Sec 14. - Flooring

TABLE OF CONTENTS
14. FLOORING 14-1

14.1 GENERAL 14-1
14.2 EARTH FLOORING 14-1
14.3 MUD FLOORING 14-1
14.4 BRICK OR TILE FLOORING 14-2
14.5 MARBLE TILE FLOORING 14-3
14.6 GLAZED TILE OR CEMENT TILE FLOORING 14-5
14.7 MOSAIC TILES FLOORING 14-6
14.8 DRY BRICK PAVING 14-7
14.9 WOODEN FLOORS 14-7
14.10 BASE FOR FLOORING 14-8
14.11 CEMENT CONCRETE FLOORS 14-10
14.12 TERRAZZO / MOSAIC FLOOR 14-10
14.13 CONGLOMERATE FLOORING (CEMENT CONCRETE) 14-12
14.14 CONGLOMERATE FLOORING (TWO COAT WORK) 14-14
14.15 PVC TILES/SHEET FLOORING 14-15
14.16 REINFORCING STEEL / MESH 14-17
14.17 RUBBING AND POLISHING OLD MARBLE / MOSAIC FLOOR 14-17
14.18 FLAGGED FLOORING 14-18
14.19 MURUM FLOORING 14-19
14.20 GROUTING DRY BRICK WORK WITH CEMENT MORTAR 14-20
14.22 CARPET FLOORS/TILES 14-20
14.23 EPOXY FLOORING 14-22
14.24 LAMINATE FLOORING 14-25
14.25 ASPHALT FLOORING 14-26
14.26 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT 14-27
Technical Specifications Chapter-14
Vol-III, 2018 [Flooring]
14. FLOORING
GENERAL
The tier or levels which divide a building in two stages or storeys are called floors. These
are made of materials quite different both in composition and construction. They range from
relatively thin covering, contributing little or no structural strength to a building, to much
thicker materials capable of withstanding reasonable stresses, and in some designs,
essential to the strength of the building.
EARTH FLOORING
14.1.1 SCOPE
Unless otherwise specified, earth flooring shall be constructed in accordance with the
following specifications.
14.1.2 MATERIAL
Earth (clay) shall conform to following Specifications:
Source: Clay shall be obtained from good earth containing 20 % to 30% fine sand.
Quality: Clay shall not contain more than 0.5% soluble salts more than 0.2% sulphate and
more than 4% organic contents. It shall not contain any gravel, coarse sand, kanker roots of
the grass and plant.
14.1.3 LAYING AND CONSOLIDATION

Earth shall be placed in layers of six inches and shall be sprinkled with water and rammed to
such an extent that a layer of 6 inch thick loose earth evenly spread is reduced to 4 inches
in thickness. The consolidated surface shall be such that a very faint impression can be
made on it with the heel of a boot or the blow of a rammer.
14.1.4 MEASUREMENTS
Length and breadth of the flooring shall be measured correct to a cm and area shall be
calculated in square metres correct to two places of decimal. Length and breadth shall
be measured before laying skirting, dado or wall plaster. No deduction shall be made
nor extra paid for voids not exceeding 0.20 sqm. Deduction for ends of dissimilar
materials or other articles embedded shall not be made for areas not exceeding 0.10
sqm.
MUD FLOORING
14.1.5 SCOPE
Unless otherwise specified, mud flooring shall be constructed in accordance with the
14.1.6 MATERIAL
a) Earth (clay) shall conform to Specifications as mentioned above 14.2.
b) Mortar shall conform to Specifications in Section 11- Brickworks Mud Mortar.
Laying
After laying earth floors as per Specifications 14.2 for Earth Flooring, the surface shall be
finished with one-inch-thick mud plaster with gobri leeping conforming to Specifications in
Section 15.1.12 for Mud Plaster.
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14.1.7 MEASUREMENTS
sqm.
BRICK OR TILE FLOORING

14.1.8 SCOPE
Unless otherwise specified brick or tile flooring shall be constructed in accordance with the
following specifications:
14.1.9 MATERIAL
a) Brick or tile shall conform to Specifications as mentioned in Section 11 for Clay Bricks.
b) Mortar shall conform to Specifications as mentioned in Section 11– Brickwork, Mortars.
14.1.10 BASE
The construction and preparation of base for ground floor and subsequent levels shall
comply with the provisions of Clause 14.10.
14.1.11 WETTING OF BRICKS/TILES

Bricks or tiles shall be wetted in accordance with the Specifications mentioned in Section 11
for Brick work
14.1.12 PATTERN
The laying of bricks or tiles shall be plain, diagonal, herring-bone or any other specified
pattern.
14.1.13 JOINTS
a) Where pointing is not to be done the Joints shall not exceed 3/16 inch in thickness.
The mortar oozing out of the joints shall be struck off with trowel or wiped off with
damp cloth.
b) Where pointing is to be done the joints shall not exceed 3/8 inch in thickness. The
mortar in the Joint shall be raked out one inch deep while it is still green.
14.1.14 POINTING
Otherwise specified, the joints shall be flush pointed with specified mortar.
14.1.15 THICKNESS OF BEDDING MORTAR

Unless otherwise specified the floor shall be laid on 3/4-inch-thick minimum bed of specified
bedding mortar spread evenly on the base.
14.1.16 LAYING OF BRICKS/TILES

Bricks/tiles shall be laid with specified mortar in position on the bedding mortar.
14.1.17 PROTECTION
Flooring shall be allowed to mature, undisturbed, and protected from the effects of weather.
It shall be kept wet for at least 7 days after completion. If pointing is to be done, it shall be
kept wet for at least 14 days after the completion of pointing.
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14.1.18 SURFACE
Surface shall be finished to specified levels. All joints shall be uniform, true and parallel and
square bricks shall be rubbed to ensure this where it is very necessary, without extra cost.
14.1.19 EDGE WITH BULL NOSED BRICKS

No damaged bricks or tiles shall be used. Bats shall not be used except to close any course
of bricks or tiles. Unless otherwise specified, the overhanging edge of the paving shall be
finished off by special bull-nosed bricks.
14.1.20 MEASUREMENTS
sqm.
MARBLE TILE FLOORING

14.1.21 SCOPE
Unless otherwise specified marble flooring shall be constructed In accordance with the
14.1.22 MARBLE
Marble slabs of an approved quality shall be used. The marble shall be super white,
Lasbela, Ziarat, Loralai or Badal as specified.
14.1.23 MORTARS
Cement sand mortar on which marble tiles are placed shall be 1:3 unless otherwise
specified
14.1.24 BASE
For ground and subsequent floors, the base shall be laid as per Specifications 14.10.
14.1.25 SIZE COLOUR AND PATTERN

Marble shall be of the size colour and pattern, as specified.
14.1.26 THICKNESS DRESSING OF EDGES AND JOINTS

All slabs shall have a true plain surface and shall be accurately sawn; truly square at edges
to the full thickness. All marble slabs shall have a minimum thickness of 3/4" of an Inch. No
Joints shall be more than 1/16 of an Inch in thickness. Slabs projecting over the edges of
veranda or steps shall have their edges finished with a bull-nosed ending.
14.1.27 PREPARATION OF BASE

Before laying marble slabs, the surface of the base shall be washed and scrubbed with wire
brushes. Where they are to be laid directly over roof slab, the later shall be roughened while
it is still green.
14.1.28 THICKNESS OF BEDDING MORTARS

Marble slabs shall be laid over Specified bedding mortar not more than 3/4 of an inch thick.
14.1.29 LAYING
Slabs shall be laid in position on bedding mortar in specified pattern. The joints shall be filled
with specified putty.
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14.1.30 LEVELS
The surface of marble slabs when laid shall be perfectly true, level, projected or sloped.
14.1.31 PROTECTION AND CURING

