wy R.IM.K COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING @ Cs) AND TECHNOLOGY > ss RSM NAGAR, PUDUVOYAL-601206 DEPARTMENT OF CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS & MACHINERY lll SEM MECHANICAL ENGINEERING REGULATION 2013 FORMULA BOOK PREPARED BY C.BIBIN / R.ASHOK KUMAR / N.SADASIVANR.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ/R2013/ CE6451/ MECH / JUNE 2017 - NOV 2017 UNIT - I - FLUID PROPERTIES AND FLOW CHARACTERISTICS PROPERTIES OF FLUID: MASS DESNITY (9): —_m Pra Symbol Description Unit Pp > Density KO/ m ——> Mass Kg vo => Volume m SPECIFIC VOLUME (»): vQi ve tat mp Symbol Description Unit Pp > Density Koy a m > Mass Ke vo ==> Volume m v —— > specifi¢ Volume leg SPECIFIC WEIGTH oR WEIGTH DENSITY (w): W mg w=—=—= V V Pg Since W = mg and p= ™/y Symbol Description Unit p > Density Koy a m => Mass Ke vo => Volume m CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 2.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 w ——> Specific We MECH / JUNE 201: " Ni g —— Acceleration due to gravity ™) 0 5 = Specific Weight of given fluid ~~ Specific Weight of standard fluid Mass Density of given fluid ~ Mass Density of standard fluid Symbol Description Unit S ——> Specific Gravity No unit p —— > _ Density or Mass Density a w ——= Specific Weight Nias Specific Weight of Wwater > __ Standard Fluid (Water) = N Lins 9.81 Mass Density of Standard ki — 9 Pwater Fluid (Water) = 1000 Fon VISCOSITY (W): du Ta— dy du p— dy Symbol Description Unit T ——> _ Shear Stress N Jn? u — Viscosity NS du ——> = Change in Velocity my, dy ——> Change in Distance m CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 3R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 / Ill / MECH / JUNE 2017 - NOV 2017 DYNAMIC VISCOSITY (q)): T Be du / dy Symbol Description Unit T ——> _ Shear Stress Nae u —— _ Dynamic Viscosity IT Shan du ——> = Change in Velocity my, dy ——> Change in Distance m ayy, ——> Rate of Shear Strain I, Unit Conversion: Ns . 1 at 10 poise 1 Centipoi i i entlpolse = —— polse a 100 ? 1 poi 0.1 Ns ose = V.1 —> P me KINEMATIC VISCOSITY (y): - p Symbol Description Unit k p ——> Density O/ a3 u ——> _ Dynamic Viscosity N-S/ia v —— = Kinematic Viscosity m?/, 1 stoke = 1074 m/, CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 4R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 / Ill / MECH / JUNE 2017 - NOV 2017 . 1 1 Centistoke = Too stoke VISCOSITY PROBLEMS FOR PLATE TYPE: F T= A Symbol Description Unit T ——> Shear Stress N/p2 F — = Fore N A ——> = Area of the plate m POWER (P): P=Fedu Symbol Description Unit iP ——> Power w F aA Force N du ——> Change in Velocity my, VISCOSITY PROBLEMS FOR SHAFT TYPE: VELOCITY OF SHAFT (w): ™DN 60 Symbol Description Unit D —— _ Diameter of Shaft m N —— Speed of Shaft Rpm u ——> Velocity m/, CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 5R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ/R2013/ CE6451/ Symbol Symbol yi —_—_ F — D _ POWER ON SHAFT (P) Symbol P —_ T —_ N — F TA t= mDL Description Shear Stress Force Circumference of Shaft Diameter of Shaft Length of Shaft Description Torque Force Diameter of Shaft 2nNT ~ 60 Description Power Torque Speed of Shaft MECH / JUNE 2017 - NOV 2017 Unit Nga N - m Unit N-m Unit N-m Rpm CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 6R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 / Ill / MECH / JUNE 2017 - NOV 2017 VISCOSITY PROBLEMS FOR CONICAL BEARING: ANGULAR VELOCITY (@): _ 2nN °° 60 — Vv 7 fe Symbol Description Unit w ——> Angular Velocity rad/ oc N ——> Speed of Shaft Rpm ANGLE (6): tan@ = am H Symbol Description Unit Th —— > _ Outer Radius m T2 ——> Inner Radius m H — >> Height m POWER (P): 2nNT ~ 60 Symbol Description Unit P ——> Power w T —— > Torque N-m CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 7R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 / Ill / MECH / JUNE 2017 - NOV 2017 N ——> Speed of Shaft Rpm THICKNESS OF OIL (h): TULW T= asing M1" ~ TD Symbol Description Unit u —— _ Dynamic Viscosity N-s in? T —— > = Torque N-m wo ——> = Angular Velocity rad/ oc h —— Thickness of Oil m. TY ——> Outer Radius m T2 —— Inner Radius m CAPILLARITY: HEIGHT OF LIQUID IN TUBE (h): he 4acosé pga Symbol Description Unit h ——> Height of Liquid in Tube m o —— Surface Tension Nim Be fake p —— _ Demsity of Liquid kay g —— Acceleration due to gravity ™/ 2 d ——> _ Diameter of Tube m SURFACE TENSION: PRESSURE IN LIQUID DROPLET (P): 4o ea CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 8R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 / Ill / MECH / JUNE 2017 - NOV 2017 Symbol Description Unit P ——> Pressure Nine o —— Surface Tension Nin d —— _ Diameter of Droplet m PRESSURE IN BUBBLE (P): 80 Ped Symbol Description Unit P ——> Pressure N Lone o —— Surface Tension Nin d ——> Diameter of Bubble m PRESSURE IN LIQUID JET (P): _ 20 + & Symbol Description Unit P —— Pressure Nap2 o —— Surface Tension Nin d —— _ Diameter of Jet m CONTINUITY EQUATION: du dv. dw WEN, By a 0 [For 3—D flow] du dv at ayt7° [For 2 — D flow] a a yo) + 99 (uo = 0[For polar coordinates] rr CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 9R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 / Ill / MECH / JUNE 2017 - NOV 2017 BERNOULLI’S EQUATION: oP pt udv + g.dz=0 Pr vy? Po. v2" + +4 = + [4+ 2H by pg 2g pg 2g Symbol Description Unit Py & Pp ——> Pressure at Section 1 & 2 Ng vy & Vz ——> Velocity at Section 1 & 2 m/s Datum Head at Section 1 & 2,&2Z, ——> 5 m hy —— Head Loss m p ——> _ Density of Liquid Koy g ——> Acceleration due to gravity mo COEFFICIENT OF DISCHARG Qactuat C= Qrheoretical COEFFICIENT OF VELOCITY: Vactual — Vrheoretical 4142 Q = Cy———. /2gh d Ga? - a2) g 1 i Symbol Description Unit a, &a, ——> Areaat Section 1 &2 m Pressure Difference between Section 1 & 2 h —> m a) Pg CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 10R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 / Ill / MECH / JUNE 2017 - NOV 2017 Ca —_ x > i} h 0-8) Coefficient of Discharge Difference in Mercury Level [when S > Sin] S, h=x (2-1) [when Sp > S] Ss Py Pr 5 4 h= (4+ 21) - (+ 22) [Inclined Venturimeter] pg Pg MOMENTUM EQUATION: _ d (mv) dt FORCE ACTING IN X — DIRECTION: F, = pQ (v1 = v2c0s0) + PA; — P,A2c0s0 FORCE ACTING IN Y = DIRECTION: Fy = pQ (— vzsin#) — P2A2sind F Symbol Description Unit Py & Pz = ——> _ Pressure at Section 1 & 2 Nine Vy &v2 —> Velocity at Section 1 & 2 m/, Ay & Ay ——> = Areaat Section 1 & 2 m 0 —— Angle of the Bend Degree Q —> Discharge m/, RESULTANT FORCE: Fp = [Fe + CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) awR.