peessuse at any point defined by point w on the plan
M, © the excitin
{Wal (1967) developed a snass-spring-dashpot model for rigid circular foun-
dations in the sane manner ag Lysmer and Richart (1966) did for vertical
vibration. Ascording (o al the equation of motion for a rocking vibration can
be given as
yoment about the y axis = Me“
My 539)
0 = rotation of the vertical axis of the foundation at say time ¢ CGhaoier$— FOUNDATION VIBTAHOK
‘Sesion
y
18 Rocking vibration of igi circular foundation
1g mass moimens (inertia about the y ais (through its base)
. w(t ‘+ *) ay
what
where
Wy = weight of
= acelen
jon due to gravity
n= eight of the foun
35. Nocking vibration of Foundations 208
Kars
gccnntant = XO sl
us comstant = 9 oan
(542)
where
(543)
aq, (.39hisa8Collows,
A, Resonant Frequency
1. Cal
Me the nara fequeney:
fry
it waa
co us
baie -
ce SA + Bed
3. Calculate the resonant frequency:
(sas)
In = Su = 20§
(Cor constant force excitation)
ing mass~type excitation}
8. Amplitude of Vibration at Resonance
M1 i
Ha for constant force excituion) (5.46)
beri oe | §
—
< or rotating mass -type excitation
Wy J1 = VE) see Fiqute 5.17) "
(san, Qs mute
FOUAHON viHAON
n= tal rotating mass 6
= secentricity ofeach mass
. Amplitude of Vibration at Frequencies Other than
Rasonance
Por canstan foree-type excivaton (Ea. (282)):
Myke
jo + aD takfah)
es
‘A plot of O/M, ky) versus cafe is given in
For rotating mass-tspe excitation (Eq. (295))-
Teton Pajero
Figure 5.13 shows a plo of dtm e2'/1,) Yer wf
In the ease f rectangular f
used by determining the equivalent radius as
oo
nen
jn Figure 5.18.
The defi
aa)
(549)
idatons, the preceding relasiouships ean be
(530)
acing Viraton of Foundations or
Section
12 Equlvalont radius of rectangular rig loundation—rochlng mation
Example 53
‘A tiorzontl pston-type compres is shown in Figure 5.19. The operating frequency ix
(00 cpm. The amplitude ofthe horizontal unbalanced orc ofthe Compressor 30 KN,
anit erates rocking motion ofthe foundation about point O (see Figure $190) The
toss somes oF ineta of the eampresar assembly about the axis WOW 1s 16 10°
Kaen Gace Figure 194} Pennine
Solution
Moment of tori of the fowuition lock and the compressor arcmbly abut 8
tongs) (0) vat] uc ornent
Assume the wat weight uf eto is 23.88 AN 20s
©
‘Cotercie foumiation
1
Ceerceen
= a0 AN Ant
> 180 Kg
nts
Man
55 Mocking Vivaion a Foundations 200
Watnnncs (8 6 323.58) = 339552 KN
= 9395.52 10 N
BIBS 6) ge tO
to aR O74 16x 10
1 36768 «10° kgun®
Caleataion of equieatent rains of the fouostotion: Fron £4 (330) the cguivalenteadiva it
i of retomant frraveney
“toy
= 300 cpm
HI = 038) 36768 1" _ 4g
ne = aca = 878
aus O15 ooyp
Tia ig” Joma § 0768)
Le of elbration at resonance:
y= unbalanced force % 4
230% 4= 120KNm
E:)
sy
=i (2) = mein
mew?h = M,
29)(000)
@
=I) ad
gent My 305 * 10°
nem Lay
2.0504 « 10%
From £4 (547)
Pomme Ny aig
(sagen IL
36.768 10°) aioo—HTT 210
56
Silding Vibration of Foundations
rnold, erat 8d Warburton (955) have pave theoreti sation fr
sa Aces rig sur loundaons Figure 820 sted on by afore
i suisse tog eye
gsc a eh erlpe he massaging pot aloe
9 baton Aceorng orange ution of motion a ie founston
can be given inthe face
mi +E + KX = Qo (63)
sve
‘m= mass ofthe foundation
k, = slic spring constant for siding
= apse (532)
7 ie
= dashpot coefficient for siding
3)
oudalon sas =o
Figure $30 Sling vibration of slid circular foun
‘shang Virion of Fowndsions an
Has ow Eqs (5.51), (5.52) and (5.53), the natural frequeney of the foundation
for sliding can be calculated as
Lf Bale
Co ere
90
Th ci ang nd damping rin liing an be eau
c= sl npg hii
| fing = prem
orice 2 [= 8 5
icin 2 PNAS 39
Janping an ing
of 08 ss
fa” Ji,
wre thd mato
7
neo ssn
320 ppd sn
For rectangulie foundations, the precediog relationships can be wsed by
obtaining Mie equivatent rus roa
fu.
