‫ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ‬

‫ﻫﻔﺘﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻣﻮﺯ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‪:‬‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻭﻩ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‪:‬‬

‫‪ .1‬ﭼﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺩﻳﻨﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ؟‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ :‬ﺗﺎﻳﻢ ﻣﻴﻞﻟﻨﮓ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺏ ‪:‬ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻡ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ ‪ :‬ﺷﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺮﺱ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ ‪ :‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .2‬ﺁﻳﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺩﻳﻨﺎﻡ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ؟‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ :‬ﺑﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲﻛﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺭﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻧﺮﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ ‪ :‬ﺧﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ ‪ :‬ﺑﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲﻛﻪ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﺗﺴﺖ ﻛﺸﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﺑﮕﺬﺭﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ ‪ :‬ﺑﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲﻛﻪ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﺸﺶ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺮﻡ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺧﻮﺩﺭﻭ‬

‫‪ .3‬ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺩﻳﻨﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ؟‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ :‬ﻫﻴﭻ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﻲ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺏ ‪ :‬ﻫﻢﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﻭ ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ ‪ :‬ﻛﺸﺶ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ ‪ :‬ﺗﺎﻳﻢ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .4‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺩﻳﻨﺎﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺭﺕ ﺯﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺧﺮﺍﺏ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ؟‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ :‬ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺳﻔﺖﻛﻦ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ )ﺩﺳﺘﻲ(‪.‬‬

‫ﺏ ‪ :‬ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺳﻔﺖﻛﻦ ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ ‪ :‬ﭘﻮﻟﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻨﮓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻴﻞﻟﻨﮓ‬
‫ﺩ ‪ :‬ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﻣﻴﻞ‬

‫‪ .5‬ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺎﻳﻢ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ؟‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ :‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺏ ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺗﺎﻳﻢ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺩﻳﻨﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺩ ‪ :‬ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﺸﺶ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺩﻳﻨﺎﻡ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .6‬ﭼﺮﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻴﻞﺑﺎﺩﺍﻣﻚ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺧﺎﺭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺮﺑﻲﺯﺩﺍﻳﻲ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺩﺍﻣﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ :‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﻟﻐﺰﺵ ﻣﻴﻞﺑﺎﺩﺍﻣﻚ‬
‫ﺏ ‪ :‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺗﺎﻳﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ ‪ :‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﻣﻴﻞﺑﺎﺩﺍﻣﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ ‪ :‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﺸﺶ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺗﺎﻳﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺮﻡ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬ ‫‪2‬‬

 ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺧﻮﺩﺭﻭ‬

‫‪ .7‬ﻓﻴﻠﺮ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ؟‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬

‫ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ :‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﻴﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ ‪ :‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺴﺘﻪﺷﺪﻥ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ ‪ :‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ ﺑﺮ ﺳﻴﺖﺳﻮﭘﺎپ‬
‫ﺩ ‪ :‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻨﻚﺷﺪﻥ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .8‬ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﻓﻴﻠﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻟﻘﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ؟‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ :‬ﻳﻚ ﻓﻴﻠﺮ ﻧﺎﺯﻙ‪.‬‬

‫ﺏ ‪ :‬ﻳﻚ ﻓﻴﻠﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ ‪ :‬ﻳﻚ ﻓﻴﻠﺮ ﺿﺨﻴﻢﺗﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ ‪ :‬ﻳﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﻭﺑﻞ ﺿﺨﻴﻢﺗﺮ‬

‫‪ .9‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲﻛﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻓﻴﻠﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ‪ 0/2 ،‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻜﺎﻧﻲ ‪ 8‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻓﻴﻠﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ‪ 0/25‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﺩ؟‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ 7/95 :‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ‬

‫ﺏ ‪ 8/20 :‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ ‪ 7/80 :‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ ‪ 8/05 :‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ‬

‫‪ .10‬ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﻳﺰﻝ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ؟‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ 4 :‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 16‬ﺑﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺏ ‪ 2 :‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 10‬ﺑﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺝ ‪ 40 :‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 60‬ﺑﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺩ ‪ 8 :‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 40‬ﺑﺎﺭ‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻡ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺧﻮﺩﺭﻭ‬

‫‪ .11‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻴﺪ؟‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬

‫ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ :‬ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﺪ‬
‫ﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺏ ‪ :‬ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ ‪ :‬ﺁﺏﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﺪ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ ‪ :‬ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺻﺒﺮ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻓﻦ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﺑﻪﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻛﻨﺪ‬

‫‪ .12‬ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺘﺎﺕ ﭼﻴﺴﺖ؟‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ :‬ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻧﮕﻪﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺏ ‪ :‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﺭﺍ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ ‪ :‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ ‪ :‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .13‬ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﭼﻴﺴﺖ؟‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ :‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‪.‬‬

‫ﺏ ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺗﻤﺴﻔﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻮﺧﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ‬
‫ﺩ ‪ :‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺗﺮ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .14‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻄﻲ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ؟‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ :‬ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﻭ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ ‪ :‬ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ ﻭ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻠﺘﺮ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺝ ‪ :‬ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺳﺮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻭ ﻓﻴ‬
‫ﺩ ‪ :‬ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺮﻡ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬ ‫‪4‬‬

 ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺧﻮﺩﺭﻭ‬

‫‪ .15‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻮﺷﺎﺭژ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ؟‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬

‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ :‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺍﮔﺰﻭﺯ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ ‪ :‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﻭﺩ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﮔﺰﻭﺯ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻮﺷﺎﺭژ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ ‪ :‬ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳﺪ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻮﺷﺎﺭژ‬
‫ﺍﮔﺰﻭﺯ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ ‪ :‬ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﮔﺰﻭﺯ‬

‫‪5‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻡ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬

 ‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ‬

‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ‪3 .......................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺩﻳﻨﺎﻡ ﻭ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺳﻔﺖﻛﻦﻫﺎ ‪5 ................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ﻛﺸﺶ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ‪6 ....................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﺸﺶ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ‪7...............................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﺸﺶ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻟﺮﺯﺵ‪7.......................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺩﻳﻨﺎﻡ )ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺎﺕ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ( ‪8............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺗﺎﻳﻢ‪10 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻟﻘﻲ )ﻓﻴﻠﺮ( ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ‪15 ..................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ‪ 4‬ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻪ ‪15 ...............................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻟﻘﻲﺳﻮﭘﺎپﻫﺎ‪19 .....................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻟﻘﻲ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپﻫﺎ )ﻓﻴﻠﺮﮔﻴﺮﻱ(‪21 .............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ )ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ(‪25 ...........................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ‪25 ..............................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻋﻴﺐﻳﺎﺏ ‪26 .........................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺳﻨﺞ ‪27 ..............................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ‪31 ......................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺍﺟﺰﺍء ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪31 ................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪32 .............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺗﺮﭘﻤﭗ‪33 ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺘﺎﺕ ‪34 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﺩﻳﺎﺗﻮﺭ ‪35 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪36 ...........................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪39 .................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﺟﺰﺍء ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪40 ..............................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺠﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‪41 ..............................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‪42 .......................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ‪43 .......................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦﻛﺎﺭﻱ‪45 .....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪45 ............................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺍﺟﺰﺍء ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦﻛﺎﺭﻱ‪46 ..................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦﻛﺎﺭﻱ ‪46 .............................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﺗﺮ‪47 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﭘﻤﭗ‪48 .......................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ‬
‫ﺍﻭﻳﻞ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪49 .....................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻦ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ‪49 .............................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪50 .......................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦﻛﺎﺭﻱ‪50 ............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ‪52 .....................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻮﺷﺎﺭژ ‪53 ..............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺍﺟﺰﺍء ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻮﺷﺎﺭژ ‪53 .............................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻮﺷﺎﺭژ‪54 .........................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻮﺷﺎﺭژ‬
‫ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ‪55 .......................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮ ﻛﻮﻟﺮ )ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻦ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ( ‪55 ......................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻫﻮﺍ ‪56 ............................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻮﺷﺎﺭژ‪57 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﺭﻙ ﺣﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﻙ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺭﻧﻮ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬

 ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺩﻳﻨﺎﻡ ﻭ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺳﻔﺖﻛﻦﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺗﺴﻤﻪﻫﺎ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﻦ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﻪﺩﺍﺭ )‪ (1‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺗﺎﻳﻢ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭ )‪ (2‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺎﺕ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺗﺴﻤﻪﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺑﻞ ﻭ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺴﻤﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﻭ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻐﺰﺵ ﻭ ُﺳﺮ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻛﺸﺶ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪5‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺩﻳﻨﺎﻡ ﻭ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺳﻔﺖﻛﻦﻫﺎ‬

‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ﻛﺸﺶ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ‬

‫ﻳﻚ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﻪﺩﺍﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺳﻔﺖﻛﻦ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻛﺸﺶ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺳﻔﺖﻛﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺳﻔﺖﻛﻦ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ‪ .‬ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺳﻔﺖﻛﻦ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ ﻣﺎﻫﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺳﻔﺖﻛﻦ ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺳﻔﺖﻛﻦ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻳﺎ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻛﺸﺶ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﮕﻪﻣﻲﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫‪6‬‬

 ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺩﻳﻨﺎﻡ ﻭ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺳﻔﺖﻛﻦﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﺸﺶ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ‬

‫ﻛﺸﺶ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ‬

‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻛﺸﺶ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻟﺮﺯﺵ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﺸﺶ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺭﻧﻮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻟﺮﺯﺵ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﺸﺶ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻟﺮﺯﺵ‬