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ/R2013/ CE6451/ ANGLE MADE BY RESULTANT FORCE: F, tan@ = — F, MOMENT OF MOMENTUM EQUATION: T = pQ (vat, — 147) Symbol Description T ——> Torque Vy & Vz ——> Velocity at Section 1 & 2 Radius of Curvature at 1 &r, —, Section 1 & 2 Q ——> _ Discharge p —— _ Density of Liquid MECH / JUNE 2017 - NOV 2017 Unit N-m Ws m 3 ”"/ m3 CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 12R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 / Ill / MECH / JUNE 2017 - NOV 2017 UNIT - II - FLOW THROUGH CIRCULAR CONDUITS TOTAL ENERGY LINE (TEL): TEL = Pressure Head + Kinetic Head + Datum Head Pv? TEL =—+—+Z 29 pg Symbol Description Unit P ——> Pressure ‘aa v —> Velocity gs be oe k, p ——> Density of Liquid DP aa Zz ——> ~~ Datum Head m g ——> = Acceleration due to gravity 1 ga HYDRAULIC ENERGY LINE (HEL): HEL = Pressure Head + Datum Head P TEL =—+Z Pg HAGEN POISEUILLE’S EQUATION: SHEAR STRESS: Op r =- SKS ax 2 Symbol Description Unit T ——> _ Shear Stress Nf a2 op als ——> Pressure Gradient 3 ax m r —— Radius of pipe m CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 13R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 / Ill / MECH / JUNE 2017 - NOV 2017 Symbol —_—_ u= Symbol u — op sy Ox Lu =—Te a= Symbol i — a, oP OT ey Ox —_ 1 Op — — + a(R? - 12) 4u 0 Description Unit Velocity of Fluid in Pipe m/s Pressure Gradient N Sn’ Radius of pipe m Viscosity 1 Op — — ee (R?) 4u Ox Description Unit Velocity of Fluid in Pipe my, Pressure Gradient Nias Viscosity vs it 1 Op ee (R?) 4u Ox Description Unit Average Velocity of Fluid m - /s in Pipe N Pressure Gradient J n3 Viscosity Nosy RATIO BETWEEN MAXIMUM VELOCITY AND AVERAGE VELOCITY: Umax u =2 CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 14R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 / Ill / MECH / JUNE 2017 - NOV 2017 DISCHARGE: 1 @ u=-—* eu, * 7 * R* Bu Ox Symbol Description Unit u ——> Velocity of Fluid in Pipe m/, 0 ep ——> Pressure Gradient N ma Ox mn ——> Viscosity Qin p.— p, = Seeitl 4, 2 D2 Symbol Description Unit i Average Velocity of Fluid m/, > in Pipe L —— Length of Pipe m Lu — = Viscosity N- S/n? Diameter of Pipe m D =“ f Pip p ——> __ Density of Liquid Koy 3 g ——> = Acceleration due to gravity ™/ <2 LOSS OF HEAD: Pi— Py 32yiiL hp = ———= —> [for Laminar flow] pg pgD DARCY WEISBACH EQUATION: — P, AfLv? hy = ———= —— [for Turbulent flow] 2gd Symbol Description Unit v ——> Velocity of Fluid in Pipe my, CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 15R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 / Ill / MECH / JUNE 2017 - NOV 2017 L ——> Length of Pipe m f — | Priction Factor d —— _ Diameter of Pipe m g ——> Acceleration due to gravity ™/ 2 REYNOLD’S NUMBER: pud R, = — on 0.079 = poms [For Turbulent Flow] e 6 f= = [For Laminar Flow] e Re < 2000 Then the Flow is Laminar R, > 2000 Then the Flow is Turbulent Symbol Description Unit v ——> Velocity of Fluid in Pipe m/, d —— > Diameter of Pipe m fi fat k p —— _ Density of Liquid Of Lu ——> Viscosity N—Shia MAJOR LOSS IN PIPES: _— 32uuL [ hand low] 1 = Dade for Laminar flow Af Lv? i = — [for Turbulent flow] CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 16Description U&v > Velocity of Fluid in Pipe m/, d —— _ Diameter of Pipe m ae kg _ p Density of Liquid 3 u — Viscosity v= Sha l ——> Length of Pipe m g —— Acceleration due to gravity m2 f —— Friction Factor MINOR LOSS IN PIPES: (vy = v2)? 29 Symbol Description Unit Velocity of Fluid in Pipe at he = — m vy & v2 Inlet and Outlet Is g ——> Acceleration due to gravity Mf gs LOSS DUE TO SUDDEN CONTRACTION: . Kv? : 2g k= ( 0.5v? ; hy = [If C, not given] 29 Symbol Description Unit v ——> Velocity of Fluid at Outlet my, Cc ——> Coefficient of Contraction CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) azK COLLEGE OF ENGC AND TECH /AQ/R2013/ C6451 g ——> = Acceleration due to gravity LOSS AT ENTRANCE OF PIPE: 0.5v? i 2g Symbol Description v —— > = Velocity of Fluid at Inlet g ——> = Acceleration due to gravity LOSS AT EXIT OF PIPE: ho = °= 3 Symbol Description v ——> = Velocity of Fluid at Outlet g —— Acceleration due to gravity LOSS DUE TO GRADUAL CONTRACTION: _ K@y= v2)? = a Symbol Description Velocity of Fluid in Pipe at —)> vy & v2 Inlet and Outlet he g ——> Acceleration due to gravity K ——> Coefficient of Contraction i _ Kv? b— 29 MECH Unit ™s ™ 2 Unit ™s "fe CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 18R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ/R2013/ CE6451/ MECH / JUNE 2017 - NOV 2017 Symbol Description Unit v —— Velocity of Flow ™/, g —— Acceleration due to gravity i K —— > Coefficient of Bend hk Kv? »= > 29 Symbol Description Unit v ——> Velocity of Flow 7M g ——> = Acceleration due to gravity ™/ 2 K ——> Coefficient of Fittings LOSS AT DUE TO OBSTRUCTION: = (eae) = 9g \G Aa) Co = _ Ac (A-a) Symbol Description Unit v ——> Velocity of Flow ™/, A — > = Areaof Pipe m2 a ——> >= Areaof Obstruction m? Ae ——> Areaof Vena Contraction m? WHEN PIPES ARE CONNECTED IN SERIES: Q= a= Q= Ay = Anv2 CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 19R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 / Ill / MECH / JUNE 2017 - NOV 2017 HEAD LOSS: Symbol Vy & Vz A,& Ay d,& dz L&ly g f hy = pr + hye hyp = 4flivy? | 4f lav," 2gd, 29d, Description — Velocity of Flow at Pipe 1 ——> >= Areaof Pipe 1 & 2 —— _ Diameter of Pipe 1 & 2 ——> Length of Pipe 1&2 —— Acceleration due to gravity ——> Fiction Factor Unit WHEN PIPES ARE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL: DISCHARGE: Symbol V1 & V2 A,& Ag d,& dy L&l, Q= a+ Q Q = Ayv, + Azv2 hp = Api = hyo h 4flyv,? — 4fl,v.? ST “2gd, — 2gdz Description Velocity of Flow at Pipe 1 &2 >) Arveaof Pipe 1 & 2 —— _ Diameter of Pipe 1 & 2 _—_ Length of Pipe | & 2 m CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 20R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 / Ill / MECH / JUNE 2017 - NOV 2017 g ——> Acceleration due to gravity ™/ 2 f —— Priction Factor EQUIVALENT PIPE: L Ly Ly ly lin Be ~ pst ast ast tos D D, D2 D; Dn Symbol Description Unit D ——> Diameter of Pipe m L —— Length of Pipe 7 BOUNDARY LAYER: DISPLACEMENT THICKNESS: Symbol Description Unit Uu U ——? Velocity Distribution 6 ——> Boundary layer thickness SHEAR STRESS: To 00 pu2 dx CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 21R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 / Ill / MECH / JUNE 2017 - NOV 2017 Su Uu 6= [ 7G- py DRAG FORCE: L Fy = I Shear Stress * Area 0 Li Fy= | tos dx 0 LOCAL COEFFICIENT OF DRAG: To + Cp = 7 sa 3P AVERAGE COEFFICIENT OF DRAG: Pp Cp = 1 2 =pAU 2 Symbol Description Unit To ——> Shear Stress Nine b ——> ~~ Width of Plate m Free Stream Velocit: U — y ™s p ——> _ Density of Liquid Koy 3 A —> Area m By ——> Dig Force N BLASIUS’S SOLUTION: CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 22Symbol Description Unit R > — Reynold’s Number at ex distance x Reynold’s Number at —_ Ret distance L CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 23R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 / Ill / MECH / JUNE 2017 - NOV 2017 UNIT - III - DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS UNITS: Physical Quantity Symbol Unit Dimensions Length Ts m L Mass M Kg M Time T Sec T Area A m 1 Volume Vv om Ase Diameter D m L Head H m L Roughness k M L Velocity v m/s LT! ‘Angular Velocity 0 rad/sec TI Acceleration a m/s? LT? Angular Acceleration | oa rad/sec? T? Speed | N Rpm Tl Discharge Q m/s LT! Kinematic Viscosity Y cm?/s er Dynamic Viscosity w N-s/m? ML'T! Force - F N MLT? Weight WwW N MLT? Thrust T N MLT? Density p Kg/ mm ML* Pressure P N/m? CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 24R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 / 111 / MECH / JUNE 2017 - NOV 2017 ———————————————————————————————————— Physical Quantity Symbol Unit Dimensions Specific Weight w N/m? Young’s Modulus E N/m? Bulk Modulus K N/m? Shear Stress. t N/m? Surface Tension o N/m Energy / Work W/E J=N-m Torque r N-m Power P Wel/s Momentum M Kg m/s Efficiency nT No Unit Dimensionless SIMILARITY: GEOMETRIC SIMILARITY: Lp = bp = Pp =e Lin bm Din " Ap _ bp, bp | — 72 —= —+* — HL, *L, = L, V, L by t. ~~ i" Bo ps br tle * L, = 1,3 m m 2m bm Symbol Description Unit Length of Prototype & —_—_ Ly&Lm Model m Breadth of Prototype & —_ by&bm Model m > Diameter of Prototype & Dy&Din Model m Thickness of Prototype & —_ fp &tm Model m Ap&Am —> Areaof Prototype & Model m2 CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 25R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ/R2013/ CE6451/ MECH / JUNE 2017 - NOV 2017 Volume of Prototype & — y 3 V8Vin Model ™ bg ——> Length Ratio Y% _ t=», Vm Gp _ —?aa, an Symbol Description Unit Velocity of Prototype & —> m Vp&Vm Model /s Acceleration of Prototype iti — Ayn & Model 1s D,. —> Velocity Ratio a>: ——> Acceleration Ratio DYNAMIC SIMILARITY: (Fp Fly a Fm Cm — (F im - Symbol Description Unit GRE Fm Ye Resor (Fo)p& (Fy) —_ ous Fore of Prototype N ( i )& (% dan 2» Gravity Force of Prototype Pa EB ——> ~—Porce Ratio DIMENSIONLESS NUMBER: REYNOLD'S NUMBER: D L Re= e (or) per ue be CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 26K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 Symbol Description p ——> _ Density v ——> Velocity mM ——> Viscosity D — Diameter m L —> Length m FROUDE’S NUMBER: ig Symbol Description Unit Velocity mh Acceleration due to m, u, Gravity s? Length m ., v i — vLg Symbol Description Unit v ——> = Velocity ™s Acceleration due to m —_ g Gravity /s2 L —— Length m Ey = Symbol Description Unit v ——> Velocity m/s p ——> _ Density Hay: 5 CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 2aR.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ/R2013/ CE6451/ p — Pressure WEBER’S NUMBER: We o /p Symbol Description v —> = Velocity p ——> Density L —> = Length o —— > Surface Tension MACH’S NUMBER: Symbol Description v —> Velocity p —— Density K — > = Hlastic Stress REYNOLD’S MODEL LAW: TIME RATIO: F, = M, a, Uy R= Mm 7p a = 2 Qe = Prby Vr MECH / JUNE 2017 - NOV 2017 Na Unit ™s k Ohne Nim Unit ™s kay m3 Nia CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 28R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 / Ill / MECH / JUNE 2017 - NOV 2017 Symbol Description Unit F, ——> = Force Ratio m, —— Mass Ratio Vr — ~= Velocity Ratio T, —_—> ~= ‘Time Ratio Lig ——> Length Ratio Pr ——> Density Ratio a, =1 DISCHARGE RAT a Q = (by) 2 FORCE RATIO: F, = (L,) PRESSURE RATIO: Ee = by ENERGY RATIO: E, = (L,)* MOMENTUM RATIO: M, = (Ly)? * JL, TORQUE RATIO: T, = (,)* CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 29R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 / Ill / MECH / JUNE 2017 - NOV 2017 POWER RATIO: 7, PB. = (Ly) /2 Symbol Description Unit be —— Length Ratio DISTORTED MODELS: (Lu = Linear Horizontal Dimensions of Prototype 77H ~~ Linear Horizontal Dimensions of Model Ly Bp LD)g= = (de = age (L,) Linear Vertical Dimensions of Prototype rv ~~ Linear Vertical Dimensions of Model h D (Lv = P VELOCITY RATIO: vy, = VLy)y AREA RATIO: A, = Uy) * Lv DISCAHRGE RATIO: Qr = (bru * [Lr] /2 CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 30K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 UNIT - IV - PUMPS CENTRIFUGAL PUMP: VELOCITY TRIANGLE DIAGRAM: wa Ne 7 Nr Veg. > YE, Symbol Description Unit my Sit, Se “Tintin ® Owes Vp &V p29 — Relative Velocity at Inlet & my, Vwi &Vwe a> Gann Velocity at Inlet & m/, 1&2 av Absolai Velocity at Inlet mg vp 8vp2 as law Velociy at Inlet & mg Angle made by Absolute Velocity at Inlet with the Direction of Motion of Vane Degree CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 31.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 MECH ‘Angle made by Relative Velocity at Inlet with the 8 Direction of Motion of Destee Vane Angle made by Absolute Velocity at Outlet with the —- : B Direction of Motion of Degree Vane Angle made by Relative Velocity at Outlet with the g Direction of Motion of Deeres Vane E md,N WwW = 60 Symbol Description Unit Inlet (or) Internal Diameter —_ dy of Impeller mm N ——> Speed of Impeller rpm md2,N uz = 60 Symbol Description Unit Oulet (or) External —_— d, Diameter of Impeller m N ——> Speed of Impeller rpm FROM INLET VELOCITY TRIANGLE DIAGRA Vet tan@ = afk Uy Symbol Description Unit Tangential Velocity of — m Uy Impeller at Inlet fs V1 ——> = Absolute Velocity at Inlet m/, CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 32MECH K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 Uf. 1 ——> = Flow Velocity at Inlet Angle made by Absolute Velocity at Inlet with the a Direction of Motion of Destee Vane ‘Angle made by Relative Velocity at Inlet with the — , Deg 8 Direction of Motion of eeree Vane “ a= 90° My = VP Vp2 tang = ———— U2 — Vw2 V2 = _|vpo? + ¥, 2 f2 w2 pe tang = —— Vw2 Symbol Description Unit ‘Tangential Velocity of Ly m U2 Impeller at Outlet ls