‘where D and L are the length and width ofthe foundation, respectively
Calculation Procedure (or Foundation Response
Using E4. (5.51)
Resonant Frequency
4. Calculate she natural frequency J, using Eq, (5.54
2, Cafuulate Une Ey, (530. [Wore: B, can be
cobiined frou Ea. (557
3. or sta ones easton at Is, Oyo cons
Jam fof Wy
4. For rotating mass type exchation, caleulate
i
ratio Dy si
ane eT
Amptinnde 9f Wibrtian at Resonance
11 For constant force exci
on, amplitude of vibration at resonance is 22
ST
Cape § FOUNDATION VIDNATION
Qo 1
Arnon = 22 538)
Kap Ji ‘
WHEIE A enn
amplitude of vibzation a resonance.
2. For rolaling mags type ex
0
5
© api = nh 6)
‘my = total rotating mass causing excitation
= cecentricity ofeach rotating mass
Amplitude of Vibration ot Frequency Our than Revonance
1. For constant foree-type excitation,
__._$ - 5)
TER ot wWhoijony
Figure 512 cam also be wet to determine AAG) for given vals of
«alo, 200 Dy
2. Fr rotting mats-ypeexetation,
le wen
A + a woe
AE wind + aviation)
Figure 5.13 provides a plot of A, ion} versus e/a, for various values of D,.
Torsional Vibration of Foundations
Figute 5214 shows a circular foundati
P= Tyo'™ about ay axis 2-2. Reissuer (1937) solved the vibration problem of
his type considering a linear distribution of shut stress 4 (shicat sleess2c¢0 at
center and maximums at the periphery of the foundation), as shown in Figure
5.21b. This represenis the case uf # flexible foundation. In 1944 Reiasner and
Sagoli solved the same problem for the ease of a rigid foundation considering &
Tinear variation of displacement feom the center tothe periphery af the foundation.
For this ease, the shear stress can be given by (Figure 5210)
of rads ry subjected to a torque
3 oh
‘edema tee stn (50
Simifar to the eases of verti
equation forthe torsional viral
Torsional Vibvation ol Foundations
Pan ot roundation
Flsibe foundation
©
19521 (Continued
213 au
ight foundation
@
‘gure 521 Torsional vibration of igh clreviar foundation
hao Toe (66
‘mass moment of inertia ofthe foundation about the axis 2-2
= dashpot cosicieut for tarsional vibration
A = state spring coustant for torsional vibration
16
= Son (364)
‘= rotation ofthe foundation at any tire due to the application of
atoraue T= Tye
“The damping ratio D, for this mode of vibration has been detern
(Richart, Hall, and Wood, 1970)
°° (5.65)
Tea
where
1B, = the dimensioulest mass ratio for torsion at vibration
a (500)
ere
25
Calculation Procedure for Foundation Response
Using £4. (5.63)
Resonant Frequency
1. Caleulate the natural frequency of the foundation as
(667)
2B, using Eg, (6.66) and then B, using Ea. (3.69).
2. For constant fore excitation (tht is, T= constant)
I= Inf 20
For rotaing mass
L
ab
Amplicule of Vibvation at Resonance: For constant force excitation, the
ampiisude of vibration at resonance is
pe excitation
(5468)
For
(569)
where
‘m= total rotating mass eausing the excitation
€ = eccentricity ofeach rotating mass
or the definition of x in By, (569), see Figure 5.22.
Amplicude of Vibration at Frequency Other than Resonance: For constant
{orce excitation, calculate v/a, and then refer to Figure 5.12 10 obiain @fTa/k,).
