Lecture 10

More Ideal Functions and SN Ratios

Operating Window

y lower y upper
Operating
Window

Spring force

n
n
2
1
y 2
lower , i
i =1 y upper ,i
SN = 10 log i =1
10 log
n n

Lecture 10. More Ideal Functions and SN Ratios 2

Operating Window n
y 2
n

2
1
lower , i
i=1 y upper ,i
SN = 10 log i=1
10 log
n n

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 R 1 2 2 1 　 　 　
　 Q 1 2 1 2 　 　 　
　 P 1 1 2 2 　 Combined
Exp. A B C D E F G 　 1 2 3 4 y S/N S/N
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ylower 20 25 32 39 29.0 -29.5 6.7
　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 yupper 55 64 72 73 66.0 36.2 　
2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 ylower 25 28 30 40 30.8 -29.9 2.7
　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 yupper 38 41 45 50 43.5 32.6 　
3 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 ylower 15 18 22 23 19.5 -25.9 12.3
　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 yupper 80 81 82 83 81.5 38.2 　
4 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 ylower 30 33 33 34 32.5 -30.2 -0.4
　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 yupper 25 33 33 38 32.3 29.9 　
5 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 ylower 30 31 30 31 30.5 -29.7 3.7
　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 yupper 45 46 47 48 46.5 33.3 　
6 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 ylower 30 34 35 36 33.8 -30.6 5.1
　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 yupper 55 61 63 67 61.5 35.7 　
7 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 ylower 26 28 29 30 28.3 -29.0 1.6
　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 yupper 25 35 43 45 37.0 30.6 　
8 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 ylower 29 35 35 38 34.3 -30.7 2.2
　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 yupper 40 43 47 49 44.8 32.9 　
Ave = 4.2

Lecture 10. More Ideal Functions and SN Ratios 3

Operating Window

27.7 69.8
y optimum = y lower, optimum × y upper, optimum
Original

Spring force

24.2 81.1
Optimal

Spring force

Lecture 10. More Ideal Functions and SN Ratios 4

Reference-Point Proportional y yo = (M Mo )
Cases y = M

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 M = 0.4 M = 0.5 M = 0.6 　 M - Mo = -0.1 M - Mo = 0 M - Mo = 0.1 　 　

L12 A B C D E F G H I J K N1 N2 N1 N2 N1 N2 yo N1 N2 N1 N2 N1 N2 S/N
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 145 148 147 151 151 154 149.25 -4.25 -1.25 -2.25 1.75 1.75 4.75 31.3 24.8
　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 145 148 148 151 151 155 　 -4.25 -1.25 -1.25 1.75 1.75 5.75 　 　
2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 156 159 159 161 160 163 160.25 -4.25 -1.25 -1.25 0.75 -0.25 2.75 22.5 23.7
　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 156 159 160 161 161 164 　 -4.25 -1.25 -0.25 0.75 0.75 3.75 　 　
3 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 163 169 166 171 171 174 169.00 -6.00 0.00 -3.00 2.00 2.00 5.00 28.8 20.7
　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 165 171 168 171 171 175 　 -4.00 2.00 -1.00 2.00 2.00 6.00 　 　
4 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 145 147 148 149 149 151 148.50 -3.5 -1.5 -0.5 0.5 0.5 2.5 18.8 24.8
　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 146 148 148 149 149 152 　 -2.5 -0.5 -0.5 0.5 0.5 3.5 　 　
5 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 158 161 162 164 163 168 163.25 -5.25 -2.25 -1.25 0.75 -0.25 4.75 31.3 23.6
　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 158 162 162 165 164 169 　 -5.25 -1.25 -1.25 1.75 0.75 5.75 　 　
6 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 156 159 159 162 162 165 160.50 -4.5 -1.5 -1.5 1.5 1.5 4.5 31.3 25.1
　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 156 160 159 162 163 166 　 -4.5 -0.5 -1.5 1.5 2.5 5.5 　 　
7 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 199 208 202 212 204 213 207.00 -8.00 1.00 -5.00 5.00 -3.00 6.00 27.5 14.9
　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 199 208 202 212 205 214 　 -8.00 1.00 -5.00 5.00 -2.00 7.00 　 　
8 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 189 199 187 195 193 200 192.75 -3.75 6.25 -5.75 2.25 0.25 7.25 22.5 11.2
　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 189 200 190 199 195 207 　 -3.75 7.25 -2.75 6.25 2.25 14.25 　 　
9 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 180 184 182 188 184 189 185.00 -5.00 -1.00 -3.00 3.00 -1.00 4.00 18.8 17.0
　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 182 185 182 188 184 189 　 -3.00 0.00 -3.00 3.00 -1.00 4.00 　 　
10 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 202 218 207 213 207 225 210.25 -8.25 7.75 -3.25 2.75 -3.25 14.75 31.3 11.5
　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 206 219 207 214 209 229 　 -4.25 8.75 -3.25 3.75 -1.25 18.75 　 　
11 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 173 178 179 189 182 192 184.25 -11.25 -6.25 -5.25 4.75 -2.25 7.75 55.0 20.7
　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 174 180 180 189 182 193 　 -10.25 -4.25 -4.25 4.75 -2.25 8.75 　 　
12 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 178 185 184 186 186 190 185.50 -7.5 -0.5 -1.5 0.5 0.5 4.5 30.0 22.1
　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 180 185 185 187 186 190 　 -5.5 -0.5 -0.5 1.5 0.5 4.5 　 　
Ave = 20.0