The floor shall be protected from the effects of weather. During the progress of work and for
10 days after laying the floor shall be kept watered. Three clear days shall be given for
setting before anyone is allowed to walk over, but no weight shall be brought on the surface
till 7 clear days have elapsed after the completion of laying.
14.1.32 POLISHING
The day after the tiles are laid all joints shall be cleaned of the cement grout containing
matching pigment with a wire brush or trowel and all dust and loose mortar removed and
cleaned. Joints shall then be grouted with grey or white cement mixed with or without
pigment to match the shape of the marble tiles.
The surface shall thereafter be grounded evenly with machine fitted with coarse grade
grit block (No. 60). Water shall be used profusely during grinding. After grinding the
surface shall be thoroughly washed to remove all grinding mud, cleaned and mopped.
It shall then be covered with a thin coat of grey or white cement, mixed with or without
pigment to match the colour of the topping of the wearing surface in order to fill any pin
hole that appear. The surface shall be again cured. The second grinding shall then be
carried out with machine fitted with fine grade grit block (No. 120).
The final grinding with machine fitted with the finest grade grit blocks (No. 320) shall be
carried out the day after the second grinding described in the preceding para or before
handing over the floor, as ordered by the Engineer-in-Charge.
For small areas or where circumstances so require, hand grinding/polishing with hand
grinder may be permitted in lieu of machine polishing after laying. For hand polishing the
following carborundum stones, shall be used:
1st grinding — coarse grade stone (No. 60)

Second grinding — medium grade (No. 80)
Final grinding — fine grade (No. 120)
In all other respects, the process shall be similar as for machine polishing. After the final
polish, oxalic acid shall be dusted over the surface at the rate of 33 gm per square
metre sprinkled with water and rubbed hard with a pad of woollen rags. The following day
the floor shall be wiped with a moist rag and dried with a soft cloth and finished clean.
If any marble tile is disturbed or damaged, it shall be refitted or replaced, properly jointed
and polished. The finished floor shall not sound hollow when tapped with a wooden
mallet.
14.1.33 MEASUREMENT
Length and breadth shall be measured before laying skirting, dado or wall plaster. No
deduction shall be made nor extra paid for voids not exceeding 0.20 sqm. Deductions for
ends of dissimilar materials or other articles embedded shall not be made for areas not
exceeding 0.10 sqm.
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The flooring done either with strips (in one operation) or without strips (in alternate panels)
shall be treated as same and measured together.
14.1.34 RATE
Marble stone flooring with different kind of marble shall be measured separately and in
square metre correct to two places of decimal. Length and breadth shall be measured
correct to a cm before laying skirting, dado or wall plaster. No deduction shall be made
nor extra paid for voids not exceeding 0.20 square metre. Deductions for ends of
dissimilar materials or other articles embedded shall not be made for areas not
exceeding 0.10 square metre. Nothing extra shall be paid for laying the floor at
different levels in the same room. Steps and treads of stairs paved with marble stone
slabs shall also be measured under the different item of work. The width of treads shall be
measured from the outer edge of the nosing, as laid, before providing the riser.
GLAZED TILE OR CEMENT TILE FLOORING

14.1.35 SOURCE
Unless otherwise specified, the work of glazed tile or cement tile flooring shall be done in
accordance with the Specifications 14.4 for Brick or Tile Flooring in all respects, except with
the following modifications:
14.1.36 GLAZED TILES

The glazed tiles shall be of an approved quality as specified hereunder.
a) Composition
Glazed tiles shall be manufactured from ball clay, china stone & flint fired to not less than
1200 ˚C.
b) Quality
The tiles shall be non-slippery fully glazed on the face, uniform in colour free from cracks
and other defects arises to be sharp and true.
c) Shape
Tiles shall be true and even face and even thickness throughout. The backs shall be with
bond undercut key sufficient to ensure a good grip of the fixing medium. For wall tiling the
tiles shall have holed formed in the edges to take galvanized or copper clamps.
14.6.2.1 MEASUREMENTS
exceeding 0.10 sqm. The flooring done either with strips (in one operation) or without
strips (in alternate panels) shall be treated as same and measured together.
14.1.37 CEMENT TILES

Cement tile shall be of an approved quality as specified. All tiles shall be laid in water for 36
hours before they are laid. The joints shall not be more than 1/16 of an inch which shall be
grouted with cement, matching the colour of the tiles. When necessary the tiles shall be cut
with wire saw to the exact size having a clean sharp edge so as to have fine joints. Saw dust
shall be used as the work proceeds for removing stains etc.
MEASUREMENTS
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exceeding 0.10 sqm.
MOSAIC TILES FLOORING

Unless otherwise specified mosaic tile flooring shall be done in accordance with the
Specifications No. 14.4 For Brick or Tile Flooring in all respect, except with the following
modifications: -
The mosaic tiles shall conform to the following Specifications:
14.1.38 SOURCE
The mosaic tiles shall be obtained from an approved source. If manufactured by the
Employer through a contractor, the method of manufacturing shall be 'approved by the
Engineer-in-charge.
14.1.39 QUALITY
Tiles shall be hydraulically pressed and fully cured. They shall be uniform in colour, free from
cracks and other defects like efflorescence and crazing, the arises to be sharp and true.
Pattern tiles shall bear the approved pattern on their faces. Mosaic tiles shall have polished
surfaces. The constituent materials shall be as specified by the Engineer-in-charge.
14.1.40 SHAPE
Tiles shall be true and even on face and of even thickness throughout. The backs shall be
with bond under-cut key sufficient to ensure a good grip of the fixing medium. For wall tiling,
tiles shall have holes formed in the edges to take galvanized or copper cramps.
14.1.41 SIZE
The size of the tile shall be as specified.
14.1.42 TEST
A fully dried tile when immersed in water for any length of time shall not absorb water more
than 2.5 per cent of the weight of dry tile.
14.1.43 LAYING OF TILES

All tiles shall be kept in water for 36 hours before they are laid.
The joints shall not be more than 1/16 of an inch which shall be grouted with specified
mortar.
The joints shall be rubbed with very fine carborandum stone so that slight projections or
edges of mortar etc. rising above the surface of tiles are levelled.
exceeding 0.10 sqm.
DRY BRICK PAVING

14.1.45 SCOPE
Unless otherwise specified dry brick paving shall be done in accordance with the following
specifications
14.1.46 MATERIAL
a) Bricks shall conform to Specifications as mentioned in Section 11 for Clay Bricks.
b) Sand shall conform to Specifications No. 14.10 for Base for Flooring.
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c) Mud mortar shall conform to Specifications as mentioned in Section 11 - Brickwork.
14.1.47 PREPARING SURFACE

The ground surface shall be thoroughly watered, well rammed and shall be dressed to the
specified slope, camber or cross grade.
14.1.48 LAYING
Bricks shall be laid dry, on edge or flat in the specified pattern over half an inch-thick mud
plaster given on the surface. The joints shall not exceed one quarter of an inch in thickness.
After laying the bricks the Joints shall be sand grouted. Where required, the joints shall be
filled with specified cement sand mortar.
14.1.49 MEASUREMENT
sqm.
Brick flooring when laid in diagonal herring bone bond or other pattern as specified or
directed by the Engineer-in-Charge shall be measured separately.
WOODEN FLOORS
14.1.50 FLOOR BEARER GROUND FLOOR
In the case of ground floors, floor joists (bridging joists) shall rest on pillars, dwarf walls, rails
or beams as may be specified.
The plinth under the flooring shall be excavated to the depth specified by the Engineer-in-
charge and dressed level and rammed. If directed a suitable protective layer as approved by
the Engineer-in-Charge shall be laid otherwise dwarf walls or pillars shall be built on the
specified concrete foundation. The dimensions and spacing shall be as indicated in the
drawings or otherwise directed by the Engineer-in-Charge.
14.1.51 FLOOR BEARER SUSPENDED FLOORS

In the case of upper floors, the bridging joists shall rest on wall plates, beams, rails or on
other joists as shown on the drawings, or otherwise directed by the Engineer-in-Charge.
14.1.52 FLOOR BEARERS MATERIAL AND FIXING

The timber for the floor joists shall be of the kind specified and shall be in accordance with
the specifications for wood work. The full number of joists for each continuous floor shall be
laid and dressed to one level and tested before flooring is commenced.
14.1.53 PRESERVATIVES
All joists wall plates, bearers and the underside of planking shall be given two coats of hot
wood preservative such as solignum creosote or coal tar as directed by the Engineer-in-
Charge. The rate does not include this work, which shall be paid for separately according to
the rates for painting with these materials.
14.1.54 BOARDING MATERIALS AND SIZE

The boarding for the floor shall not be planned on the underside in the case of ground floors
and suspended floors to be coiled. Unless otherwise specified or shown in the drawings, in
the case of deodar, kail or chir wood, the boards or battens shall be 1-1/2”, inches thick, not
more than 6” inches wide and not more than 20 feet long. In the case of teak, they shall be
1-inch-thick, 4 inches wide and as long as possible. No board shall be less than 6 feet long,
the ends being truly squared up after any split portion has been sawn off. All boards shall be
uniform and parallel in width and shall have the same thickness.
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14.1.55 JOINTS
The planks shall be planed true on one side (on both sides for uncoiled upper floors) the
edges to be planed, rebated or tongued and grooved as directed by the Engineer-in-charge.
Unless otherwise specified, the edges shall be tongued and grooved, with concealed joints
for teak wood floors, and rebated joints for other floors.
14.1.56 PLANKING METHOD OF LAYING

The outer lines of boarding shall be accurately fixed paralleled with and close to the wall.
Each subsequent line shall have the side joints carefully joined up and shall then be
cramped into position by floor cramps, and nailed or screwed as specified, so that the heads
shall be sunk below the finished surface of floor, or otherwise fixed with "secret joints". The
cramps shall not be removed until the nails or screws have been fixed. The ends of plank
shall rest on the centre of joist, and the ends of no two adjacent planks shall be on the same
joist. Paved floors shall be stopped under a brass strip screwed to wooden floors where the
two meet.
14.1.57 NAILS AND SCREWS

The nails or screws shall be subject to the approval of the Engineer-in-charge and shall
have a length at least twice the thickness of the plank, two being used at each end and one
at every Intermediate joist alternately on opposite sides of the plank. All screws shall be
oiled before Insertion.
14.1.58 PLANNING
After the floor has been laid, it shall be planned in both directions and made perfectly
smooth. All depressions in the wood nail holes and all small defects of every kind, where
permitted by the Engineer-In-charge to remain in the work, shall unless otherwise specified,
be filled with "Beaumont age" or stopping out wax.
14.1.59 MEASUREMENT
Length and height shall be measured correct to a cm and its area shall be calculated in
sqm correct to two places of decimals for a specified the thickness. Length shall be
measured as the finished length of skirting. Height shall be measured from the finished
level of floor correct to 5 mm.
BASE FOR FLOORING

Unless otherwise specified, the base of all ground floors shall be constructed in accordance
with the following specifications:
14.1.60 PREPARATION OF SUB-BASE

Earth (clay) conforming to following Specifications shall be used for sub-base:
Source:
Clay shall be obtained from good earth approved by the Engineer-in-Charge containing 20
% to 30% fine sand.
Quality:
Clay shall not contain more than 0.5 % soluble salts more than 0.2 % sulphate and more
than 4% organic contents. It shall not contain any gravel, coarse sand, kanker, the grass
and plant.
Earth filling shall be done up to the specified level in a layer of six inches and shall be
properly watered and consolidated as specified hereunder:
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Earth shall be placed in layers and shall be sprinkled with water and rammed to such an
extent that a layer of 6 inches thick loose earth evenly spread is reduced to 4 inches in
thickness. The consolidated surface shall be such that a very faint impression can be made
on it with the heel of boot or the blow of hammer.
The sub-base shall be properly levelled before sand filling.
14.1.61 SAND FILLING

Sand filling shall be done as specified and shown on Drawings in layers not more than 3
Inches thick and shall be rammed after saturation to such an extent that a three-Inch layer is
reduced to about two Inches after compaction.
Sand shall conform in all respects to the specifications for fine aggregate under Section 5 –
Plain Reinforced Concrete except for its grading i.e. it shall pass through a sieve No. 16 and
not more than 30 per cent shall pass through a sieve No. 100.
14.1.62 BRICK BALLAST

Brick ballast to be used in the base of floors shall be obtained from well burnt or over-burnt
bricks which are hard, durable and strong. Brick ballast shall be free from impurities, quarry
sap, dust, dirt; and solubility characteristics. The size of brick ballast shall be specified or as
directed by the Engineer-in-Charge.
14.1.63 CONCRETE
Concrete shall be cement concrete as specified and shown on drawings complying with the
provisions of Section 5 – Plain and Reinforced Concrete.
14.1.64 CONCRETE LAYING

Concrete shall be laid in one operation in a uniform layer of specified thickness, absolutely
true and parallel to the required level of the finished surface and to the entire satisfaction of
the Engineer-in-charge.
14.1.65 SURFACING TO BOND WITH CONCRETE

Concrete shall be cured for at least 7 days before any topping is laid. The surface shall be
kept wet and protected from earth, dirt or other foreign matter. Before laying the topping, 'the
surface' shall be washed and scrubbed with wire brushes so that the concrete and the
topping are well bonded.
14.1.66 LEVELS AND SLOPES

Unless otherwise specified, the base shall be perfectly level. A slope of 1:64 shall, however,
be provided in veranda and bath rooms.
14.1.67 BASE FOR FIRST & SUBSEQUENT FLOORS

The top surface of the roof slabs shall be roughened with wire brushes while it is still green.
The base shall be constructed with cement concrete complying with the provisions of
Section 5 – Plain and reinforced concrete, as specified, shown on drawings and approved
by the Engineer-in-Charge. The brickbats shall be placed under concrete where specified.
Further operations shall comply with the requirements of preparation of base for ground
floor.
CEMENT CONCRETE FLOORS

a) They comprise cement concrete (1:2:4) topping laid in panels over a base. Thickness of
topping varies with requirement. The thickness varies from 1-1/2 inch to 3 inches. For 1-1/2”
or more thickness, it can be laid either in single or double layers. In later case half an inch-
thick wearing surface composed of 1 part of cement and 2 parts of very fine aggregate is
laid immediately on the lower layer of cement concrete in the ratio of 1:3:6 by volume. To
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avoid, cracks the area of a panel is restricted to 16 square feet unless otherwise approved
by the Engineer-in-Charge
b) The concrete for flooring shall comply with the requirements of Section 5 – Plain &
Reinforced Concrete.
c) Division strips shall be cut from 5 mm thick glass plate in width as specified in drawings or
as directed by the Engineer-in-Charge
TERRAZZO / MOSAIC FLOOR

14.1.68 SCOPE
The work shall include furnishing all labour material and equipment and performing all
operations as required to lay the Terrazzo floors which include but is not limited to;
- Sub-base in sand and brick ballast and terrazzo wearing course in accordance
with Clause 14.10.
- Base in cement concrete as specified.
- Grinding and polishing or washing if not polished.
- Skirting, Dado in Terrazzo.
14.1.69 MATERIALS
a) Cement, Sand, Aggregate for concrete and water shall conform to relevant
specifications given in Section - 5, Concrete.
b) Sub-base / Base shall conform to the provisions of Clause 14.10.
c) Marble chips shall be crushed marble and shall be best quality white or coloured. It
shall have an abrasive hardness of not less than 16 and the size shall vary from
No. 4 to 8 as specified or as directed by the Engineer-in-Charge.
d) Dividing strips of glass shall be 5mm thick and 38mm wide or as required in the
Drawings.
e) Mineral Pigment for colouring the matrix of terrazzo / mosaic shall be of the best
quality and purity and shall be alkali resistant, sun proof and lime proof with a
specific gravity similar to that of Portland Cement and as approved by the
Engineer-in-Charge.
f) Commercial products for polish shall be of the best quality available as approved
by the Engineer-in-Charge.
14.1.70 BASE & WEARING SURFACE

The ground shall be prepared and sub - base laid as Shown in the Drawings in accordance
with the requirements of sub-section 14.10. Concrete of 220 kg/cm2 strength (1:2:4) shall
then be mixed and laid in the manner specified for cement concrete floor, using a minimum
quantity of water for workability. The net thickness specified for wearing surface shall be that
obtained after grinding and polishing.
14.1.71 DIVIDING STRIPS

