(=) Se cya = au MADE EASY workpook Strength of Materials + Structural Analysis + Engineering Mechanics mADE EASY Publicati éght Subject io MADE EASY Publeacra, Naw Osh, Nort ofhisbook may be reproduce oriised many fonm aioMADE EASY WOFKDOOK | | | \ | 3 Unit Properties of Materials Simple Stress-Strain & Elastic Constants. Shear Force and Bending Moment .. Principle Stess-Strain & Theories of Failure... Deflection of Beams = Bending & Shear Stresses in BEAMS nnn Thick & Thin Cylinders and Spheres Torsion in Shafts & Springs Theory of Columns = shear Centte, Moment of Inertia & Principle Axis Section-#: Structural Analysis. Section-C: Engineering Mechanics 9000 50-1 1 09 05, 25 3021 | | Strength of Materials + Structural Analysis + Engineering Mechanics (© Copyig: Susjctmatorio MADE EASY Pubcations, New Dh. Moppartfths ook maybe reproduced ween any farm wituthevaten paissonProperties of Materials * Basic concepts © Stress-strain diagrams in tension & compression test for Mild Stee! & other metals, © Characteristics of metals for ex. ductility, malleabiliy, resistance, toughness, hardness, creep, fatigue, indurance limit Elastic Constants & Hooke's Law ‘* Stress-strain relation. Hooke's Law, stress- strain tensor. «Elastic constants and their relationship * Elastic elongation of bars due to applied Load and self weight effect. * Thermal stresses in prismatic bars and compound bars, nut bolt problems. Shear Force and Bending Moment + Typos of supports, types of beams, loads acting on beams, stability and basics of indeterminacy. + SF. its sign convention, BM, sian convention + Analysis of statically determinate beams and frames © Draw SFO & BMD for ditterant type of beams & loadings. Using SFD draw loadings & BMD Using BMD draw loading & BMD ‘+ Inter relationship between SF, BM and loading, 4, Transformation of Stresses & Strain (Principle Stresses) * Principle planes, principle stresses & strains, their applications and definitions Strength of Materials Tea Description Sheet 2 eEEnEEEIEEI EEE * Derivation of equation to find normal & shear stresses on different planes and to compute principle stresses & angle of principle planes * To find maximum shear stress & planes of maximum shear + Mohi's circle for stress & strain + Sirain Rosettes Deflection of Beams Note : This topic fs neither mentioned! in GATE 2016 nor in ESE - 2017 syllabus, how ever basic concepts of deflection are required to solve question of SF & BM, and also to deal matrix mathod in structure analysis. © Standard results of slope and deflection for varius type of loads & beams, * Double integration method, Area moment theorem, conjugate beams method. superposition theorem to find siope & deflection, Maxwell reciprocal theorem. Bending & Shear Stress Distribution in Beams * Assumptions in pure bending/simple bending. * Pure bending, circular & non circular bending, * Bending equation analysis, mament of resistance * Bending stresses distribution in beams. * Flitched beam and Bending stress in compound beams ‘© Shear stress equation, distribution of stress and derivation of standard equations for shear stiess.|. Pressure Vessels | Civil Engineering Torsion of Circular Shafts ‘* Assumption in the theory of pure torsion © Torsional rigidity, sign convention of torsion, torsional mament diagram. * Distribution of torsional shear stress in solid, Hollow & Tubular shafts + Shafts in series & Parallel * Prismatic, tapered, determinate shafts and their analysis. * Pulley belt system, strain energy in shafts (Solid & Hollow) * Computation of twist angle and determination of torsional reactions in indeterminate shafts. Theories of Failure ‘+ Various type of theories of failure, and their applications * Suitability of theories for various type of metals. Note: Not mentioned in syllabus of GATE 2076 ‘+ Basic concepts and formulae of Thin & Thick Cylinder and Sphere Boneo NTSB RON SOBRENITTS ASW SOWA 01 OHIEW DETERS in psoNpOIe: 6a Fru HOON SI ured venir Ba) Fou WiO) AUP UDA Publications * Strength of Materials MADE EASY aoe oem PUbHESHGNE 10. Columns & Springs Note: Springs are not mentioned in syllabus of ESE 2017 & GATE 2016 + Euler's theory, Assumptions, Slenderness ratio, Buckling stress, Modes of Failure. + Rankine’s theory * Eccentric loading in columns, Kern & its Application * Springs, 10 find equivalent stiffness, Closed coiled helical spring (equation & formulae) 11, Shear Centre and Shear Flow © Shear centre for various cross-section © Shear flow 12. Moment of Inertia © Momentot inertia © Productof inertia * Principle axisat a2 a3 