‫ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻤﻴﺖ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻛﺸﺶ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺑﺰﻧﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺻﺪﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺻﺪﺍﻱ ﺳﻴﻢ ﮔﻴﺘﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺻﺪﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺸﺶ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺵ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻃﻮﻝ ﻭ ﻛﺸﺶ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪7‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺩﻳﻨﺎﻡ ﻭ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺳﻔﺖﻛﻦﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺗﺴﻤﻪﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺎﺕ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ )ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺩﻳﻨﺎﻡ(‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺍﻧﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺭﺍﺣﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺭﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻭﺍﺗﺮﭘﻤﭗ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺁﻟﺘﺮﻧﺎﺗﻮﺭ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻛﻮﻟﺮ‬
‫‪ -‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻚ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻫﺮ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺳﻔﺖﻛﻦ ﻭ ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻛﺎﻣ ً‬
‫ﻼ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺱ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺯﺍﺋﺪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ )ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪ ،‬ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﺧﺖ( ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﭘﺎﻳﺔ ﻧﮕﻪﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﺓ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺳﻔﺖﻛﻦﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ -‬ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺩﻳﻨﺎﻡ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻴﻞﻟﻨﮓ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺩﻳﻨﺎﻡ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﻧﻜﻨﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻴﻞﻟﻨﮓ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫‪8‬‬

 ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺩﻳﻨﺎﻡ ﻭ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺳﻔﺖﻛﻦﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻮﻟﻲﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺷﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬

‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺼﺐ ﻧﺎﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﻮﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺯﻭﺩﺭﺱ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ )ﺍﺭﺗﺠﺎﻋﻲ(‬

‫ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺳﻔﺖﻛﻦ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪9‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺩﻳﻨﺎﻡ ﻭ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺳﻔﺖﻛﻦﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺳﻔﺖﻛﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬

‫ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺩﻳﻨﺎﻡ ﻭ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺳﻔﺖﻛﻦﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺕﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺖ ﻃﻲﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺳﻔﺖﻛﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺗﺎﻳﻢ‬
‫ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺗﺎﻳﻢ‪ ،‬ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﻴﻞﻟﻨﮓ ﻭ ﻣﻴﻞﺑﺎﺩﺍﻣﻚ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺖ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮓ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺗﺎﻳﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺎﺕ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻭﺍﺗﺮﭘﻤﭗ ﻭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺭﻣﻲﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺗﺎﻳﻢ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﻴﻞﻟﻨﮓ ﻭ ﻣﻴﻞﺑﺎﺩﺍﻣﻚ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺗﺎﻳﻢ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺗﺎﻳﻢ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﻳﻚ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﺗﺎﻳﻢ ﻣﻴﻞﻟﻨﮓ ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﻧﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺎﻳﻢ ﻣﻴﻞﺳﻮﭘﺎپﻫﺎ )‪(1‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮓ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﻴﻞﺑﺎﺩﺍﻣﻚ ﻭ ﻣﻴﻞﻟﻨﮓ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺗﺎﻳﻢ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ )‪(2‬‬

‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺗﺎﻳﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﭼﺮﺧﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﻣﻴﻞﻟﻨﮓ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﻳﻢ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫‪10‬‬

 ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺩﻳﻨﺎﻡ ﻭ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺳﻔﺖﻛﻦﻫﺎ‬

‫ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﭘﻮﻟﻲﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺷﻔﺖ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ :‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺧﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺷﻔﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﻔﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﭘﻴﭻ‪ ،‬ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﻴﻞﻟﻨﮓ ﻭ ﻣﻴﻞﺑﺎﺩﺍﻣﻚ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺧﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻭ ﭼﺮﺏﺯﺩﺍﻳﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲﻛﻪ ﭼﺮﺥﺩﻧﺪﻩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻐﺰﻧﺪ ﻳﺎ ُﺳﺮ ﺑﺨﻮﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺯﻣﺎﻥﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﻴﻞﺑﺎﺩﺍﻣﻚ )‪(Dephaser‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻓﺎﺯ ﻣﻴﻞﺑﺎﺩﺍﻣﻚ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺯﻣﺎﻥﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﻞﺑﺎﺩﺍﻣﻚ‬

‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻧﻜﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻫﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻛﺎﻣ ً‬
‫ﻼ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ)ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪ ،‬ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﺧﺖ( ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﺟﺪﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪11‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺩﻳﻨﺎﻡ ﻭ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺳﻔﺖﻛﻦﻫﺎ‬

‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺗﺎﻳﻢ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺗﺎﻳﻢ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺳﻔﺖﻛﻦ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺗﺎﻳﻢ‬
‫‪ -‬ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺗﺎﻳﻢ‬
‫‪ -‬ﭘﻴﭻ ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﻣﻴﻞﻟﻨﮓ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺩﻧﺪﻩﺗﺎﻳﻢ ﻣﻴﻞﻟﻨﮓ‬
‫‪ -‬ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﻣﻴﻞﻟﻨﮓ‬
‫‪) -‬ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺩﻳﻨﺎﻡ( ﻳﺎ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺳﻔﺖﻛﻦ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺩﻳﻨﺎﻡ‬
‫‪ -‬ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺩﻳﻨﺎﻡ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺳﻔﺖﻛﻦ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﺔ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﺓ ﺁﻥ‬

‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ‬

‫ﻓﻠﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺸﺎﻥﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬

‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻧﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺎﻳﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻴﻞﻟﻨﮓ ﻭ ﻣﻴﻞﺑﺎﺩﺍﻣﻚ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺮ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺳﻔﺖﻛﻦ ﻭ ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫‪12‬‬

 ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺩﻳﻨﺎﻡ ﻭ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺳﻔﺖﻛﻦﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﺸﺶ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺗﺎﻳﻢ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺎﺕ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻛﺸﺶ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺻﺪﺍﻱ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ ﻭ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻛﺸﺶ ﻛﻢ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﮔﺸﺘﺎﻭﺭ ﭘﻴﺶ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﺸﺶ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺗﺎﻳﻢ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﻪ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﮔﺸﺘﺎﻭﺭ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺮﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻳﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﭘﻴﺶﻛﺸﺶ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺵ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﺍﻱ‬

‫ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺗﺎﻳﻢ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺖ ﻃﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻲﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﺍﻱ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪13‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬

 ‫ﻟﻘﻲ )ﻓﻴﻠﺮ( ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ‬

‫ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ‪ 4‬ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻪ‬

‫ﺍﺟﺰﺍء ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‪ :‬ﺑﺎﺯﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ‪ 4‬ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻪ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ‪ 4‬ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺧﻮﻳﺶ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﻮﭘﺎپﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻴﻞﺑﺎﺩﺍﻣﻚ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﻜﻞ ‪ 4‬ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻪ‪:‬‬

‫ﻛﻮﺭﺱ ﺍﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻜﺶ)ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ(‬

‫ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺩﻫﺪ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻭ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﭘﺮ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ ﺩﻭﺩ )ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ( ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻮﺭﺱ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ :‬ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬

‫ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻭ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻮﺭﺱ ﺳﻮﻡ‪ :‬ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻕ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ‬

‫ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻃﻲ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻕ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻮﺭﺱ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ‪ :‬ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ‬

‫ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺩﻫﺪ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﻮﭘﺎپﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪15‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻟﻘﻲ )ﻓﻴﻠﺮ( ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ‬

‫ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺟﺰﺍء ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ‬

‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﺎﺩﺍﻣﻚ )‪(1‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﺳﺒﻚ )‪ (2‬ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺩﺍﻣﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓﻨﺮ ﺑﺮﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ )‪ (3‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺴﺘﻪﺷﺪﻥ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫‪16‬‬

 ‫ﻟﻘﻲ )ﻓﻴﻠﺮ( ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ‬

‫ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻘﻲ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﭘﺎپﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻣﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻘﻲ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپﻫﺎ ﺑﺪﺭﺳﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺁﺏﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ‬

‫ﻭ ﺳﻴﺖﺳﻮﭘﺎپ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ ﺩﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺩﻣﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻘﻲ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ ﺩﻭﺩ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻘﻲ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ‬

‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺒﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﺳﺒﻚ ﺗﻚ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ )‪(1‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﺳﺒﻚ ﺗﻚ ﺑﺎ ﻏﻠﻄﻚ )‪(2‬‬

‫‪17‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻟﻘﻲ )ﻓﻴﻠﺮ( ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﺳﺒﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺑﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻏﻠﻄﻚ )‪(3‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﺳﺘﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ )ﺷﻴﻢ(‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﺳﺘﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ )ﺷﻴﻢ(‬

‫ﻣﻴﻞﺑﺎﺩﺍﻣﻚ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺧﻮﺩﺭﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺭﻧﻮ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻴﻞﺑﺎﺩﺍﻣﻚ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻴﻞﺑﺎﺩﺍﻣﻚ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﺳﺘﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ )‪ (1‬ﻳﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﺳﺒﻚ‬
‫)‪ (2‬ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ‪ 4 ،‬ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﺳﺒﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺑﻞ )‪ (3‬ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫‪18‬‬

 ‫ﻟﻘﻲ )ﻓﻴﻠﺮ( ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻴﻞﺳﻮﭘﺎپ‪ 4 ،‬ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﺳﺘﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭ ﭼﻴﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﻭﻝ )‪ ،(4‬ﻳﻚ ﻣﻴﻞﺑﺎﺩﺍﻣﻚ ﺩﻭ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭ ﻣﻴﻞﺑﺎﺩﺍﻣﻚ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺖ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺩﻭﻡ )‪ ،(5‬ﻫﺮ ﻣﻴﻞﺑﺎﺩﺍﻣﻚ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺖ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻟﻘﻲﺳﻮﭘﺎپ‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻟﻘﻲﺳﻮﭘﺎپ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﮔﺎﺯﺳﻮﺯ ‪GPL‬‬
‫ﻟﻘﻲ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻟﻘﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺳﻮﭘﺎپﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪19‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻟﻘﻲ )ﻓﻴﻠﺮ( ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ‬

‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻧﺎﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﻟﻘﻲﺳﻮﭘﺎپ‬

‫ﻟﻘﻲ ﻛﻢ ﻳﺎ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻨﻔﺲ ﻭ ﭘﺮ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺒﻚﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺷﻴﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬

‫ﻟﻘﻲﺳﻮﭘﺎپ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻘﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺻﺪﺍﻱ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﻋﻜﺲ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﻮﻕ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺖﺳﻮﭘﺎپ‪،‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻟﻘﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻘﻲ ﻛﻢﺳﻮﭘﺎپ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩ ﻧﺎﻗﺺ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺁﺭﺍﻡ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺭﺕ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ‬
‫ﺁﺏﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫‪20‬‬

 ‫ﻟﻘﻲ )ﻓﻴﻠﺮ( ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﻴﻞﺑﺎﺩﺍﻣﻚ‬

‫ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﻴﻞﺑﺎﺩﺍﻣﻚ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﺞﺷﺪﻥ )ﻗﻴﭽﻲ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپﻫﺎ(‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﻮﻟﻲﻣﻴﻞﺑﺎﺩﺍﻣﻚ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪﺍﻱ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻫﺮﮔﺰ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻴﻞﺑﺎﺩﺍﻣﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﭼﺮﺧﺎﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻟﻘﻲﺳﻮﭘﺎپ )ﻓﻴﻠﺮﮔﻴﺮﻱ(‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ ﻧﻮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﺳﺒﻚ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ‬

‫ﻟﻘﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺒﻚ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﻴﻐﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﻟﻘﻲﺳﻮﭘﺎپ‪ ،‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ) ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ(‪،‬‬

‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺖ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻭ ﻣﻬﺮﺓ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻟﻘﻲ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪21‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻟﻘﻲ )ﻓﻴﻠﺮ( ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ‬

‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻟﻘﻲﺳﻮﭘﺎپ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺷﻴﻢ )ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻟﻘﻲﺳﻮﭘﺎپ(‬

‫ﻟﻘﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺩﺍﻣﻚ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺷﻴﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺷﻴﻢﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻟﻘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻟﻘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺷﻴﻢﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺻﻼﺡ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺷﻴﻢﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬

‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﻘﻲ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺷﻴﻢ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫ﻟﻘﻲ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ‬
‫=‬
‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺷﻴﻢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ‬

‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺷﻴﻢﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺷﻴﻢﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺣﻚ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻳﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺍﺳﺘﻜﺎﻧﻲﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫‪22‬‬

 ‫ﻟﻘﻲ )ﻓﻴﻠﺮ( ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ‬

‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ ﺍﺳﺘﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ )ﺷﻴﻢ(‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻗﺒﻞ ) ﺍﺳﺘﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﺷﻴﻢﺩﺍﺭ ( ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺍﺳﺘﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺖ ﻣﻴﻞﺑﺎﺩﺍﻣﻚ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﻢﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻜﺎﻧﻲﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻳﺰﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖﻫﺎﻱ‬

‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻳﺪﻛﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪23‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬

 ‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ )ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ(‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ)ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺱ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ( ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺗﺴﺖ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺱ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﺭﺱ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ‬

‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ)ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺱ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ( ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﺭﺱ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ‪ ،‬ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪.1‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪.2‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺯﺍﺋﺪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪).‬ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻛﺜﻴﻒ ﻭ‪(...‬‬
‫‪.3‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﺑﺎﻃﺮﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺗﺮﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﺭﻭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺗﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﻚ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺭﺗﺮ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‬

‫‪25‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ )ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ(‬

‫‪ .4‬ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺷﻤﻊﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﻗﻪ)ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻨﺰﻳﻨﻲ(‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﻡﻛﻦ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻧﮋﻛﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎ )ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﺰﻝ( ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺭﺕ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺗﺮﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺭﺕ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻭ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻫﺮ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭﻛﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻤﻊﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﻗﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻧﮋﻛﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺑﺎﺗﺮﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﻢ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .5‬ﺑﻲﺍﺛﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﻗﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻧﮋﻛﺘﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩﺭﻭ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪) .‬ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻮﻳﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﻗﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﮋﻛﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ‪ ...‬ﺭﺍ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪(.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺟﺮﻗﻪ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺍﻧﮋﻛﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻋﻴﺐﻳﺎﺏ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ )ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺱ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ( ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﮔﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻋﻴﺐﻳﺎﺏ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺧﻮﺩﺭﻭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻋﻴﺐﻳﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ )‪ (bar‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭﻫﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺯ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻋﻴﺐﻳﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺭﺕ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺳﭙﺲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭﻫﺎ ﭘﻲ ﺑﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫‪26‬‬

 ‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ )ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ(‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﻨﺞ‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺳﻨﺞ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺱ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ )‪ (bar‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻨﺰﻳﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺳﻨﺞ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺷﻤﻊ ﺟﺮﻗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺼﺐ‬

‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﺰﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﻨﺞ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﻧﮋﻛﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺮﻡﻛﻦ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ‪ ،‬ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪27‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ )ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ(‬

‫‪ bar 40-8‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﺰﻟﻲ ‪ bar 17-4‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺳﻨﺞ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻨﺰﻳﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ )ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺱ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ( ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﺰﻟﻲ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻨﺰﻳﻨﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﻛﻢ ﻳﺎ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻛﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺁﺭﺍﻡ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻏﻴﺮﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪) .‬ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻟﺮﺯﺵ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻛﻨﺪ( ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺱ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ‪4‬‬