Floors shall be laid in panels of about 1.2 x 1.2 meters or of size and pattern as shown on
the Drawings. Dividing strips of glass as specified shall be provided and fixed to exact levels
making an allowance for grinding. Glass strips shall not be less than 5 mm thick and of width
equal to the total thickness of cement concrete base and terrazzo topping or as specified or
as directed by the Engineer-in-Charge.
14.1.72 PLACEMENT
The cement concrete base shall be levelled with a trowel and straight edge, consolidated
and finished with steel trowels to an even but rough surface. the top layer of cement marble
chips mixed in the proportion of 1:2 (1 cement and 2 marble chips) and pigment, if required,
shall be laid over it within 24 hours. The cement and marble chips must be mixed dry in
such quantities as are sufficient for a unit of specified shade. Water shall be added to only
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such quantities as can be mixed thoroughly and consumed in less than 30 minutes, the
quantity of water being. the minimum for workability. Mixing must be done on water tight
platform and any mix not used within 30 minutes shall be discarded .and removed from the
site. A layer of cement and marble chipping mixture should be well trowelled into the surface
of the base concrete before filling to the top level of the screeds. The layer should be well
compacted and all voids shall. be filled in. A layer of neat cement, of the specified colour
shall then be well trowelled into the surface leaving a plain smooth surface.
14.1.73 SURFACE GRINDING & FINISHING

a) Plain Finish
Three days after laying, the top layer must be evenly and smoothly machine ground with
carborandum blocks of course, medium and the fine grades so as to ensure that all marble
chipping are evenly exposed all over the surface. If marble chips are not evenly exposed,
the Contractor shall remove the surface and relay it at his own cost. After the first grinding,
the floor shall be thoroughly grouted with the same cement and colour composition as
specified for the mosaic' mix. The grout shall be of the consistency of thick cream and shall
be brushed over the floor to eliminate all depressions and thoroughly fill the surface for final
grinding. The surface after grinding shall be left undisturbed and cured for 2 or 3 weeks,
after which it shall be cleaned of dirt and dust by rubbing gently with pumice stone or
washing soda in sufficient water. Three days after the surface has been cleaned it shall be
rubbed hard with 1:10 solution of oxalic acid using felt. The surface shall then be cleaned
and washed with plenty of water. After the surface has dried a final gloss shall be given by
polishing the surface to the satisfaction of the. Engineer-in-Charge. The walls and all
surfaces of the finished works of other trades shall be properly protected from damage and
spoiling during the process of grinding and washing of the mosaic. After the finish grinding
has been completed and the surface treatment and polish applied, the mosaic work shall be
covered and protected with material approved by the Engineer-in-Charge until completion of
the work of all other trades.
b) Washed Mosaic - Rough Finish

Before the mosaic is hardened the top surface shall be brushed down. Plenty of water
being used in this process. The brushing shall continue till the matrix is removed and each
piece of marble chips is clearly exposed. If brushing of surface does not produce desired
results tooling process shall be carried out by kango Hammer. After whole of the area is
evenly exposed the surface shall be sprayed with water and lightly brushed down cleaning
all the adhering mortar and revealing the true colour of the marble chips.
Length and breadth shall be measured correct to a cm before laying skirting, dado or
wall plaster. The area as laid shall be calculated in sqm correct to two decimal places.
The thickness of the under layer shall be measured correct to a cm. The thickness of
top layer shall not be less than that specified.
No deduction shall be made, nor extra paid for voids not exceeding 0.20 square metre.
Deduction for ends of dissimilar materials or other articles embedded shall not be made
for areas not exceeding 0.10 square metre. Nothing extra shall be paid for laying the
floor at different levels in the same room or courtyard.
Terrazo (Marble Chips) flooring laid as floor borders, margins and similar bands upto
30 cm width and on staircase treads shall be measured under the item of terrazo
flooring but extra shall be paid for such work. This extra in the case of staircase treads
shall include the cost of forming the nosing also. However, moulded nosing shall be paid
for staircase treads etc. extra in running metres except where otherwise stated, returned
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moulded ends and angles to mouldings shall be included in the description. Extra
shall also be paid for laying flooring in narrow bands not exceeding 7.5 cm in width
and such bands shall be measured in running metres for this purpose.
Special surface finishes to treads, risers and the ends of concrete steps and the like
shall be measured separately and given in square metres and shall include form work, if
required.
14.1.75 TERRAZZO DADO & SKIRTING
The plastered surface over which the dado/skirting is to be applied shall be well roughened
and watered; cement mortar of specified ratio shall then be plastered over this well
roughened surface to. the indicated thickness. Before the base course has set the layer of
mosaic mixture shall be well trowelled into the surface of the base to a thickness which
after grinding shall result in the finished thickness. A layer of neat cement of the specified
colour shall then be well trowelled into the surface leaving a plain smooth surface. The
Contractor shall start finishing as specified for floors above. Mosaic skirting shall be
provided around all mosaic floors unless shown otherwise. Skirting and dado shall' be
straight, level and in plumb. Intersections at floors shall be straight and flush.
14.1.76 MEASUREMENT:
Same as 14.12.7
CONGLOMERATE FLOORING (CEMENT CONCRETE)

Unless otherwise specified, the conglomerate flooring shall be constructed in accordance
with the following specifications.
14.1.77 MATERIALS
a) Cement shall conform to ASTM C150 / C150M -09 Standard Specifications for Portland
Cement.
b) Fine Aggregate
Source:
Fine Aggregate shall be obtained from an approved source.
Grading:
Fine Aggregate shall consist of well graded sand, stone screening or other inert material of
similar characteristics, or a combination of these. The whole of it shall pass through 3/16
inch sieve and 2 to 10 per cent through sieve No. 100.
Cleanliness:
Fine aggregate shall be clean and free from clay lumps, soft and flaky particles shale, alkali,
organic matter, loam, mica and injurious amounts of deleterious substances. The sum of
percentages of all deleterious substances shall not exceed 5 per cent by weight.
Quality:
Fine aggregate shall be sharp, cubical, hard dense and durable.
Storage:
Fine aggregate shall be stacked on a brick, wooden or other suitable platform so as to
adequately protect it from dust and other impurities.
(c) Coarse Aggregate

Source:
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Coarse aggregate shall be obtained from an approved source.

Grading:
Coarse aggregate shall be well graded within the range of 3/16 in to 3 in of any size or range
of sizes within such limits as actually specified for any particular work. It shall consist of
quarried or crushed stone or other inert material or combination of these as specified.
Cleanliness:
Coarse aggregate shall be clean and free from soft, friable, thin or elongated pieces, alkali,
organ matter, or injurious amounts of deleterious substances. The sum of the percentage of
all deleterious substances in any size shall not exceed 3 per cent by weight.
Quality:
Coarse aggregate shall consist of well-shaped, hard, dense, durable, uncoated rock
fragments or brick bats.
Storage:
Coarse aggregate shall be stacked on a brick, wooden or other suitable platform so as to
adequately protect it from dust and other admixtures. Each type and size of aggregate shall
be stacked separately.
(d) Water
Source:
Water for construction shall be obtained from an approved source.
Quality:
Water shall be free from earth, vegetable, organic impurities and any other substance likely
to cause efflorescence or interfere with setting of mortars or otherwise prove harmful to the
work. Broadly speaking any water which does not show any intensive odour or brackish
taste shall be considered suitable for building works, whereas water fit for drinking shall be
accepted as suitable for all engineering works. PH value of water shall range between 6 & 8.
Storage:
Water shall be stored in watertight tanks or containers so as to be adequately protected from
the admixture of dust and other foreign matter.
14.1.78 BASE
The base for ground and subsequent floors shall be laid as per Specifications 14.10.
14.1.79 OPERATION
Unless otherwise specified conglomerate flooring shall consist of laying a topping of cement
concrete of specified thickness over the base.
14.1.80 RATIO OF CONCRETE

Unless otherwise specified cement concrete used for topping shall be of the ratio 1:2:4 by
volume and shall conform to Section 5 – Plain & Reinforced Concrete.
14.1.81 DIVIDING INTO PANELS

Before laying the topping. the surface of the base shall be divided into symmetrical panels
by wooden or iron screeds. Unless otherwise specified the area of panel shall not exceed 16
square feet. The top of the screed shall be adjusted to the specified level of the finished floor
surface.
14.1.82 PREPARATION OF BASE

Before the laying of topping the surface of base concrete shall be washed and scrubbed
with wire brushes so that topping and the base concrete are well bonded. Where topping is
to be laid directly on roof slab, It shall be roughened while it is still green.
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14.1.83 MIXING AND PLACING

