278 for hough shildris, coolies, and guides suus- forod n dozon mon, ib took them fom tolcrably carly in the moraing till much past miday bo- foro tho centre of the caim was cleared, Ta accomplishidg this, one remarinble feature wns abyorved : in tho maiddlo of the well thoro was a long Jorge stone nearly four fect in length, of considerable thickness and tapering upwards, placed npright, filled in, and covered with tho stones which filled tho woll. Whother this iad any lingam, or other signifeaneo, T cannot say, After tho oirenlar central opening wus at fast cleared, nothing was found to reward tho toil bub somte pleces of a lnngo min j a miniature bolilo's-head of hard-baked clay; a human head Whe size of a limo, of tho samo—tha Lair bheing represonted by litte dotted rings; and a staal gickle-shapod iron-knife: the whole cairn ‘THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY. [Ooroven, 1873. ‘nd been built on the rock, and there wore only two or three inches of soilat the bottom of tho wall, Considering tho nouber of objects fro- quently yielded by cairns, I wasmuch disappoint. cdat this resulé The lill-top was tho most commanding of thomany aronnd, on almost every ‘one of which o caira was visible, and there waa a magnigcent prospect from it ovur Kolagtt and the low conatry hoyond, extonding to the distant Salo and Trichinipalli lulls, Hence one was led to conclude the enirn must be the Darinl-place of a great chioftain ; and the enor mous Iabour expended in carrying such mals titndes of stones up a Lill that was trying to wnscoud etapty-landed, raised tho expectation thoy would cover @ rich and various fanerat acposit, ©, Randuiph Crescent, London, June 1873, MUSALMAN RESINS if THE SOUTH KONEAN. BY *. K NAIRNE, Ese, Bo. C8, BANDORA. T—Dabhol. ‘Che Sonthorn Konkan is s distwict which up fo the time of the Alarithis possessed little isnporlance, aud is but soldom mentioned in tho carlior lustories, ‘Tho Musslmins, who epzend 60 gradunlly over India, would perhaps nover Lave thought 60 barren and uncivilized & coun- tay worth conquering at all, if st had not boon tliat its eeaports gave ravollors from Persio. and Arnbia, ensier access to the groat cities of the Dekhan than could bo bad by any Sand Joriney and it must Lave been necessary also to keep open certain routes from theso ports to the Dekhan, without which the command of the cozst yronld ave boon of liti¥o value, Ibis pro- Eable that these ports and routes were but few, and from the fact of nearly all the Konkan forts Laving boen tebuill. and enlarged by Sivaji, tho traces of the Muscimfin occupation arv oven Jess than thoy othersrise would bo. Yet it is posei- le, by searching books of old history and travel, nil at ine samo time examining the fow romain ing rims, to pot soma iden of what this dis- trict viza in the days of Musalmin ascendancy, xd v0 mako out « lew of the routes by svhich ‘merchants and travellers from Pareia, Arabia. and Enrope foand thoir way to the capital citios of + Bade Idtabtri, in bis Takwofrs at Bulddn (cir. 1695) * "Died (UES) a eeagort of tho Debizs, long 85°, Bidar, Galbarg’, Bijipwr, and Golhond#. What havo collected I now yive with tolerable con fidence that, as fur as it gocs, it is correct but it is uo more than ah outhme which may por- haps holp othors to proparea, complote loca! his- tory. In his translation of Fetishiah, Briges, speak ing of the Mahumovdan invasion of tho Konkan in 1429, says: “Tt acems vory doubtfat if tho whole of the Kenkan bad ever been attacked before this poriod, and this exploit seems to ave besn suthor a marauding expodition than aconquest. ‘Che ports of Dibuland Chaul aro spoken of nba very carly period as in tho hands of the Mubemmanans:: but who.hor they occa- pied much of the interiot of the country appeara ery dountful. As Lhaveno acquaintance with the distriot in which Chaul lie,1 shall confinemy- olf to that part of the Southern Konkan betsreen Binkoband Gon—that is, tho Rutnigiri eofleot. corato end » small pari of the Siyantvidi State, und on ell aecounts it will be proper to begir ‘with tho history of Dabul, as it is siways spelt by tho Afcoilmin and early Euglish writers fhoueh it ts written in Marithi Dibbol.