MATH2121

THEORY AND APPLICATIONS OF DIFFERENTIAL

EQUATIONS
Online T2, 2020
Class Test 1 Version 1

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VARIATION OF PARAMETERS
Consider a second-order linear differential equation

y 00 + p(x)y 0 + q(x)y = f (x),

where y1 (x) and y2 (x) are linearly independent solutions of the the corre-
sponding homogeneous equation.
The general solution of the is given by

y(x) = u1 (x)y1 (x) + u2 (x)y2 (x)

where
Z Z  
y2 (x)f (x) y1 (x)f (x) y1 y2
u1 (x) = − dx, u2 (x) = dx and W (x) = det 0 .
W (x) W (x) y1 y20

See over for questions

1. [7 marks] Consider the differential equation

e2x
y 00 − 4y 0 + 5y =
sin(x)

Find the general solution using the method of variation of parame-

ters.
y
2. [5 marks] Use the substitution v = to find the general solution y(x)
x
to
dy
xy = x2 + 6y 2 .
dx

3. [8 marks] Solve the initial value problem using the method of unde-
termined coefficients
π  π 
y 00 − y 0 − 2y = 10 sin(x), y = −3, y 0 = −1.
2 2

4. [7 marks] Given that y1 = ex is a solution of the differential equation

(x + 1)y 00 − 2xy 0 + (x − 1)y = 0.

Find the general solution by the reduction of order method. You

are not required to show y1 is a solution.

5. [6 marks] Find the general solution of the differential equation

x2 y 00 − 2xy 0 + 2y = 5x3 .