Mixing and placing of concrete shall be in accordance with the Section 5 – Plain &
Reinforced Concrete.
14.1.84 CONSOLIDATION
Placing operation shall be specifically timed. No sooner the concrete has been evenly
spread in a panel, than it shall be beaten for about 5 to 10 minutes with "wooden thapies"
(about 5 Ibs weight).
14.1.85 FINISHING
Immediately after consolidation, the surface shall be levelled with a wooden trowel.
Excessive trowelling in the early stage shall be avoided. The surface shall be tested with a
straight edge to detect undulations, which, if found, shall be eliminated. The fines in the
concrete which has come to the surface with the stroking shall be quickly but carefully
smoothed with the steel trowel. When the concrete has hardened sufficiently, trowelling shall
be done with steel trowel. No dry cement or a mixture of dry cement with sand shall be
sprinkled on the surface for hardening the surface.
14.1.86 CURING
The concrete for topping shall be cured in accordance with Section 5 – Plain & Reinforced
Concrete.
14.1.87 PRESERVING PANELS ALREADY LAID

After 24 hours of laying, the screeds shall be removed and strips of non-absorbent paper
placed against the exposed side and folded over the finished surface so as to prevent
concrete of adjoining panels from adhering to the edge or spreading over the finished
surface. Panels shall be laid alternately, where possible; the adjoining panels shall be laid at
an interval of 24 hours.
CONGLOMERATE FLOORING (TWO COAT WORK)
Unless otherwise specified, the conglomerate flooring (two coat work) shall be constructed
in accordance with Specifications 14.13 for Conglomerate Floor (Single coat) except with
the following modifications: -
i) It shall be laid in two layers with a top layer half an inch thick, wearing surface composed of
cement and fine aggregate conforming to the provisions of Sub-section 14.13.1 and a
bottom layer of cement concrete conforming to Specifications as mentioned in Section 5 –
Plain & Reinforced Concrete, of specified thickness.
ii) Unless otherwise specified, the cement concrete for the bottom layer shall be composed of
one cubic foot of cement, 3 cubic feet of fine aggregate and 6 cubic feet of coarse aggregate
by volume and shall conform to the applicable provisions of Section 5 – Plain & Reinforced
Concrete.
iii) Unless otherwise specified, the surface layer shall compose of one part of cement and two
parts of fine aggregate by volume. The pigment of approved shade and colour may be
added to give the desired colour to the topping layer.
iv) The bottom layer shall be brought to a level so that top layer shall have a minimum
thickness of half an inch. The bottom layer shall be thoroughly compacted by tamping but
shall not be finished smooth. While the bottom layer Is still plastic, the top layer shall be
placed over it and levelled with a steel float after light tapping for five minutes.
PVC TILES/SHEET FLOORING: -
a) General
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Such flooring shall consist of PVC flexible sheet or tile of the colour as per drawings or
directed by the Engineer-in-Charge. It shall conforms to the relevant Standards
ASTM-D 2859 Flammability of finished materials vinyl-asbestos tile or flooring.

ASTM-D 3564 Application of floor polishes to maintain vinyl- asbestos tile or flooring.
BSS 3260 PVC (vinyl) asbestos floor tiles.
BSS 3261 Unpacked flexible PVC flooring.
b) Types of PVC Flooring/Tiles
PVC Tiles (Static): PVC tiles / sheet of requisite thickness shall be of best quality available in
the Country. Size, colour, shade and adhesive shall be as per the sample which shall be
submitted by the Contractor and approved by the Engineer.
PVC Tiles (Anti-static): PVC tiles / sheet of requisite thickness shall be of best quality
available in the Country Size, colour, shade, import quality copper strips and conductive
adhesive shall be as per the sample which shall be submitted by the Contractor and
approved by the Engineer.
Following shall be the technical requirements;
For new floors between two dry contact electrodes no individual reading shall be greater
than 5 x 106 Ω than 2x 104 Ω. The average of all readings shall remain between 2 x 106 Ω
and 5 x 104 Ω.
For existing floors between two dry contact electrodes no individual reading shall be greater
than 5 x 10 7Ω. The average of all readings shall be 2 x107Ω.
c) Installation Method
1) PVC Static Flooring Sheets/Tiles
The base shall be prepared as per thickness shown on drawings keeping the margin of tile
thickness. After the base is cured, any irregularities found on the base shall be filled in and
levelled before the application of tiles. Surface to receive tiles shall be thoroughly cleaned of
all dirt, dust, oil and other objectionable matter. Approved manufacturer’s recommended
adhesive shall be applied as per specifications and in quantities recommended by him.
Tiles/sheets shall be laid starting from one side of the room or as per the instructions of the
Engineer and shall be so pressed that complete adhesion takes place.
Tiles/sheet shall be cut where required with suitable cutting tool and rough edges shall be
rubbed smooth. Tiles shall be laid to straight edges as per approved pattern
2) PVC Anti-Static Flooring Sheets / Tiles
d) Preparation of Base
The base shall be prepared as per thickness shown on drawings keeping the margin of tile
thickness and network of Copper Strips. After the base is cured, any irregularities found on
the base shall be filled in and levelled before the application of sheets/ tiles. Surface to
receive tiles / sheets shall be thoroughly cleaned-off all dirt, dust, oil and other objectionable
matter. Approved manufacturer’s recommended adhesive shall be applied as per
specifications and in quantities recommended by him. Tiles/sheets shall be laid starting from
15
one side of the room or as per the instructions of the Engineer and shall be so pressed that
complete adhesion is ensured. Tiles/sheets shall be cut where required with suitable cutting
tool and rough edges shall be rubbed smooth. Tiles shall be laid to straight edges as per
approved pattern.
e) Fitting the Copper Mesh
Lay the full lengths of copper strips across the room on both sides cutting each other. Each
strip must be at a distance of 12” from each other and 24” from the other. The joints of these
sheets must be properly acid welded. Keep as many points of the copper strip as you require
out from the ends for earthing purpose. Similarly the whole copper grid must be properly
earthed. To do so one part of this grid shall be attached to the earthing point of the room.
The non-static tiles shall then be laid on the floor. This grid shall only be necessary for
assuring the continuity. The strip shall pass beneath of the tile to give proper resistance.
f) Fixing PVC Floor Tiles / Sheets (Anti-Static)
 Mark out the room area with chalk lines across length and width, positioned to allow
for reasonably sized tile cuts on all sides.
 The new trowel blade enclosed with the adhesive shall be fitted when starting the
pack and used for spreading one pack only.
 Stir the adhesive before use.
 Spread the adhesive evenly holding the blade at an angle of about 60 degrees.
 Good transfer is essential; the area spread with adhesive at any time shall be limited
to ensure that all the tiles and cuts can be laid while the adhesive is still wet.
Commence tiles laying at the point first spread so that the adhesive has been left
open for approximately 15 minutes. The actual area spread and the open time shall
depend on the absorbency of the sub-floor and ambient conditions. Do not spread
more than one pack at a time.
 Ensure electrical conductivity by overlapping adjacent areas of adhesive application.
 Put tiles closely and press them firmly to the floor to give good contact over the
whole tile area.
 Approximately 1-hour after laying the tiles apply suitable pressure on them to ensure
overall good contact. Care shall be taken that adhesive shall not squeeze up
between the tiles, and if it happens then immediate cleaning of it shall be necessary.
 Dried adhesive residue shall be removed with a slightly abrasive cloth.
g) Traffic
Electrical testing shall be carried out until at least 21-hours after completing the installation.
The method shall be as laid down or as specified. The following summarizes the procedure
recommended in NHS technical memorandum No. 2 (1977)
h) Equipment
An insulation testing ohm meter having an approximate open circuit voltage of 500 volts DC
and capable of measuring resistance values of between 104 and 5 x 107Ω.
i) Method
The finished surface of concrete screed as floor base shall be washed thoroughly and then
be allowed to dry (no test shall be carried out within 2-hours of floor being wetted) with
subsequent wiping over it with a dry cloth. Place the electrodes approximately 12” apart and
measure the resistance between them. In order to check the actual resistance the black
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bottom layer shall have to be checked, to do this either puncture a tiny hole on the surface of
the tile or check the resistance from the left out copper strips on the ends of the floor.
REINFORCING STEEL / MESH

The work for procurement and placing of the reinforcing steel shall conform to the applicable
provisions of Section 5 – Plain & Reinforced Concrete.
RUBBING AND POLISHING OLD MARBLE / MOSAIC FLOOR