vy > Whirl Velocity at Outlet m/s V2 —— Absolute Velocity at Outlet mM, pe —— How Velocity at Outlet my, Angle made by Relative Velocity at Outlet with the —_—_ Di g Direction of Motion of ae Vane B Angle made by Absolute Degree Velocity at Outlet with the CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 33R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ/R2013/ CE6451/ MECH / JUNE 2017 - NOV 2017 Direction of Motion of Vane Q = Tdyby vey = Mdzbave2 Symbol Description Unit Vp &Up2 — Bow Velocity at Inlet & M/s dy&idg > Dameeroftnnsterat ay b,&b, — Walk Impeller at Inlet 2 Q —— _ Discharge m3), Symbol Description Unit wa ——> Whirl Velocity at Outlet my, Tangential Velocity at > my, ug Outlet ts k, p —— Density a] 3 Q —— _ Discharge m/, Acceleration due to o> m g Gravity 152 WORK DONE BY AN IMPELLER PER UNIT WEIGHT OF WATE! Vy2l2 w= “4 g Symbol Description Unit Vw2 —> = Whirl Velocity at Outlet m/s Tangential Velocity at — m U2 Outlet Is CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 34R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ/R2013/ CE6451/ > Acceleration due to g Gravity MANOMETRIC EFFICIENCY: gH Nm = Vy2U2 Symbol Description Vwa ——> Whirl Velocity at Outlet Tangential Velocity at —_ uz Outlet ——> ~~ Manometric Head Acceleration due to — g Gravity P= PQvVy2U2 Symbol Description Vw2 —— Whirl Velocity at Outlet ai > Tangential Velocity at Outlet p —— _ Density Q —— _ Discharge P —> Power MINIMUM SPEED TO START THE PUMP: — 120 * Im * wo * de min — 2 2 m (dy” — d;”) Symbol Description Vw2 — > ~~ Whirl Velocity at Outlet Diameter of Impeller at _ d,&d Inlet & Outlet Nm —— > Manometric Efficiency MECH / JUNE 2017 - NOV 2017 "Ya Unit my, my, ™/s2 Unit ™s ™s kay m3 m/s kw Unit ™s CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 35R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ/R2013/ CE6451/ MECH / JUNE 2017 - NOV 2017 OVERALL EFFICIENCY: _ Impeller Power _ pgQH Na = Shaft Power ——S.P No = Nmano * Nmech * Nvot Symbol Description Unit p —— _ Density kay Q —— _ Discharge my, H ——> — Manometric Head m Acceleration due to m _ 4 g Gravity /s2 - pgQH * Vw2l2 mech SP gH Symbol Description Unit p —— Density Kays Q —— _ Discharge m/, H —— = Manometric Head m Acceleration due to m _ g Gravity 152 S.P —— Shaft Power w Vw2 —> Whirl Velocity at Outlet mys Tangential Velocity at — 2 y my, ug Outlet ts P= pgQH Symbol Description Unit p ——> _ Density Q —— Discharge m*/, CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 36R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 / Ill / MECH / JUNE 2017 - NOV 2017 H —_—?> = Manometric Head m > Acceleration due to m g Gravity 152 HYDRAULIC EFFICIENCY: Actual Lift Actual Head "nya ~ Theoretical Lift ~ “Tdeal Head IDEAL HEAD: Pr = pg(Q+ qi Symbol Description Unit k, p ——> Density a] 3 Q —— _ Discharge m/, Acceleration due to — m g Gravity /s2 q —— Leakage of Water m/, Hi ——> Ideal Head m > Power at Input w "i pI TORQUE EXERTED BY IMPELLER: pgQ T= * V2 * Ro Symbol Description Unit si k, p ——> Density 4/43 Q — _ Discharge m/, Acceleration due to m _ g Gravity 132 Vw2 —> ~~ Whirl Velocity at Outlet m/f, Radius of Impeller at —_—_ Ry Outlet m CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 37R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 / Ill / MECH / JUNE 2017 - NOV 2017 Symbol Q H iP N Ns SPEED RATIO: Symbol ug N, = S yPls ny. — MNP so Hols Description ——> _ Discharge — Head ——> Power —— Speed ——> _ specific speed K, = 0.95 — 1.25 Description > Tangential Velocity at Outlet — Head > Acceleration due to Gravity ——> Speed Ratio v, Ky ue 2gH Ky = 0.1 -0.25 Unit m/, kw rpm Unit ™s ™/s2 CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH)R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 / Ill / MECH / JUNE 2017 - NOV 2017 Symbol Description Unit Vee —— Flow Velocity at Outlet my, H —> = Head m g —* Accel ation due to my Ky —— Flow Ratio RECIPROCATING PUMP: DISCHARG Q ALN ~ 60 To . A= z D* [For Single Acting Pump] 24 = (p2_ ge i A= De + Zz (D* -d )| [For Double Acting Pump] Symbol Description Unit A —— Area of Cylinder m L —— Stroke Length m N ——> Speed rpm Diameter of Cylinder or — D Bore id d —— _ Diameter of Piston Rod m WEIGHT OF THE WATER DELIVERED PER SECOND: W= pgQ Symbol Description Unit p ——> Density Kay 3 Q — disc me), > Acceleration due to m g Gravity /s2 Ww —— Weight of Water Nis CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 39R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 / Ill / MECH / JUNE 2017 - NOV 2017 WORK DONE BY RECIPROCATING PUMP: W = pgQH H= het hg Symbol Description Unit p ——> _ Density Koy Q —— _ Discharge m*/, g — eseeniion due to my, H — = Head m Ww —> =~ Work Done w hs ——> - Suction Head m ha —— Delivery Head m POWER DEVELOPED BY RECIPROCATING PUMP: P= pgQactuaH Symbol Description Unit p —— _ Density kay Orcefa ——> Actual Discharge me), mS pecan due to my H —> = Head m POWER REQUIRED TO DRIVE THE PUM. P= pgQrneoreticar Symbol Description Unit p ——> Density kg ins Qrneoretical ‘Theoretical Discharge m/., g — Accel ation due to my H —> Head m CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 40R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH /AQ/R2013/ CE6451 SLIP OF RECIPROCATING PUM S= Qactuat — Qrheoreticat Symbol Description Unit Queena —— Actual Discharge m/, Qrheoretical ——> Theoretical Discharge m/, Qactuat Gps acti Qrneoretical Symbol Description Unit Qactual —> Actual Discharge mi/, Qrneoretical —> Theoretical Discharge m/, PERCENTAGE OF SLIP INRECIPROCATING PUMP: : Qrheoretical — Qactual % of Sifh= Qrheoretical % of Slip =1— Cq Symbol Description Unit Qacruty ——> Actual Discharge mm), charge 3 Qrheoretical 7 Theoretical Discharge nm /, Ca ——> Coefficient of Discharge Qactuat Nvol = 5 = Ca Qrheoretical Symbol Description Unit Qucenni —— Actual Discharge mds Qrheoretical — ——®_~_“Teoretical Discharge m?/, Ca —— > Coefficient of Discharge CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) aR.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 / Ill / MECH / JUNE 2017 - NOV 2017 Power Developed by Pump “mech = Power Required to Drive the Pump Power of Pump "mech ~ Bower of Motor i — pPIQactuarH mech —~ PIQrheoreticar Symbol Description Unit p ——> _ Density hay a Quceua —— Actual Discharge mf, Qrheoretical — ?