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Análisis de Aceite - Motor Diesel
Análisis de Aceite - Motor Diesel
VI Ciclo
Laboratorio Nº 05
ANÁLISIS DE ACEITES
(INTERPRETACIÓN)
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OIL ANALYSIS
(Interpretation)
1. Aim
Interpret an oil analysis report to establish the health conditions of the oil, its
contamination and the state of wear of heavy machinery.
2. Theoric introduction
Oil analysis is a routine activity for analyzing oil health, oil contamination and
machine wear. The purpose of an oil analysis program is to verify that a lubricated
machine is operating according to expectations. When an abnormal condition or
parameter is identified through oil analysis, immediate actions can be taken to
correct the root cause or to mitigate a developing failure.
An obvious reason to perform oil analysis is to understand the condition of the oil,
but it is also intended to help bring to light the condition of the machine from which
the oil sample was taken. There are three main categories of oil analysis: fluid
properties, contamination and wear debris.
3. Materials
4. Process
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1. Fluid Properties
This type of oil analysis focuses on identifying the oil’s current physical and chemical
state as well as on defining its remaining useful life (RUL). It answers questions such as:
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Has the viscosity shifted from the expected viscosity? If so, why?
¿Ha cambiado la viscosidad de la viscosidad esperada? Si es asi, ¿Por qué?
Se puede apreciar que la viscosidad ha ido disminuyendo mientras iban aumentando las horas de
trabajo del equipo. Sin embargo se mantiene dentro del rango aceptable.
Viscosidad
12
10
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
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2. Contamination
By detecting the presence of destructive contaminants and narrowing down their
probable sources (internal or external), oil analysis can help answer questions such as:
Principalmente los metales producto del desgaste por elementos del motor, ademas de los
residuos producidos por el propio funcionamiento del motor en la combustion.
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El presente análisis pertenece a un motor Diésel por lo que obtendremos sus rangos de presencia
de metales de desgaste.
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Cobre >45 Crítico
26 – 45 Precaución
16 – 25 20 Marginal
0 - 15 Normal
En base al resultado del aceite, si produce partículas de residuo de desgaste, representando entre
ellos el cobre (20) y el silicio (8.3) los más significativos con tendencia a ser críticos sin un
control óptimo de la salud del lubrucante.
Por el Cobre: Posibles elementos desgastados son los bujes, cojinetes y arandelas.
Exposición a
contaminantes
externos( polvo y
tierra)
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Se encuentra en una condición “marginal”, fuera de los normal sin embargo, por debajo de la tendencia
de preacución o alerta.
Secuencia de desgaste de Cu
12
10
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
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Secuencia de desgaste de Si
12
10
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
1. Read and check the data on the oil type and machine type for accuracy.
2. Verify that reference data is shown for new oil conditions and that trend data is at an
understood frequency (preferably consistent).
3. Check the measured viscosity.
4. Verify elemental wear data and compare to reference and trended data. Use a wear
debris atlas to match elements to their possible source.
5. Check the elemental additive data and compare to reference and trended data. Use
a wear debris atlas to match elements to their possible source.
6. Verify elemental contamination data along with particle counts and compare with
reference and trended data. Use a wear debris atlas to match elements to their
possible source.
7. Check moisture/water levels and compare to reference and trended data.
8. Verify the acid number and base number and compare to reference and trended
data.
9. Check other analyzed data such as FTIR oxidation levels, flash point, demulsibility,
analytical ferrography, etc.
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Monitoreó de Condición y análisis de fallas
10. Compare any groups of data that are trending toward unacceptable levels and make
justifications based on these trends.
11. Compare written results and recommendations with known information on the oil and
machine, such as recent changes in environmental or operational conditions or
recent oil changes/filtration.
12. Review alarm limits and make adjustments based on the new information.
Typically, an oil analysis report comes with a written summary section that attempts
to put the results and recommendations in layman’s terms. But, since the laboratory
has never seen the machine or know its full history, these recommended actions are
generic and not tailored to your individual circumstances. Therefore, it is the
responsibility of the plant personnel who receive the lab report to take the proper
action based on all known facts about the machine, the environment and recent
lubrication tasks performed.
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