14.1.88 SCOPE
The work shall include furnishing all materials, tools and plant, labour, equipment etc. as
well as performing all operations to complete the work in workman like manner in
accordance with the herein stated specifications, stipulations and requirements except when
such stipulations and requirements are specially modified by the Engineer-in-Charge in
connection therewith.
14.1.89 PREPARATION OF SURFACE

i) If the old marble/mosaic floor is firm and sound, grinding of the surface shall be done with a
coarse Carborandum brick or disk, using water freely. The whole surface is then scrubbed
using plenty of water, till all dirt, grease, projections and the grinding mud is removed.
ii) If the surface bears holes, cracks and other inequalities, these shall be raked out, squarely
shaped and cut to a depth and then filled with a fine, identically tinted mix, well pressed in by
a trowel, in accordance with specifications prescribed. Filling in of the squarely cut patches
shall be kept a little above (generally 6mm or as specified or as directed by the Engineer-in-
Charge) the rest of the floor. These patches shall be kept damp till the second grinding of
the floor surface is done.
iii) The second grinding shall be done after a further five days using a finer grained
Carborandum brick or disk and this shall complete the grinding unless there are still faulty
patches, which must be filled as specified or as directed by the Engineer and a third grinding
carried out.
iv) After each grinding, the floor shall be washed thoroughly, but after the final grinding, this
washing shall be done with hot water and pure soft soap.
14.1.90 POLISHING
After the washed floor has dried, a final gloss shall be given by polishing the surface to the
satisfaction of the Engineer-in-Charge.
14.1.91 FINISHING
The walls and all surfaces of the finished works of other trades shall be properly protected
from damage and spoiling during the process of grinding and washing of the mosaic. After
the finishing grinding has been completed and the surface treatment and polish applied, the
floor shall be covered and protected with material approved by the Engineer-in-Charge until
completion of the work of all trades.
FLAGGED FLOORING
14.1.92 SCOPE
Unless otherwise specified, flagged flooring shall be constructed in accordance with the
14.1.93 STONE
The flags are the rectangular stone slabs of specified size. The specified stones from which
the flags are made shall conform to Sub-section 12.1.2 for Stone of Stone Masonry.
14.1.94 MORTAR
Mortar shall be cement mortar complying with Sub-section 11.7.2 (ii) – Brickwork.
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14.1.95 BASE
The base shall be laid as per Sub-section 14.10, Flooring.
14.1.96 SIZE OF FLAG

Flags shall not be less than one inch and a half in thickness. The length and breadth shall
not be less than 14 inches and more than 30 inches. The size of flags shall be such as to
give uniform parallel courses.
14.1.97 DRESSING
Flags shall be chisel dressed so as to have a flat surface, free from windings. All edges shall
be accurately dressed, truly square to their full depth. Flags projecting over the edges of
verandahs or steps shall have their outer edges bull-nosed.
14.1.98 SOAKING
Flags that be soaked in water for one hour before laying.
14.1.99 JOINTS
The thickness of joints shall not be more than 1/8 of an inch. Unless otherwise specified, the
mortar in joints shall be made flush with a trowel.
14.1.100 POINTING
If pointing has been specified, the flags shall be laid against wood or iron strips of uniform
thickness, so as to form joints not less than ¼ inch wide. When a row of flags is laid, the
strips shall be removed and the open joints shall at once be filled with specified mortar, and
shall then be flush pointed with specified mortar.
14.1.101 THICKNESS OF BEDDING MORTAR

Flags shall be laid over specified bedding mortar not more than ¾ inch thick.
14.1.102 LAYING OF FLAGS

Flags shall be placed in position and brought down to the required finished level and the
joints shall then be filled with specified mortar.
14.1.103 PATTERN
Flags shall be laid in the specified pattern. The courses shall be of uniform width and, unless
otherwise specified, parallel to the wall having the main entrance. Flags shall break joint in
adjacent courses by not less than 8 inches.
14.1.104 PROTECTION AND CURING

The floor shall be protected from the effects of weather. During the progress of work and for
10 days after laying, the floor shall be kept watered. Three clear days shall be given for
setting before anyone is allowed to walk over, but no weight shall be brought on the surface
till 7 clear days have elapsed after the completion of laying.
MURUM FLOORING
14.1.105 SCOPE
The work shall include furnishing all labour, materials, equipment, and performing all
operations specified herein to lay the murum floors in accordance with the drawings, or as
directed by Engineer-in-charge.
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14.1.106 MATERIALS
a) All murum used in construction murum flooring shall be in complete conformity with the
applicable requirements set forth in this section
b) Rubble or broken bricks
14.1.107 PREPARING SURFACE

All filling up-to 30 cm below the proposed floor level shall be dug out and the hollow thus
created shall be treated as specified hereunder:
14.1.108 LAYING
All murum floors shall be constructed in accordance with the detail shown on drawings, the
Engineer-in-charge’s instructions and the stipulations and requirements set forth herein, as
follows:
a) The dug out surface as mentioned in 14.9.3 above shall be properly watered and
rammed with hand rammers sufficiently to the entire satisfaction of Engineer-in-charge.
The consolidated surface shall be such that a very faint impression can be made on it
with the heel of boot or the blow of hammer.
b) Sub-base of broken bricks or hand packed rubble shall be laid to a template evenly and
watered thoroughly and allow to dry. The surface shall be fairly levelled and beaten with
rammers to produce one uniform level. Up-to the entire satisfaction of the Engineer-in-
charge.
c) Then a layer of good hard murum, 150 mm thick, shall be added and water thoroughly
for 2 days. When the whole mass has become too slushy, it shall be tempered over by
coolies so as to form a one uniform mass. Then the surface shall be fairly levelled and
beaten with hand rammers, to one uniform level. It shall be then allowed for dry for 2 to 3
days.
d) Finally, spread 25 mm layer of fine powder or flaky variety of murum, which shall be
thoroughly beaten by hand rammers. As a check of good work, the surface shall not now
crack on drying and the floor is complete.
Length and breadth shall be measured correct to a cm before laying skirting, dado or wall
plaster and the area calculated in square metre correct to two places of decimal. Where
coves are used at the junctions, the length and breadth shall be measured between the
lower edges of the coves.
No deduction shall be made nor extra paid for voids not exceeding 0.20 square metre.
Deductions for ends of dissimilar materials or other articles embedded shall not be
made for areas not exceeding 0.10 square metre.
GROUTING DRY BRICK WORK WITH CEMENT MORTAR

14.1.110 GENERAL
Unless otherwise specified, pure Portland cement and rich mixture of sand and cement with
an excess of water, termed grout, shall be used in the form of a water paste of about the
consistency of cream to grout in brick work or stone masonry, paving stones, sets and wood
blocks laid dry. This grouting consists of the filling in of the cavities, cracks, joints etc. by
pouring in, brushing in, or otherwise forcing such a liquid mixture of cement and water, and
occasionally sand in to every joint. The amount of water to be used with the cement to make
the grout will vary with the climatic conditions, and the absorptive nature of the material with
which it is to be used. It is best to use as little water as possible, having regard to getting the
grout to penetrate the required parts. The practice is condemned, where the conditions are
unusual, as cement used in this way will never develop its full strength, unless otherwise
specified, grouting dry brickwork with cement mortar of specified mix proportion and
19
consistency or as directed by Engineer-in-charge, shall be done in accordance with the

14.1.111 SCOPE
The work shall include furnishing all labour, materials, equipments, plants, instruments,
accessories and services necessary to complete the work at the locations shown on the
drawings or as directed by Engineer-in-charge in accordance with these specifications.
Materials
a) Brick shall conform to Specifications as mentioned in Section 11 for Clay Bricks.
b) Mortar shall conform to Specifications as mentioned in Section 11– Brickwork,
Mortars.
14.1.112 LAYING
Grouting dry brickwork with cement mortar of specified mix proportion shall be done in
accordance with the details shown on drawings, the Engineer-in-charge instructions and the
stipulations and requirements set forth herein, as follow;
a) Grout shall be made by mixing specified cement: sand mix proportion with water to
produce mortar with specified consistency or as directed by the Engineer-in-charge, so
as to form a watery paste of about the consistency of cream to flow into the joints of dry
brick work and filled the joints fully upto the surface subject to the approval of Engineer-
in-charge. The surplus grout sticking to the surface of the dry brickwork shall be swept
over and the surface shall be cleared.
b) Only so much should be mix in one time as can be used before it commences to set and
any which has begun to stiffen should be rejected.
CARPET FLOORS/TILES
14.1.113 GENERAL
The Contractor will submit duplicate 3 foot square pieces of each type of carpet specified,
for the approval of the Engineer-in-Charge.
14.1.114 MAINTENANCE DATA

