Chapter 13 - Thermochemistry ChemQuest2018 @eacan ChemQuest 2018 Modul Analisis Bertopik Thermochemistry SPM 2003-SPM 2017 Disusun oleh: Giga Mohd Fazdli Bin Mohd Nor ‘SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkak, Johor Nama Sekolah Kelas ‘Modul ini hanya bertujuan untuk kegunaan dalaman sekolah sahaja. Tidak dibenarkan sebarang cetakan daripada modul ini untuk tujuan jualan To Excel in Chemistry is to Love ChemistryChapter 13 - Thermochemistry ChemQuest2018 44 Energy Changes in Chemical Reactions Perubahan Tenaga dalam Tindak Balas Kimia 4. [SPM2006-20] What is the meaning of heat of reaction? Apakah maksud haba tindak balas? A B c D ‘The energy needed to break the chemical bond. Tenaga yang diperlukan untuk memecahkan ikatan kimia ‘The energy needed to start a reaction Tenaga yang diperlukan untuk memulakan suatu tindak balas ‘The energy involved when change of state of matter happens Tenaga yang terlibat apabila perubahan keadaan jirim berlaku ‘The change in the energy contained in the products and in the reactants Perubahan antara tenaga yang terkandung dalam hasil tindak balas dengan tenaga yang terkandung dalam bahan tindak balas 2. [SPM2016-11] Which of the following is correct about exothermic and endothermic reactions? Antara yang berikut, yang manakah betul mengenai tindak balas eksotermik dan tindak balas endotermik? Exothemnic reaction Endothermic reaction Tindak balas eksotermik Tindak balas endotermik Heat is absorbed Heat is released Haba diserap Haba dibebaskan ‘Chemical bond is broken Chemical bond is formed Ikatan kimia dipecahkan Ikatan kimia terbentuk Temperature of surroundings increases Temperature of surroundings decreases Suhu persekitaran meningkat ‘Suhu persekitaran menurun Total energy content of productis higher | Total eneray content of reactant is higher than than total energy content of reactant total energy content of product Jumiah kandungan tenaga basil tindak Jumlah kandungan tenaga bahan tindak balas balas lebih tinggi daripada jumlah lebih tinggi daripada jumlah kandungan tenaga kandungan tenaga bahan tindak balas hhasil indak balas 3, [SPM2007-48] Diagram 16 shows the mercury level of a thermometer in reaction. Rajah 16 menunjukkan aras merkuri bagi suatu termometer dalam suatu tindak balas. bd — AY Before reaction After reaction ‘Sebelum tindak balas —Selepas tindak balas Diagram 16/ Rajah 16 Which of the following is true about the reaction? Apakah yang berikut, yang manakah benar tentang tindak balas itu? A B c D Endothermic reaction Tindak balas endotermik Exothemmic reaction Tindak balas eksotermik Bond breaking in the reaction absorbs energy Pemecahan ikatan dalam bahan tindak balas menyerap tenaga ‘The amount of energy in the product is higher that of the reactants ‘Kandungan tenaga hasil tindak balas adalah lebih tinggi daripada kandungan tenaga bahan tindak balas (Gigs Mohd Fal Bin Mohd Nor 2 ‘SINK Pesisiran Perdono, Tangkak, JohorChapter 13 - Thermochemistry ChemQuest2018 [SPM2011-19] Which statement is correct about exothermic reaction? Pernyataan manakah yang betul mengenai tindak balas eksotermik? A ‘The heat absorbed during bond breaking is more than the heat released during bond formation Haba yang diserap semasa pemecahan ikatan adalah lebih daripada haba yang dibebaskan semasa pembentukan ikatan. The heat absorbed during bond breaking is less than the heat released during bond formation Haba yang diserap semasa pemecahan ikatan adalah kurang daripada haba yang dibebaskan semasa pembentukan ikatan The heat absorbed during bond breaking is equal to the heat released during bond formation Haba yang diserap semasa pemecahan ikatan adalah sama dengan haba yang dibebaskan semasa pembentukan ikatan No heat is absorbed or released during bond breaking and bond formation Tiada haba diserap atau dibebaskan semasa pemecahan ikatan dan pembentukan ikatan [SPM2003-12] Which of the following absorbs heat from the surroundings? Antara berikut, yang manakah menyerap haba dari persekitaran? A B c D ‘Adding acid to alkali ‘Mencampurkan asid kepada alkali ‘Adding concentrated acid to water ‘Mencampurkan asid pekat kepada air Dissolving solid ammonium chloride in water ‘Melarutkan pepejal ammonium klorida dalam air Dissolving anhydrous copper (II) sulphate in water ‘Melarutkan kuprum(il) sulfat kontang dalam air [SPM2005-49] A pupil discovered that a water container becomes cold when a chemical is dissolved in the water. Which of the following is the chemical? ‘Seorang murid mendapati bekas air menjadi sejuk apabila satu bahan kimia dilarutkan dalam air. Antara berikut, yang manakah bahan kimia itu? A Sulphuric acid Asid sulturik B Ammonium chloride ‘Ammonium klorida [SPM2008-17] Which process absorbs energy? roses manakah yang menyerap tenaga? A Evaporation Penyejatan B Combustion Pembakaran [SPM2012-14] Which reaction is endothermic? Tindak balas manakah adalah endotermik? A Combustion Pembakaran B Displacement Penyesaran ‘Sodium hydroxide Natrium hidroksida Calcium oxide Kalsium oksida Neutralisation Peneutralan Displacement Penyesaran Neutralisation Peneutralan Decomposition, Penguraian [SPM2014-14] Which of the following is an example of endothermic reaction? ‘Antara yang berikut, yang manakah contoh bagi tindak balas endotermik? A Solid sodium hydroxide dissolved in distilled water B c D (Gm Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor 3 Pepejal natrium hidroksida dilarutkan dalam air suling Solid ammonium nitrate dissolved in distilled water Pepejal ammonium nitrat dilarutkan dalam air suling Dilute hydrochloric acid added to silver nitrate solution sid hidroklorik cair ditambahkan kepada larutan argentum nitrat Dilute hydrochloric acid added to potassium hydroxide solution sid hidroklorik cair ditambahkan kepada larutan kallum hidroksid 'SMK Pesisiran Perdono, Tangkak, Johor10. "1 12, 13, Chapter 13 - Thermochemistry ChemQuest2018 [SPM2014-20] Which of the following absorbs heat? ‘Antara yang berikut, yang manakah menyerap haba? A Water > steam Air > stim B Liquid sulphur solid sulphur Cecair sulfur > pepejal sulfur Hydrogen + nitrogen > ammonia Hidrogen + nitrogen > ammonia 1D Magnesium + hydrochloric acid > magnesium chloride + hydrogen ‘Magnesium + asid hidroklorik > magnesium klorida + hidrogen [SPM2008-28] Diagram 4 is an energy level diagram, Rajah 4 ialah gambar rajah aras tenaga. Energy/ Tenaga Products AH Reactants Diagram 4/ Rajah 4 Which of the following can be deduced from Diagram 4? ‘Antara yang berikut, yang manakah boleh disimpulkan daripada Rajah 4? A Heat is absorbed Haba diserap B The products are more stable than the reactants Hasil tindak balas adalah lebih stabil daripada bahan tindak balas © The surrounding temperature increases during the reaction ‘Suhu persekitaran meningkat semasa tindak balas 1D —_ The total energy of the reactants is more than the total energy of the products Jumiah tenaga bahan tindak balas adalah lebih daripada jumlah tenaga hasil tindak balas [SPM2008-35] The diagram shows the energy profile of a reaction Gambar rajah menunjukkan profil enaga untuk satu tindak balas. Which of the following is true about the diagrarn? Antara berikut, yang manakah benar tentang gambar rajah itu? A The reaction is endothermic © The heat of reaction is -(y-x) kd Tindak balas adalah endotermik Haba tindak balas jalan -(y - x) kJ B The activation energy is y kJ D _y value increase with the presence of a catalyst Tenaga pengaktifan ialah y kJ Nilai y bertambah dengan kehadiran mangkin [SPM2004-48] Yogurt is prepared by adding 20.0 om? of lime juice into 200.0 om? of fresh milk. itis found that the temperature of the yogurt increases by 2.0 °C. What is the total amount of heat released? Yogurt disediakan dengan mencampurkan 20.0 cm jus lima uke dalam 200.0 cm’ susu segar. Didapati suhu yogurt meningkat sebanyak 2.0°C. Berapakah jumlah haba yang dibebaskan? [Specific heat capacity of yogurt’ Muatan haba tentu yogurt = X Jg"°C", Assume that 1 om? of solution is equal to 1 gram of solution’ Anggap 1 om? larutan sama dengan 1 gram larutan] A 40XJ © 400x J B-220XJ DD 440x J (Gigs Mohd Fal Bin Mohd Nor 4 ‘SINK Pesisiran Perdono, Tangkak, Johor14, 45, 16. Chapter 13 - Thermochemistry ChemQuest2018 [SPM2009-15] Which of the following is an endothermic reaction? Antara yang berikut, yang manakah tindak balas endotermik? A -HCI+NaOH— NaCl + H:0 © NaCl + AgNO: — AgC! + NaNOs B HCI + NaHCO3— NaCl + CO2+ HO D Zn + CuSO: ZnSO, + Cu [SPM2009-23] Diagram 4 shows an energy level diagram for the decomposition of calcium carbonate. Rajah 4 menunjukkan rajah aras tenaga bagi penguralan kalsim karbonat. Energy! Tenaga cad + CO: AH= +570 kJ molt cacos Diagram 4/ Rajah 4 Which statement can be deduced from diagram 47 Pernyataan manakah yang boleh dirumuskan darjpada rajah 4? A Heat is absorbed in the reaction Haba diserap dalam tindak balas tersebut B The reaction is exothermic Tindak balas tersebut adalah eksotermik © Total energy of the reactant and the product is 579 kJ Jumiah tenaga bagi bahan tindak balas dan hasil adalah 570 kJ D The reactant has more energy than the products Bahan tindak balas mempunyai lebih tenaga daripada hasil tindak balas [SPM2016-28] Diagram 8 shows the change in thermometer readings for a reaction that occurs when two different substances are mixed Rajah 8 menunjukkan perubahan bacaan termometer bagi satu tindak balas yang berlaku apabila dua bahan berbeza