ELL725 Minor (26/3/19)

Semester II, 2018-19

Electrical Engineering, IIT Delhi
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Answer to the point, and show all steps for full credit

Maximum time: 60 mins

Maximum points: 35
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Q1. Consider a cellular system operating at 900 MHz where the propagation follows free-space path loss
with variations about this path loss due to log-normal shadowing with 𝜎 = 6 dB. The base station
transmits at 1 W and its antenna gain is 3 dBi. There is no antenna gain at the mobile, and the receiver
noise in the bandwidth of interest is −70 dBm. Assume that, for acceptable voice quality a signal-to-
noise power ratio of 15 dB is required at the mobile. Find the maximum cell size such that a mobile on
the cell boundary will have acceptable voice quality 90% of the time. [10]

Q2. Consider an IS-95 cellular system, having channel bandwidth 1.25 MHz and operating frequency 860
MHz, that provides service to mobile customers. Assume the mobile speed 96 kmph. The mobile
multipath environment leads to the rms delay spread 𝜏𝑑 = 2 μs.
(a) Calculate the coherence time and coherence bandwidth. [5]
(b) At a symbol rate of 19.2 kbps, what kind of symbol distortion will be experienced? [3]
(c) What type of fading will be experienced by the IS-95 channel? [2]

Q3. Consider a mobile node at the edge between two cells in a cellular network. The received signals from
the two base stations (in dBm) are:
𝑃𝑟,1 = 𝑊 + 𝑍1
𝑃𝑟,2 = 𝑊 + 𝑍2
where 𝑊 is the average received power, 𝑍𝑖 , 𝑖 = 1,2 are 𝑁(0, 𝜎 2 ) independent random variables
indicating the shadowing over link i. The outage probability with macro-diversity is defined to be when
both 𝑃𝑟,1 and 𝑃𝑟,2 fall below a predefined threshold 𝑃𝑡ℎ . Obtain the outage probability of the system
without as well as with macro-diversity. In case of macro-diversity, assume both cells operate with the
same M-QAM modulation. [5]

Q4. Consider a Rayleigh fading channel whose behavior is Markov approximated in the scale of symbol-
to-symbol transmission intervals. If the channel in the current symbol transmission interval is found
“good”, it is likely to be “good” in the next interval with probability 0.9. On the contrary, if channel in
the current symbol transmission interval is found “bad”, it is likely to be “bad” in the next interval with
probability 0.6.
(a) Calculate the average number of symbol errors that can happen over a single “bad” phase of the
channel.
(b) Beyond the current good state of the channel, if the channel is observed after a long run, say 1000
symbol intervals later, what will be the symbol error probability?
(c) Compute the values in questions (a) and (b) if a second-order SC diversity is used at the receiver with
the two antennas experiencing independent channel fading. [10(3,3,4)]