Properties of Materials le Choice Questions The following observation refer 10 two metal specimens ‘A’ and’B’ of the same size subjected to uni-axial tension test upto failure 1. The elastic strain energy of Ais more than that of 8 2. Area under stress strain curve of A is less than that of B. 3. The yield strength of A is more than that of. 4, The percentage elongation of A and B at elastic limit are equal Which of the following statements is true in this regard? (a) Specimen A is more ductile than specimen B. (b} Specimen B is more duetile than specimen A. (c) The ductility of two specimens are equal (d) The data is insufficient to compare the ducilities of the two specimens. The material in which large deformation is possible before absolute failure by rupture takes place, is known as @) Ductile (©) Brittle Tp orp aidor oq fn Woe Bowed ON "uba Mon SUED LEVESON REIN BOTARS BINED (b) Plastic (d) Elastic [ESE : 2011] The stress-strain curve for an ideally plastic material is a4 as 2 3 £ @) 4 (b) # Sian Sirsa | 3 £ i © 6 (9) Stain ‘Strain [ESE : 1995] Assertion (A); in a tensile test on a specimen, true stress in the specimen is more than the nominal stress Reason (R): Grip of universal testing machine introduces stress concentrations (a) both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A (b} both A and R are true but Ris not a correct explanation of A (©) Aistrue but Ris talse (c) A is false but Ris true [ESE : 1999] Elastic limit is the point {@) up to which stress is proportional to strain {b) at which elongation takes place without application of additional load up to which if the load is removed, original volume and shape are regained al which the toughness is maximum [ESE : 2003} © @)6 Civil Engineering © Strength of Materials MADE EASY Q.6 Which one of the following pairs is NOT correctly (d) The greatest strain energy stored in a unit matched? ° volume of a material without permanent {a) Visco-elastic - Small plastic zone material | 2 deformation is called proof resilience. {b) Strain hardening material : Stiffening effect 5 [ESE : 2017] fell at some stage 3 | Q.9 Modulus of toughness for mild steel under E] uniaxial tensile loading is given by the shaded portion of the stress-strain diagram as shown in (c) Orthotropie material : Different properties in three perpendicular directions (d) Isctropic material : Same physi property in all directions at a point a « Sn o (ESE: 1998] |< Nero Q7 Match List-l (Property) with List-1| 8 @ (Characteristic) and select the correct answer | = using the codes given below the lists ZI = aaa List e A. Fatigue & of B. Creep z C. Plasticity . (b) D. Endurance limit 3 List-I z 1. Material continues to deform with time under | $ s sustained loading urs 2. Decreased resistance of material o repeated | > "| % reversals of stress z 3. Material has a high probability of not failing | = o under reversals of stress of magnitude below | this level e = 4. Material continues to deform without any | {urther increase in stress _ ° Free Codes: 2 Nn 4 shear @ 2) 1\BEEE = (a) ) 2 1 3 4 e mena | © iE EI eta @ # 7 [ESE : 2003 (ME)] [ESE : 1999] | 2 | €.10 Consider the following salient pointsina stress- strain curve of @ mild steel bar Yield point = 1 Q.8. Which one of the following statements is correct? | 2 2. Breaking point (a) The strain procuced per unit volume is called | * 3. Yield plateau resilience, 3 4. Proportional limit (©) The maximum strain produced per unit | 3 5. Ultimate point volume is called proof resilience z The correct sequence in which they occur while (©) The least strain energy stored in a unit |* testing the mild stee! bar in tension trom initial volume is called proot resilience zero strain to failure is MADE EASYMADE ERSY (a) 4,1,2,3and5 (©) 4,1,3, Sand 2 ° [ESE : 2011] |> Q.11 Consider the following statements: e 1. Ifonly shear stress is acting then volume of | ;, the specimen does not change. & 2. () 1.4,3,5and2 | @ 1,4,2.3and5 The ultimate shear strength observed from shear stress-strain curveis almost the same as ultimate normal strength abserved from normal stress-strain curve. For an isotropic material, number of independent and distinct elastic constants are 9, 7a pasngesd ag Feu wana aul OEE 3 MADE ERSH Workbook 7 Which of the above statement(s) is(are) CORRECT? (@) tand2 (©) 1and3 (6) 2only (d) 1 only Numerical Data Type Questions Q.12 An aluminium rod with semi-circular cross: section of radius y= 12 mm is bent into the shape of cifcular arc of mean radius, R= 2.5m. Knowing that the flat face of the rod is turned towards the centre of