dicampur. Before After ‘Sebelum selepas Diagram 8/Rajah 8 ‘What are the substances? ‘Apakah bahan tersebut? ‘A HINOs and NaOH © NaHCOs and HCI HNO; dan NaOH ‘NaHCO: dan HCI B NaCl and AgNOs D CuSO. and BaCls ‘NaC! dan AgNO: CuSO; dan Bach, (Gigs Mohd Fal Bin Mohd Nor 5 ‘SINK Pesisiran Perdono, Tangkak, JohorChapter 13 - Thermochemistry ChemQuest2018 47. [SPM2017-17] Diagram 2 shows the observation of an experiment. Rajah 2 menunjukkan pemerhatian bagi satu eksperimen. Thermometer Termometer| Water Air Solid. Pepejal L Before ” Aer Sebelum Selepas Diagram 2/ Rajah 2 What is L? Apakah L? ‘A Ammonium chloride © Potassium nitrate Ammonium klorida Kalium nitrat B Sodium thiosulphate D Calcium oxide ‘atrium tiosulfat Kalsium oksida 418, [SPM2016-34] Diagram 11 shows an energy level diagram. Rajah 11 menunjukkan satu rajah aras tenaga. Energy Tenaga oH P+O Diagram 11/Rajah 11 Which statement is correct about the energy level diagram? Penyataan manakah yang betul tentang rajah aras tenaga itu? A Rand S are the reactants R dan S adalah bahan tindak balas B The reaction releases heat Tindak balas itu membebaskan haba © The reaction is endothermic. Tindak balas itu adalah endotermik The energy content of reactants is higher than the energy content of products ‘Kandungan tenaga bahan tindak balas lebih tinggi darjpada kandungan tenaga hasil tindak balas 49. [SPM2015-49] Pak Abu’s leg was injured during loosening the soil in his farm, Pak Abu asked his son to take substance X from the store and mix it into a plastic bag containing water. His son shook the plastic bag and pressed it onto the injured part. What is substance X? Kaki Pak Abu terseliuh ketika sedang menggemburkan tanah di kebunnya. Pak Abu meminta anaknya untuk ‘mengambil bahan X dari stor dan mencampurkannya ke dalam beg plastik yang mengandungi air. Anaknya ‘menggoncangkan beg plastik itu dan menekap ke atas bahagian yang terselluh. Apakah bahan X itu? A Ammonium nitrate © Calcium oxide Ammonium nitrat Kalsium oksida B Calcium chloride D Formic acid Kalsium klorida Asid formik (Gigs Mohd Fal Bin Mohd Nor 6 ‘SINK Pesisiran Perdono, Tangkak, Johor20. 24 22, Chapter 13 - Thermochemistry ChemQuest2018 [SPM2011-15] Cold packs contain chemicals that react to absorb heat. Which substance is used in cold packs? Pek sejuk mengandungi bahan kimia yang bertindak balas untuk menyerap haba. Bahan manakah yang digunakan dalam pek sejuk? A Calcium chloride © Magnesium sulphate Kalsium klorida ‘Magnesium sulfat B Sodium carbonate D Ammonium nitrate atrium karbonat Ammonium nitrat 4.2 Heat of Precipitation Haba Pemendakan [SPM2016-34] Table 3 shows the temperature change when silver nitrate solution reacts with different chloride solutions. Jadual 3 menunjukkan perubahan suhu apabila larutan argentum nitrat bertindak balas dengan larutan klorida yang berlainan, Reaclanis Temperature change CC) Bahan tindak balas Perubahan suhu(*C) 50 cm! of 1.0 mol dm* silver nitrate solution 50 cmé of 1.0 mol dm sodium chloride solution 50 om’ larutan argentum nitrat 1.0 mol dim 50 cm larutan natrium klorida 1.0 mol dmv? 50 cm? of 1.0 mol dm” silver nitrate solution 50 ci? of 1.0 mol dm* potassium chloride solution 50 cm® larutan argentum nitrat 1.0 mol dir? 50 om? larutan kalium Klorida 1.0 mol dim? Table SiJadual 3 What is x? Apakah x? B 86 c 20 dD «40 [SPM2014-21] Diagram 2 shows the set-up of apparatus to determine the heat of precipitation of silver chloride. Rajah 2 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi menentukan haba pemendakan argentum klorida. Soca! of 0 mol dm” 50cm? of 10mol dar? Mxcure seséium chloride solution silver nite soluion of solution ‘SO em lara ‘SOem laratan— Campuran eivium Movida argentun rat laratan 10mol dm? Tmo dar Diagram 2/ Rajah 2 ‘The temperature of the mixture rises by 5 "C. Which solution can be used to replace sodium chloride solution to get the same rise in temperature? ‘Suhu campuran meningkat sebanyak 5 °C. Larutan manakah boleh digunakan bagi menggantikan larutan natrium Kiorida bagi mendapatkan kenaikan suhu yang sama? A 80 cm* of 1.0 mol dm* of potassium chloride solution 50 cm? larutan kalium klorida 1.0 mol dav (Gigs Mohd Fal Bin Mohd Nor 7 ‘SINK Pesisiran Perdono, Tangkak, Johor23, 24, 28, 26, Chapter 13 - Thermochemistry ChemQuest2018 B 0 cm? of 1.0 mol dm*magnesium chloride solution ‘50 cm? larutan magnesium Klorida 1.0 mol dm? © 50 cm? of 1.0 mol dmbarium chloride solution 50 cm larutan barium klorida 1.0 mol dm? 1D 50 .cm? of 1.0 mol dm*aluminium chloride solution ‘50 cnr larutan aluminium kilorida 1.0 mol div? [SPM2014-40] When 50.0 om? of 0.5 mol dm: silver nitrate solution is added to 50.0 om? of 0.5 mol dm® sodium Chloride solution, temperature of the mixture rises 3.4 °C. What is the heat released in the experiment? [Specific heat capacity of solution, c= 4.2 J g °C’; Density of solution = 1 g cm*] Apabila 50.0 cm larutan argentum nitrat 0.5 mol din” dicampurkan kepada 50.0 om? larutan natrium klorida 0.5 ‘mol dnr®, suhu campuran meningkat sebanyak 3.4 °C. Berapakah haba yang dibebaskan dalam eksperimen itu? (Muatan haba tentu larutan, ¢ = 4.2 J g' *C"'; Ketumpatan larutan: 1 g em? A 61.76) B 714d Cc 14285 D 2856 [SPM2012-43] Diagram 8 shows an energy level for the precipitation reaction of sver chioide Rajah 8 menunjukkan aras tenaga untuk tindak balas pemendakan argentum Klorida, Energy Tenaga Ag*(aq) + Cl(aq) Ag'(ak) + Citak) Diagram 8/Rajah & ‘What is the heat released when 14.35 g of silver chloride is formed? Berapakah haba yang dibebaskan apabila 14.35 g argentum klorida terbentuk? [Relative atomic mass/ Jisim atom relatif : Cl = 35-5, Ag = 108] A 0.672ks B 6.72 kd Cc 672k D 672.0 kd [SPM2007-19] Which of the following must be known to calculate the heat of precipitation in the reaction between silver nitrate and sodium chloride? ‘Antara yang berikut, yang manakah mest diketahul untuk menghitung haba pemendakan dalam tindak balas antara argentum nitrat dan natrium Korida? ‘A The chemical formula of the precipitate that is formed Formula kimia bagi mendakan yang terbentuk B The reaction that takes place is exothermic Tindak balas yang beriaku adalah eksotermik © The number of moles of the reactants is 1 mol Bilangan mo! bahan tindak balas adalah 1 mol D _No heat has escaped to the surroundings Tiada haba yang telah hilang ke pesekitaran [SPM2006-32] The following chemical equation shows the reaction of the formation of lead(il) sulphate precipitate. Persamaan kimia berikut menunjukkan tindak balas pembentukan mendakan plumbum(il) sulfat. PD? aa + SOsaay > PhSOus) | AH = -42 kd mol Which of the following is true about the reaction? ‘Antara yang berikut, yang manakah benar tentang tindak balas itu? Heat change ‘Type of reaction Perubahan haba Jenis tindak balas A Heatis released Endothermic. Haba dibebaskan Endotermik (Gigs Mohd Fal Bin Mohd Nor 8 ‘SINK Pesisiran Perdono, Tangkak, Johor27. 28. 29, Chapter 13 - Thermochemistry ChemQuest2018 B Heat is absorbed Exothermic Haba diserap Eksotermik C Heat is released Exothermic Haba dibebaskan Eksotermik D Heat is absorbed Endothermic Haba diserap Endotermik [SPM2004-34] The following equation shows the reaction between Ag’ and CI ions, Berikut adalah persamaan bagi tindak balas antara ion Ag* dengan ion CI Ag'aa + Cliegq—> AGChs) , AH = -65 kJ molt Which of the following is true about the above equation? Antara berikut, yang manakah benar tentang persamaan di atas? A Endothermic reaction occurs Tindak balas endotermik berlaku B Heat is released to the surroundings Haba dibebaskan ke persekitaran The temperature of the product decreases ‘Suhu hasil tindak balas berkurang 1D —_ 85 kJ of heat absorbed when 1 mole of silver chloride is formed 65 kJ haba diserap apabila 1 mol argentum klorida terbentuk [SPM2007-35] The following equation shows the reaction between silver nitrate, AgNO3 and sodium chloride, NaCl. Persamaan berikut menunjukkan tindak balas antara argentums nitrat, AgNO: dan natrium klorida, NaCl. AGNOs;q) + NaCl > — AGClsy + NaNOsjagy, AH = -66.5 kJ mol Which of the following shows that the reaction is an exothermic reaction? ‘Antara yang berikut, yang manakah menunjukkan bahawa tindak balas itu adalah tindak balas eksotermik? A Silver chloride precipitate is formed in the reaction Mendaken argentum kiorida terbentuk dalam tindak balas itu B The reaction needs 65.5 kJ of heat energy to form 1 mol of silver chloride Tindak balas itu memerlukan 65.6 kJ tenaga haba untuk membentuk 1 mol argentum korida C The total energy absorbed to break the bonds is more than the total energy released during the precipitation of silver chloride. Jumiah tenaga yang diserap untuk memecahkan ikatan melebihi jumlah tenaga yang dibebaskan semasa pemendakan argentum kiorida D The energy contained in silver nitrate and sodium chloride is higher than the energy contained in silver chloride and sodium nitrate, ‘Kandungan tenaga dalam argentum nitrat dan natrium Klorida adalah lebih tinggi daripada kandungan tenaga dalam argentum klorida dan natrium nitrat 4.3. Heat of Displacement Haba Penyesaran [SPM2018-47] Diagram 12 shows the thermometer readings when excess magnesium powder is added to 50 cm* of 0.5 mol dm® copper(|l) chloride solution in a polystyrene cup. Rajah 12 menunjukkan bacaan termometer apabila serbuk magnesium beriebihan ditambah kepada 50 cm? larutan kuprum({l) klorida 0.5 mol dm? dalam cawan polisterina, Beer | [Air agrngt ‘Sebel