® ‘This enciont port is eitunted above 85 miles 1st, 45°90! Chisel (3335) or Chau, oplacos in Tong. 68 ond lat 84°, and Bidar (2°) in Jong, 109°, bab, 47°EDy Scanned with CamScannerare if Dial waseverns populous as is stated, thé own mnst hava extended threo or forte miles np thariver. Ibis yow like any other iasiguifeant Konken town, with no: tende to « sponk af, and the houses entirely lidden among oconnnt-teces, The only objects worthy of 20- “ moarlrare a fin mosqnp, with domoand minarets, J ianding aliaost at tho water's edgo claso ta tho present linding-place, n fowr tombs standing by thomsclveamenrer to the cea, and o confeat hill ‘thre oe four miles further np tho rjver, orawned Dy-amosgno which from its position bas a good deal the oppearanoo of a Rhino castle. The earliost mention Thivofound of the plneo Ss in Dow'eittory, whieh professes to bon translation of Ferishtah, but is mid to contain much that is not found inthatanthor,, Homentions Dabul as ‘ovo of fhe countries ravaged by Malik Naib King. far in 1819, along with Moheit; Raichor, Mud- al, and others whoss names I do uot identify s all axceptthe first ovidentlymeaning the distriots ‘of which fhe places mained were the chicftoimns. Asitwnssearooly trronty years! hoforathis thatthe ‘Muslnins bod mndothelr Snst great raid into tho Dakchan, it may ho eonchudiod tant this was. their first neqaninteuco with the, Sontuern Kone Tain, ud thero'cun bo no dewbt that they onter- ed it by pasting dowa tho Ghits, for-it wais ot Gi aoe generations after this that they either iook fo the nea, or ventared on the very afield jotrmay from GrjortUurongh th Nortiom Koukma, “In 195%, Hho then -andividod Kingdom of, the Deke whs maile into fone govemimcits anid Dibul is Twentiowed ps the wostoni limit af-the first goveramnenit, which ineladed..Gulbargt. i” «638, Choul'is: oleatinontiosied -ab-thia Himes bint no. pote woth, GE DIL: * Apity,lowatdy Si we _ shiogly, with: 83 Shah Bahnx indatigns dor tlieis snpipont, cétabliched | ‘5 tn 3490, and ngatui in 1436, two couderate speditions wore seit into tie Koukn, and voting: 48 said to baye been subjugated ond “wal plandored. ‘No mention is imndo of Dibul |. in connection with cither’of these, Amt of tho “focond it is recorded Mint w benutifil daughter of tho Riija of Rai (Raigads) was sent to court, where sho becmmo the quoca of Almnd Shih Well Bilimani, and was long celebrated nundor tho name of Porichoumn, or Hatry-fece, ‘Tho noxt events rocurdod of Diimt nro of » different rort. int not less calcalatod to shoye ity ttaportauce in tha 1th century. Mahovtd Rhin Gowan, whe efterwards becamo the ,cole- brated sminisfar of the Bidar kingdom, came trom Porsia ns a morebsnt and landed at Dae Walin 1447, And about 1459 Yusuf Adit Khan, tho foritder of the Bijipne dynasty, also entered Tadia at Dibul Hin romantic slory fa given in dull dotailby Forishitnh, out it $8 snfficient here to montion that hi was talon’ from Dilbal to Bidar os n slavo py 2 Georgion’ mozchant, Shortly after this, Dttbal is Grst mentioned by European traveller, us noithor Marve Polo nor Tha Batata mention any ports of the Konkan, and Marco Polo gives but a for lines to the whole of the coast of this Prastdenes, opeaking of it-under tha ome of the kingdom of hans, Bnt Nikitin, a Rossin, who shont tho-yenr ‘M470 spent Broo or four yenrs in tho south of Tndin, Inniled at Chon, and. from what ho ‘Lent there, wrote as follawai-—"* Dibal iso very oxtonsive reaport whore zoany horses nro brought froth Mysore, Habast (Arabia), Khoresein, Tar- Kestan, de. Tt takes n month to walk by lanl from this place to Beder and Rulbnegs. 