curvature of the are, then, the ratio of maximum tensile and compressive bending stress in rod is __Q2 a3 Multiple Choice Questions Simple Stress-Strain & Elastic Constants Consider the displacement field given below. \What ig the shear strain at point P(1, 2, 0)? u=[(ay)]i+(Gyz)/+(6+8x°)k] x10? (a) 0.12,0.12,0.16 (b) 0,0,0.12 (c) 0,0.16,0 (a) 0, 0.06, 0.32 For the compound circular bar as shown below, the ratio of the magnitude of stresses in the portion AB : BC : CD will be A e ¢ > Leal Ui | Lie} | Fat D - oO se Be at ta a) 132 {b) 1:52:34 4:2 () 4:2:1 in a material under @ state of plane strain, a 10x 10 mm square centered at a point gets deformed as shown in the figure “ somm a4 MADE EASY Ifthe shear strain y,, at this point is expressed as 0.001 (in rad), the value of kis (@) 050 (b) 0.25 (©) 0.28 (d) -050 [GATE : 2017] An elastic bar of length £, unit sectional area A, coefficient of thermal expansior @., and Young's modulus E is fix ends. The temperature of the bar is inc by T. resulting in an axial stress o. Keepin other parameters unchanged, if the length of the bar is doubled, the axial stress would be @ o (0) 26 © 056 (a) 0256 [GATE : 2017] Abar of 40 mm diameter and 400 mm length is subjected to an axial load of 100kN. It elongates by 0.150 mm and the diameter decreases by 0.005 mm. What is the Poisson's ratio of the material of the bar? (@) 0.25 (©) 0.28 () 033 (0) 0.37 [ESE : 2006] Asteel rod, 2m in length, 40 mm in diameter, is subjected fo a pull of 70 kN as shown in the figure 7oKN<— Sm Towhat length should the bar be bored centrally from one end so that total extension willincrease by 20% under the same force (the bore diameter is 25 mm and Eis 2 x 10° Nimm?y?MADE EASY (a) 046m {b) 055m. (©) 087m (d) 062m [ESE : 2014] Q7 Three mass m, 2m and 3 mare attached by citcular cross-section tod and rotated around a vertical axis on a frictionless pane at 4 rad/s as shown in figure. Consider the mass to be concentrated as points, for equal stress in all the three rod the cross-sectional area of the rod in the three seginent will be in the ratio of fa) 32204 (©) 14:19:98 (b) 95454 (d) None of these Q.8 A rod shown in the given figure is such that the over partis made of stee! and the upper partis, made of copper, Both the ends of the rod are rigidly clamped. Ifan axial force Pis applied at the junction of the two metals, given that the ratio Esice/Eggpper48 qual to 2, then the force in the copper end would be (@) FiStension (b) PStension (©) PiScompression (d) A'S compression [ESE : 1993] A chain, working a crane, has sectional area of 625 mm and transmits a load of 10 KN. When the load is being lowered at a uniform rate of 40 m/min, the chain gets jammed suddenly at which time the length of the chain unwound is 10 m. Assuming E = 200 GPa, the stress induced inthe chain due to this sudden jamming is ag Workbook 9 (@) 100.6Nimm? ——(b) 120.4 Nim? e (©) 140.2Nimm? —(d) 160.0 Nimm? e [ESE : 2017} } | Q.10 uniform T-shaped arm of weight W, pinned o about a horizontal point C, is supported by a = vertical spring of stitfness K. The extension of e the spring is K lA 8 f° 4 4 + 1 ——+ fle ee le of (80 Reh SUORSIRT ASV SOW 81 I aw aw 2 @ Fe ©) 3K = 3k AK © aw ® aw [ESE : 2017] Q.11A steel rod, 2 m long, is held between two walls and heated from 20°C to 60°C. Youngs modulus and coefficient are 200 x 108MPa and 10x 10"C respectively. The stress induced in the rod, if walls yield by 0.2 mm, is (a) 60MPa tensile (b) 80 MPa tensile (o) 80 MPa compressive (d) 6OMPa compressive peanpontor Ba Feu yoou Su To [ESE : 2014] Ave Q.12 Ifthe rigic rod fited snugly between the supports as shown in the figure below, is heated, the stress induced in it due to 20°C rise in temperature will be (a = 12.5 x 10°C and E=200GPa) 40mm9 A= 50KNIm (b) -0.07945 MPa (@) 0.03972MPa osm—=1 (@) 0.07945 MPa (©) 0.03972 MPa [ESE : 1999] ears EH Rees eres ebcesatse?10 Q.13 A bar of capper and steel form a composite system which is heated through a temperature 1 40°C. The stress induced in the copper baris (@) Tensile (b) Compressive (©) Both tensile and compressive {d) Shear [ESE : 2012] Q.14 Arod of length / having uniform cross-section area Ais subjected toa tensile force Pas shown in the figure below. If the Young's modulus of the material varies linearly from E, to E, along the length of the rod, the normal stress developed at the section-SSat 6 (3 e— | Lp t = 2 P PAE, E>) Oy (0) AE, +E) aoa ae © ae © 7 [GATE : 2013] Q.15 Amember ABCDis subjected toa force system ‘as shown in the figure As co 265 480 oo t—r139 ‘The resistive force in