For rotating mass-Lype excitation, calculate w/a, and then refer to Figure 5.3
0 obtain aff e(3/2)/Ju.}
For a rectangular foundation with
smay be given by
mensions B x L, the equivalent radius
(529)
‘The torsional vibration of foundations is uncoupled motion and hence can
be treated independently of any vertical motion, Algo, Poisson's ratio does nat
influence the torsional vibration of foundations. zie
Capter $ FOUNDATION
mest
Example 54
[A endar antenna found
foundation, given
ie shown in Figure 5.23. Foe torsional vib
i of the
Tym 1B x 1011 (due to inertia)
Ty= 6x 10ND (due to wind)
‘mass moment of neti of the Lower about the att 2-2 = 10. 10" lbs, and the unit
‘weight of concrete uted inthe foundation = 150 he Calelate
4 the esonant frequency for torsional mode of vibration
angular decom at resonance
Be
woes + Satan
<0 10 fuaa( 8)
a ry!) Jas
01st fesr 2) as
10 10" 6 22487 «Jot = 3287 «bt
From Bq. (566)
Jay 3285 4 10°
+ pd” (n/23}a5"”
‘gain frm Ey. (565),
os os
“1 cannes)
Also, 4, (84 (5.60)
ons
Totslona Vibration of Foundations
Section
G = 19000 1/ins
y= 1 Bo
pears
a7 “ ‘hapers_FOUNOATION VIBRATION
= ert (')nsnaneaas:
aise faf Serie 200
3
[isis isp) “oe
lata 3]
scien Laity oma
<0 wad
terrane he tal angel deeion
Sas Be (0234 VOR) 10"
0286).410°% 5g .
CCompariton of Footing Vibration Tests
‘ath Theory
chart su 1967) conducted a compechensive study 10 stale
ths applieality ofthe preceding thoretislFndings to actual Feld problems.
[Ninety-four fr gescale field test results or lrge footings $v 16M (82
‘438 in diameter subject vere! bration were fepocted by ry (1963)
‘Of ese 94 et resus, $5 wereeonduced atthe US. Atay Waterways Caper
‘ent Station Vicksburg Ming. The enaning 9 were sonducte a gin
Fell, Fords The clasfeation of sale frthe Vieksbure site und Elin sie
‘were CL and SP, respectively unified soil cassifeation system), For these et,
The ert dpm ore on Tootngs wat genezaed by rotating mast rater,
14 Comparing rab Ten i They 2
os
sant
~~
ot Ga)
G besuen
aoe a. wos nee 29
woes
u o w
reweney 8)
ews $4¢ Vedic vibrate ot fundatlon—comparitn les reuta wth sory
{ee Anat ara tn, 18)
Figure 324 shows. comparison of the theoretial amplitudes of vibration 4, 88
‘eterna from etic hal space theory withthe experimental eau obtained
‘x wots abe Vikas se Thenedmensonal mason (34)
ofthese two bases were 52 and 38, For the base with b = 52, the exgerintl
‘ess fall between the teoretial curves, with j= OS and y= 025. However,
for the base with b = 38, the experimental cove is neatly identical to the
Ueorctical curve with =O Figure 25 hows a comparios ofthe ory and
expainental ylstepored by Fry in @ ondimensional plo of jee a
resinance versie bi
hondibensonsl pl
1. may Ue Seen that the reais ofthe Vieksbure site
fetlow the general trends indented by the Corea eucve obtained (fom the
asic halspace Wheory for 8 rij Bute. A couiderbie seller, howe exists
forthe tess conte of ili Field This may be dus tothe clean fine and
ound at Uot ste, for whiet the shear modlas wil lunge with dep. The
Irdamental aseumption ofthe theoretical derivation ea homogeneous, lati,
ii bodys very much dent thas the actual fed conditions. Figure $27 220
Cimpter3FOUNOAVON VONATION 49. Comments one Mase Sting Duo Aatog 2
u ,
© Viciug ste
© bylnste
Thee it ae
“They patel
6 4
ee
;
5
on
© Vika se
© Upwate
theo de
“ 2 "6 ‘ . @ is
Fire 82h_ Motion al esorancs or ec! xcaon—compaison between near with aa eat
{Meer and experiment arch ang Wien 18 Fie. Plot ole al egonace versus b—comparton of heory with alts
shows a summary of al vertical vibration ets, which sa pot of avpldes of vibration, the apeementbetneen theory ab Fld test rau
“cence “hao! is good. The ining torsional motion in mat practical cases ie bout O1 mil
* versus Ae (0 10-* in). So the halspace thoy generally serves wll for most peatcal
vs design consheralions.
iat ix, nondinemsionat acceleration, eqs acceleration due to gravity) ‘Compatson between the asic halfspace theory and experimental ests
When the nondimensional acceatn race I the Foting probably leaves for foot and siding modes were seo presented by
the ground on the upswing sl et as» hee. nay eae, bs atu dexgn Richart and Whitman (196) The aprecent seemed fal good
problems a machine fouulaton ul subjected toa acceleration ghee haa
0.3. However, for dynamic problems of sis nature, the general agreement
between theory and experiment is faitly goud. 59 _ Comments on the Mass-Spring-Dashpol Analog
Several large-scale field tess were conducted by the US. Army Waterways
Experiment Station (Fry, 1963) in which footings were subjected to torsional
vibration. Mechanical ribrators were get to produce pure torque on a horizontal
plane. Figure 5.28 shows u plot of the dimensionless amplitude au,/[my(x/2)]
versus D, fx = amplitude of torsional .