_—Theoretical Discharge m/., > Acceleration due to m g Gravity 152 H — Head m ACCELERATION HEAD: I, A 2 x Nags = —* —* w* *r*cosd [At Suction Stroke] g as ly A ‘ . has = —* —* w**r*cosd [At Delivery Stroke] 9 Ga 1 A=-—D? 4 1 2 a;=—d s= | as 1 2 ag=—d a= 4a 2nN o=— 60 CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) a2Symbol Description Unit ly ——> Length of Suction Pipe m lg —— Length of Delivery Pipe m Acceleration due to m — g Gravity 12 A ——> Area of Cylinder m? ds —— Area of Suction Pipe m? Qa —— Area of Delivery Pipe m? wo —— Angular Speed radj. r —— Radius of Crank m a —— Angle of Crank degree D — > _ Diameter of Cylinder or mI Bore d, —— _ Diameter of Suction Pipe m da ———> _ Diameter of Delivery Pipe m N —— Speed of Crank rpm L —— Stroke Length m PRESSURE HEAD: Pressure Head = h, + has [For Suction Stroke] Pressure Head = hq + haa [For Delivery Stroke] Symbol Description Unit hs —— suction Head m ha —— _ Delivery Head m Acceleration Head at — has Suetion ™ CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) a3R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ / R2013/ CE6451 / 111 / MECH / JUNE 2017 - NOV 2017 ih > Acceleration Head at ad Delivery ABSOLUTE PRESSURE HEAD: m Absolute Pressure Head = Harm — (hs + has) [For Suction Stroke] Absolute Pressure Head = Hatm+ (hat Naa) [For Delivery Stroke] Symbol Description Unit hs —— Suetion Head m ha —— _ Delivery Head m h Acceleration Head at x as * Suction Acceleration Head at _—_ haa Delivery ™ Atmospheric Pressure —_ Harm Head m SEPARATION HEAD: Psep = PIhsep Symbol Description Unit p ——> _ Density kay > Acceleration due to m g Gravity 152 sep ——> Separation Head m Peep ——> Separation Pressure Ninn? HEAD LOSS WITHOUT AIR VESSEL: h 4f lav? fWwoa~ Jada Symbol Description Unit f > | Fiction Factor lg —— Length of Delivery Pipe m CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) a.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 MECH 5 > Velocity without Air Vessel > Acceleration due to g Gravity da —— _ Diameter of Delivery Pipe m A v= —* wer aa 1 A= 7D? 4 1 2 a= 7 da 4 2nN o =e— 60 L r=s 2 Symbol Description Unit A ——> Area of Cylinder m? ty ——> Area of Delivery Pipe m w ——> = Angular Speed rad/. r —— Radius of Crank m > Diameter of Cylinder or m Bore da —— _ Diameter of Delivery Pipe m —— Speed of Crank rpm L —— Stroke Length m CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 45Symbol Description Unit f —— Friction Factor lg —— Length of Delivery Pipe m v —— Velocity with Air Vessel my, Acceleration due to m, —_—_ g Gravity 132 da —— _ Diameter of Delivery Pipe m VELOCITY WITH AIR VESSEL: A r v= —* We aq 1 T A=-—D? 4 1 2 ag=-d a=] ta 2nN o = 60 L r=>s 2 Symbol Description Unit A ——> = Areaof Cylinder m? ty ——> Area of Delivery Pipe m wo —— = Angular Speed rad/. r —_ _ Radius of Crank Diameter of Cylinder or Bore CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH)da =— N _ L _ Symbol p —_ Q . g hywoa > hpwa — K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 MECH Diameter of Delivery Pipe m Speed of Crank rpm Stroke Length m hywoa — hywa) Description Unit Density Kays Discharge m/, Acceleration due to my Gravity a Head Loss Without Air m Vessel Head Loss With Air Vessel m POWER REQUIRED TO DRIVE THE PUMP: 2 P= pgQ (is + ha+ 3 hyswoa + hyawa) Symbol p — Q Ce g . hs =" ha — hpswoa > hpawa > Description Unit p kg Density Tins Discharge m/, Acceleration due to my Gravity s* Suction Head m Delivery Head m Head Loss Without Air Vessel at Suction me Head Loss With Air Vessel m at Delivery CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) azK COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 UNIT - V- TURBINES PELTON WHEEL: ‘1 Symbol Deserifition Unit ‘Tangential Velocity of “> m Uy &uz Runner at Inlet & Outlet Is » _ Relative Velocity at Inlet & a Vp &Yr2 Outlet Is Whirl Velocity at Inlet & my, Outlet s > Absolute Velocity at Inlet V&V, & Outlet * ™s vp &p2 » Flow Velocity at Inlet & my, Angle made by Absolute Velocity at Outlet with the ease Direction of Motion of = Vane Angle made by Relative Velocity at Outlet with the Deane Direction of Motion of Vane CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 48R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 / Ill / MECH / JUNE 2017 - NOV 2017 TANGENTIAL VELOCITY AT INLET AND OUTLET (OR) VELOCITY OF WHEEL: mDN u=— 60 Symbol Description Unit D —— _ Diameter of Runner m N ——> Speed of Impeller rpm VELOCITY OF JET: VY, = C,/f2gH C, = 0.97 — 0.99 Symbol Description Unit om —— Coefficient of Velocity Acceleration due to m _—_ g Gravity /s2 H — = Head m VELOCITY OF WHEEL: u= kyf2gH ky, = 0.43 — 0.45 Symbol Description Unit ky —— Speed Ratio Acceleration due to m g Gravity 132 H —> Head m FROM INLET VELOCITY TRIANGLE DIAGRAM: Wwi= VU Your = U1 + Ver CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) a9K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 Symbol Description Tangential Velocity of — m Uy, Runner at Inlet /s Ur ——> Relative Velocity at Inlet m/s Vw ——> Whirl Velocity at Inlet m/, A —— Absolute Velocity at Inlet m/, FROM OUTLET VELOCITY TRIANGLE DIAGRAM: Uz + V2 cos @ = ———— Vr2 vee tang = —_— ee U2 + Vw2 Uf2 sing = + Ur2 Uf2 tanB = oe? Vw2 Symbol Description Unit Tangential Velocity of > m ug Runner at Outlet Is Vr2 —— > Relative Velocity at Outlet my, DR —— Whirl Velocity at Outlet my, fe —— Flow Velocity at Outlet mys W = pQ [Ywit Yy2lu Symbol Description Unit Tangential Velocity of — m ue Runner Is Whirl Velocity at Inlet & — m PwiSYw2 Outlet /s : kg p ——> Density Tins Q —— _ Discharge m/., CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 50R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 / Ill / MECH / JUNE 2017 - NOV 2017 2[Vwi + Yw2lu Nhya = 2 Yn Symbol Description > Tangential Velocity of ue Runner Whirl Velocity at Inlet & — Vwi &Y we Outlet V4 > Absolute Velocity at Inlet OVERALL EFFICIENCY: Shaft Power "No Input Power S.P No = pgQH Symbol Description p —— Density Q —— Discharge Acceleration due to _ g Gravity H —> Head S.P —— Shaft Power rE 2 q= z x d** Vy Symbol Description d ——> _ Diameter of Jet Vy ——> = Absolute Velocity at Inlet q —— _ Discharge of Single Jet Unit ™s m/, my, Unit m my, m/s CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 51R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 / Ill / MECH / JUNE 2017 - NOV 2017 n=— q Symbol Description Unit Q —— Discharge ne ls q —— _ Discharge of Single Jet m/, Z=15 p = + 2d Symbol Description Unit d ——> Diameter of Jet m D —— _ Diameter of Runner m DIMENSIONS OF BUCKET: Axial Width B=4.5d Radial Length L=2.5d Depth of Bucket T=d Symbol Description Unit d —— _ Diameter of