the part BCis (@) 365(comp.) —_(b)._450 (tensile) (©) 85 (comp) (d) 320{comp.) [ESE : 2014) Q.16A cube having each side of length a, is constrained in all directions and is heated Uniformly so that the temperature is raised to T°C. Ifaxis the thermal coefficient of expansion of the cube material and E the modulus of elasticity, the stress developed in the cube is, Civil Engineering Strength of Materials Takaes © eva san = WRG NEN BOW Ted ON Tow w paauan 70 pasnplas 0a Tass ued Uae MADE EAsY alE aE ae ©) G2) ale olE © ar ) Ayan, [ESE : 2003 (ME)] Q.17 ABC is a rigid bar. It is hinged at A and suspended at Band Cby twowires BDand CE made of copper and steel respectively, is the given figure. The bar carries a load of 12 at F, mid-way between B and C. Given, 4om®, A, = 2 om?, E. = 1 x 10° kgicm’, 2.x 108 kglem?, P, is the force in the steel wire and P, is the force in the copper wire, the ratio PJP, will be s shown am ee ut a @ 05 ©) 4 (©) 0.25 (d) 2 Q.18A bar produces a lateral strain of magnitude: 60 x 105, when subjected to tensile stress of magnitude 300 MPa along the axial direction ‘What is'the’élastic modulus of the material, if the Poisson's ratio is 0.3? (a) 100GPa (b) 150 GPa {c) 200GPa (d) 400 GPa [ESE : 2009] Q.19 The stres-strain curve for an unknown material is shown in the Fig. 1 given below. If an Increasing load is applied on a cylindrical rod made of same material, at the time of yielding, strain guage shows that change in diameter for entire length is 0.1%. The yield stress (in Nim?) of material is [Take E = 2 x 108Nimin?] MADE EASY600 © jane aaTa7S Fae (@ 200 (b) 250 (©) 350 (a) 400 Q.20 Consider the following statements +. The energy stored in a body, when strained within elastic imitis known as strain energy. 2. The maximum strain energy upto elastic limit which can be stored in a body is termed as proot resilience, 3. The proof resilience per unit volume of a material is known as modulus of resilience. Which of the following statements are wea man malaha AS¥S TOW CORRECT? (a) Tand2 (b) 2and3 () tand3. (@) 1,2and3 Q.21 The stress at @ point in a body is given by 5 oie o=|3 —1 O|MPa 20 4 If Young's modulus of elasticity, £=2 x 10° N/mm?, Poisson’ ratio, p = 0.30, then normal strain in x-direction is (@) 205x105 tb) 41x 10% (6) 605x 10 — (d) 31x 10% Tava pee ane peanpalds a Few yoo siayo 0.22 The modulus of rigidity and the bulk medulus of a material are found as 70 GPa and 150 GPa respectively. Then 4, Elastic modulus is 200 GPa 2, Poisson's ratio is 0.22 3, Elastic modulus is 182 GPa 4, Poisson's ratio is 0.3 woaaied vam Workbook 41 Which of the above statements are CORRECT? (a) tand2 (b) tand4 (0) 2and3 (@) anda Q.23 A slender bar of 100 mm? cross-section is subjected to loading as shown in figure. If the modulus of elasticity is taken as 200 x 10° Pa, then the elongation produced in the bar will be rT [ 20 toto 00K = [a ism —— 10m = Sreaane! fa) Zer0 «) 1mm (b) 0.5mm (¢) 2mm Q.24 Assertion (A): A material is incompressible if its Poiseon’s ratio is 0.25. Reason (R): The bulk modulus is related to modulus of elasticity and Poisson's ratio as per well known relationship. (a) both A.end Rare true and Ris the correct explanation of A (6) both A and Rare true but H is nota correct, explanation of A (©) Alstrue but Ris false (d) Aisfalse but Ris true Numerical Data Type Ques’ Q.25 The beam of an overall depth 250 mm (shown below) is used in a building subjected to two different thermal environments. The temperatures: at the top and bottom surfaces of the beam are 36°C and 72°C respectively. Considering coefficient of thermal expansion (ai) as 1.50 x 10 * per °C, the vertical deflection af the beam (in mm) at its mid- span du to temperature gradient is eC — "250 mm ee fe. m—}e — 1.5m —"4} [GATE : 2014]12 Civil Engineering © Strength of Materials Q.26 A 200 mm long, stress free rod at room temperature is held between two immovable rigid walls. The temperature of the rod is uniformly raised by 250°C. If the Young's modulus and coefficient of thermal expansion are 200 GPa and 1 x 109°C, respectively, the magnitude of the longitudinal siress (in MPa) developed in the rod is 28 [GATE : 2014] ‘A. composite bar fixed at both ends is maceup of aluminium and steel, Cross-sectional area of aluminium is twice the cross-sectional area of steel, which is represented by A. An axial load is applied at the junction of aluminium and steel bar as shown below in the diagram. Q.27 “ea ON RO MAH SUNY ASV IOV OY TEU Fa Elongation in length of aluminium baris oy a } where wis “ro Young's mosis of lati for