (haozidl) (the “number” bottom) — a 2 strokes: (5) % hao (#) FOR+t se 5 strokes (6) & shit Ui) ho P+- tke yy 12 strokes Ait) 1A AR 6 strokes (1) R& juhul GRP) RoR tam 14 strokes BoOALE 6 strokes # (shizipéng)(the “manifestation” side) " 7 4 # — 4 strokes (8) #03 zhuhe (42%) PL # + 9 strokes Ro-A+a+ sD 9 strokes (9) chi Grates 6 strokes (to use mouth “12” to eat “*6") RK (pizit6u) (the “foot” top) ~ T FF xf, 5 strokes (10) &4% dangao Eo Rt & 11 strokes Hea Fo 4k 16 strokes (On the left side of a character, the sixth stroke in “3K” is written as a dot.) 12~ (henggdu) (w horizontal stroke wi (il) & mai CH) Kora (12) fi ping HL” +H +R (13) &« héng (42) woe +n ** (ctiozit6u) (the “grass” top) == 9* Bt -rnnahe 4 tu PPLe eR (14) #2 putao Ao +e Dt Breet & Byou "Tanne (15) 38 jit Bo +8 D (Onis) (the “three-downward-stiokes-to-the-left” (16) 49 canjia (4Ac) Brh+kK+3 (17) 4B Song Hud (##) ROO FR Bo + + da oiaa (18) ab Béijing a> 4+ 128 a hook) 1 stroke 6 strokes 10 strokes 3 strokes: 7 strokes 6 strokes 12 strokes LL strokes: 7 strokes 10 strokes 3 strokes 8 strokes 7 strokes 6 strokes 3 strokes 5 strokes