16 is the Inst reapart in Hindostan belonging to tho . . Musalmtng”” ‘Threp yonrs later he mado Dit. Bal his poré’ of ombarkation, aud from here |. took ehip to Hormus, paying two pieces af gold *. | for his paseage, md ypending w month at sea, -He' then wrote ::'“ Dabul,'a port -of the. vast is. vory Jarge Corn, tho great, ‘moativig-pifco of afl nations ising an the’ cnet. of India." ~ About 1482, Bi Ao'mmak himself f Didar, and, amotigrsther Lown: long: timp “possesion Scanned with CamScanner280 THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY. [Octoven. 1873, somewhero near Kolhipar, and after this tho king and a fow of his principal nobles marched down to Dibul and enjoyed the (to them) novel amusorent of sailing alioat up and dow the coast. Within three or four yoats of thie, low- over, tho Bijipar kiogdom wns established, and the whole Konkan passed to it. In 1508 the misfortunes of DAbul boom, when it was bombarded by Almeida, tho Por- toguese Viceroy, who did not, however, suceeod in taking tho fort. Forishtah sqys that in 1519 Goa was ceded by tho king of Bijipur to the Portuguese as the condition of thofr not molesting the other towns on tho coast, and that thoy kept this treaty. The Portugueso hise torians, howover, give a very different accounts for nevording to tlumsclves they woro constant- ly maranding, and in 1522 landed and lovied a contribution at Dibal. Boforo this, in 1515, Persian. ambassador bad ombarked at Dibal on his way back from Bijipar, and this is tho last event of tho sort I have reat of ia connection with the place. ‘The Portngnesc claim to have burnt every town on the const hotwoen Srivatdhan and Gon in 1548, and again in 1569, but they arc discreetly silent abont fn event which Ferishtsh records of 1571, A Portagueso force then landed st Dbal with the intention of burning itas usual, though ano srould suppose that, as only two years had clapsed sixce the last ocension, thero ‘vould not be much worth buming. But the governor, Rhuwijja Ali Shinkei, having heard of their ine tentions, laid an ambush and put to death 150 of them. Not many years after this, whon the Portuguere had bogun to bo incoavenioncod by tho ailvances of the Dutch, thoy made peace with Rifipur, and we then hear no more of Dabult till 3 was plundered by Sivaji in 1660, Ils salnoquont ‘history hns nothing to do with the Mnsalméins, and need not theroford bo re- forrod to.- Hamilton, 2. traveller of tho beginning of tho lass cantury, mentions that tho English had once a fuclory there, bub of this I have found no confirmation. 4¢ ia not diuoult fo understand why it was that Dabal deetined in f'10 later days of tho Musuteaing, and still mom sabsquently, So long as the Musalmin capital was at Bidar Sheikh Zinsud.don in tho Tohfat ul places Win Ior7,” Keo Poiget, pli ee em Fonsitah mentions iti tho following pinces Driggn's or Gulbargi, Dibul was the nearcstport, and. thero wns no nocd to Took for another. Dut sehen indopondent kingioms were established at Bijapar ond Golkonda, st wonl@ be unteral ta Took for ports further eouth than Dabals and Rajapmy, and especially tho eplendid harbour and erodk of Gheria, would soon obtain tho pro foreneg. And in Maritht dass Ditbal was on- tirdly eelipsed by the neighbonring town and fortress of Anjanval, wad thos, between nonrand distantrivals, fabinto utter obsourity, a8 also did Chant. Grant Daft says that in 1697 Dibur was gronted in int to the Sirk family, and a greater proof of Sts decay ia that some of the present Hindwinbabitants