Jet m KINETIC ENERGY OF JET: 1 2 K.E of Jet = zm Since m= pAV 1 Therefore K.E of Jet = 7 prArV, «V,? CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 52R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 / Ill / MECH / JUNE 2017 - NOV 2017 Since Q= AV 1 Therefore K.E of Jet = ze Q*V,? POWER LOST IN NOZZLE: Input Power = Kinetic Energy + Power Lost in Nozzle POWER LOST IN RUNNER: Input Power = Power of Shaft + Power Lost in Nozzle + Power Lost in Runner + Power Lost Due to Mechanical Resistance RESULTANT FORCE ON BUCKET: F = pQ [wit Ywal Symbol Description Unit F —— > Resultant Force on Bucket N Whirl Velocity at Inlet & > my, Vwi &Yw2 Outlet 1s p ——> _ Density MOF og Q ——> Discharge m/., TORQUE: T=F p = Feo 2 Symbol Description Unit F —— __ Resultant Force on Bucket N D —— _ Diameter of Runner m T —> = Torque N-m CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 53R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 / Ill / MECH / JUNE 2017 - NOV 2017 2nNT ~~ 60— Symbol Description Unit P —> Power w T —— > > Torque N-m N —— Speed of Shaft Rpm SPECIFIC SPEED: nya N, = Whe ny — NMP nhs Symbol Description Unit Q —— _ Discharge m/, H — Head m P — Power kw N —— Speed rpm N. ——> Specific Speed o CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 54K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 REACTION TURBINE: INWARD FLOW REACTION TURBINE: Symbol Uz &Uy Vy &Vy2 Vwi &Yw2 Vi&V, Vp &Vp2 a Description Tangential Velocity of Runner at Inlet & Outlet Relative Velocity at Inlet & Outlet Whirl Velocity at Inlet & Outlet Absolute Velocity at Inlet & Outlet Flow Velocity at Inlet & Outlet Angle made by Absolute Velocity at Inlet with the Direction of Motion of Vane Angle made by Relative Velocity at Inlet with the Direction of Motion of Vane Angle made by Relative Velocity at Outlet with the Unit ™s my, my, ™s Degree Degree Degree CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 55MECH / JUNE 2017 - NOV 2017 Direction of Motion of Vane R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ/R2013/ CE6451/ TANGENTIAL VELOCITY AT INLET: md,N Wy = 60 Symbol Description Unit Inlet (or) External —_— dy Diameter m N ——> Speed of Turbine rpm md,N uu ==> 60 Symbol Description Unit Outlet (or) Internal _ d, Diameter m N > Speed of Turbine rpm FROM INLET VELOCITY TRIANGLE DIAGRAM: UFR sina = aS vy cosa = pi Vy vpn tang = 4 Vwi si Vfr sin@ = in Ur1 Vwi ~ Ud cos 8 = ———— Ur CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 56K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 Up tan@ = f Vwi — Uy Symbol Description Unit Vw1 —— Whirl Velocity at Inlet m/, Yy —— Absolute Velocity at Inlet my, Vpy —— Flow Velocity at Inlet my, Tangential Velocity of — m Uy Runner at Inlet Is Vr. —— > _ Relative Velocity at Inlet m/, Angle made by Absolute Velocity at Inlet with the —_—_ - D ie Direction of Motion of a Vane Angle made by Relative Velocity at Inlet with the _ me “ D 8 Direction of Motion of eeree Vane S 2 2 Vr = [p12 + wi U4) Symbol Description Unit Vpy ——> Relative Velocity at Inlet my, Vw —— Whirl Velocity at Inlet my, ft ——> Flow Velocity at Inlet my, Tangential Velocity of ed mi, Uy Runner at Inlet ds DISCHARGE: Q = Tdyby vey = Mdzbave2 Q = Ave, = Avpz = Apivpi = Apovy2 Symbol Description Unit CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) szR.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 / Ill / MECH / JUNE 2017 - NOV 2017 vp &Vp2 —— Bon eeety at Inlet & my, dyad, > ase by &b> — Widuiot Impeller at Inlet m Q — _ Discharge m/, A —— = Area of Runner m? Api &Arz — ara ot Flow at Inlet & my, MASS OF WATER FLOWING THROUGH THE RUNNER: m= pQ Symbol Description Unit Q —— _ Discharge m/, p ——> Density kay a HEAD AT INLET OF TURBII 7 Ho vin uy +E Symbol Description Unit ts —— __ Whirl Velocity at Inlet my, Vey ——> Flow Velocity at Inlet m/, uy merit ™s g —— Acceleration due to gravity Mss INPUT POWER TO TURBINE (OR) POWER GIVEN TO TURBINE: = pgQH Symbol Description Unit p ——> _ Density kay a Q ——> _ Discharge m/., CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 58K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 > Acceleration due to my g Gravity s? H —> Head m POWER DEVELOPED BY TURBINE: P= p*Q* vyi* Wy Symbol Description Unit : k, p ——> Density o/ 3 Q —— Discharge m/, Vwi > Whirl Velocity at Inlet my, Tangential Velocity of — m Uy Runner at Inlet Is HYDRAULIC EFFICIENC o — Vwi hyd “gH H Head Inlet — Head Loss Ave Head Inlet Symbol Description Unit Tangential Velocity of se m Uy Runner at Inlet Is Vwt —> = Whirl Velocity at Inlet m/f, Acceleration due to m, _ g Gravity 152 H =? Head m _ Shaft Power Mo = Input Power _ SP ~ pgQH CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 59 NoSymbol p Q g H Symbol a = Ky Symbol K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 Description ——= _ Density —— _ Discharge > Acceleration due to Gravity —_— > Head — = Shaft Power K, = 0.6- 0.9 Description _ Tangential Velocity —_—? = Head > Acceleration due to Gravity —— Speed Ratio Kp= 1 f2ght Ky = 015-03 Description —— > = Flow Velocity at Inlet —> = Head > Acceleration due to Gravity — = Flow Ratio Unit my, ™/s2 Unit CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 60R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH /AQ SPECIFIC SPEE! 2013) CE6451 wa N, = 3 Ho/4 Wi NvP 3 = —S Hola Symbol Description Unit Q —— _ Discharge m/, H —> = Head m P ——> Power kw N —— Speed rpm N, ——> _ specific speed OUTWARD FLOW REACTION TURBINE: Symbol Description Unit Tangential Velocity of — m Uy, &uy Runner at Inlet & Outlet Is CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 61K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 Relative Velocity at Inlet & — m Vp &V¢2 Outlet Is > Whirl Velocity at Inlet & ‘i Vwi &Ywe2 Outlet ts Absolute Velocity at Inlet — m, V&V, & Outlet Is Flow Velocity at Inlet & — m, Vp &v 72 Outlet Is ‘Angle made by Absolute Velocity at Inlet with the —_ . a Direction of Motion of Desiee Vane Angle made by Relative Velocity at Inlet with the —_—_ D 8 Direction of Motion of Cane Vane Angle made by Relative Velocity at Outlet with the — -: bs D g Direction of Motion of ee Vane TANGENTIAL VELOCITY AT INLET: md,N Use ee 60. Symbol Description Unit d, ——> Inlet (or) Internal Diameter m N ——> Speed of Turbine rpm md2N uz = 60 Symbol Description Unit Outlet (or) External —_—_ a, Diameter m N ——> _ Speed of Turbine rpm FROM INLET VELOCITY TRIANGLE DIAGRAM: CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 