‘masses for definition of x, sce the ingert in Figure $28) for some of these
tesis that cortespond (0 the lowest settingsvof the eccentric masses on the
vibrator. The theoretical curve based on the elastic half-space theory is also
plotted in this figure for comparison purposes. IL ean be seen that, for low
Usad for Solving Foundation Vibration Problems
ns for the mass-spring-dashpot analog for various modes of vibe
ireular foundations developed in the preceding sections may be
follows:
summarized
For vertical vibration,
met Gt hye
eet
For rocking vibration,
(522) 223
‘Cornments on the Mass Spring Dasnpot Aalon
FOUNDATION VIBRATION 4
capers
eee
{961 veunun pve ueyoiy 2ye umerpa%) vom
‘a
: .
:
nets wos t
. ds
Noa tanger, worg
(Pyne a
a
:
ot . ro
.
Hi
tl
: 24
rotersrovnnarin onan
i+ 0-4 hyo = Ae (sa
For siding vivaive,
mi ek t hax © Qa «30
For torsional vbation,
Ind 68 Fh = Ts (50)
“The mathematical approach for solution of the preceding equations is
lar for determination of the natural Frequeney, rexonanl frequen, citcal
damping. damping ratio, sol the sinphituds of vibration at various frequencies.
“The agreement of tes solutions with the eld conditions will depend on proper
choice ofthe paramcters (Una iso. Srs En 4s Cu ys ha Kay 30 KL ti
section, we will make a citcal evaluttion of these parameters.
Choice of Mata and Mass Moment of inertia
‘The mass terms m used in gs. (5:22) and (5.51) ave actualy the sum of
4, mass ofthe structural foundation block
2. mas ofall the machineries mounted on the Block mi
sc isa mage of soil under the foundation
‘with the fauiaatinn, Thus. it would ie reasonable to consider
the tran m i Eqs. (5.22) and (5.51) to be the sum of
many time
(1)
where m, = effective mass of sul vibrating withthe foundation,
Tin a'similar manner, the mast moment of inertia (eros Je and
in qs. (5.39) and (563) include the contributions of the
“raat ofthe machine mounted on the black. Itappears reasonable also to add
the contribution of the efective mass of the vibrating soil (that is, the
effective toil mass moment of inertia, Thus
a logoennins * Fanny Hotei me (sm)
and
santas + Ssmesines | Jytcie tment (579
culated values of my Foreane mma a0 J
are given by Hsieh (1962), They areas follows:
4 Values of m, for vertical vibration:
‘an osirg
025 5m
as 2d
ws
{Comment on he M438 Spring Deshpo! Analog 225
2. Values of m, for horizontal vibration:
2, Values of Doute
Foxatesnevitmeny = O43
4, Values of
aman (OF rocking vibration: Poisson's ratio w= 0;
for torsional vibration:
{in most cases, for design purposes the contribution of the effective soil mass
‘neglected, This wll in general, lead to answers that are within 307, accuracy.
“woie 1 Valuas of Spring Cone
{or Fgh Fouvdatons (ater Whitman ans
Ficnart 1967)
Noon Terns emstnt Releenee
- cat foundations
Vertical 4, “Timoshenko and Goodicr (1951)
Horomia
‘yet (1986)
Rocking
Borowieka (1943)
Torsion
Reissner and Sagoci (1944)
‘Gorbunov:Porsadoy and Serebea
Rocking ben re 1961)
{= wih ot Toundntion E> lng foundation
"For detntion of Band ert FiguteS1 Reler a Figure 529 fa value ol Ftd Pe 26 Campos s— FOUNOAHION vHATION ss
CCholce of Spring Constants
{nn Equations (5.23).(34b), (3.52), and (5.64), the spring constants defined were
for the eases of rig circular foundations. In cxamples where rigid rectangular
foundations were encountered, the equivalent radii fo were first determined
“These values ofr were then used wo determine the value of the spring constants.
However, more exact solutions for spring constants for rectangular foundations
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