steel) _ 20 "Young s moculus Easticy of alumni 5 Q.28 The stress-strain relation for a material is |= approximately given by 3 Tae a 2am 0.008 Stain The elongation for a bar made up of this material of diameter 50 mm and length 2 m under axial tension of 300 KN is mm ‘Teaiwied uayiow am) Fe MADE EASY Q.29 An alloy named SMARKD, fails at 30% strain level, whose stress-section relationship is given by the equation y= ar + by, where, yis stress in Nim, xis strain ‘a’ and 'b’ are contants whose magnitudes are —7727 36 Nimrr? and 9276.6 Ninm? respectively. The yield stress ofthis alloy is Nimm [Take 0.2% proof stress] Q.30 A tapered circular rod of diameter varying from 20mm to 10 mm is connected to another uniform circular rod of diameter 10 mm as shown in the following figure. Both bars are made of same material with the modulus of elasticity, E = 2 x 10° MPa, When subjected to a load P = 30m KN, the deflection at point Ais mm. 6,= 20mm f io 8 = 10mm A square rigid plate is hung froma rigid support by means of four steel bars of length 't’ and cross-section’, symmetrically arranged. A load Wis then hung from the middle of the plate ‘A steel rod of initial length °L ~ 8° and eross- section ‘a’ is now attached to the rigid support = cea) ication12. and heated ta a temperature 't°C’ above the normal so that it can be connected with the middle of the square plate. After connection, at normal temperature, itis found that the load in each of the four bars has been reduced by 20%. The four bars and rod are all vertical and the plate horizontal. If a represents the coefficient ‘of expansion of steel, then what is the value of “2 [Assume L >> 8] Ww 1 1 [~ Sea (=) Draw the diagram of normal forces, stresses and displacements along tne length of the stepped bar ABC shown in figure below. Cross-sectional area of AB = 100 mm? and of BC = 200 mm2, modulus of elasticity = 200 kN/mm [—>-50kN ic tm mt [Ans, Max. displacement = 3.75 mm] aoa = 7 peonpode) 8g feu yooq S18} Ved On WIbG MON SLORBITY ASW SOV Tie Buh MOGI WHO) AVE Ui BSI Workbook 13 The figure below shows three metal cubes A B, Cof side 100 mm in direct contact. resting on a rigid base and confined in x-coordinate direction between two rigid end plate. If the upper face of the center cube Bis subjected to uniform compressive stress of 0.5 kNimm?, compute for cube 8, the following: (i) The direct sires in.x-direction (a,) (i) The direct strains in the three coordinates direstions x, yand z (iii) The volumetric strain 9,= 05 kN Publications [Ans.(i) 0.041 kN/mm? I) 2.44108 (ii) 1.084 x 10°)a4 Multiple Choice Questions For the beam shown below, the magnitude of maximum bending r Shear Force and Bending Moment {6} All the members carry only sh 28 bending moment. (d) None of the above Bending moment diagram for the beam as shown in the figure below is =) 1SkN N/m J 7 senna om * 3m — mam |B ; lanl i Consider, hogging bending moment to be (a) 30kNm (o) 56:72 negative and sagging bending moment to be (e) 51.56kNm — (A) 64.32kNm posite Q.2 Consider the follawing statements with reference ‘othe portal frame as shown in the figure below. r—- Choose the correct statement. a) a P g el : até Ie \é = lh 7 P (by) “ a E — tM (b) Vertical members should be designed for | 5 * axial force only & horizontal member should || Q.4 Fora simply supported beam of lenath 7", the be designed for shear force & bending | + bending moment ‘M’ is described as moment é wowwemadeessypublicationsorg MADE ERSY ‘© CopyrightMADE ERSY Osxsf; where ‘a’ is Me a constant, The shear force willbe 2er0 at L ! @ x= (o) ¥=5 ! Ome @ =5 4 QS A beam ABC has simply supported span AB | 2 and overhanging span BC, The BMD for the | = beam is shown nelow: & g e The loading diagram for the beam would | © correspond to 2 im Bain © | fa @ ‘t 1 eu rou way AUR Ui DaBilan Jo peD"poIdey 94 Aa asad u made EAsy Workbook is Q6 A cantilever beam AB of length / carries a concentrated foad Wat its mid span ©. If the free end is supported on a rigid prop, then there is @ point of contra flexure fs s}—2 4 (a) between Aand C (b) between Cand 8 (0) one botween Aand Cand other between C and B (d) Nowhere in the beam 7 Match List-I (Type and position of toad on cantilever) with List-Il (Shape of bending moment diagram for cantilever) and select the ‘correct answer using the cades given below the lists: List-1 ‘A. Carrying linearly varying lead from zero at its free end and maximum at the fixed end B. Subjected to uniformly distributed load ©. Carrying concentrated load at its free end D. Whose {ree end is subjecied to bending moment