primer Yapon ne Soltero lane] b= Ed eet) oe on om ce | | aoc, Cran Diagram 12/Rajah 12 (Gigs Mohd Fal Bin Mohd Nor 9 ‘SINK Pesisiran Perdono, Tangkak, Johor30, 34 32, 33, Chapter 13 - Thermochemistry ChemQuest2018 \Whatis the heat of displacement for the reaction? Berapakah baba penyesaran bagi tindak balas itu? [Specific heat capacity of water/ Muatan haba tentu air = 4.2 Jg*C"; Density of water! Ketumpatan air= 1.0 9 cm] A = 226.8 kdmol C —— - 470.4 kdmot* B= 243.6 kimot* D = 5670.0 kJmol* ISPM11-41] When excess zinc powder is added to 25 cm® of 0.2 mol dm® copper(l) sulphate solution, the temperature increases from 30 °C to 40 °C. What s the heat of displacement of copper? [Specific heat capacity of the solution = 4.2 J g' °C'*; Density of solution = 1 g cm*] Apabila serbuk zink berlebinan ditambah kepada 25 cnr larutan kuprum(il) sulfat 0.2 mol dnr®, suhu meningkat daripada 30 °C kepada 40 “C. Berapakah haba penyesaran bagi kuprum? ‘(Muatan haba tentu larutan = 4.2 J g" °C’; ketumpatan larutan = 1 g cn] A -21kJ mot c = 210 kd mot" B-42 kJ mot" D = 420 kJ mot [SPM10-42} The following thermochemical equation shows a displacement reaction. Based on the equation, which statement is correct? Persamaan termokimia berikut menunjukkan tindak balas penyesaran. Berdasarkan persamaan itu, pernyataan manakah yang betul? Zn # Cu Zn Cu, AH - 210 kd molt The reaction is endothermic Tindak balas adalah endotermik ‘The activation energy is 210 kd mot Tenaga pengaktifan alah 210 kJ mot" ‘The temperature of the mixture increases Suhu campuran meningkat ‘The total energy of the reactants is lower than the products Jumiah tenaga bahan tindak balas adalah lebih rendah daripada hasil tindak batas 00 o> [SPMO3-50] The equation below shows a displacement reaction and its heat of reaction. Persamaan dibawah menunjukkan tindak balas penyesaran dan haba tindak balasnya. Mg+Fe? —»Mg*+Fe ; AH= - 189 kJ mol* Which of the following statements are true about the reaction represented by the above equation? Antara pernyataan berikut, yang manakah benar tentang tindak balas yang diwakili oleh persamaan di atas? 1 Magnesium is oxidized ‘Magnesium dioksidakan I The reaction is exothermic Tindak balas adalah eksotermik Ill The temperature decreases during the reaction ‘Suhu menurun semasa tindak balas IV The heat released by reacting 0.2 mole of iron({l) ions is 37.8 kJ Haba yang dibebaskan oleh 0.2 mol ferunn(l) ialah 37.8 kd. A Land tl only © Mand 1V only B Iand iV only DI, and IV only [SPMO07-49] In an experiment 2.4 g of magnesium powder is added to 100 cm? of 2.0 mol dmv copperi|l) sulphate solution. The temperature of the mixture increases by 1,0 °C, What is the heat of reaction in the experiment? [Specific heat capacity of a solution = 4.2 J.g"' °C"; Relative atomic mass of Mg=24] Dalam satu eksperimen, 2.4 g serbuk magnesium ditambahkan kepada 100 cm? larutan kuprum(Ii) sulfat 2.0 mol dm. Suhu campuran meningkat sebanyak 1.0 °C. Berapakah haba penyesaran dalam eksperimen itu? [Muatan haba tentu larutan = 4.2 J °C"; Jisim atom relatif Mg = 24] A -0,42 kJ mot C= 4,20 kJ mot! B 0.48 ki mol? D -4.80 ki mot (Gigs Mohd Fal Bin Mohd Nor 10 SMK Pesisiran Perdena, Tangkok, JohorChapter 13 - Thermochemistry ChemQuest2018 34, [SPM08-43] The following is a thermochemical equation Berikut jalah suatu persamaan termokimia, Fe + CuSO, --> FeSO, + Cu; AH =-150 kJ mol" ‘What is the heat change when 3.2 g of copper is formed in this reaction? Berapakah perubahan haba apabila 3,2 g kuprum terbentuk dalam tindak balas ini? [Relative atomic mass/ visim atom relatif. Cu=64] iS ea B7.50kd C 46.90 kd D 480.00 kd 35. [SPMO03-46] Diagram 11 shows an energy level diagram. Rajah 11 menunjukkan gambar rajah aras tenaga. Energy AH = -220 kdmol* Pray + Ts) Diagram 11/ Rajah 11 Based on Diagram 11, what is the increase in temperature of the solution if excess J powder is added to 50 om? of T salt solution 0.2 mol dn? [Specific heat capacity of solution: 4.0 J g" °C] Berdasarkan Rajah 11, berapakah kenaikan suhu larutan jika serbuk J berlebinan ai tambah kepada 50 cm? arutan garam T 0.2 mol am? A 44°C B 58°C Cc Bsc D 11.0°C 36. [SPM2017-50] In the thermic reaction, aluminium is heated with iron (II) oxide to produce vigorous reaction and high heat energy to melt the iron. The molten iron can be used to fix the damaged railway track. ‘The following equation represents the reaction: Dalam tindak balas termit, aluminium dipanaskan dengan ferum (Il) oksida untuk menghasilkan tindak balas yang sangat cergas dan tenaga haba yang tinggi untuk meleburkan ferum. Leburan ferum boleh digunakan untuk ‘memperbaiki landasan kereta api yang rosak. Persamaan berikut mewakil tindak balas tersebut: 2Al + Fes > 2Fe + ALOs AH=-3.98 kig* ‘What should be done to obtain a reaction which release more heat? Apakah yang patut dilakukan untuk memperoleh tindak balas yang membebaskan haba yang lebih tinggi? A Use aluminium powder ‘Menggunakan serbuk aluminium B Replace aluminium with zinc ‘Menggantikan aluminium dengan zink C Use aluminium granules ‘Menggunakan ketulan aluminium D Replace aluminium with magnesium ‘Menggunakan aluminium dengan magnesium 4.4 Heat of Neutralisation Haba Peneutralan 37. [SPM2010-44] What is the meaning of heat of neutralization? Apakah maksud haba peneutralan? A The heat absorbed when acid reacts with an alkali Haba yang diserap apabila asid bertindak balas dengan alkall B The heat released when acid reacts with alkali Haba yang dibebaskan apabila asid bertindak balas dengan alkali The heat change when one mole of water is formed from the reaction between acid and alkali Perubahan haba apabila satu mol air terbentuk daripada tindak balas antara asid dengan alkali The heat change when one mole of salt is formed from the reaction between acid and alkali Perubahan haba apabila satu mol garam terbentuk daripada tindak balas antara asid dengan alkali (Gigs Mohd Fal Bin Mohd Nor “1 SMK Pesisiran Perdena, Tangkok, JohorChapter 13 - Thermochemistry ChemQuest2018 38, [SPM2015-18] Diagram 4 shows an energy level of a reaction. Rajah 4 menunjukkan aras tenaga bagi satu tindak balas. Energy Tenaga Diagram 4/Rajah 4 ‘What is the type of the reaction? Apakah jenis tindak balas itu? A Endothermic © Oxidation Endotermik Pengoksidaan B —_Exothermic D Reduction Eksotermik Penurunan 39. [SPM2015-46] The thermochemical equation represents the reaction between nitric acid and potassium hydroxide solution, Persamaan termokimia mewakil tindak balas antara asid nitrik dan larutan kalium hidroksida. HNO, + KOH > KNOs + HO AH=-57 kJ mot ‘What is the heat released when 50 cm? of 2.0 mol dm’ nitric acid is added to 25 om? of 2.0 mol dm potassium hydroxide solution? Berapakah haba yang terbebas apabila 50 cm? asid nitrik 2.0 mol dim? ditambahkan kepada 25 om larutan kalium hidroksida 2.0 mol dim?? A 2.85 kd B 5.70kd Cc 11.40 ku D 57.00 kd 40. [SPMO5-48] In an experiment 100 cm® of dilute hydrochloric acid solution is mixed with 100 om? sodium hydroxide solution in @ polystyrene cup. The concentrations of the two solutions are the same. During the mixing the temperature of the mixture increased by 7 °C. What is the heat released in the experiment? [Specific heat capacity of the solution is 4.2 Jg'!°C"] Dalam satu eksperimen 100 cnr’ larutan asid hidroklorik cair dicampur dengan 100 cm? larutan natrium hidroksida di dalam cawan polistiena, Kepekatan kedua-dua larutan adalah sama. Semasa pencampuran suhu campuran itu bertambah sebanyak 7 °C. Berapakah haba yang dibebaskan dalam eksperimen itu? A 1470J B 29400 c 44104 D 5880N 41. [SPM2016-43] The reaction between 50 cm? of 2.0 mol dm® hydrochloric acid and 50 om? of 2.0 mol di? sodium hydroxide solution releases 5 040 J of heat. What is the temperature change of the mixture? Tindak balas antara 50 cm? asid hidrokiorik 2.0 mo! dm? dan 50 cm? farutan natrium hidroksida 2.0 mol dm? membebaskan 5 040 J haba. Berapakah perubahan suhu bagi campuran itu? [Specific heat capacity of a solution /Muatan haba tentu larutan = 4.2 J g"' °C"; Density of solution /Ketumpatan larutan = 1 g cm} A 30°C B 60°C c 120°C DD 2g.0°c 42. [SPMO6-49] The reaction between 25.0 cm® of hydrochloric acid and 25.0 cm of sodium hydroxide sol the heat of 2100 J. What is the temperature change of the mixture? Tindak balas antara 25.0cm? asid hidroklorik dengan 25.0cm? larutan natrium hidroksida membebaskan haba sebanyak 2100 J. Berapakah perubahan suhu campuran itu? [Specific heat capacity of a solution/ Muatan haba fentu larutan = 4.2Jg°C", Assume that tem? of a solution is equal to 1g of the solution’ Anggapkan 1 cm? larutan sama dengan 1 g larutan releases Acc) B= ce Gs DS (Gigs Mohd Fal Bin Mohd Nor 12 SMK Pesisiran Perdena, Tangkok, Johor43, 44, 45, 48, Chapter 13 - Thermochemistry ChemQuest2018 [SPM12-20] Which pair produces the highest heat of neutralisation? Pasangan manakah yang menghasilkan haba peneutralan paling tinggi? ‘A Methanoic acid and sodium hydroxide solution sid metanoik dan larutan natrium hidroksida B Sulphuric acid and potassium hydroxide solution Asid sulfur dan larutan kalium hidroksida © Hydrochloric acid and potassium hydroxide solution sid hidroklorik dan tarutan kalium hidroksida D —_Ethanoic acid and sodium hydroxide solution Asid etanoik dan larutan natrium hidroksida [SPMO6-33] The reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide is an exothermic reaction. The heat of reaction is §7 kJ mot. Which of the following energy level diagrams represents the reaction? Tindak balas antara asid hidroklorik dengan natrium hidroksida adalah tindak balas eksotermik. Haba tindak balas adalah 7kJmor'. Antara gambar rajah aras tenaga berikut, yang manakah mewakilitindak balas itu? Aa HCl(ag)+ — NaCl(aq) + H,0(0 c HCl(ag) + NaOH(aq) Energy | NaOH(aq) _NaClat)+H,0ce) Energy { HCVal) + NsOH(ab) mse | HCKaa)+ = (i= a57 mot! Tenaga AH =-57id mot! NaOH(ak) NaCl(aq) + H,0() eae H Oe) B HCK(ag)+ — NaCl(aq) + H,0() HCK(ag) + NaOH(aq) Enersy | NaQH(aq) _NsCi(ak)+H,O(ce) Dery f Hal) + NsOHal) Tenaga | Hckal)+ 72-57 mol" Tenaga AH = +5713 mol? NaOH(ak) NaCl(ag) + H,O() “NaCI GF HOC) [SPMO5-34] The following is an energy level diagram, Berikut adalah satu gambar rajah aras tenaga. OH- (aq) + He (aq) Energy HOW What conclusion can be made from the diagram? Apakah kesimpulan yang dapat dibuat daripada gambar rajah itu? ‘A The product contains more energy than the reactants Hasil tindak balas mengandungi lebih banyak tenaga daripada bahan tindak balas, B OH. ions contain more energy than H+ ions Ion OH mempunyai lebih banyak tenaga daripada ion H" Heat is needed to initiate the reaction. Haba diperlukan untuk memulakan tindak balas D Heat is released in this reaction Haba dibebas dalam tindak balas ini [SPMO8-47] The following is the energy level diagram of a reaction, Berikut adalah gambar rajah aras tenaga bagi satu tindak balas. Energy (Gigs Mohd Fal Bin Mohd Nor 13 SMK Pesisiran Perdena, Tangkok, Johor47. 48, 49, Chapter 13 - Thermochemistry ChemQuest2018 Which of the following acids is suitable to replace nitric acid, HNOs to obtain the same AH value? Antara asid berikut, yang manakah sesuai untuk menggantikan asid nitrik, HNO: bagi memperoleh nilai AH yang sama? A Bthanoic acid, CH:;COOH © Sulphuric acid, HoSO« B Carbonic acid, HCO D Hydrochloric acid, HCI [SPMO04-16] Which of the following neutralization reactions releases the least heat? Antara tindak balas peneutralan berikut yang manakah membebaskan haba yang paling kurang? A Nitric acid and sodium hydroxide Asid nitric dan natrium hidroksida B Sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide Asid sulfurik dan natrium hidroksida —__Ethanoic acid and sodium hydroxide Asid etanoik dan natrium hidroksida 1D Hydrochloric acid and potassium hydroxide Asid hidroklorik dan kalium hidroksida [SPMO3-30] Diagram 8 shows an energy level diagram. Rajah 8 menunjukkan satu gambar rajah aras tenaga. Energy OW (aq) + Hi(aq) |aH = -57 kJ mot" How Diagram 8/ Rajah 8 Based on Diagram 8, it can be concluded that Berdasarkan Rajah 8, boleh disimpulkan bahawa ‘A The heat of neutralization is ~ $7 kd mol Haba peneutralan jalan — 57 kJ mot! B57 kJ of energy is needed for the reaction 57 kJ tenaga dipertukan untuk tindak balas ini © The products of reaction contain more energy than the reactants Hasiltindak balas mengandungi lebih banyak tenaga daripada bahan tindak balas D the temperature at the end of the reaction is lower than that at the beginning of the reaction ‘Suhu pada akhir tindak balas lebih rendah daripada suhu awal tindak bales [SPMO03-49] Diagram 12 shows a set up of apparatus to determine the heat of reaction Rajah 12 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menentukan haba tindak balas. Thermometer Acid 35°C \vekee/ = Wey Beginning of experiment End of experiment Diagram 12/ Rajah 12 Based on Diagram 12 which of the following statements is true? Berdasarkan Rajah 12, pernyataan berikut yang manakah benar? 1 ‘The process of bonding occurs Proses pembentukan ikatan berlaku I Temperature increases during the reaction ‘Suhu meningkat semasa tindak balas beriaku (Gigs Mohd Fal Bin Mohd Nor 4 SMK Pesisiran Perdena, Tangkok, Johor50, 51 52, Chapter 13 - Thermochemistry ChemQuest2018 lll The AH value in the reaction is positive Nilai AH dalam tindak balas ini adalah positit IV The energy content of the products of reaction is higher than that of the reactants. Kandungan tenaga hasil tindak balas lebih tinggi daripada kandungan tenaga bahan tindak balas, A Land tlonly © I.land IV only B Illand IV only D Li illand iv 4.5 Heat of Combustion Haba Pembakaran [SPM2013-32] Diagram 11 shows the apparatus set-up for an experiment to determine the heat of combustion of a fuel, Rajah 17 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi eksperimen untuk menentukan haba pembakaran suatu bahan api. ‘Win shield Perghading angi Wooden block Bioklaye Diagram 11/Rajah 11 Which of the following are used to determine the heat released of the fuel? Antara yang berikut, yang manakah digunakan untuk menentukan haba terbebas bahan api tersebut? 1 Rise of water temperature IIL Mass of water Kenaikan suhu air Jisim air I Density of fuel IV Volume of fuel Ketumpatan bahan api si padu bahan api A Land it B Landi Cc Mandiv D Illandiv Idan It Idan iit Wdan Vv Mi dan IV [SPM2016-40] 1 mol of alcohol is burt in excess oxygen. Which alcohol produces carbon dioxide and water in a mol ratio of 3:47 1 mol alkohol dibakar dalam oksigen beriebihan. Alkoho! manakah yang menghasilkan karbon dioksida dan air dalam nisbah mol 3:4? A Methanol B Ethanol © Propanol D —_Butanol Metano! Etanol Propanol Butanol [SPM11-45] The following thermochemical equation shows a combustion reaction between hexane. CeH»s and oxygen, Persamaan termokimia berikut menunjukkan tindak balas pembakaran antara heksana, CeH;, dan oksigen. Celtis + 19/22 > 6CO2 + 7H:O; AH = - 3600 kimol* ‘What is the mass of hexane need to be bumt to produce heat that can heat up 2 kg of water from 25 °C to 100°C? [Relative atomic mass : C=12, H=I; specific heat capacity of water = 4.2 Jg C"] Berapakah jisim heksana yang pertu dibakar untuk menghasiikan haba yang dapat memanaskan 2 kg air daripada 25°C ke 100 C2[uisim atom relatif : C =12, H =1; Muatan haba tentu air = 4.2J 9 C1] A 5.169 c 15.489 B 5.569 D 16.679 (Gigs Mohd Fal Bin Mohd Nor 5 SMK Pesisiran Perdena, Tangkok, Johor53, 54, 56, 56, 87. Chapter 13 - Thermochemistry ChemQuest2018 [SPM12-31] The heat of combustion obtained from an experiment is normally less than the theoretical value. Which precaution can be taken to increase the accuracy of the result? Haba pembakaran yang diperoleh daripada eksperimen biasanya kurang daripada nilai teori, Langkah berjaga-jaga ‘manakah yang boleh diambil untuk meningkatkan ketepatan keputusan ini? ‘A Light the wick before placing the lamp under the container ‘Nyalakan sumbu sebelum meletakkan pelita di bawah bekas B _Stirthe water continuously throughout the experiment Kacau air berterusan sepanjang eksperimen C Heat the water in a glass beaker D Panaskan air dalam bikar kaca Weigh the lamp when it is cold Timbang pelita apabila ia sejuk [SPNM10-43] 100 cm? of water is heated by the burning of a sample of ethanol. The heat released by the Combustion is 10.5 kJ. What is the maximum increases in temperature of the water? [Specific heat capacity of water = 4.2 J g' °C] 100 cm air dipanaskan dengan pembakaran suatu sampel etanol. Haba dibebaskan daripada pembakaran itu jalah 10.5 kJ. Berapakah kenaikan maksimum suhu air itu? [Muatan haba tentu air = 4.2 g' °C'] A 0,025 °C B 025°C Cc 25°C D o2s°C [SPMO6-50] The following information shows the result of an experiment to determine the heat change for the ‘combustion of propanol, CsH/OH, ‘Maklumat berikut menunjukkan keputusan bagi satu eksperimen untuk menentukan perubahan haba bagi pembakaran propanol, C2H;OH. Volume of water in the copper container = 300 om? Isipadu air dalam bekas kuprum Initial temperature of water in the copper container. = 27.5 °C Suhu awal air dalam bekas kuprum Highest temperature of water in the copper container = 68.5 °C. ‘Suhu tertinggi air dalam bekas kuprum ‘What is the heat released by the combustion of propanol, C:H:OH. Berapakah haba yang dibebaskan oleh pembakaran propanol, C:HOH? [Specific heat capacity of water/ Muatan haba fentu air = 4.2Jg"°C" ; Water density/ Ketumpatan air \g om A 34.65 kd Bo 51.66 kJ © 86.31kd D 120.96 kJ [SPM2017-37] When 9.0 g of fuel R was bumt, it raised the temperature of 100 om? of water by 30.0°C. Calculate the heat of combustion of fuel R. Apabila 9.0 g bahan api R terbakar, ia menaikkan suhu 100 om? air sebanyak 30.0°C, Hitungkan haba pembakaran bagi bahan api R. [Molar mass of Rivisim molar R= 180 g mot’, specific heat capacity of water/muatan haba tentu a= 4.2 Jg'°C", density of water/ketumpatan air= 1.0.g om] A 22 kJ mol Bo 262kImol? GOK mol! D 1134 kJ mot! [SPMO4-35] The table shows the heat of combustion of three alcohols. Jadual menunjukkan haba pembakaran bagi tiga alcohol. ‘Alcohol Heat of combustion/ kJ moi Alkohol Haba Pembakaran CH:OH 710 (CsHsOH. =1370 (CuHcOH =2670 Which of the following factors increases the heat of combustion of alcohols? Antara faktor berikut, yang manakah menambahkan haba pembakaran alcohol? A Size of molecules decreases ‘Salz molekul berkurang (Gigs Mohd Fal Bin Mohd Nor 16 SMK Pesisiran Perdena, Tangkok, JohorChapter 13 - Thermochemistry ChemQuest2018 B Number of carbon atoms per molecule increases Bilangan atom karbon per molekul bertambah © Number of oxygen atoms per molecule increases Bilangan atom oksigen per molekul bertambah 1D —_Number of hydrogen atoms per molecule decreases Bilangan atom hidrogen per molekul berkurang 58. [SPM04-49] The following equation shows the combustion of heptene, C7Hie in excess oxygen. Persamaan tindak balas berikut