‘This international standard was developed in accordance with inert Deveopanat frail Stanards Cale a Ally Designation: €42/C42M - 18a Standard Test Method for ied principles on standardization establsd i he Deckion on Principles or the ‘Recommcodtions tse bythe Nord Trade Organization Techasal Barcis to Trade (181) Commie Higmay ane Tanponaton Oicals Sed AASHTO Woo Tae Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete’ “This sundudisissue unde the ted designation C821C42Mt the numer inet flowing the designation adits the year of igi sdpton onthe eae of revision th year of lt revision. Anu in puehses lade the ea ot feappoval. A Sspencript eplon(e india an edkoral hangs since the last Yvon or reappoval This senda has bee approved orate bv agencies ofthe US. Deparment of Deen 1. Seope* 1L1 This test method covers obtaining, preparing, and test ing cores drilled from concrete for length or compressive strength or splitting tensile strength determinations. This test ‘method is not applicable to cores from shoterete. Nore I—Test Method C1604/C1604M is applicable for obtaining, preparing, and testing cores fon shoteret, Nore 2—Appenilx XI_provides recommendations for obtaining and testing sawed beams fr flexural performance 1.2. ‘The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard, The values stated in ‘each system may not be exact equivalenis; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard, L4 This standard does not purport 10 address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- ‘mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. LS This international standard was developed in accor dance with internationally recognized principles on standard ization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom: ‘mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ‘This test method Is under te juioon of ASTM Commitee C09 on ‘Cone and Concrete Assesses an is the cet esponsbliy of Sbsornitee (COR on Testing for Strength ‘Cuter ein approved Dec. 15, 2018. Published Febery 2019, Orisinaly spoved in 1821 Last previ eion approved in 218 s C42/C#2M ~ 18. DOL TOS2HCHOS2. LORE ISA, 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards:* Goro Tot eid Comps Skea of Cin dal Cone Semen TSC Tt heh oy Fel Seng of Conse (se Sipe Bean wi Th. Latin) ciachrtt Me tr Mur Tes of Co Cre Benes Ung ica Comes Cass ioCstr ea Mot Spite Tose Seng pina Come Spence COMCETNI Pass Ee Cane Cyne Cone a (C642 Test Method for Density, Absorption, and. Voids in & Hardened Conerete z cr Ras fr PepaingPecson and Bs Sten tra Nat Comton Maca C#2/C823M Prete for Examination and Sampling of |-VOL-NVA90 VLNad 1UN jayDO\YOYSUOD SEM “BAL ANOGIeH Weg OOT eUONEWAUT WASY EdD HEH, Hardened Concrete in Constructions 25 C123/C1231M Practice for Use of Unbonded Caps in Determination of Compressive Strength of Hardened Cy- lindrical Concrete Specimens (C1542/C1542M Test Method for Measuring Length of Con- crete Cores C1604/C1604M Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores of Shoterete 3. Significance and Use 3.1 This test method provides standardized procedures for obtaining and testing specimens to determine the compressive, spliting tensile, and flexural strength of in-place concrete. WNLLYOSNOD 3.2 Generally, test specimens are obtained when doubt exists about the in-place concrete quality due either to low strength test results during construction or signs of distress in the structure. Another use of this method is to provide strength information on older structures For referenced ASTM stad, vis the ASTM website, wast on, comet ASTM Customer Seicessenice@asin. oe For Amt Book of ASTI Sant volume info refer tothe tans Docent Simmy eon ‘ie ASTM webste A Summary of Changes section appears atthe end of this standard cepyicrt © AST rato 100 ar Haar Bs FO 30 C700, Wat Conshican PA 1962088 Ute Se (Contgh by ASTM int al sigs reserved); Mon May 27022035 EDT 2019 Downend by (O permant to Lizense Agreement No fuer erudition authorized 3 z «IevoneWaqUT WASY IsuEs!] Yemeg IP NSB YaI0 eNaIP IU! AdoD “YSIAy cazicazm - 18a 3.3 Conerete strength is affected by the location of the concrete in a structural clement, with the conerete atthe bottom, fending to be stronger than the concrete at the top. Core strength is also affected by core orientation relative to the horizontal plane of the concrete