Provide maintenance data for carpet maintenance for incorporation into Operation and
Maintenance Manual.
14.1.115 MAINTENANCE MATERIALS

Provide maintenance materials as per manufacturer’s recommendations for use of at least 1
year as per storage life of the said materials.
14.1.116 PRODUCTS
Maintenance material: deliver to the Engineer-in-Charge additional carpet equal to 5% of
carpet used in the project and include a sufficient amount of adhesive in unopened
containers to apply the carpet. Identify each roll. Store where directed. Maintenance
materials to be full size piece of same production run as installed materials.
14.1.117 MATERIALS
Carpets as selected by the Engineer-in-Charge.
Carpet grippers: types recommended by carpet manufacturer.
Seaming tape: hot melt type as recommended by carpet manufacturer for purpose
intended.
Binder bars: brass of type recommended by carpet manufacturer.
Adhesive: release type, water resistant, non-staining adhesive as recommended by carpet
manufacturer.
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Carpet protection: non-staining heavy duty kraft paper or 0.15 mm thick polyethylene film.
14.1.118 EXECUTION OF WORK

a) Workmanship:
Examine substrate by taping a rubber mat for 24 hours prior to commencement of work.
Observe the underside of the mat and if the mat is damp, wait till slab is dry.
Repair minor holes, cracks, depressions and rough areas using material recommended by
carpet adhesive manufacturer.
Clear away debris and scrape up cementations deposit from surfaces to receive carpet.
Vacuum clean surface to receive carpeting immediately prior to installation.
Check concrete surfaces to ensure no dusting is apparent. Apply sealer where required to
prevent dusting.
Install glue-down carpet in accordance with manufacturer’s printed instructions.
Install carpeting after finishing work is completed but before demountable office partitions
and telephone and electrical pedestal outlets are installed.
Finish installation to present smooth wearing surface free from conspicuous seams, burring
and other faults.
Use material from same dye lot and ensure colour, pattern and texture match within any one
area.
b) Binder Bars
Use metal binder bars at exposed carpet edges and centre under doors in door openings.
c) Carpet Installation
Install carpet in accordance with shop drawings. Hot melt seams and cross-joints. Maintain
constant pile direction.
Fit sections of carpet into each space prior to application of adhesive. Trim edges and butt
cuts with seaming cement.
Apply adhesive uniformly to substrate in accordance with manufacturer's instructions. Butt
carpet edges tightly together to form seams without gaps.
Roll entire carpet area lightly to eliminate air pockets and ensure uniform bond.
Remove any adhesive promptly from the face of the carpet by a method that will not
damage the carpet surface and in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.
d) Carpet Base Installation:

Install carpet base to match adjacent carpet flooring.
Attach carpet to wall with adhesive. Neatly fit against floor carpet and into the plaster recess.
e) Protection of Finished Work:

Vacuum carpets clean. Protect traffic areas of carpeted floors with carpet protection. Tape
edges and joints to prevent shifting.
Deductions for ends of dissimilar materials or other articles embedded shall not be made for
areas not exceeding 0.10 square metre.
EPOXY FLOORING
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a) General
Epoxies are polymer materials that begin life as liquids and are converted to the solid
polymers by a chemical reaction. An epoxy based polymer is mechanically strong,
chemically resistant to degradation of the chemical elements in the solid form and highly
adhesive during conversion from liquid to solid. There are a wide range of basic epoxy
chemicals from which an epoxy system can be formulated.
Epoxies are known for their excellent adhesion, chemical and heat resistance, good to
excellent mechanical properties and very good electrical insulating properties. Almost any
property can be modified. Epoxy is safe and there are no known harmful effects of the
chemicals used in the mixture. It also has a high resistance to chemicals such as gasoline,
salt, grease, oil and solvents.
b) Areas of Application of Epoxy Floors

Generally, the epoxy flooring are preferred in the following building categories.
i) Chemical plants ii) Pharmaceuticals Industries
iii) Food Processing Areas iv) Bottling Plant
v) Electric / Electronics Industries vi) Computer Rooms
vii) Hospitals Operation Theatres & Corridors viii) Nuclear Power Plants
ix) Dairies & Breweries x) Laboratories
xi) Aerospace Industries xii) Airport Hangers
xiii) Picture Tube Manufacturing Plants xiv) Automobiles Workshops
xv) Fermentation Floor in tea Gardens xvi) Textile Mills
xvii) Warehouse xviii) Hotels & Restaurant
c) Benefits of Epoxy Flooring
Impact Resistance: Epoxy floors are generally used in areas of industry where goods are
handled in specific spaces, such as production lines, warehouses, loading bays, and where
compressive loads are generated by the movement of goods on trucks, pallets etc.
Slip Resistance: Pedestrian traffic areas require varying degrees of slip resistance
dependent on whether the environment is wet or dry.
Fire Resistance: Fire escape routes, explosive production and storage areas underground
car park decks.
Hygiene: Pharmaceutical, Automotive, food, beverage, chemical and electronics industries

have very demanding sanitary requirements. These industries often need totally dust free
and easily cleanable floors, without cracks or angled Corners.
Chemical Resistant: Epoxy floor coverings provide an impermeable seal to protect floor
from chemical attack.
Points to be Check Prior to Epoxy Flooring: -

Following points should be viewed before the application of epoxy flooring
Moisture: Moisture content less than 5%
Smooth Surface / New Casted Floor: Depending on surface we can provide the epoxy
system for smooth floor epoxy coating from 500-micron 1mm system
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Rough Floor: 1MM – 2MM SYSTEM
Damaged Floor: Using epoxy underlayment / requires repairing.
Cracks: Repairing / Filling of cracks
Oil / Grease: Checking of oil content on floor
Pot Holes: Checking & Filling of pot holes
Control Joints: Checking if joints / grooves are cut and filled with joint sealant.
d) Application Method: -
Surface preparation
Surface life of the sealer is primarily dependent on the good surface preparation. Sealers life
will be extended by following few key points:
 The concrete must be cleaned free of old existing coatings, oils, grease, and dirt
and wax solutions.
 Grind the floor to open the pores and remove dirt, debris and other containments.
 If there are any cracks, filling of cracks
 Filling of control joints.
 Remove all debris from working area.
Mixing Procedures
Epoxy penetrating sealer is a two-component system. Mix component A “resin” with
component B “Hardener” in the ratio of 1:1, mix with the help of power mixer @ 200rpm-
300rpm until an even colour develops (2-3 minutes)
Application of Epoxy Coat

Penetrate epoxy sealer may be applied with roller, brush or air spray. Ensure that the
concrete surface is dry, and at least 28 days old, having a moisture less than 5%. After
application the minimum curing time for floors should be given as follows
Min Curing 12 hours
Foot Traffic 24 hours
Medium Traffic 48 hours
Full load 72 hours
e) Epoxy Floor Caring
DOs DON’Ts
Clean Immediately with detergent and Warm water in
Spill chemical / oil / grease on the floor
the event of chemicals/Oil/grease spillage
Vacuum clean regularly clean floor with detergent and
warm water using soft Bristle to avoid scratch. Polish Let sand inside use air lock or air curtain
as per Manufacturer’s instructions.
Maintain reasonably constant temperature Store react able solvent without proper instruction
Regular maintenance of trolleys and forklifts. Prevent
Use imbalance wheels
locking of wheels.
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Use black rubber / metal wheels on trolleys and

Use Polyurethane or pneumatic wheels with wider
forklifts as it will lead to scoring and marking on the
contact area to reduce frictional stresses.
floor
Keep mats underneath before placing heavy weights Drag heavy objects on the floor as it will lead to
on the floor. scratches
Check the pallets and ensure that no nails or protruding Drop sharp and heavy objects on the floor as it will
in trolleys/ forklifts leave dents and marks
Repair leakage in water pipes, air ducts immediately to
avoid pressure beneath the substrate which could lead
to blisters on the floor.
f) Relevant Code for Epoxy