ore said to have grants, ated in tho Insé century, of somo of tho best sites in the town, described ns wasto ground. ‘As showing tho obscurity it bas now fallen into, Imay mention that Thornton's Gazetteer of Endia does notoven contnin the name of Dibal, thoogh, asnot n single word is exid nbont tho ancient greatness or the rains of Gulbargi, this is, pexhops, nob ewrprising. On the other bond, in n raap of Indin published with Orme's Fistoricat Fragments in 1782, Dibal is markod conspicuously, whileT find several linos given to itin asmoll Oncelleer of the Bastorn Hemiephero published at Boston, U.S, ix 1808, So mach for history, and from that so pss into the region of tradition and conjectnro, Ths ‘Muhammadan inhabitants ofthe present day are 60 poor thnt there is not vory muuch to bo got from them, but they soy that there were formoziy $60 mosquea in tho town—a purely mythical number of courge—ond profess to be able to show tho sitesof nearly nhandred: nnd wherever foundations for new hoses ore dug, remains of Mohammedan baildings aro pretty sure to bo iumed up, ‘Cho following account of tho Inngo mosque on the shore, was givon by Ghul GShob Badar, one of tho chicf Mubmmmadan inhabitants, to Mr, @. Vidal, 0.8, :— “‘The mosk ot Dibbol, in tho Dépuli tAluqa of the Ratnégiri Zilla, dates from tho reign of Mabméd Adil Shib of Bijépar, and was built in A. Hej. 1070 (ap. 1659-60) by tho King’s daughter—tho princess ‘Aéyubaly BIbS of, a8 sho was commonly ‘called, tho Ma Gishoba. “The princess had conceived n wish to visit the holy shrino at Mekkah before sho came of age, 295,950, 413, 483-4, Fra voLLV-pp. 7, ‘teanelation) —vo, G11, G12-33 Fol BG, 640 879 vol I. 3-743, 5, Scanned with CamScannerOcrorsn, 1873.) DABHOL. 281 and, ler father’s consent having beon obtained for the pilgrimage, sho seb out from Bijépur with a retinue of 20,000 forse under the command of tho King’s privato vainister, Babiré KL#ksin, u native dC Mekkak. ‘Tho princess ond her party, having crossed the, Western Whéts, arrived at D&bhel, which was ab thst timo one of the principal parts. he Konkun and keld by a Subsdér of che Rijipur Governaront named Ibréhim Kb6n, who boro the title of Veale ui Biulk. ‘The princoes ine tended to havo embarked here on her yoyage to Hickkak, While hore, hooves, tho news of mony Fitacies committed on tho const reached her, and her much consideration it was deemed unsafe for horto proceed, So tho pilgrimage was given up, ‘nnd it only xomnined for the princess to deteruaina in what mannor cho should spend tho money she nd brought with her for her expedition, ‘The ‘Maulnris and Qézis, who wore eammoned to navizo hot, suggented the building of a mnajid at Déblol for tho glory of Jellm, and to this ebo couronted. The mori: was thea undertoken, and compleied i four years, ‘Tho namo of tho buildar wos Ktimel ‘atin, and the cost of the building was fifteen Inklie, Is ia carrontly reported that tho domo was richly gilded, and that thocrescant was of pura gold. ‘The gold and tho gilt havo long eines disappeared, but atch of the beantifil carving and tracery remains, ight villages—Bhopnn, Sirol, Vismpur, Bhosté, Shovoli, Mundus, Bhodoste, ond Pangéri—wero granted In indne for the miintenanee of the mase Jid. The gels wero resumed on the overthrow ofthe Biipar kingdom by Sivajl, Pho masjid still ‘beare the namo of ita founder, the M4 Cabebs, but tin ho longer aned for frorship. Nothin dono for its minfennnce or repair, and it in tone antai roldly by pigeons and bats, Tho Muenlminns of Débbol aro too poor toaffori the cost of its proservation, ‘aad thus whnt ix probabfy the only fine epocimen of Muhnmmadan architecture fn tho Konkan will ernmbi array year by yoar tillncthing: Je loft bat a henps of rainact™ ~ ‘The date a.m. 1070 corvasponile to 4.0, 1950 G0. Muiuafd Adil Shih had died in 1656, which would not of course make it imponsitle thot his daughter chowld in that yonr have visit. 