as placed, with strength tending to be lower when measured parallel to the horizontal plane These factors shall be considered in planning the locations for obtaining concrete samples and in comparing strength test results 34 The strength of concrete measured by tests of cores is affected by the amount and distribution of moisture in the specimen at the time of test. There is no standard procedure to condition a specimen that will ensure that, at the time of test, it will be in the identical moisture condition as concrete in the structure. The moisture conditioning procedures in this test method are intended to provide reproducible moisture condi: tions that minimize within-laboratory and between-laboratory variations and to reduce the effects of moisture introduced during specimen preparation, 35 The measured compressive strength of a core will generally be less than that of a corresponding properly molded and cured standard cylinder tested atthe same age. For a given concrete, however, there is no unique relationship between the strengths of these two types of specimens (see Note 3). The relationship is affected by many factors such as the strength level of the concrete, the in-place temperature and moisture histories, the degree of consolidation, batch-to-batch variability, the stength-gain characteristics of the concrete, the condition of the coring apparatus, and the care used in removing cores. [Nore 3A procedure is avilable for estimating he equivalent cylinder strength from & measured core strength ‘Nore 4—In the absence of core strength requirements ofan applicable ‘building code or of other contractual or legal documents that may gover the project, the specifier of tests should establish inthe project specifics tions the acceptance itera for core strengths. An exemple of acceptance itera for core suength is provided in ACI 318," which are used to evaluate cores taken to investigate low strength test results of standard- ‘cured cylinder during construction, According to ACI 318, the concrete ‘represented by the cores is considered structurally adequate if the average Sitength of thee cores is at last 85 % of the specified strength and no ‘Single eore strength is less than 75% of the specified sieagth 3.6 The “specifier ofthe tests” referenced in this test method. is the individual responsible for analysis or review and acceptance of core test results, [Nort $—For investigation of low stength test results, ACT. 318-14 defines the specifier of the tests asthe licensed design profesional or bulking official 3.7 ‘The apparent compressive strength of concrete as mea sured by a core is affected by the length-diameter ratio (LID) of > Neville, A, "Core Tes: Easy to Peto, Not Es 0 Inept.” Connie Interetion, Vo 23, No. U1. Nove 2001p. 59-68 "Guide for Oniing Cores sd Interpreting Compressive Stenth Results: [ACL 21848, American Concrete Iie, FO, Bor 994, Farmington His ML 48583, www conceteon > Buling Code Reseiemes or Siactutl Corte an Commentary.” ACL 18, American Concrete Insite, 20, Box 9084, Famingon Hills Ml 48333, ‘Copyih by AST An (al igh esened) Mon May 27022038 EDT 2019 ownlondedprated by (pura 0 License Agresmt No farther repens suborized the core as tested and this must be considered in preparing core specimens and evaluating test results, 4. Apparatus 4.1 Core Drill, for obtaining cylindrical core specimens with diamond-impregnated bits attached to a core barrel 42 Saw, for trimming ends of cores. The saw shall have a ‘diamond or sificon-carbide cutting edge and shall be capable of, cutting cores without introducing cracks or dislodging aggre- gate particles. 43 Balance, accurate to at least 5 g [0.01 Ib} 5. Sampling 5.1 Genera 5.11 Samples of hardened conrt fo as nthe prepa § tion of stength test specimens shall not be taken unl the & onerete is song en0dgh o permit sumple removal without Gistrbing the bond between the mortar and the coarse ager gate (ee Note 6 and Note 7). When preparing stengih fost Specimens ftom samples of hardened concrete, samples that 3 fave been damaged during removal shall no be used ules the damaged portion(s) are removed andthe lengths of resulting test specimens sats the minimam length-diometer ratio requirement in 7.2. Samples of defective or damaged concrete tht canoe tested sa be ep long wih the reason 2 that prohibits