ASTM C 109:90 for compressive strength
ASTM C 501 for abrasion resistance.
LAMINATE FLOORING
Laminate Flooring is considered a “floating” floor and is installed using a floating floor
system. These floors are intended for indoor use only and can be installed over virtually any
existing floor structure. Since these floors are composed of natural cellulose fibres, they will
expand and contract with changes in relative humidity.
14.1.121 SUB FLOORS REQUIREMENTS FOR LAMINATE FLOORING

a) For concrete floors, it must be cured properly and allowed to dry as per instruction of
Engineer-in-Charge and must be free from alkali elements. Moreover, it must be proper
levelled to avoid the kinks in the laminate flooring.
b) Wood subfloors must be suspended and have a minimum of 18” (45.7 cm) of well-
ventilated crawl space. Regardless of grade level, do not install over wood subfloors
applied directly to concrete or on sleepers over concrete. Installation of a polyethylene
film vapour barrier such as Armstrong Moisture Barrier Sheeting over the ground in the
crawl space is recommended. The polyethylene film acts as a moisture barrier when
seams are taped together with polyethylene tape.
c) Preparatory Work for Laminate Flooring

Following points should be kept in view while the preparatory work for laminate flooring in
progress
 Removal of existing wall base, millwork, or trim is optional.
 Door trims and doorjambs must be undercut to allow the floor to move freely. Use
discarded piece of floor and foam underlayment to support the saw blade at the
correct height for undercutting.
 Sweep the subfloor and remove all dust and debris.
 If the drywall (plaster board, wallboard, gypsum panel, or gypsum board) is slightly
elevated at the floor and wall juncture, create a solid wall surface by fastening a 2”
24
to 3” (5 cm to 7.6 cm) wide facing strip such as ¼” (6.35 mm) plywood to the wall
at the stud location.
 New wall base or moulding must be installed at the end of the job to cover the 1/4″
(6.35 mm) to 1/2″ (12.7 mm) expansion zone around the perimeter of the floor.
 It may be necessary to plane or cut the bottom of the door to accommodate the
change in floor height.
 While in layout of laminate floor special care must be taken for the natural light,
layout must be done to the incoming light from any windows, if natural light not
provided in the room layout must be done to the longest side of the room.
 The floors must be moist free, if some dampness is observed, then dry the
dampness first.
 If the cabinets exist in the flooring, then the laminate around the cabinets leaving
¼” (6.35mm) to ½” (12.7mm) expansion zone.
 If installing cabinets after the laminate has been installed, most or all of the cabinet
weight should be supported by the wall mountings. To secure the cabinets to the
substrate with screws or nails, drill holes through the laminate 1/2″ (12.7 mm)
diameter larger than the screw or nail to allow for expansion.
 Always check each laminate flooring panel for damage before installing.
d) Installation Method
 Avoid narrow pieces at the finish wall. Measure the distance between the starting
wall and the finish wall.
 Divide this number by the width of the board.
 If the remainder is less than 2-1/2″ (6.35 cm), cut off 2-1/2″ (6.35 cm) from the
width of the first row or to balance the room add the difference to the plank width
and divide by two.
 Roll out the moisture control sheeting as per recommendation of manufacturer or
as per instructions of Engineer-in-Charge then install the laminate flooring.
ASPHALT FLOORING
14.1.123 SCOPE
The work shall include furnishing all labour, materials, equipments, plants, instruments,
accessories and services necessary to complete the work at the locations shown on the
drawings or as directed by Engineer-in-charge in accordance with these specifications.
14.1.124 MATERIALS
Asphalt used in constructing the asphalt flooring shall be in complete conformity with the
applicable requirements set forth in the specifications for asphalt or as approved by
Engineer-in-charge
Bitumen used for mixing with the asphalt shall be refined cut-back bitumen having viscosity
(Standard Tar Viscometer) of 110 to 150 seconds at 40 degree centigrade or as approved.
25
Clean sharp sand used for mixing with the asphalt shall confirm to specifications 5.3.1.3
14.1.125 BASE
The base should be prepared in conformity with specification 14.10.
14.1.126 LAYING
Asphalt flooring shall be done in accordance with the details shown on the drawings, the
Engineer-in-charge instructions and the stipulations and requirements set forth herein as
under;
All dust and sand shall be swept-off, and the asphalt having been mixed and melted in the
following proportions, unless otherwise specified or as directed by Engineer-in-charge.
Asphalt 1 part
Bitumen 1/32 part
Clean sharp sand ½ parts
Shall be laid on smoothly and evenly of uniform thickness as specified and carefully and
steadily rubbed with hand float until the surface shall be perfectly even and true.
14.1.127 FINISHING
The junction of the sections of the asphalting shall be carefully made, and before the surface
becomes hard, it shall be worked perfectly level and smooth with fine clean sand and left of
a uniformly dark colour.
14.1.128 MEASUREMENT
MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT

14.1.129 COMPOSITE RATE
The measurement and payment for the items of the work of Flooring hereof shall be made
corresponding to the applicable CSR items as provided in Contract Agreement and shall
constitute full compensation, for procurement, transportation, performance in all respects
and completion of work as specified including the site clearance as approved by the
Engineer-in-Charge.
14.1.130 LABOUR RATE

The measurement and payment for the items of the work of Flooring hereof shall be made
corresponding to applicable CSR item as provided in Contract Agreement and shall
constitute full compensation for procurement transportation, performance in all respects and
completion of work as specified including site clearance, as approved by the Engineer-in-
Charge except the cost of materials to be provided by Department at designated location as
defined in the Contract Agreement.
26

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Sec 14. - Flooring

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

14. FLOORING 14-1

14.1.3 LAYING AND CONSOLIDATION

BRICK OR TILE FLOORING

14.1.11 WETTING OF BRICKS/TILES

14.1.15 THICKNESS OF BEDDING MORTAR

14.1.16 LAYING OF BRICKS/TILES

14.1.19 EDGE WITH BULL NOSED BRICKS

MARBLE TILE FLOORING

14.1.25 SIZE COLOUR AND PATTERN

14.1.26 THICKNESS DRESSING OF EDGES AND JOINTS

14.1.27 PREPARATION OF BASE

14.1.28 THICKNESS OF BEDDING MORTARS

14.1.31 PROTECTION AND CURING

1st grinding — coarse grade stone (No. 60)

GLAZED TILE OR CEMENT TILE FLOORING

14.1.36 GLAZED TILES

14.1.37 CEMENT TILES

MOSAIC TILES FLOORING

14.1.43 LAYING OF TILES

DRY BRICK PAVING

c) Mud mortar shall conform to Specifications as mentioned in Section 11 - Brickwork.

14.1.47 PREPARING SURFACE

14.1.51 FLOOR BEARER SUSPENDED FLOORS

14.1.52 FLOOR BEARERS MATERIAL AND FIXING

14.1.54 BOARDING MATERIALS AND SIZE

14.1.56 PLANKING METHOD OF LAYING

14.1.57 NAILS AND SCREWS

BASE FOR FLOORING

14.1.60 PREPARATION OF SUB-BASE

14.1.61 SAND FILLING

14.1.62 BRICK BALLAST

14.1.64 CONCRETE LAYING

14.1.65 SURFACING TO BOND WITH CONCRETE

14.1.66 LEVELS AND SLOPES

14.1.67 BASE FOR FIRST & SUBSEQUENT FLOORS

CEMENT CONCRETE FLOORS

TERRAZZO / MOSAIC FLOOR

14.1.70 BASE & WEARING SURFACE

14.1.71 DIVIDING STRIPS

14.1.73 SURFACE GRINDING & FINISHING

b) Washed Mosaic - Rough Finish

CONGLOMERATE FLOORING (CEMENT CONCRETE)

(c) Coarse Aggregate

Coarse aggregate shall be obtained from an approved source.

14.1.80 RATIO OF CONCRETE

14.1.81 DIVIDING INTO PANELS

14.1.82 PREPARATION OF BASE

14.1.83 MIXING AND PLACING

14.1.87 PRESERVING PANELS ALREADY LAID

CONGLOMERATE FLOORING (TWO COAT WORK)

PVC TILES/SHEET FLOORING: -

ASTM-D 2859 Flammability of finished materials vinyl-asbestos tile or flooring.

b) Types of PVC Flooring/Tiles

Following shall be the technical requirements;

1) PVC Static Flooring Sheets/Tiles

2) PVC Anti-Static Flooring Sheets / Tiles

e) Fitting the Copper Mesh

f) Fixing PVC Floor Tiles / Sheets (Anti-Static)

REINFORCING STEEL / MESH

RUBBING AND POLISHING OLD MARBLE / MOSAIC FLOOR

14.1.89 PREPARATION OF SURFACE

14.1.96 SIZE OF FLAG