menunjukkan pembakaran heptana, C;H;s dalam oksigen berlebihan CrHio(l) +1102(g) ——® — 7COAg) + 8H.0() | AH = -6 512 kJmol* ‘The combustion of heptene in excess oxygen releases 1 378 kJ of energy. What is the mass of heptene used? Pembakaran heptana dalam oksigen beriebihan membebaskan 1378 kJ tenaga haba. Berapakah jisim heptana yang digunakan? [Relative atomic mass/ Jisim atom relatif: H=1, C=12] A 25.09 c 77.09 B 36.09 D 880g 59. [SPMO7-32] Which of the following is true about the heat of combustion, AH, for ethanol, propanol and butanol? ‘Antara yang berikut, yang manakah benar tentang bagi nilai haba pembakaran, AM, bagi etanol, propanol dan butanol? Ethanol Propanol Butanol A |__-2015 kJ mor =1376 kJ mol =725 kJ mol B | -2015kJ mol* -2676 kJ mol =725 kd mol c | =2676 kJ mol: -725 kJ mol =1376 kJ mol D [__-1376 kJ mor =2015 kJ mol -2676 kJ mol 60. [SPMO7-34] The following equation shows a combustion reaction of methanol. Persamaan berikut menunjukkan tindak balas pembakaran methanol. CHOH() + 3/20:g) -> COX) + 2H:0(), AH = -726 ks mot’ Which of the energy level diagrams represents the reaction? Antara gambar rajah aras tenaga berikut, yang manakah mewakilitindak balas itu? a Energy co Energy Tenaga CHsOH +402 Tengga Co: 2H CHsOH +2 On C02 + 2:0 Energy p Eneray Tenaga Tene 4 42° coo + 24:0 ” HONS CHLOH +202 (Gigs Mohd Fal Bin Mohd Nor 7 SMK Pesisiran Perdena, Tangkok, Johor64 62, Chapter 13 - Thermochemistry ChemQuest2018 [SPM2009-42) The following substances can be used as fuel Bahan-bahan berikut boleh digunakan sebagai bahan api. © Butane, CaHio Butana, CsHyo © Butene, C:He Butena, C:He © Butanol, CaHsOH Butanol, CxHoOH Why can these substances be used as fuels? ‘Mengapakah bahan-bahan ini boleh digunakan sebagai bahan api? ‘A The value of the heat of combustion is positive Nilai haba pembakaran adalah posit B Each molecule has 4 carbon atoms Setiap molekul mempunyai 4 atom karbon © The reaction of combustion in air is an exothermic. Tindak balas pembakaran dalam udara adalah eksotermik D Do not produce products which affect the environment Tidak menghasilkan hasil tindak balas yang mencemarkan alam sekitar [SPM2017-33] Diagram 14 shows the energy level diagram for the combustion of propan-1- ol Rajah 14 menunjukkan gambar rajah aras tenaga bagi pembakaran propan-1- ol, Energy Tenaga nae 8 CyHOH + 50, AH =-XKJ mot! 3C0, + 44,0 |S Diagram 14/ Rajah 14 Which of the following statement is correct about the reaction? Antara pernyataan berikut, yang manakah betul tentang tindak balas ini? AX kJ of heat is absorbed for the reaction X kJ haba diserap untuk tindak balas tersebut B The final temperature is lower than the initial temperature ‘Suhu akhir adalah lebih rendah daripada suhu awal © The heat of combustion of propan-1-ol is -X kd mol Haba pembakaran propan-t-olialah —X kd mot" D The total eneray content of products is higher than the reactants Jumiah kandungan tenaga hasil tindak balas adalah lebih tinggi daripada bahan tindak balas (Gigs Mohd Fal Bin Mohd Nor 18 SMK Pesisiran Perdena, Tangkok, JohorChapter 13 - Thermochemistry ChemQuest2018 Structure {Paper02} 4.2 Heat of Precipitation Haba Pemendakan [SPMO4-04] Diagram 4 shows the set-up of the apparatus of an experiment to determine the heat of precipitation, 25.0 cm? of 0.5 mol dm® silver nitrate solution is reacted with 25 cm° of 0.5 mol dm’ sodium chloride solution. As a result, there is a change in temperature of the mixture and a white precipitate is formed. Rajah 4 menunjukkan radas bagi eksperimen penentuan haba pemendakan. 25.0 cm? larutan argentum nitrat 0.5 ‘mol dm’ ditindak balaskan dengan 25.0 cm? larutan natrium klorida 0.5 mol dn”. Didapati terdapat perubahan suhu ‘campuran larutan dan mendakan putih terbentuk. ‘Thermometer Before Polystyrene reaction cup Sebelum tindak alas Silver nitrate solution Sodium chloride solution Initial temperature = 29.0 °C Initial temperature = 29.0 °C ‘Thermometer After reaction Polystyrene Selepas cup tindak 7 alas White precipitate Seay Mixture of the solutions Maximum temperature = 31.5 °C (@) Why is a polystyrene cup used in the experiment? [1M] ‘Mengapakah cawan polistrena digunakan dalam eksperimen ini? (®) () Based on the change of temperature in the experiment, state the type of reaction that occurred. [1M] Berdasarkan perubahan suhu dalam eksperimen itu, nyatakan jenis tindak balas yang bertaku. (il) How is the total energy of the product different from the total energy of the reactants? [1M] Bagaimanakah kandungan tenaga hasil tindak balas berbeza dari kandungan tenaga bahan tindak balas? (0) State one step that should be taken while adding the two solutions in order to get a more accurate result. [1M] ‘Nyatakan satu langkah yang perlu dijalankan semasa mencampurkan kedua-dua larutan itu untuk mendapat keputusan yang lebih tepat. @ The ionic equation for the precipitation reaction of silver chloride is: Persamaan ion bagi tindak balas pemendakan argentum klorida ialah: AQ" oa) + Chias) ——> AgClisy (Gigs Mohd Fal Bin Mohd Nor 19 SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkok, JohorChapter 13 - Thermochemistry ChemQuest2018 () What is the number of moles of Ag* ions that reacted with Cl ions? [1M] Berapakah bilangan mol ion Ag* yang bertindak balas dengan ion Ct? (i) Calculate the heat change of the precipitation reaction that has taken place. Use the information that the specific heat capacity of water is 4.2 J g* °C" and density water is 1 g cm®[2M] Hitungkan perubahan haba bagi tindak balas pemendakan itu. Gunakan maklumat bahawa muatan haba tentu air ialah 4.2 J g' °C” dan ketumpatan air 1 g om? (ii) Calculate the heat of precipitation for this reaction. [2M] Hitungkan haba pemendakan bagi tindak balas ini. (©) The calculated value of the heat of precipitation for this reaction is less than the actual value, Give a reason. [1M] Nilai haba pemendakan yang telah dihitung bagi tindak balas ini didapati kurang daripada nilai sebenar. Berikan sebabnya. (Gigs Mohd Fal Bin Mohd Nor 20 SMK Pesisiran Perdena, Tangkok, JohorChapter 13 - Thermochemistry ChemQuest2018 [SPM2018-5] Diagram 5 shows the apparatus set-up to determine the heat of precipitation for magnesium carbonate, Rajah 5 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menemukan haba pemendakan bagi magnesium karbonat. 0m of 1-0 mol dmv sodium carbonate solution 50m’ faruran narriuun arbonar 0 mol dm 50m? of 1-0 mol dm 50 em? larutan magnesium hitrat 1-0 mol dmv Polystyrenecup gesium nitrate solution Cawsam polistirena Diagram 5 /Rajah 5 Table 5 shows the results obtained. Jadual 5 menunjukkan keputusan yang diperoleh. Description “Temperature (°C) Penerangan ‘Suhu (°C) Initial temperature of magnesium nitrate solution a ‘Suhu awal larutan magnesium nitrat Initial temperature of sodium carbonate solution ao ‘Suhu awal larutan natrium karbonat Lowest temperature of the mixture ee ‘Suhu terendah campuran Table SiJadual 5 (@) Why polystyrene cup is used in this experiment? [1M] ‘Mengapa cawan polistirena digunakan dalam eksperimen ini? (b) The chemical equation for the precipitation of magnesium carbonate is as follows: Persamaan kimia bagi pemendakan magnesium karbonat adalah seperti berikut: NaCOs+ — Mg(NO3)2 >= MgCOs+ = 2NaNOs Calculate, Hitung, (0 the heat change in the reaction. [1M] [Specific heat capacity of solution, = 4.2 J g" °C" Density of solution = 1 g om" pperubahan haba dalam tindak balas itu [Muatan haba tentu bagi larutan, c= 4.2 J g* °C ketumpatan larutan = 1g cm*] (i) the heat of precipitation of magnesium carbonate [3M] haba pemendakan bagi magnesium karbonat. (Gigs Mohd Fal Bin Mohd Nor a SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkok, JohorChapter 13 - Thermochemistry ChemQuest2018 (©) Based on the temperature change in Table 5, state the type of the reaction. [1M] Berdasarkan perubahan suhu dalam Jadual 5. nyatakan jenis tindak balas itu. (@) Draw the energy level diagram for the reaction. [2M] Lukis rajah aras tenaga bagi tindak batas itu. (@) The experiment is repeated by using 50 cm? of 1.0 mol dm’ potassium carbonate solution to replace the sodium carbonate solution. Eksperimen itu diulangi dengan menggunakan §0 cm® larutan kalium karbonat 1.0 mol dm bagi menggantikan larutan natrium karbonat. () Predict the value of heat of precipitation for this experiment. [1M] Ramalkan nilai haba pemendakan bagi eksperimen ini. i Explain your answer in 5(€)(). [2M] Terangkan jawapan anda di 5(e)(). (Gigs Mohd Fal Bin Mohd Nor ze SMK Pesisiran Perdena, Tangkok, JohorChapter 13 - Thermochemistry ChemQuest2018 4.3 Heat of Displacement Haba Penyesaran [SPMOS-03] A pupil carried out an experiment to determine the value of heat of displacement. Figure 3 shows the setup of the apparatus used in the experiment. ‘Seorang murid telah menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk menentukan nilai haba penyesaran. Rajah 3 menunjukkan susunan radas yang digunakan dalam eksperimen itu ep tire Ponder : ‘Serbuk zink Glass cup : Cawan kaca ———> Copper(|l) sulphate Solution Larutan Kuprum({|)) sulfat Figure 3/ Rajah 3 ‘The following data was obtained: Data berikut telah diperoleh: Initial temperature of copper (ll) sulphate solution,; = 28 °C ‘Suhu awal kuprum(Il) sulfat, 0: Highest temiperature of the mixture of product, 02 = 48°C ‘Suhu tertinggi campuran hasil tindak balas, 02 (@ Complete the ionic equation for the reaction that occurred, [1M] Lengkapkan