64 Dibel aud built tho mosque. Boi: botrraon 1656 and 1669 Aurangeth end Sfynft werw in allianes against the yomng king of Jijkpur, and itocoms reareely poasthia that thokingdom could Tmnva nt thal tine atfirded citlter the 25 Inthe or the envnlry force for w more mentinacatal exp. dition nnd building at Dibub, Bosiden thin, # ‘Was jurt about thin thoe chat Sivaji plondereit Dibwl, and putting all this together it seoma scarcely possible that the mosyyo would aya Deon builé at thi Limo, The figures given, in the areoonl aw usa apparently quito msthied, Tt is seavecly ore dible that the mosque coufd in those day# Lava cost fifteen Jnkhs, and itis cortnin {int 20,000 cavalry would havo enton up the wholo Konkan in a-weeks : Tam uot aware whether there is a Persian inscription on themosquoor uot, I think nob, Juut ib ie said that tho sanads and other docn- monts referriur to the Mfusalmin villages on this const-are chicily among tho records of the ‘Habehi at Jinjird, so itio posite Hbnt a vearoh tore may satile thinquastion. This atail evonts certain that the morqtit eannat have baow built Tafer thon 1060, nor oarlior thon 1508, as if it hind beon befaro thet timo it would cortainly have been destroyed by tho xcalows Roma Cathotios undor Almeida, In the memes of fara small parganis in thia neighbourbood, ony om ench sido of tho orvalt, wo find farther Lenoes of the Bfusuloxin povwor. Phey are called Haveli AlmmadAbha and Haveli Tidiethtd, and] beliova dat the term Haveli ignifioa thni they belonged to a city which was the enpilel of o kingdom or government. It ia probabla that the villages forming: these par gants were attached to ‘DAbel for the mainte suneo of tho Govornment establishinonts, jaunt ta in 1756 cloven villuguy on tho Binkot ereck woro coiled to our government far the support, of Fort Victoris, No villages or towns cnlled Alnuad@bAd ov slifirabld exiat in tide mvigh- Dboarhood, that [over heard of. Tho trutitions of the mosquo already mentioned as slanding at tha top o€ a high hill fn, the neighbourhood. and Known by tho namie of IMMA Pir (from tha Ava. Vie bala, 0 Will) avo rague und rather common place, ‘Tha mosque ig a rial ono, divided into tre compartments, in ons of wvhich aro the tombs of the Phy, hia wife sud soa. Ho is atid to Invoboon named Abdnl Qtdrand tohave lived fiom 250 fo 800 years ogo. The masqna oF tomb bau n Gach ellowance from Government of Re, 25.8 0 year, and upto fiflean or twenty years tga ib poi ta récaice fem évery fiatd in tho village of Woncitn gfgaliot gtr, Photuhab- Htonle, however, appear’ xin to baw grown ton § Tho rafnureia ata i ¢ tottering conditian, the mertae having. Tomy poe cee aw, oS Monta eon ‘conseqzaana Toucan are felling onl f heir plocose ce Nore tn most rigenlin, Scanned with CamScanner282 ‘THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY. [Ocroses, 1675, intelligent to continuo euch mm net of piety, ‘Bub vows,sre still made to tha Pit by those in distress, and especially by seafaring people, the mosquebeing a vary conspiecons landmark; sui, as in most places in the South Konkun, and probably elsewhore, Hindus make vows of this sort to Musalmin Pirs without any exclusive Bigotry, Thoro is on assembly of villagers every yeor in the month of Rajab, md then only it is ssid to be eafo to poss the night near tho mosqns, mndness being the penalty of doing so at othor times. Only one miracle is remem- ered as having been worked by the Pir, and thatnotmore treaty yearsago, whena Musalmin Raving vowed a rupee and o quarter to the Pir, ‘basely paid ooly eightannas. As soon as he left +the place he fell down senseless, and onlyrecorer- ed