‫ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ )ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺱ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ( ﻛﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ‪ 4‬ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫‪28‬‬

 ‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ )ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ(‬

‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ)ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ( ﻳﺎ ﻛﻢ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ)ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺱ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ( ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻻﻳﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻟﻘﻲ)ﻓﻴﻠﺮ( ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻴﺖﺳﻮﭘﺎپ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺭﻳﻨﮓﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ‬
‫‪ -‬ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻭﺍﺷﺮ ﺳﺮﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺳﺮﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ‪.‬‬

‫‪29‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬

 ‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻕ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻭ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﻃﺮﻑ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻱ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻡﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﻴﺶﺍﺯﺣﺪ ﻭ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﺩﻳﺪﻥ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺟﺰﺍء ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﻭﺍﺗﺮﭘﻤﭗ )‪(1‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺭﺍﺩﻳﺎﺗﻮﺭ )‪(2‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺘﺎﺕ )‪(3‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ )‪(4‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺭﺍﺩﻳﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﺔ ﺍﺗﺎﻕ ﺳﺮﻧﺸﻴﻦ )‪(5‬‬

‫‪31‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺳﺮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺗﺮﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬

‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻔﻈﺔ ﺍﺗﺎﻕ ﺳﺮﻧﺸﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺘﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ‬

‫ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫‪32‬‬

 ‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻭﺍﺗﺮﭘﻤﭗ‬

‫ﻭﺍﺗﺮﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﺑﻪﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺭﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﺩﺭﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﺗﺮﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺟﺰء ﺍﺻﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﻩ ﺁﺏﭘﺨﺶﻛﻦ )‪ (2‬ﻭ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺍﺻﻠﻲ )‪ (1‬ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺘﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻣﺎ ﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺳﺮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺘﺎﺕ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬

‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺎً ﺑﻪ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪33‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ‪،‬‬

‫ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺘﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﺯﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺩﻳﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺭﺍﺩﻳﺎﺗﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺩﻳﺎﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﻣﺒﺪﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﭘﺮﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ‪،‬ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺧﻮﺩﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺟﻠﻮ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻭ ﻓﻦ ﺑﺮﻗﻲ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬

‫ﻓﻦﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻻﻣﭗﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺁﻣﭙﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ‪ ECU‬ﻳﺎ ﺳﻮﻳﭻ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ)ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭ( ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫‪34‬‬

 ‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ‬

‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻭﻇﺎﻳﻒ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺫﺧﻴﺮﺓ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻫﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫‪ -‬ﭘﺮﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﺟﺎﺯﺓ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪) .‬ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺮﻡﺷﺪﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ(‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ‪ ،MAX‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥﺩﻫﻨﺪﺓ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬

‫ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ‪ ،MIN‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﻫﺸﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺁﺏﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩ ِﺭ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬

‫ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔﺟﻮﺵ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬

‫ﺩﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻧﮓﻫﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪35‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺍﺟﺰﺍء ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﻛﻮﻟﺮ )ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﺼﺐ( ﻭ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺟﻠﻮ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﺎﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺗﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺷﻴﻠﻨﮓﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺖﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻭ ﻛﺸﺶ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﻭﺍﺗﺮﭘﻤﭗ )ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ(‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻓﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻻﻣﭗﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺁﻣﭙﺮ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺿﺪ ﻳﺦ ﺑﻪﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ )ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺳﭙﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺖ ﻃﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ(‬

‫ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﺍﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺭﻧﻮ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻳﺦﺯﺩﮔﻲ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺳﻮﺏ ﻭ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫‪36‬‬

 ‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺁﺏﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺁﺏﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ‬

‫ﻛﺎﺭ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺁﺏﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺴﺖ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﺭﺏ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ‬
‫ﺴﺎﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰﻡ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .2‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺁﺏﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰﻡ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﻧﺸﺘﻲﻫﺎ‬

‫ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻧﺸﺘﻲﻳﺎﺏ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ‪ :‬ﺁﺷﻜﺎﺭﺳﺎﺯ ﻧﺸﺖ ‪CO2‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻧﺸﺖ ﮔﺎﺯ ‪ CO2‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺍﺷﺮ ﺳﺮﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﻧﺸﺘﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ :‬ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﺳﺮﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺴﺖ ﺳﺮﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭﻫﺎ‬

‫‪37‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺁﺏ ﻭﻟﺮﻡ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ )ﺯﻳﺮ ‪ 50‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ( ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻭ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺧﺸﻚ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﻍ ﺭﺍ ﻫﻴﭻﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮ ﻧﻜﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﻮﻙ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺳﺮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﻮﻟﺮ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻫﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻫﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻫﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﭘﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﭘﻴﭻﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻫﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﭘﻴﭻﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻫﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬

‫ﻫﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﭘﺲ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺷﻦﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻥ ﻓﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻛﻤﻚ‬
‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫‪38‬‬

 ‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬

‫ﺁﺏﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻃﻲ ﻛﻮﺭﺱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻭ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻭ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ‬
‫ﻧﺴﻮﺧﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﺗﺮ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﭘﺎﺷﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﻴﻞﻟﻨﮓ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ‪ blow-by‬ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺿﺪﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ‬

‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺟﻤﻊﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻛﺎﺭﺗﺮ ﺑﺎﺯﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫ﻣﺠﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻣﻨﻴﻔﻮﻟﺪ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺳﻮﺯﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺗﺮ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺭﻭﻏﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺗﺮ ﺑﺮﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻗﻲﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺠﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺳﻮﺯﺍﻧﺪﻥ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻴﻔﻮﻟﺪ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺗﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪39‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬

‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻛﺎﺭﺗﺮ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﺟﺰﺍء ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬

‫ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺩﻭ ﻣﺠﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ )ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺷﺎﺭژﺭ(‬
‫‪ -‬ﺭﮔﻼﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻮﺷﺎﺭژ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺷﻴﻠﻨﮓﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﺠﺎﻋﻲ ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻠﺐ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﺭﭘﻮﺵ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ ‪ ،‬ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﭘﻮﺵ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ ﻳﻜﭙﺎﺭﭼﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻱ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫‪40‬‬

 ‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬

‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺠﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ ﮔﺎﺯ )ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺯﻳﺮ( ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻜﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﻨﻴﻔﻮﻟﺪ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻛﻢ ﻳﺎ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻛﻢ‬

‫ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺭﻳﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺠﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ ﮔﺎﺯ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻜﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺠﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ ﮔﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻣﻜﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪41‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬

‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻮﺷﺎﺭژ‪ ،‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﻴﻔﻮﻟﺪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺭﮔﻼﺗﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻢ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﻜﺶ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻮﺷﺎﺭژ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻓﻨﺮ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﮔﻼﺗﻮﺭ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﻜﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﻜﺶ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ‬

‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻮﺷﺎﺭژ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻓﻨﺮ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﮔﻼﺗﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺭﮔﻼﺗﻮﺭ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻛﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻮﭼﻚﺗﺮ ﻣﻜﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .4‬ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻮﺷﺎﺭژ‬ ‫‪ .1‬ﺩﺭﭘﻮﺵ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ‬

‫‪ .5‬ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻮﺷﺎﺭژ‬ ‫‪ .2‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬
‫‪ .6‬ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﻫﻮﺍ‬ ‫‪ .3‬ﺭﮔﻼﺗﻮﺭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫‪42‬‬

 ‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬

‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﺗﺮ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺁﺏﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺷﻮﺩ‪) .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﺗﺮ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻣﻲﺍﻓﺘﺪ‪(.‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺁﺭﺍﻡ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪43‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬

 ‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦﻛﺎﺭﻱ‬

‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻭﻇﺎﻳﻒ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪،‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺯﺍﺋﺪ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺧﻨﻚ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺗﺎ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬

‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﻭ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭﻏﻦﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﺴﺖ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ )ﮔﺮﺍﻧﺮﻭﻱ(‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﻣﻌﻠﻖ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺳﻮﺏ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻒﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺭﻭﻏﻦﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬

‫‪45‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦﻛﺎﺭﻱ‬

‫ﺍﺟﺰﺍء ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦﻛﺎﺭﻱ‬

‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﻛﺎﺭﺗﺮ )‪(1‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻭﻳﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ )‪(2‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺷﻜﻦ )‪(3‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻦ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ )‪(4‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ )‪(5‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ )‪(6‬‬

‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦﻛﺎﺭﻱ‬

‫ﻛﺎﺭﺗﺮ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﻛﻒﻛﺎﺭﺗﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻭﻳﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ‪ ،‬ﻣﻜﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻭ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺷﻜﻦ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺠﺮﺍﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﻲ‬
‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺟﺎﺫﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬
‫)ﻛﺎﺭﺗﺮ( ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺮﻉ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺾ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫‪46‬‬

 ‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦﻛﺎﺭﻱ‬

‫ﻛﺎﺭﺗﺮ‬

‫ﻛﺎﺭﺗﺮ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻛﺎﺭﺗﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺗﻼﻃﻢ ﻭ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﺷﺪﻥ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪ ،‬ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﻴﭻ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪47‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦﻛﺎﺭﻱ‬

‫ﺍﻭﻳﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ‬

‫ﺍﻭﻳﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﻳﻚ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻒﻛﺎﺭﺗﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪) .‬ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻭﻳﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ( )‪(2‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻳﻚ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ﭼﺮﺧﺪﻧﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪(1) .‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺷﻜﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪(3) .‬‬

‫ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﺍﻭﻳﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺷﻜﻦ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﺩﺭﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭﻳﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻭﻳﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎ ﭼﺮﺧﺪﻧﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ)‪(1‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻭﻳﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎ ﭼﺮﺧﺪﻧﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ)‪(2‬‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫‪48‬‬

 ‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦﻛﺎﺭﻱ‬

‫ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬

‫ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪ ،‬ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺯﺍﺋﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ )‪ .(1‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻄﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﻛﺜﻴﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﺷﺪﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻦ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬

‫ﻣﺪﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻦ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻦ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺁﺏ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻦ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺩﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﺭﻭ‬
‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻦ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺘﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻦ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺘﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻦ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺘﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻦ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺘﺎﺕ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻦ‪ ،‬ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪49‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦﻛﺎﺭﻱ‬

‫ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﻚ ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ )ﺳﻮﻳﭻ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ( ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺗﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻃﻼﻉ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦﻛﺎﺭﻱ‬

‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳﺪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳﺪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺮﺭﻳﺰ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﺕ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮔﻴﺞ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺭﻭﻏﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺍﺻﻮﻟﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫‪50‬‬

 ‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦﻛﺎﺭﻱ‬

‫ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ )ﮔﺮﺍﻧﻮﻱ( ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬

‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬
‫ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﺮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ )‪.(1‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ )‪.(2‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬

‫ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﻂ ﺭﻭﻏﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺭﻧﻮ ﻭ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪51‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦﻛﺎﺭﻱ‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺳﻨﺞ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺳﻨﺞ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺭﺍﺑﻂﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺴﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫‪52‬‬

 ‫ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻮﺷﺎﺭژ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻮﺷﺎﺭژ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﮔﺸﺘﺎﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺟﺰﺍء ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻮﺷﺎﺭژ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻮﺷﺎﺭژ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﻲ ﺍﮔﺰﻭﺯ )‪(1‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ )‪(2‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﻲ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ )‪(3‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ )‪(4‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ )‪(5‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﺓ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ )‪.(6‬‬

‫‪53‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻮﺷﺎﺭﮊ‬

‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻮﺷﺎﺭژ‬

‫ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﻲ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻮﺷﺎﺭژ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺷﻔﺖ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﺩﺭﻣﻲﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﭙﺲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﮔﺰﻭﺯ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﭼﺮﺧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﺩﺭﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﻣﻲﻓﺮﺳﺘﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫‪54‬‬

 ‫ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻮﺷﺎﺭﮊ‬

‫ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ‬

‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ)‪ (1‬ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﮔﺰﻭﺯ‪،‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ )‪.(2‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ )‪ (3‬ﻭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻮﺷﺎﺭژﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻦ ﺁﺏ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻮﺷﺎﺭژ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮ ﻛﻮﻟﺮ )ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻦ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ(‬

‫ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻛﻮﻟﺮ)ﺧﻨﻚ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ( ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮ ﻛﻮﻟﺮ)ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ( ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﻴﺘﻪ )ﻏﻠﻈﺖ( ﻫﻮﺍ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪55‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻮﺷﺎﺭﮊ‬

‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻫﻮﺍ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﻻﻳﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﮔﺰﻭﺯ ﻋﺒﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻮﺷﺎﺭژ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﮔﺰﻭﺯ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎً ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺍﮔﺰﻭﺯ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪،‬‬

‫ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﮔﺰﻭﺯ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺳﻤﺖ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﮔﺰﻭﺯ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬

‫ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻧﮋﻛﺘﻮﺭ)‪ ،(ECU‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫‪56‬‬

 ‫ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻮﺷﺎﺭﮊ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻮﺷﺎﺭژ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳﺪ ﭼﺸﻤﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳﺪ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﺭﻭ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳﺪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺑﻪﺗﻮﺭﺑﻮﺷﺎﺭژ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻮﺷﺎﺭژ )ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ(‬
‫‪ -‬ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﻫﺮﻣﻬﺎ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺁﺏﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻛﻮﻟﺮ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺏﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪).‬ﺁﺏﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺟﺰء ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎﺳﺖ(‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳﺪ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻮﺷﺎﺭژ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳﺪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﻟﻘﻲ ﺷﻔﺖ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻮﺷﺎﺭژ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﺷﻔﺖ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ)ﻋﺪﻡ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ(‬
‫‪ -‬ﺧﺮﺍﺵ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺁﺏﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻮﺷﺎﺭژ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪57‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻮﺷﺎﺭﮊ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻮﺷﺎﺭژ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩﺭﻭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻮﺷﺎﺭژ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳﺪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﺳﻮﭘﺎپ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﺭﺍﺑﻂ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ﻭ ﺍﻫﺮﻡﺑﻨﺪﻱ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﺭﺍﺑﻂ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ :‬ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﺭﺍﺑﻂ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﻤﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﺧﺮﺍﺏ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﺭﺍﺑﻂ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻧﻤﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﺧﺮﺍﺏ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ﮔﻴﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫‪58‬‬

 ‫ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻮﺷﺎﺭﮊ‬

‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻮﺷﺎﺭژ‬

‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻮﺷﺎﺭژ ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰﻡ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻭ‬

‫ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﺭﺍﺑﻂ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻮﺷﺎﺭژ‬
‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻮﺷﺎﺭژﻫﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺖ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻮﺷﺎﺭژ‪ ،‬ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﭘﺮ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺭﺕ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪(.‬‬

‫‪59‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