persamaan ion untuk tindak balas yang berlaku. Zn + Cu (©) In this experiment, excess zinc is added to 100 cm? of 0.5 mol dm® copper (II) sulphate solution. [Given that the specific heat capacity of the solution is 4.2 J g*°C-" and the density ofthe solution is 1.0g cnr®.] Dalam eksperimen ini zink berlebihan ditambahkan kepada 100 om’ larutan kuprum({) sulfat.0.5 mol dm? Diberi muatan haba tentu larutan ialah 4.2 J g"*C dan ketumpatan larutan ialah 1-0 g om?. ( Calculate the change of heat capacity of the experiment. Use the formula, AH = mc [2M] Hitungkan perubahan haba dalam eksperimen itu, Gunakan rumus 4H = mcé (i) Calculate the heat of displacement in the experiment. [2M] Hitungkan haba penyesaran dalam eksperimen itu. ‘The number of moles of copper (II) sulphate that reacted Bilangan mo! kuprum(I)) sulfat yang bertindak balas Heat of displacement = Haba penyesaran (Gigs Mohd Fal Bin Mohd Nor 23 SMK Pesisiran Perdena, Tangkok, JohorChapter 13 - Thermochemistry ChemQuest2018 (©) Draw the energy level diagram for reaction. [2M] Lukiskan gambar rajah aras tenaga bagi tindak balas itu, (@) It was found that the heat of displacement value in (b)(i) is not the same as the actual value. ‘Suggest one step that must be taken to get a more accurate value. [1M] Didapati nilai haba penyesaran bagi tindak balas di (6)(i) tidak sama dengan nilai sebenar. Cadangkan satu langkah yang perlu diambil untuk mendapatkan nilai yang lebih tepat. (©) Based on the experiment, what is meant by the heat of displacement ? [1M] Berdasarkan eksperimen itu, apakah maksud haba penyesaran? (The pupil repeats the experiment, replacing the metal zinc with metal X. The following equation shows the reaction and the value of heat of displacement of metal iron and metal X. ‘Murid itu mengulangi eksperimen dengan. menggantikan logam zink dengan logam X. Persamaan di bawah menunjukkan tindak balas dan nilai haba penyesaran bagi logam ferum dan logam X. Equation | : Fe (s) + CuSO: (aq) —» FeSOx (aq) + Cu(s), AH = -150 kJ mot Persamaan | Equation Il: X (s) + CuSOs (aq) —» XSOs (aq) + Cus), AH=- 100 kJ mot"! Persamaan I Predict the metal X, Choose from this list: Aluminium, magnesium and tin. [1 M] Ramalkan logam X. Pilih daripada senarai ini: Aluminium, magnesium dan stanum. [SPMO3-06] A student carried out an experiment to determine the heat of displacement for the reaction between copper and silver nitrate solution. In this experiment, excess copper powder was added to 100 cm3 of silver nitrate solution 0.5 mol dm*. The heat of displacement in this experiment was -105 kJ mol [Specific heat capacity of the solution= 4.2 Jg'' °C, density of the solution=1 g cm] ‘Seorang pelajar telah menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk menentukan haba penyesaran bagi tindek bales antara kuprum dengan larutan argentum nitrat, Dalam eksperimen ini, serbuk kuprum beriebihan ditambah kepada 100 om? Jarutan argentum nitrat 0.5 mol dm®. Haba penyesaran dalam eksperimen itu ialah — 105 kJ mot’. [Muatan haba tentu larutan ialah 4.2 Jg* °C, ketumpatan larutan ialah=1 g crv} (@) What is meant by heat of displacement? [1M] Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan haba penyesaran? (b) Besides the data given above, state one other piece of data that is needed to calculate the heat of displacement. [1M] Selain data yang diberikan di atas, nyatakan satu data lain yang diperlukan untuk menghitung haba penyesaran, (©) State one precaution that must be taken while carrying out the experiment. [1M] ‘Nyatakan satu langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil semasa eksperimen ini dijalankan, (Gigs Mohd Fal Bin Mohd Nor 24 SMK Pesisiran Perdena, Tangkok, JohorChapter 13 - Thermochemistry @ @ State one observation of the experiment. [1M] ‘Nyatakan satu pemerhatian dalam eksperimen ini. (ii) State the reason for the observation in (d)(i) [1M] ‘Nyatakan sebab bagi pemerhatian di (d)(). (@) Based on the information from this experiment, calculate Berdasarkan maklumat daripada eksperimen ini, hitungkan () The number of moles of silver ions reacted. [1M] Bilangan mol ion argentum yang bertindak balas. (id) The amount of heat released, [1M] Haba yang dibebaskan. (li) The change in temperature. [1M] Perubahan suhu. (f Draw an energy level diagram for the reaction in this experiment. [2M] Lukiskan gambar rajah aras tenaga bagi tindak balas dalam eksperimen int (@ The experiment is repeated using 100 cm? of 1.0 mol dmn® silver nitrate solution and excess copper powder. Calculate the temperature change in this experiment. Explain why this change of temperature is different from that in (e) (i). [3M] Eksperimen ini dlulangi dengan menggunakan 100 cm’ larutan argentum nitrat 1.0 mol dm® dan serbuk kuprum berlebihan. Hitungkan perubahan suhu dalam eksperimen ini. Terangkan mengapa perubahan suhu ini berbeza daripada yang berlaku di (e)(i). (Gm Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor 25 ChemQuest2018 SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkok, JohorChapter 13 - Thermochemistry ChemQuest2018 4.4 Heat of Neutralisation Haba Peneutralan [SPM2017-06] a) Table 2 shows the value of heat of neutralisation for the reaction between two different acids with sodium hydroxide solution. Jadual 2 menunjukkan nilai haba peneutralan bagi dua tindak balas antara dua asid yang berbeza dengan larutan atrium hidroksida, Reactants Heat of neutralisation Bahan tindak balas Haba pembakaran (kJ mot’) HX + NaOH -573 CH:COOH + NaOH - 55.0 Table 2/ Jadual 2 i) What is the meaning of heat of neutralisation? Apakah maksud bagi haba peneutralan? [1m] ii) Based on Table 2, suggest asid HX Berdasarkan Jadual 2, cadangkan asid HX [1m] iil) Explain why there are differences in the value of heat of neutralisation. Terangkan mengapa terdapat perbezaan nilai bagi haba peneutralan. [3m] [SPM2013-06] Table 6 shows the values of heat of neutralisation, AH for a reaction of sodium hydroxide solution with two different acids. Jadual 6 menunjukkan nilai haba peneutralan, NH bagi tindak balas larutan natrium hidroksida dengan dua asid yang berlainan, Reactant 5 Bahan tindak balas. AH cd mot") ‘Sodium hydroxide solution and ethanoic acid vea7 Larutan natrium hidroksida dan asid etanoik Sodium hydroxide solution and hydrochloric acid vera Larutan natrium hidroksida dan asia hidroklorik Table 6iJadual6 (@) State the meaning of heat of neutralisation. [1M] ‘Nyatakan maksud haba peneutralan, (b) Based on Table 6: Berdasarkan Jadual 6: () State one observation that can be deduced from the values of heat of neutralisation when sodium hydroxide solution reacts with the acids. [1M] Nyatakan satu pemerhatian yang boleh dideduksikan daripada nilai-nilai haba peneutralan apabila larutan atrium hidroksida bertindak balas dengan asid itu. (Gigs Mohd Fal Bin Mohd Nor 6 SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkok, JohorChapter 13 - Thermochemistry ChemQuest2018 (i) Compare and explain why there is a difference in the values of heat of neutralisation. [3M] Banding dan terangkan mengapa terdapat perbezaan dalam nilai haba peneutralan. (©) Draw the energy level diagram for the reaction between sodium hydroxide solution with hydrochloric acid. [3M] Lukis rajah aras tenaga bagi tindak balas antara larutan natrium hidroksida dengan asid hidroklorik (@ In an experiment, 100 cm® of 10 mol dm? of sodium hydroxide solution is added to 100 cm? of 1.0 mol dm hydrochloric acid. Calculate the temperature change in the experiment. [Specific heat capacity of solution = 4.2 Jg' °C", Density of solution =1 g cm] Dalam suatu eksperimen, 100 cm’ farutan natrium hidroksida 1.0 mol dnr® aicampurkan kepada 100 om? asid hidrokiorik 1.0 mol dm®. Hitung perubahan suhu dalam eksperimen itu (2M) ‘[Muatan haba tentu larutan = 4.2 J g’*C*, Ketumpatan larutan = 1 g cm] [SPMO8-06] The thermochemical equation for neutralisation reaction between nitric acid and sodium hydroxide solution is given below. Persamaan termokimia bagi tindak balas peneutralan antara asid nitric dengan larutan natrium hidroksida diberikan i bawan. HNO; + © NaQH —> NaNO; + HO, AH=-57.3ks (@) State the meaning of heat of neutralisation. [1M] ‘Nyatakan maksud haba peneutralan, (b) Based of the given thermochemical equation, state one observation when dilute nitric acid is added to sodium hydroxide solution. Explain your answer. [2M] Berdasarkan persamaan termokimia yang diberi, nyatakan satu pemerhatian apabila asid nitrik cair ditambah kepada larutan natrium hidroksida, Terangkan jawapan anda. (© Inan experiment, 100 cm® of 2 mol dm’ nitric acid solution was added to 100 cm? of 2 mol dm sodium hydroxide solution. [Specific heat capacity of solution= 4.2 Jg" °C”, Density of solution=1 g cm*] Dalam suatu eksperimen, 100 om3 larutan asid nitrik 2 mol dm-3 ditambah kepada 100 cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida 2 mo! dm-3. [Muatan haba tentu larutan= 4.2 Jg' °C", Ketumpatan larutan=1 g cnr] Calculate Hitung (Gigs Mohd Fal Bin Mohd Nor a7 SMK Pesisiran Perdena, Tangkok, JohorChapter 13 - Thermochemistry ChemQuest2018 () The heat energy released in this experiment. [2M] Tenaga haba yang dibebaskan dalam ekserimen ini. (id) The temperature change in this experiment. [2M] Perubahan suhu dalam eksperimen ini (@) Draw the energy level diagram for the reaction between nitric acid and sodium hydroxide. [2M] Lukis rajah aras tenaga bagi tindak balas antara asid