Foundations of

Statistical Mechanics
Volume II:
Nonequilibrium Phenomena

by

Walter T. Grandy, Jr.

Department of Physics and Astronomy,
The University of Wyoming, U.S.A.

D. Reidel Publishing Company

A MEMBER OF THE KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS GROUP

Dordrecht / Boston / Lancaster / Tokyo

 Contents

Preface xi

Prologue 1
References 5

Chapter 1
The Equations of Classical Hydrodynamics 6
A. Rheology 6
B. The Conventional Microscopic Connection 14
Transport Coefficients 17
C. Thermodynamics 21
D. Critique 25
Problems 27
References 27

Chapter 2
General Theory of Nonequilibria 30
A. Theory of the Partition Functional 31
References 37

Chapter 3
Theory of Dynamical Response 39
A. Response Functions 39
B. Linear Response and Fluctuations 43
C. The Scope of Linear Response Theory 48
Problems 50
References 52

Chapter 4
Dynamical Response of Real Systems 53
Electric Fields 53
Magnetic Fields 57
A. Magnetic Polarization 59
B. Electric Polarization 62
viii Contents

C. Electrical Conductivity 64
D. Gyromagnetic Phenomena 69
E. Galvanomagnetic Effects 74
F. Nonlinear Electromagnetic Response 77
Problems 82
References 82

Chapter 5
General Nonequilibrium Processes 84
A. Theory of the Steady State 85
B. The Linear Approximation 88
Comparison with Linear Dynamic Response 96
C. Higher-Order Terms 102
Problems 105
References 106

Chapter 6
Analysis of Covariance Functions for Simple Fluids 107
A. General Properties of Covariance Functions 113
Limiting Forms 120
B. Calculation of Covariance Functions 125
Perturbation Theory 125
Free-Particle Covariance Functions 134
Summary 141
Problems 143
References 146

Chapter 7
Thermally Driven Systems 148
A. Theory of Thermal Driving 149
Mode Coupling 152
Entropy 155
Relation to Dynamical Driving 157
B. Relaxation Processes 158
Time-Decay of Covariance Functions 163
Problems 166
References 166

Chapter 8
T r a n s p o r t Processes a n d Hydrodynamics 168
A. Linear Transport Processes 172
Particle Diffusion 174
Thermal Conductivity 176
Contents ix

Viscoelasticity 179
B. Thermomechanical Processes 183
Thermoelectric Phenomena 184
Thermomagnetic Effects 185
C. The Equations of Hydrodynamics 187
D. The Hydrodynamic Limit 190
Transport Coefficients 191
Structure of Covariance Functions 194
Problems 198
References 198

Chapter 9
Sound Propagation and Attenuation 201
A. The Classical Theory of Sound 201
Microscopic Connection 208
B. Linear Theory of Sound Propagation and Attenuation 211
Some General Considerations 215
C. Ideal Gases, I: Boltzmann Statistics 217
Physical Interpretation 220
An Interaction Model 222
D- Ideal Gases, II: Quantum Statistics 231
Landau Theory of the Fermi Liquid 234
Problems 237
References 238

Epilogue 240
Nonlinearities 240
Irregular Motion 241
References 244

Appendix A
Operator Calculus and Identities 247
Operator Identities 247
Time-Evolution Operators 249
References 252

Appendix B
Diagrammatic Analysis of Covariance Functions 253
Self-Energy Analysis 260
Interaction Models 264
Ring Diagrams 265
Ladder Diagrams 268
Generalized Vertices 274
References 276
x Contents

Appendix C
The Density Covariance Function 278
Summation of Ring Diagrams 281
Ladder Sum and Hard Spheres 285
Knn(k,v)B in Second Order 287
References 292

Index 293