use of the sample for preparing stength tet & pede : Nore 6Practie C82C823M provides guidance onthe development a a cuplng pun for comer i constuction Nowe) Box posable psy «minimum age when cone song enough © and damage ding eva rome te she ar any age doen onthe cri Mtn ahd seg ene of the one If me em the conse srl pre emove before is 12 ay oti ot pace: rena cone en pred ts iomiaae tarsec ening aroen of ere a oa tou apse prety enbelded sine mora pa et tote yb eed to extn tee! of Seg develope pt Dumped aval of cer sp 5.12 Except as provided in 5.1.3, cores containing embed de reinforcement excluding fers, or other embedded objects shall not be used for determining strength of concrete 5.1.3 IF it is not possible to prepare a test specimen that i meets the requirements of 7.1 and 72 and that i fee of embedded reinforcement or other met the specifier ofthe tents is permitted tallow testing of cores wth embeded metal (Gee Nove 8). Ir a core tested for strength contains embedded metal, the size, shape, and location ofthe metal within the core Shall be documented inthe west report > VHIM-dd- 3 2 a So wo Nore 8—The presence of soe! reinforcement, othe than fibers, oF other embedded metal ins core can affect the measured suength "” Thete are ‘nsiien data to derive relisle corretion factors that canbe applied 10 ‘he measured strength to account for embedded reinforcement perpendicu- lar othe core axis. testing of cores containing embedded reinforcement cagner, RD, “Best of Heimat Reinforcing Stel op the Seen of Met Cylinders Problems and races in Jounal of he American Conerete Instat, Proceedings, Nol 62, NO. 7 Tay 1985, pp. 837-840. “Concrete Society Working Pars, “Conese Core Testing fo Svength” Concrete Soviet Tecaeal Report No.1, The Contete Society, Englund, May; it i | ily cazicazm — 18a is penited, engincerngjudement i required to assess the significance of thereualls The pei ofthe ess should not penn a core tobe tested for sienth if ar reinforcement oe other elongated embeded metal object. orentedelose to pale othe coe ax 5.2 Core Drilling—When a core willbe tested to measure concrete strength the core shall be drilled perpendicular to the surface and atleast 150 mm (6 i.) away from formed joints or obvious edges of « unit of deposit (see Note 9). This minimum distance does not apply to the formed boundaries of structural embers. Record the approximate angle between the longitu dinal axis of the drilled core and the horizontal plane of the concrete as placed. A specimen drilled perpendicular to a vertical surface, or perpendicular toa sloping surface, shall be taken from near the middle of a unit of deposit when possible. If cores are obtained for purposes other than determination of strength, drill cores in accordance with the instructions pro- Vided by the specifier of the tests. Record the date core was drilled. If known, record the date when concrete was placed. Nore 9—The intent i to avoid drlting cores in non-epresenative conerste that may exis teat formed joints othe boundary ofa unit of placement 5.3 Slab Removal—Remove a slab sufficiently large to secure the desired test specimens without the inclusion of any concrete that has been cracked, spalled, undercut, or otherwise damaged. DRILLED CORES 6. Measuring the Length of Drilled Cores 6.1 Cores for determining the thickness of pavements, slabs, ‘walls or other structural elements shall have a diameter of at least 94 mm [3.70 in} when the lengths of such cores are stipulated to be’ measured in accordance with Test Method C174/C174M, When core length for determining the thickness ‘of a member is not required to be measured in accordance with “Test Method C174/C174M, core diameter shall be as directed by specifier of tests. {6.2 For cores that are not intended for determining structural dimensions, measure the longest and shortest lengths on the cut ‘surface along lines parallel to the core axis. Record the average length to the nearest S mm [14 in]. 7. Cores for Compressive Strength 7.1 Diameter: TL] Except a8 provided in 7.1.2, the diameter of core specimens for the determination of compressive strength shall be atleast 4 mm [3.70 in] or atleast two times the nominal maximum size of the coarse aggregate, whichever is larger: 7.1.2 If limited member thickness makes it impossible to obtain cores with length-I0 Jeni