nitrik dengan natrium hidroksida. (©) Nitric acid and ethanoic acid both react with sodium hydroxide by a neutralisation reaction. Asid nitrik dan asid etanoik kedua-duanya bertindak balas dengan natrium hidroksida melalui tindak balas peneutralan, HNO» + NaOH ~- > NaNOs + HO AH CH:COOH + NaQH > CHsCOONa+H:0 AH -87.3 kJ mot -55.2 kd mot" Explain why the heat of neutralisation for each reaction is slightly different. [2M] Terangkan mengapa haba peneutralan bagi setiap tindak balas adalah sedikit berbeza, [SPMO9-06] Diagram 6 shows the apparatus set-up to determine the heat of neutralisation between nitric acid and sodium hydroxide solution. Rajah 6 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menentukan haba peneutralan antara asid nitrik dengan larutan rnatrium hidroksida, Polystyrene cup Cawan polistirena Mixing and reacting ‘Bercampur dan bertindak batas + a 25 em? of 1-0 mol dm? 25 cm? of 1-0 mol dm? Mixture of nitric acid nitric acid of sodium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide 25 em? 1-0 mol dm? 25 cm? 1-0 mol dm™> Campuran asid nitrik ‘sid itr natrium hidroksida ddan natrium hidroksida Diagram 6/ Rajah 6 (Gigs Mohd Fal Bin Mohd Nor 28 SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkok, JohorChapter 13 - Thermochemistry Table 6 shows the result of this experiment. Jadual 6 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen ini. ChemQuest2018 Description ‘Temperature (°C) Penerangan ‘Suhu Initial temperature of nitric acid ano ‘Suhu awal asid nitrik Initial temperature of sodium hydroxide 30.0 ‘Suhu awal natrium hidroksida Highest temperature of the mixture 268 ‘Suhu maksimum campuran Table 6/ Jadual 6 (@) What is the meaning of heat of neutralisation? [1M] Apakah maksud haba peneutralan? (b) Calculate Hitung () The heat released during the reaction. [1M] [Specific heat capacity of solution, c = 4.2 J g" °C, Density of solution=1 gom%] Haba yang dibebaskan semasa tindak balas. [1M] 12d gC, ketumpatan larutan = 1 gon] [Muatan haba tentu bagi larutan, (i) The number of moles of nitric acid reacting. [1M] Bilangan mol asid nitrik yang bertindak. (ii) The heat of neutralisation. [1M] Haba peneutralan. (©) Draw an energy level diagram for this reaction. [3M] Lukis rajah aras tenaga bagi tindak balas ini. (@) The experiment is repeated using 25 cm? of 1.0 mol dm* ethanoic acid to replace the nitric acid The heat of neutralisation using ethanoic acid is 55.0 kd mot". Explain the difference of the heat of neutralisation, Eksperimen diulang dengan menggunakan asid etanoik 25 cm? 1.0 mol dm. bagi mengantikan asid nitrk. Haba peneutralan menggunakan asid etanoik ialah 55.0 kJ mot. Terangkan perbezaan bagi haba peneutralan ini. (Gm Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor 2 [3M] SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkok, JohorChapter 13 - Thermochemistry ChemQuest2018 (©) Give one reason why a copper container cannot replace the polystyrene cup in this experiment [1M] Beri satu sebab mengapa bekas kuprum tidak boleh mengantikan cawan polistirena dalam eksperimen ini. 4.5 Heat of Combustion Haba Pembakaran [SPM17-06] b) A student carried out an experiment to determine the heat of combustion of ethanol. He found that 0.575 g of ethanol is used to increase the temperature of 100 cm? of water from 28.0°C to 62.0°C. ‘Seorang murid menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk menentukan haba pembakaran etanol. Dia mendapati 0.575 9 etanol digunakan untuk meningkatkan suhu bagi 100 cm’ air daripada 28.0°C kepada 62.0°C. Calculate Hitung: i) The heat released from the combustion of ethanol. Haba yang dibebaskan dari pembakaran etanol { Muaian haba tentu bagi air, c= 4.2 Jg"C", ketumpatan air Ogcm} [1m] |) number of mole of ethanol used. Bilangan mol etanol yang digunakan. Liisim molar etanol = 46 g mot] [im] iil) Heat of combustion of ethanol haba pembakaran etanol [1m] iv) Draw the apparatus set-up to carry out the experiment to investigate the heat of combustion of ethanol, Lukis susunan radas untuk menjalankan eksperimen bagi menyiasat haba pembakaran etanol. [3m] (Gigs Mohd Fal Bin Mohd Nor 30 SMK Pesisiran Perdena, Tangkok, JohorChapter 13 - Thermochemistry ChemQuest2018 [SPMO05-05] (a) What is the meaning of the heat of combustion of an alcohol? [1M] ‘Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan haba pembakaran alcohol? (b) Table 5 shows the heat of combustion of three types of alcohol. The number of carbon atoms and the attractive force between molecules are among the factors that affect the value of heat of combustion Jadual § menunjukkan haba pembakaran tiga jenis alkohol. Bilangan atom karbon dan daya tarikan antara molekul adalah antara faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi nilai haba pembakaran Name of alcohol Molecular formula Heat of combustion /kJ mol ‘Nama alkohol Formula molekul Haba Pembakaran ‘Methanol CHsOH 725 Ethanol I ‘CaHsOH 1376 Propanol ‘CaHrOH 2015 () Use data from Table 5 to draw the graph of the heat of combustion against number of carbon atoms on the graph paper below. [2M] ‘Gunakan data dalam Jadual 5 untuk meiukis graf haba pembakaran melawan bilangan atom karbon pada kertas graf di muka sebelah. Heat of combustion/kJ molt Haba pembakaran/xJ mol"! 2100 2.000 1900 1800 1700 1600 1500 1400 1300 1200 1100 1000 900 800 700 Number of carbon atoms Bilangan atom karbon (Gigs Mohd Fal Bin Mohd Nor 31 SMK Pesisiran Perdena, Tangkok, JohorChapter 13 - Thermochemistry ChemQuest2018 (i) Based on the graph in (b)(i), as the number of carbon atoms increases so does the value of the heat of ‘combustion. Explain why. [2M] Berdasarkan pada graf di (b)()), apabila bilangan atom karbon bertambah, nilai haba pembakaran juga bertambah. Terangkan mengapa. (ii) Calculate the heat released when 2.39 of ethanol is completely burnt in air. Given that the relative atomic mass of C=12, H=1, O=16. Use the formula: Heat released = Number of moles X Heat of combustion. [2M] Hitungkan haba yang dibebaskan apabila 2.3 g etanol terbakar lengkap dalam udara. Diberi jisim atom relatif bagi C=12, H=I, 0=16. Gunakan rumus: Haba yang dibebaskan = Bilangan mo! x Haba pembakaran (©) Methanol and ethanol do not have isomers. Propanol has two isomers. Draw the structures of the two isomers of propanol. [2M] ‘Metanol dan etanol tidak mempunyai isomer. Propanol mempunyal dua isomer, Lukiskan struktur dua isomer bagi propanol. @ Table 5.2 shows the freezing and the boiling points of mercury, methanol, ethanol and butanol Jadual 5.2 menunjukkan takat beku dan takat didih bagi merkuri, methanol, etanol dan butanol. ‘Substance Freezing point /°C Boiling point °C Bahan Takat beku Takat didih Mercury = 39 357 Methanol = 97 64 Ethanol ~AI7 79 Butanol = 90 17 Table 5.2) Jadual 6.2 A thermometer may contain mercury or an alcohol. A mercury thermometer is not suitable to measure the temperature at around -100 °C. Name a suitable alcohol that can be used in a thermometer to measure the Temperature at around ~100 °C. Give ‘one reason for your choice. [2M] ‘Suatu thermometer boleh mengandungi merkuri atau suatu alkohol. Termometer merkuri tidak sesuai digunakan untuk menyukat suhu di sekitar -100 °C, ‘Namakan alcohol yang sesuai digunakan dalam thermometer untuk menyukat suhu di sekitar 100°C. Berikan satu alas an sebab atas pilihan anda. [2Mj Name of alcohol ‘Nama alkohol Reason ‘Sebab (Gm Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor 32 SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkok, JohorChapter 13 - Thermochemistry ChemQuest2018 Essay {Paper02} 4.1 Energy Changes in Chemical Reactions Perubahan Tenaga dalam Tindak Balas Kimia [SPM2016-10] (a) Diagram 10.1 shows how stock solution of sodium hydroxide is prepared by a lab assistant. Rajah 10.1 menunjukkan bagaimana larutan stok natrium hidroksida disediakan oleh pembantu makmal. Solid sodium hydroxide ——~ Pepejal natrium hidroksida Disilled water Airsuling ee Ais Diagram 10.1/Rajan 10.1 Explain why the lab assistant uses ice to aid her preparation of sodium hydroxide solution. When 1 mol of solid sodium hydroxide is dissolved in water, it produces 44.51 kJ of heat. Calculate the temperature change if 0.5 mol of solid sodium hydroxide is dissolved in 800 cm? of distilled water. Terangkan mengapa pembantu makmal menggunakan ais untuk membantunya menyediakan larutan natrium hidroksida. Apabila 1 mol pepejal natrium hidroksida farut dalam air, ia menghasilkan 44,51 kJ haba, Hitung perubahan suhu jika 0.5 mol pepejal natrium hidroksida dilarutkan dalam 800 om? air suling. [4 markah} 410 (b) Table 10 shows the heat of reaction for the reaction between hydrochloric acid, HCI with sodium carbonate, 'Na2COs and sodium hydrogen carbonate, NaHCO3 Jadual 10 menunjukkan haba tindak balas bagi tindak balas antara asid hidrokiorik, HC1 dengan natrium karbonat, Na-CO; dan natrium hidrogen karbonat, NaHCO: Reaction Tindak balas u z Sodium carbonate Sodium hydrogen carbonate / Natrium karbonat Reactant } X P ‘ \ > Natrium hidrogen Bahan tindak | karbonat ze alas =| Hydrochlorieacid f Asid hidrokiorik i 3 Hydrochloric acid | gilea) Asie hidroklorik Heat of reaction 4 4 Pont -X kd mol ~Y kJ mot alas Table 10/Jadual 10 Based on Table 10, compare Reaction | and Reaction Il in terms of: © Type of reaction ‘+ Temperature change ‘= Change in the total energy content of reactants and the total energy content of products «Formation and breaking of bond Give another example for Reaction | and Reaction Il [6 marks} Berdasarkan Jadual 10, banding Tindak balas | dengan Tindak balas I! dari seg © denis tindak balas © Perubahan suhu © Perubahan jumlah kandungan tenaga bahan tindak balas dan jumlah kandungan tenaga hasil tindak balas * Pembentukan dan pemecahan ikatan Berikan satu contoh lain bagi Tindak balas | dan Tindak balas Il [6 markahy (Gigs Mohd Fal Bin Mohd Nor 33 SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkok, JohorChapter 13 - Thermochemistry ChemQuest2018 4.3 Heat of Displacement Haba Penyesaran [SPM12-08] 8. (a) Diagram 8.1 shows the energy level for the reaction between silver nitrate and sodium chloride. Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan aras tenaga bagi tindak balas antara argentum nitrat dan natrium kiorida, Enc AgNO (ag) + NaCl(ag) AgNO,(ak) + NaClak) AH=-655 kbmol! AgCIs) + NaNO\(aq) AgCip) * NaNO\(ok) Diagram 8.1/Rajah 8.1 () Write two statements that can be concluded from Diagram 8.1 Tulis dua pernyataan yang boleh dirumus daripada Rajah 8.1. [2M (i) Ifthe sodium chloride solution is replaced with potassium chloride solution of the same concentration, predict the heat of precipitation for the reaction. Give one reason for your answer. Jika larutan natrium klorida digantikan dengan larutan kalium klorida yang sama kepekatan, ramal haba pemendakan bagi tindak balas itu. Beri satu sebab bagi jawapan anda, (2M) (b) Diagram 8.2 shows the results of three different experiments for the reaction between copper) sulphate solution when reacted with excess zinc in experiments |, I and with excess silver in experiment Il Rajah 8.2 menunjukkan keputusan bagi tiga eksperimen yang berlainan antara larutan kuprum(Il) sulfat yang bertindak balas dengan zink berlebihan dalam eksperimen |, II dan dengan argentum beriebihan dalam ‘eksperimen Ill. Experiment Before reaction ‘After reaction Eksperimen ‘Sebelum tindak balas ‘Selepas tindak balas Zine 25em'or Zink 0-2moldm> peril) ~ \ sulphate solution /, Sem larutan Auprama) sulfa 1 | Lj 02 mola Initial temperature = 28.0 °C. Highest temperature ‘Suhu awal of mixture = 33.0 °C ‘Suhu tertinggi campuran Zine 25em* of 1 Zink 0-2 mol dm ~ copperill) sulphate sol 25em* faruran i Auprum(l) sulfat 0-4 moldm* eS Initial temperature = 28.0 °C. Highest temperature ‘Suhu awal of mixture = Ts °C ‘Suhu tertinggi campuran (Gm Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor 34 SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkok, JohorChapter 13 - Thermochemistry ChemQuest2018 Silver 25em' of Angepitum (0-2 mol dm: copper(Il) sulphate solution 25em* larwan kuprum() sulfat 0-2 mol dm Initial temperature : 28.0 °C ‘Suhu awal Diagram 8.2/Rajah 8.2 (By comparing, experiments | and ll, predict the value of T1. Explain your answer. experiments | and Ill, predict the value of T2. Explain your answer Dengan membandingkan, eksperimen I dan II, ramalkan nilai T; Terangkan jawapan anda. eksperimen I dan Ill, ramalkan nilai T2, Terangkan jawapan anda, (i) Suggest another metal that can displace copper ions, Cu”, in ex State two observations in the reaction that occurs, Highest temperature of mixture = T2 °C ‘Suhu tertinggi campuran r [6M] periment | Cadangkan satu logam lain yang dapat menyesarkan ion kuprum, Cu’ dalam eksperimen I. ‘Nyatakan dua pemerhatian dalam tindak balas yang berlaku, [3M (ii) Calculate the heat of displacement of copper by zinc in experiment |. Write the chemical equation involved. [Specific heat capacity of solution is 4.2 Jg °C” and the density of the solution is 1.0.9 cm*} Hitung haba penyesaran kuprum oleh zink dalam eksperimen |. Tulis persamaan kimia yang terlbat. [Muatan haba tentu larutan ialah 4.2 Jg‘ °C’ dan ketumpatan larutan ialah 1.0 9 cm] [SPM14-10] ‘The equation for the displacement reaction between metal M and lead!) Persamaan bagi tindak balas penyesaran antara logam M dengan plumb M(s) + Pb(NOs) (aq) M(s) + Pb(NOs)2 (aq) (@ Based on the equation, suggest metal M, ifthe heat of displacement f ‘experiment is -112 kJ mol’. Calculate the change in temperature wher 0.5 mol dm* of lead) nitrate solution. [Specific heat capacity of soluti (7 nitrate is as follows: umn) nitrat adalah seperti berikut: > M(NOs)2 (aq) + Pb(s) > M(NO.)2 (aq) + Po(s) (or the reaction obtained from the n excess M powder is added to 100 om? of jon: 4-2.J.g-1 °C] (4M Berdasarkan persamaan itu, cadangkan logam M, jika haba penyesaran bagi tindak balas yang diperoleh darjpada eksperimen itu ialah -112 kJ mot’. Hitung perubahan suhu ay dicampurkan kepada 100 om? larutan plumbum(ll) nitrat 0.5 mol dir, 4.4 Heat of Neutralisation Haba Peneutralan [SPM14-10] (b) Table 7 shows the heat of neutralisation for two sets of experiment us hydroxide solution. spabila serbuk M yang berlebihan ‘[Muatan haba tentu larutan: 4-2J g**C"] ing different acids reacting with potassium Jadual 7 menunjukkan haba peneutralan bagi dua set eksperimen yang menggunakan asid yang berlainan yang bertindak balas dengan larutan kalium hidroksida, Reactants Set Bahan tindak balas Heat of neutralization (kJ mor") Haba peneutralan (kJ mot’) ‘Acid E * potassium hydroxide solution uy Asid E + larutan kalium hidroksida 5 Acid J + potassium hydroxide solution " Asid J + larutan kalium hidroksida 7 Table TiJadual 7 (Gm Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor 35 SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkok, JohorChapter 13 - Thermochemistry ChemQuest2018 () Based on Table 7, suggest acid E and acid J. [em Compare and expiain the difference in the values of heat of neutralisation for the two sets of experiments. Berdasarkan Jadual 1, cadangkan asid E dan asid J, Banding dan terangkan perbezaan bagi nilai haba peneutralan bagi dua set eksperimen itu. (ii) By using either acid E or acid J, describe an experiment to determine the heat of neutralisation Include the steps of calculation in your answer. [om] Dengan menggunakan sama ada asid E atau asid J, huraikan satu eksperimen untuk menentukan haba peneutralan, Sertakan langkah pengiraan dalam jawapan anda, [SPM10-10] Table 10 shows the heat of neutralisation of two different monoprotic acids, P and Q, with sodium hydroxide solution, Jadual 10 menunjukkan haba peneutralan bagi dua asid monoprotik yang berlainan, P dan Q, dengan larutan natrium hidroksida, Heat of neutralisation Experiment Reactants (ks mot") Eksperimen Bahan tindak balas Haba peneutratan (kJ mot") 100 cm? 1.0 mol dm® sodium hydroxide solution + 100 em"1.0 mol dm® of monoprotic acid P - 55.0 100 cm? farutan natrium hidroksida 1.0 mol din?-+ 100 om? asi ‘monoprotik P 1.0 mol dim? 100 cm? 1.0 mol dm® sodium hydroxide solution + 100 cm"1.0 mol dm® of monoprotic acid Q u -57.0 100 cm? farutan natrium hidroksida 1.0 mol di? + 100 cm’ asid monoprotik Q 1.0 mol dm? Table 10/Jadual 10 (@)() Based on the information in Table 10, state one example which could be acid P and one which could be acid Berdasarkan maklumat dalam Jadual 10, nyatakan satu contoh yang mungkin bagi asid P dan satu contoh yang mungkin bagi asid Q. [2M] (ii) Explain why there is a difference in the values of the heat of neutralisation. Jelaskan mengapa terdapat perbezaan nilai haba peneutralan itu, [4M (b) Caloulate the change in the temperature of the mixture in experiment | {Specific heat capacity of solution: 4.2 Jg'!°C"] Hitung perubahan suhu bagi campuran dalam eksperimen | {Muatan haba tentu larutan: 4.2 3g" °C") (4M) (©) By using one of the acid in 9(a)(), describe one experiment to determine the heat of neutralisation, ‘Your answer should consist of the following: ‘+ Procedure of the experiment «The method to calculate the heat of neutralisation Dengan menggunakan satu daripada asid dalam 9(a)(i), huraikan satu eksperimen untuk menentukan haba eneutralan. Jawapan anda perlu mengandungi perkara berikut: ‘= Prosedur eksperimen, ‘+ Kaedah untuk menghitung haba peneutralan. [10m (Gigs Mohd Fal Bin Mohd Nor 36 SMK Pesisiran Perdena, Tangkok, JohorChapter 13 - Thermochemistry ChemQuest2018 4.5 Heat of Combustion Haba Pembakaran [SPM2016-10c] (c) Diagram 10.2 shows two different fuels that can be easily obtained in petrol station. Rajah 10.2 menunjukkan dua bahan api berlainan yang boleh diperoleh dengan mudah ci stesen petrol Tot asl _ Gasoline Gasolin Diagram 10.2/Rajah 10.2 The following chemical equation shows the complete combustion of gasoline, CoHtis and diesel, CraHos, Persamaan kimia berikut menunjukkan pembakaran lengkap gasolin, CpH;s dan diesel, C1Hzo. Gasoline 2 Celtis + 25 O2 > 16 CO2+ 18 HO Gasolin Diesel 2 Cratos + 74/2 O2 > 24 COrt 23 H20 Diesel ‘The heat of combustion for diesel is greater than gasoline due to the higher number of carbon atom per molecule in diesel. Describe an experiment to compare the combustion heat between gasoline and diesel. Your description should include procedure and steps of calculation, [Relative atomic mass: H = 1; C = 12] [Specific heat capacity of solution = 4.2 Jg"°C""] [10 marks} Haba pembakaran bagi diesel adalah lebih besar daripada gasolin disebabkan bilangan atom karbon per molekul di dalam diesel lebih tinggi. Huraikan satu eksperimen untuk membandingkan haba pembakaran antara gasolin dengan diesel. Huraian anda haruslah mengandungi prosedur dan langkah pengiraan. Lisim atom relatif: H = 1; C = 12] [Muatan haba tentu larutan = 4.2 Jg°C*] [10 markahy (Gigs Mohd Fal Bin Mohd Nor 37 SMK Pesisiran Perdena, Tangkok, Johor