List! 1, Parabola 2. Rectangle 3, Cubic parabola 4. Tangle Codes: ABCD (@ 3214 ) 4321 ) 3142 () 2413 Q.8 Consider the following statements with regard to the shear force diagram tor an overhanging beam simply supported at A and C16 | CWilEngineering The beamis carrying a uniformly distributed load of 2kIN/m throughout. The beam is carrying a udl of 2 kN/m over the simply supported span AC and ‘concentrated load of 2 kN at tho free end D. The beam is carrying a udl of 2 kNim over the supported span AC, and concentrated load of SkN at the centre of supported span AC and also a point load of 2kN atthe free end D. “The points of contraflexure cecur between the supported region AC and nearer to support C. Which of the above statemeni(s) is(are) CORRECT? (@ 1,2,3and4 (b) 4only (©) 2and3 (6) Sanda 9 Abeam ACBO, 6 mlong carries amoment and oad as shown in figute below. Haw many points of contraflexure are there in this beam? 2kN axum [= 2m ee 2m at 2m fa) 3 (1 tb) 2 (a 0 @.10 The bending moment diagram for @ beam is given below: © Strength of Mat jaa \GOInS HBDAGID (me ASva Sawa yous on wea man To peonpaiday aq fu ¥o9q 5 "MADE EASY eu MADE EASY Up 720 ee oSm05m 10m 10m The shear force at sections aa’ and bb’ respectively are of the magnitude (@) 100 kN and 150 KN (b) zero and 100 KN (©) zeroand 50 kN (d) 100 kN and 100 kN [GATE : 2005] Q.11 A curved member with a straight vertical leg is camying a vertical load at Z, as shawn in the figure. The stress resultants in the X¥ segment are (a), bending moment, shear force and axial force {b) bending moment and axial force only (©) bending moment and shear force only (@) axial force only [GATE : 2003) Q.12For the loading given in the figure below, Wo statements (I and II) are made, w ie Member ABcarries shear force and bending momentMADE EASY |. Member BC carries axial load and shear force Which of the following is true? (a) Statement | is true but Il is false (©) Statement is false but Il is true (©) Both statements | and Il are true {d) Both statements I and Il are false [GATE : 2002} miselane Q.13For the simply supported beam in the figure below, Cis the centre of the span. Cis also the point through which the resultant of the column load W passes. The colurm rests on the beam over a small length &!, symmetrically on either side of C. Whats the shearing force at C? 12 ip 00 ON Gje0 EN SIDIOIRTGASYS SOW) (a) wre ow (b) wa (d) Zero [ESE : 2007] Q.14 The bending moment at C for the beam shown’ in the figure kN i sa é i Je 18m—+e+—— 3.2m ——4 is (@) -3.2kN-m (©) ~4.4kNem (c) 62kN-m (a) 7.2m [ESE : 2014] Gar nowym Wo) Aue oy pesipya we peanBoIde) oa Ru Wooa STH Q.18.4 uniform beam of span & carries a uniformly distributed load 'w per unit length as shown in, the figure given below. The supports are at @ distance of ‘x’ from either end. What is the condition for the maximum bending moment in the beam to be as small as possible? MADE EASY Workbook 17 wunitiangth atonal pas ne! (a) r=0.107L (b) «= 0.207 (o) ¥=0.237L (@) x= 0.298 [ESE : 2005} Q.16 Match List-l (Type of beam with type of loading) with List-Il ( Max. BM Formula) and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists: List-! List-Il Bc oo @ 2 3 1 4 1 2 3 4 @ 4 3 1 2 @ 2 1 4 3 [ESE : 1997] Q.17 The bending moments at point A, Band C of the beam shown in the given figure will be18 Civil Engineering @ Strength of Materials 4KN —4KN Unsupported | hinge ° A B a 25 mala 25 mele 25 mele25 mal 30kN-m, 40 KN-m, 20 kN-m, 40 kN-m, 1OkNem and 10 kN-m 10 KN-m and ~ 10 kN-m 10 KN-m and ~ 10 kN-mn 40 KN-m and 20 kN-m [ESE : 1999] Q.18 Consider the following statements for the column with a bracket as shown in the figure given below: @ ) © @ ¥ af an | i te i | ¥ 1, Shear force is constant throughout 2. Maximum moment in the column is Pe 3. The compressive axial force in the column, 7 N MISG NON Sane ASV SOYA 01 81186 Fl yeo9 se is0.4P 3 Which of these statoments is/are corect? |= a) 1,2and3 () tonly (e) 1and3 (@) 2 only [ESE : 2005] Q.19 For the loading as shown in figure, which of the following represents the correct BMD? : — a — 9 42 __ i Se (d) None of the above Numerical Data Type Questions Q.20 The intensity of loading on a simply supported beam of 5 metres span increases uniformly from 8 kNim at left end to 16 kN/m at right end, The position of maximum bending moment from left end will be m Q.21 A beam ABC shown in given figure is horizontal The distance to the point of contrafiexure from the fixed end A is _ m. (Reaction developed at Ais 1 kNm) SEN 1 kN 2 a c orem 025m Q.22 Abeam AB, 9 mlong carries a linearly variable load, increasing from zero at A to 6 KN/m at C as shown below. The location of maximum) bending moment from Ais m. f>-——¢m =m Q.23 A cantilever beam OP is connected to another beam PQwith apin joint as shownin the figure. A load of 10 KN is applied at the mid-point of PQ, The magnitude of bending moment at fixed end Ois, kNm. 10KN {b)MADE ERSY Workbook 19 1. 