62K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 Vet sing = at cosa = awa Yn Up1 tana = 4 Vwt vp sing = 4 Uri Vwi 7 U1 cos 9 = ————_ Urt Uft tan@ = f Vwi — Uy Description Unit Symbol Vwi —— Whirl Velocity at Inlet m/, VY ——> Absolute Velocity at Inlet my, py —— Flow Velocity at Inlet my, Tangential Velocity of a m Uy Runner at Inlet Is Vey —— Relative Velocity at Inlet my, Angle made by Absolute Velocity at Inlet with the —>——> - Di ie Direction of Motion of eres Vane Angle made by Relative 9 Velocity at Inlet with the Degree Direction of Motion of Vane CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 63Symbol Description Unit Vry —> Relative Velocity at Inlet m/f, Vwi ——> Whirl Velocity at Inlet m/, Up1 —— Flow Velocity at Inlet m/, Tangential Velocity of — m Wy Runner at Inlet ts DISCHARGE: Q =Mdyby vy, = Mdzbave2 Q = Avy, = Aven = Apivpr = ApeV ea Symbol Description Unit vf &vyp2 —e prow vagy at Inlet & my, yf, \ op Dares b,&b> . Rene Impeller at Inlet ‘m Q > Discharge m*/., A ——> Area of Runner m? Api &Ar2 > Area of Flow at Inlet & M/s MASS OF WATER FLOWING THROUGH THE RUNNER: m= pQ Symbol Description Unit Q ——> _ Discharge ne), p —— _ Density Kays CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) oaR.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ/R2013/ CE6451/ MECH / JUNE 2017 - NOV 2017 INPUT POWER TO TURBINE (OR) POWER GIVEN TO TURBINE: P= pgQH Symbol Description p ——> Density Q —— Discharge g — ocee ‘ation due to H — = Head POWER DEVELOPED BY TURBIN! P= p*Q* Vy, * Uy Symbol Description p —— _ Density Q ——> _ Discharge Vw1 —— Whirl Velocity at Inlet ‘i > Tangential Velocity of 1 Runner at Inlet q — Ywils hyd gH Head Inlet — Head Loss give Head Inlet Symbol Description aL > Tangential Velocity of 1 Runner at Inlet Vw1 ——> Whirl Velocity at Inlet > Acceleration due to g Gravity H —> = Head Unit ky Of aa m/, "Yaa m Unit ™s ™s my CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 6sR.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 / Ill / MECH / JUNE 2017 - NOV 2017 OVERALL EFFICIENCY: Symbol p Q g H Symbol u H g Ky FLOW RATIO: Shaft Power No = Input Power S.P pgQH Description —— _ Density No —— _ Discharge > Acceleration due to Gravity —_— > = Head — = Shaft Power K, = 0.6— 0.9 Description —— > = Tangential Velocity ——> = Head > Acceleration due to Gravity —— Speed Ratio v, Ky ft 2gH Ky = 0.15 -0.3 Unit k Mn mf ii CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 66Symbol py H g Ky SPECIFIC SPEED: Symbol z2v t0 = K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 Description —— Flow Velocity at Inlet —_—> = Head > Acceleration due to Gravity —— = Flow Ratio Ny@ 3 N, = S wPls ve NvP Pls Description ——> Discharge —— = Head —> ~~ Power — Speed —— > _ specific speed Unit 3 m/, kw rpm CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) ozSymbol Uz Suz Vp &V¢2 Vy1 &Uy2 V, &V2 vp &Vp2 Description Tangential Velocity of Runner at Inlet & Outlet Relative Velocity at Inlet & Outlet Whirl Velocity at Inlet & Outlet Absolute Velocity at Inlet & Outlet Flow Velocity at Inlet & Outlet Angle made by Absolute Velocity at Inlet with the Direction of Motion of Vane Angle made by Relative Velocity at Inlet with the Direction of Motion of Vane Angle made by Relative Velocity at Outlet with the Direction of Motion of Vane Unit Degree Degree Degree CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 68R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ/R2013/ CE6451/ TANGENTIAL VELOCITY AT INLET: MECH / JUNE 2017 - NOV 2017 md,N w= 7 60 Symbol Description Unit Tnlet (or) External —_ dy Diameter ™ N —— Speed of Turbine rpm td2N UW = 2 60 Symbol Description Unit Outlet (or) Internal _ dz Diameter a N ——> Speed of Turbine rpm cos @ Y vpn tana = 4 Vwi . Ve sin@ = ah Ur Vwi ~ Uy cos @ = == Ur ee tan@ = f Vwi — U1 CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 69K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 Symbol Description Port: —— Whirl Velocity at Inlet m/, Vy —— = Absolute Velocity at Inlet mM, vf —— Flow Velocity at Inlet m/, Tangential Velocity of _ my Uy Runner at Inlet fs Vry —— Relative Velocity at Inlet m/f, Angle made by Absolute Velocity at Inlet with the a Direction of Motion of Destee Vane ‘Angle made by Relative Velocity at Inlet with the _—_ 8 Direction of Motion of Dee Vane RELATIVE VELOCITY AT INLET: = 2 2 Vr = |p? + (Vwi — M4) Symbol Description Unit Vr4 ——> Relative Velocity at Inlet my, Vwi —— > Whirl Velocity at Inlet m/s UPL —— > Flow Velocity at Inlet m/, Tangential Velocity of py m Uy Runner at Inlet Is DISCHARGE: Q = ndybyvpy = Mdzbyve2 Q = Ave = Avpz = Apivei = ApaVza Symbol Description Unit Flow Velocity at Inlet & — m Vp &V py Outlet Is Diameter of Impeller at —_ d,&d, Inlet & Outlet m CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 70R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ/R2013/ CE6451/ MECH / JUNE 2017 - NOV 2017 b&b, md Q — A _ Ap&Ap, = > Width of Impeller at Inlet fn CIRCUMFERENTIAL AREA OF RUNNER: Symbol d,&d, —_— b&b. — A -_-_ & Outlet . 3 Discharge m/, Area of Runner m? Area of Flow at Inlet & my, Outlet 2 A=md,b, = md,b, Description Unit Diameter of Impeller at Inlet & Outlet cr Width of Impeller at Inlet & Outlet y Circumferential Area of Runner MASS OF WATER FLOWING THROUGH THE RUNNER: Symbol Q tS p — m= pQ Description Unit Discharge m/, Density Koy INPUT POWER TO TURBINE (OR) POWER GIVEN TO TURBINE: P Symbol p —_— Q md g ’ H —_—> = pgQH Description Unit : k Density a) 3 Discharge m/, Acceleration due to my Gravity 3? Head m CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) mnR.