when the custodian of the tomb laid hands on him ond uttered the Pir’s meme. Tt is rather sad to havo to announce that after fhis he paid no more than the twelve annas which he had previously deftanded the Fir of, ‘Trust close this long account with a little speculstion as to tho ronte tokext in ol times by travellers landing at Dibul, or embarking ‘theré: foram sorry to xy I.csnnot trace this with such apparent certainty es is possible in the case bf somo of the more southern coutes. ‘Tro of tha oldest quotations I have given aboro speak of Dibal in connection with Bidar, and tho Istifuds of the two places is almost identical, Ditbul being boat ao minuto south. Tho rnin river is navigable from Dabol to Chipalan, and 6 northerly branch of it to Khed. ‘Tho great prevalence of Mnsiimins in Khed end th-villages on that branch of tho river make amp think that that was the old route, partion. larly as that is nearest tho direct line to Bidar, ‘From Hhed there is ax easy rosd of only seven 0s to tho Araboli Ghit, and from the top of this GbEE 6 remarkably open tract of counizy towards Satin. ‘This, then, wwonld probably be fle old ronto to Bidar, ‘To Bijépar the ronte from the top of the Ghit would pass more to tho sonth, and probably through Ksrh8d, where there aro considerible Mustain remains. I havo not, howerer, sufficient acquaintance with tho coun. try above the Ghits to cay anything with conf? donce about these routes, nor is it necessary for my purpose to do more than indicate the ulti- ‘tuate point to which travellers would tend, Note. Accompanying Mfr. Vidal's paper was the fol- Toning docament, being a copy of a Persian paper in possession of Ghulém Céheb Badar—Ep. PR AAG alt pg atte UL of B15 ott jr Dey erst Ope? ylhle su OES Lirik hst5y uxt ole syle! wie Tove abe 23 sib sige gle Sen, ol fetal ge Feo pore ot Hs $998 9 aU iss oan ty OSty39 tsi sig Loy came wytey GAs Te ghee ie lale etl yrs le pS yy) A pores “gaptte ae 39 ent ost date soit BT RL 9 ashe Si oem? ER apy! col st Jal ade S134 jk ym SRE ee Um ee 3 889° hips eae watt ee? olny ede .ae——————_—_——— PA yee aoe 26" Astete smell gla dak O)8 Translation by E, Rehatesk, MOE. Orowds? arrived with the ShiheSdi ‘Aéyebah, the danghter of the Pédoshah Suitin Malmda, one vint to the house of God {nt Melkah} from the city of BejSpiir-—scveral courtiers, Verir-ul- molk Bultannt, Rohiré Khélsin twenty thonsand cavalry ond other troops; in the year one thou- sand seventy after the propheticemigration, ‘Tho Subab{dir) Eb-itim Kato Nowéb Verir-nl-mull, finished the edigco of the mosk, the Ka’bah of God, in fonr years, and tho expense of building the mosk amomnted to dfteen Inkks of rupecs. (© Thisia not goed epecimen of composition, contsining, ‘besides the Hindostnni expressions pandra (“fifteen”) and MA Gh, two onthogeepical errors: Oras AGT ¥F does uot ovenz in ary Gictionary, and mst therefore be co] 5 mH thes Mintabhab emit by 5 yj 9 ly aiiye a “econds? wd aio ongttto be rpelt habe “ontigzons” Tho wordy} ua ought tobe, gue “caval” CP Lait Meedste Gory and thomellng os yer Sag.s0l i barbarous, Here the word Sif, tenchor” sppens to mma’ “foxnistion,” bab i alto explained GIRS pd yet 59) Hed pAb leIT ya aF ool “apace where the whole diy tod is girea to the prople."