72, Publications a : Try Yourself Consider the following figure 0 kN — 20KNIM Ltt 6m Draw the bending moment diagram for span AB. [Ans. Max. BM 660 kN-m] continuous beam ABCD ol total length'Sa’is fixed at A and has a simple support at point C distant ‘4a’ from A, The portion CD of lenath ‘a’ is an overhang. The beam carries uniformly your aalang WUOUATOD @ To\seur80 Letim ain INO wl0y ABB Ui BARN JO SeonpeIde eg APL ¥O0N BI 13. distributed {oad 'W per unit length throughout its lenoth anda concentrated load of magnitude 2.5wa at the free end D. Draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams, if there is a hinge at the mic-span point 8 of the span AC. Clearly mark the position of points of contratlexure. [Ans. M, = -3wa?] A beam ABCD is 24 m long and is simply supported at B and D, 18 m apart. A concentrated load of 20 kN at free end Aanda total distributed load of 120 KN, which varies linearly from p kN/m at the centre of beam Cto qkNNim at support D, is spread between Cand D.What are the values of ‘o' and‘q, so that the reactions at Band Dare equal? [Ans. 12.5 kN/m and 7.5 kN/m]Qa a2 Multiple Choice Questions Ata point in armaterial under stress, the intensity of the resultant stress on a certain plane is 50 MPaas shown in the figure, whichis inclined at 30° to the narmal of the plane. The radius of Mobr's cifcle for the given set of stresses for the given point is 26.62 units. (6, <9) Sy ae a 6 ro The inclination of the resultant stress to the normal stress on another plane at right angle to the previous plane is (@) (b) 4 () & (@ 7 The principle stresses at a point are 50 MPa (tensile), 60 MPa (tensile) and 20 MPa (compressive), Based on above principle stresses, a factor of a safety of 8 is observed when maximum principle stress theory is, applied, When maximum principle strain theory is used, the factor of salety will be Teoh BVO apo a4 MADE EASY Principle Stress-Strain & Theories of Failure (@ 261 (©) 4.62 (b) 353 (d) None ot these The side ADo! a squate block ABCD a: in the given figure is fixed at th under a action of simple shear causing shear < and shear strain 9. stress where °= Modulus of Rigidity(@)- The distorted shape is A BC’ D. The diagonal strain (linear) willbe @g (o) vo @o Assertion (A); A plane stale of stress always: results in a plane state of strain Reason (R): A uniaxial state of stres ina three-dimensional state of strain (@) both A and R are true and Ris the correct explanation of A both A and Rare true but R is not a correct s results ) explanation of A Ais true but Ris false Aistalse but Ris true ©) (a ‘e Copwaane:MADE EASY Workbook | 24 Q5 Sets of principle stress acting at any point ina stressed body are given below 1. 16.0) 2. [ooh 3. [9,-} 4. {6,62} The correct sequence of the ascending order of intensity of the maximum shear stress induced by the above sets will be heating srass Normal tense sitess Fig) Fig) iO Laae iby 2ate& 4 Shean stress Shearing sons (o) 1.3.4.2 (a) 2.4.1.3 Fi Bs [CSE : 1995] ‘Normal Q6 Match List-! with List-Il (with reierence to the aS given figure) and selectthe correct answer using Fi. Fiat) the codes oivelligaaag me lst Which of the above Mohr's citcle diagrams correctly represeni(s) the state of stress above the neutral axis of the beam? (@) Figure ji) ane (i) (b) Figure (i) and (i) (c) Figure (ii) and (iv) (2) Figure (ii) and (wv) an RREOIERG ASV BOW Compression 10 pe | we 1 ICSE : 2004] List-1 Ina pplane strain problem in X¥ plane, the shear A. Maximum principle stress a strain = 12 x 10 and the normal strainin Xand B. Minimum principle stress a ¥ direction = 0, For this state of strain, what is C. Maximum shear stress a the diameter of the Mohr's circle of strain? D. Normal stress on the plane of maximum | (a) 6x 10° (b) 8x 104 shear stress iS {c) 12x 10% (a) 24% 105 List-ll a [ESE : 2005] 1. ao 2| Q@.9 Acube is subjected to equal tensile stress on 2. 80 3 all the three faces.f the yield stress of the 3. 50 material is‘g,’ then based on the strain energy 4 180 theory, the maximum tensile stress will be 5. 