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 / Ill / MECH / JUNE 2017 - NOV 2017 P= p*Q* Vy, * Uy Symbol Description Unit p ——> Density ‘ay Q —— _ Discharge nm /, Vw1 —— Whirl Velocity at Inlet my, Tangential Velocity of er my, U4 Runner at Inlet ts HYDRAULIC EFFICIENCY: n — Uwilt hyd gH Head Inlet — Head Loss Thya Head Inlet Symbol Description Unit Tangential Velocity of > my Uy Runner at Inlet ts Pyt ——> Whirl Velocity at Inlet my, Acceleration due to m — g Gravity 132 H > ~~ Head m OVERALL EFFICIENCY: Shaft Power ig Input Power S.P pgQH Symbol Description Unit p ——> _ Density ‘ay No Q ——> _ Discharge m/, CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 72Symbol u H g K, 2 Symbol K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 g H S.P > Acceleration due to Gravity —_—> = Head —? ~~ Shaft Power K, = Uu “" [2gH K, = 0.6- 0.9 Description ——> Tangential Velocity —> = Head > Acceleration due to Gravity —— Speed Ratio vpr Description —— How Velocity at Inlet — Head > Acceleration due to Gravity — Flow Ratio Unit ™s my Unit ™s MY s2 CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 73R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ/R2013/ CE6451/ BREADTH RATIO: by ue dh 0.1— 0.4 Symbol Description by > Width of Runner at Inlet dy ——> _ Diameter of Runner at Inlet n — Breadth Ratio x, = PS H/s ne NP sé Ha Symbol Description Q ——> _ Discharge H —> = Head P — Power N —— = Speed N, —— Specific Speed MECH / JUNE 2017 - NOV 2017 Unit Unit m/s kW rpm CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 7Symbol Uz Suz Vp &V¢2 Vwi &Vwa2 V, &V2 vp &Vp2 K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 KAPLAN TURBINE: Description Unit Tangential Velocity of a Runner at Inlet & Outlet Is Relative Velocity at Inlet & m Outlet Is Whirl Velocity at Inlet & m Outlet Is Absolute Velocity at Inlet my & Outlet = Flow Velocity at Inlet & my, Outlet = Angle made by Absolute Velocity at Inlet with the Degree Direction of Motion of Vane Angle made by Relative Velocity at Inlet with the Degree Direction of Motion of Vane Angle made by Relative Velocity at Outlet with the Degree Direction of Motion of Vane CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 75R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 / Ill / MECH / JUNE 2017 - NOV 2017 TANGENTIAL VELOCITY AT INLET: mD,N 4 60 Symbol Description Unit Inlet (or) External _ Do Diameter m N > Speed of Turbine rpm TANGENTIAL VELOCITY AT OUTLET: TD,yN 1mD,N uw = — = 2 60 60 Symbol Description Unit Outlet (or) Boss (or) Hub Dy or Di, > Diaeter ™" N —— Speed of Turbine rpm FROM INLET VELOCITY TRIANGLE DIAGRA , vp1 sina = vy. cosa = wi Vy Ufa tana = 4 Yw1 : ee sing = 4 Uri Ywi — U4 cos 9 = ———— Urt Uf tan@ = f Vwi — Uy CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 76Symbol Vwi . Vy » Up1 —_ Uy . Vr 1 — a —_— 6 _ K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 Description Whirl Velocity at Inlet Absolute Velocity at Inlet Flow Velocity at Inlet Tangential Velocity of Runner at Inlet Relative Velocity at Inlet Angle made by Absolute Velocity at Inlet with the Direction of Motion of Vane Angle made by Relative Velocity at Inlet with the Direction of Motion of Vane RELATIVE VELOCITY AT INLET: Vy, = _|Vpy? + (Vwi - U1)? Symbol Ur1 Te Vwi {th vet —— Uy - DISCHARGE: 7 C4 Symbol v1 —_— Do —> Dy or Di —> Description Relative Velocity at Inlet Whirl Velocity at Inlet Flow Velocity at Inlet Tangential Velocity of Runner at Inlet [Do* — Dp* |vfr Description Flow Velocity at Inlet Inlet (or) External Diameter Outlet (or) Boss (or) Hub Diameter Degree Degree Unit ™s ™s ™s my, Unit ™s CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) aR.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ / R2013/ CE6451 / 111 / MECH / JUNE 2017 - NOV 2017 Q ——> Discharge m/, CIRCUMFERENTIAL AREA OF RUNNER: 1 A= G10" — D,?| Symbol Description Unit Dy iene “ Dp or Dn —s Outtt (on Boss (or) Hub m A —s Circumterenta Area of m2 MASS OF WATER FLOWING THROUGH THE RUNNER: m= pQ Symbol Description Unit Q — _ Discharge m/, : k p —> Density Oy INPUT POWER TO TURBINE (OR) POWER GIVEN TO TURBINE: = pgQH Symbol Description Unit . k, p ——> Density O/ a3 Q —— Discharge m/, Acceleration due to m —>, g Gravity 152 H —> = Head m Pp Y. NE: P= p*Q* vyi* Wy Symbol Description Unit p ——> _ Density Hay: 5 Q ——> Discharge ne ts CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 7Vwi . Uy HYDRAULIC EFFICIENC’ A — Vwi hyd = oe Head Inlet — Head Loss "nya Head Inlet Symbol Description > — Tangential Velocity of Uy, Runner at Inlet Vw1 — ~~ Whirl Velocity at Inlet g > Acceleration due to Gravity H —> = Head Shaft Power No Input Power S.P No = pgQH Symbol Description p ——> _ Density Q ——> Discharge a >» Acceleration due to Gravity H —> Head S.P —— - Shaft Power K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 Whirl Velocity at Inlet Tangential Velocity of Runner at Inlet MECH Unit ™s ™s ™Ys2 Unit CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 79R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH /AQ/R2013/ CE6451 SPEED RATIO: = 0.6-— 0.9 Symbol Description Unit u ——> = Tangential Velocity m/s H —> Head m Acceleration due to —* m g Gravity 152 Ky —— speed Ratio Symbol Description Unit Vey —— Flow Velocity at Inlet my, H —> Head m Acceleration due to — my, g Gravity 132 Ky —— Flow Ratio SPECIFIC SPEED: wa N. = 5 Pla —_ NvP s = H/s CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 80K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 Symbol Description Q — _ Discharge H —> = Head m P — Power kW N —— Speed rpm Ng ——> = Specific Speed DRAFT TUBE: CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 81K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 Symbol Description Vi &V2 ——> Velocity at Inlet & Outlet m/, H 5 Vertical Height of Draft m s Tube Above Tail Race > — Distance of Bottom of ft ¥ Draft Tube from Tail Race FROM BERNOULLI’S EQUATION: 2 2 AON Py 2 + +4 = SH t+ Stat ly pg 2g pg 2g Symbol Description Unit Pressure at Inlet & Outlet N —_—_ Py & Pp of Draft Tube Tne Velocity at Inlet & Outlet a m V, &V, of Draft Tube ts Datum Head Inlet & Outlet —_—_ % &Z2 of Draft Tube Zp hg ——> Head Loss m p —— _ Density of Liquid kg a g —— Acceleration due to gravity Mo LENGTH OF DRAFT TUBE: L=H,+y Symbol Description Unit L —— Length of Draft Tube m Vertical Height of Draft —_— Hs Tube Above Tail Race m > Distance of Bottom of m y Draft Tube from Tail Race EFFICIENCY OF DRAFT TUBE: Na = Go~ ay)= br 2) a CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 82R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ /R2013/ CE6451 / Ill / MECH / JUNE 2017 - NOV 2017 Symbol Description Unit Velocity at Inlet & Outlet — m Vz & V2 of Draft Tube ts hy ——> Head Loss m g ——> Acceleration due to gravity me HYDRAULIC EFFICIENCY OF DRAFT TUBE: _ Head Utilized by Turbine Maya = Head Inlet of Turbine Vo? H— het — hea No Nhyd = 2 P. v. Ay ah, Pg 29 Symbol Description Unit Pressure at Inlet of Draft — N Py Tube J? Velocity at Inlet & Outlet — m V, &Ve of Draft Tube ts Datum Head Inlet of Draft —_— 44 Tube " hy ——> Head Loss m we ki p ——> Density of Liquid Wa —— Acceleration due to gravit Mo g gravity s CE6451 — FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY FORMULA BOOK PREPARED By BIBIN.C / ASHOK KUMAR.R / SADASIVAN . N (AP / MECH) 83