—ER, Scanned with CamScannerGctosez, 1673.) OBRISTIAN TRAORS IN THE BHAGAVAD GITA. 283 “By tho deavsa of God, in tho oity of Bojéptir, [the moueoloum of] tha MK Osho Shbhzhat is con- tiguowe to the mark. In the city of Bejépar aud ‘Namijpiirt the exponsea of the moak, the founda- " Hon of tho ediffee, and the building, were defrayed bythe Sirkér of the Pédeshh 'Aly Adil Shéh, ‘Misa’ Bhootin, Misa’ Afsapir, Srol. Mden Dhopra, Wiiza' Fangin Kherd, Mies’ Hhu- raviti, More’ Mnndrar, Mira’ Ohitili. Sue perintondout Kémol Khén built the mosle of ‘Ma Qfheb. TRACES IN THE BHAGAVAD.GITA OF CHRISYIAN WRITINGS AND IDEAS, Fyora the Appendiz to Dr. Lorizers’e Bhagavad-Gita.” ‘To prove that in tho manifold and often sur- {ring eoincidonco of thoughts end expressions ins tho Bhagavad.Gtta, 05 well with single pos- sages in the New Testament, oa with the com: imon Christian, ideas sud principles, wo havo a0 gocidental similarities, bub that en actual Porrowing has taken place, it may not be suporflnous to exhibit in o collective form tho resulle sleady ‘von, and from them to dn some farther conclusions which give such a lhigh degree of probability to the opinion that tho doctrines of the Lhagavad-Gita ara not only ancolectic miztare of diffrent Indian phileso~ phies, bat hava also a strong infusion at least of ideas and sayings taken over from Chris- tinnity, that it may slmest lay claim to cer- Up to the present tims the moans for on acourate chrowoloxy of Indian Antiquity are enthely wanting, ond in judging of the oge ofthe literary monuments wo can only speaks of relative dates, Our tim here then mst bo fo catablish that the Blagavad.Gite may bo attributed toa period in which it ia not impos. ible that ita cormposor may hove been nequatyb- ceil with Olnistianity and ila sored writings, thot is to soy, with didtiont books of the Now oetament. And here we do uot need to depart from tho results of moiem eriticia of th age of the Bhagnvad-Gita, On tho ono baud it is oor- tein thnt it dates after Buddlin, and on the othor Thon thers in the ntrougest: reson to believe ‘thst ila composition mast be atizibuted to & period ferminnting eoyeral centuries after ths ‘cominencemont of the Christin em, Thu date afer which it could not have beon composed rhust, however, be left on open question fl we are eortaia when Ssukara, tho renowned philosopher of tho Vedinte school, lived. According to the ‘taoal by- pothesis, resting, it munt be confessed, on cwoighty reczone, which however tan make no olsim to jrrefragublo oortainty, Sonkarn lived in tho Sth¥Gontory after Christ, Henco Lassen inform that the Bhagavad-Gita mast hnvo beem compocod como fivo centaries earlier, ¢. 0. in the thind contury after Christ, If this aup- position is conrvot (and it must not be forgotten that it only professes to give the eurliset dute at which the Bhagavad.Gtta could have been composed), it io clear that the composor of the poem might have had aomo soqanintanos with the dovtrines nnd snored records of Ohrintienity. For we imow that thera were alresdy ut thet time Christion communities in India, in which from Susebins (Hist Bocles, Ub, V. cap. 10) wo learn that Panteonus, a mise cionary who hea penstrated to Indin as ensly aa tho cocond csutury, found, nnd brought to Aloxnndriy on his return, a copy of the Hebrow Gospel of Matthew, which imd spparently eon taken thera by tho apostle Bartholomew. Farther, ond this ts of peculiar importance in tho present disanssion, there aleady oxinted an Indinn tronslavion of the Now Vestumont, cof which wo have positive proof in tho writings cof St. Chrynostam, which sooma to hare been S01 now overlooked by Indian mntiguarians, ‘Tho place in questiont is Huang. Joan., Honsil. Loop. J, and mins 2a follow — “Tho Syrians, too, and Egsptisns, and Tndions, oxd Persians, and Ethiopians, and in samerabie other nations, translating into thete own tongues the doctrines derived from this man, borborisos though thoy were, learnt to yhilosophiss.” ‘Wornight bo tompted to regard tha importance ie Mataurd Gita Aggaberttist und erlduter som Di. Bi Lerinter Dersths, 4 TAM cal Sen rel Alyérriol, ral "Iebol, eel Wlsas, ect AtOrecee, kak pupia érepe By, els rip abrir psbehirge bivar i gop ceed Beer dea Biers, tpaley toSpurioe root Heatacles maa aes ee eye, Scanned with cantSéanner