130 Codes: a) ABCD @ 43 5 2 ) 425 3 © aw @ 45 12 [ESE : 1997] O) 2s 0 4 Q.10 Match List-! (Theory of Failure) with List-Il {CSE : 1996] (Predicted Ratio of Shear Stress to Direct Stress at yield Condition for Steel Specimen) select the correct answer using the code given below the Q7 A cantilever beam is loaded with a uniformly distributed load of intensity 'w along its entire ength. The span of the beam is 'L! - lists, (€éonmom ~ MADE EASY22 | 9? ©) h+h>2q (b) hh to) ad xd o> @ oo Q.17 A vertical column of mild stee| having self weight of 20 KN and dimensions as shown in, figure below is subjected to uniform axial compressive stress of 10 N/mm? at top. The column is 2m high and 20 mm square size at the top anc 40 mm square size at the bottom. The axial compressive stress (N/mm?) at bottom section will be (@ 125 {c) 225 (b) 15.0 (@) 30.0 Q.18 column of length 4 m, area of cross-section 2000 mm?, 1, = 720 cm’, fy, = 80 m4 is subjected to buckling load. Both the ends of 3 jang ab akoaa @ yo PeonRoldey eg Aruiyaoq Sian eyed oN WibO MeN SIOREOIATG ASWa BOW O pm uh nO r9y AUP WP Workbook | 47 the column are fixed. The buckling load of the column is KN. [Take E= 2.x 10° Nimm?] Q.19 Three identical, solid circular rods, each of radius rand length ¢, are placed together to form a compression member {see the cross section shown in the figure). sf 2 yf Assuming pinned-end conditions, the ratio of critical load P., when the rods are bonded together to act as a single member to that of rods acting as individual columns is. Q.20 Consider two axially loaded columns, namely, 7 and 2, made of a linear elastic material with Young's modulus 2 x 10” MPa, square cross section with side 10 mm, and length 1 m. For Column 1, one end is fixed and the other end is free. For Column 2, one end is fixed and the other end is pinned. Based on the Euler's theory, the ratio (up to one decimal place) of the buckling load of Column 2 to the buckling load of Column 1 is —___. [GATE : 2017) ‘Common Data Q.21 and Q.22 The horizontal beam ABC shown in the figure is supported by column 8D and CE, Each column is pinned at its upper end to the beam, but at the lower, ends, support D is fixed and support E is a guided support, Column BD is a solid steel bar of square cross-section with width 30 mm and column CE is a hollow steel bar of circular cross-section with inner radius of 25 mm and thickness 5 mm. The beam is prevented from maving horizontally by the pin support at end A. A uniformly distributed load of ‘q' KNim is applied on beam ABC as shown below. [Take E,iyg) = 2% 108 Nimm?] IDE EASYCivil Engineering Strength of Mate 48 je a re kN Q.21 The maximum value ofa), fer which the system doesn't collapse, is kim Q.22 Iq’ is equal to 12 kN/m and an extra point load 'Q' KN is applied on the beam, then the minimum value of °Q’ for which the system collapses, is kN: Try Yourself 1 A short column of hollow circular section is attached with 2 projection bracket carrying a load of SON. The load line is off the axis of the column by 100mm. What is maximum stress intensities in the column if it has an external diameter of 100 mm and internal ciameter of 75 mm? [Ans, 89.10 Nimm?] aAv3 SOURS: 22 ON TH80 WON MADE EASY MADE EASY T2, ‘Two identical rigid bars ABand BC ere pinned at B and C supported at A by a pin in a frictionless roller that can onty displace vertically, then determine the critical load of the system, [= A hollow cast iron column whose outside diameter is 200 mm has a thickness of 20 mm. It is 4.5 m long and is fixed at both ends. Calculate the ratio of Euler's to Rankine’s critical sy load, [For cast iron a= 550 MPa, = 555 = 94000 Nimm? | [Ans. 2.42]Multiple Choice Questions Q.1 For the section shown below, second moment of the area about an axis o/4 distance above 7 OB fo 2A 4B [GATE : 2006] Q.2. Consider the following statements: Ifa beam has two axis of symmetry even hen shear centre does not coincide with the centroid 2. Fora sectior 5 of symmetry, not caincide with the centroid but lies on the axis of symmetry. 3° Hraload pi the shear centre. then there will be only bending in the cross- isting. the shear centre de throu section and Which of these statements is/are correct? (@) 1,2and3 (bo) 1and2 (©) 2and3 (d) and 3. [ESE : 1995] | © copyight Shear Centre, Moment of Inertia & Principle Axis Q.3. Ina thin-wall T-section, the shear centre located al the point shown in ©) @ [ESE : 1995) second moment of a circular area about the ¥y (Dis the diameten). diameter is give abt aot « wy 228 @ ) 5 ) aot = © "> @ {GATE : 2003 (ME)] Numerical Data Type Questions Q5 Polar moment of inertia (/,), in om’, of a rectangular section having width, b = 2.m and depth, d= m is [GATE : 2014] “MADE EASY