Lecture 10. More Ideal Functions and SN Ratios 5

Reference-Point Proportional
Cases

170

165
Initial Design
160

155

150
170
145
0.4 0.5 0.6 165

160

155
Optimum Design
150

145
0.4 0.5 0.6

Lecture 10. More Ideal Functions and SN Ratios 6

Calibration of Measuring
Devices
14

Measured pH
7

Measured pH
Linear Fit

0
0 7 14
True pH

Ideal

14 14
Measured pH

Measured pH
7 7

Measured pH Measured pH
Linear Fit Linear Fit

0 0
0 7 14 0 7 14
True pH True pH

Before After

Lecture 10. More Ideal Functions and SN Ratios 7

Double Signals

M
y = M *M y=
M*

M
M =M M * M =
M*

y= M y= M

Lecture 10. More Ideal Functions and SN Ratios 8

 y = aM b
Nonlinear Cases 1 1

y = y , M = M,
b
=a b

y = M

Ideal Tra
ansformation formu
ula
function y M
1 1
y = aM b y =y b M =M =a b

M 1 1
y= y = b M = =a
a + bM y M
b 1
y =a+ y =y a M = =b
M M

y = ae bM y = ln y ln a M =M =b

1
y =1 e bM
y = ln M =M =b
1 y
Lecture 10. More Ideal Functions and SN Ratios 9
Free Function

Lecture 10. More Ideal Functions and SN Ratios 10

Computer-Aided Design
IC Packaging Process

Lecture 10. More Ideal Functions and SN Ratios 11

Computer-Aided Design
IC Packaging Process
Factor Description Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
A Dummy cavity Yes* No 　
B Leadframe design Front deflector No deflector* Back deflector
C Chip thickness 11.5 mil 12.5 mil* 13.5 mil
D Leadframe down-set Original* 50 µm 100 µm
E Filling time 9.2 s 10.2 s* 11.2 s
F EMC temperature at inlet 75 80 * 85
G Mold temperature 170 175 * 180
H EMC Nitto Denko Hitachi Shinetsu Chemical
　 　 MP-190M 9200-XU* KMC-188-1

Noise factor Description Level 1 Level 2

c Variation of chip thickness -4% 4%
d Variation of leadframe down-set -5% 5%
e Variation of filling time -4% 4%
f Variation of EMC temperature at inlet -3% 3%
g Variation of mold temperature -3% 3%
h Variation of EMC density -5% 5%
Lecture 10. More Ideal Functions and SN Ratios 12
Computer-Aided Design
IC Packaging Process Noise factor Description Level 1 Level 2
c Variation of chip thickness -4% 4%
d Variation of leadframe down-set -5% 5%
e Variation of filling time -4% 4%
f Variation of EMC temperature at inlet -3% 3%
g Variation of mold temperature -3% 3%
h Variation of EMC density -5% 5%

21.8
21.6
21.4
21.2
21.0
20.8
20.6
20.4
h1 h2 c1 c2 d1 d2 e1 e2 f1 f2 g1 g2

N1（傾向有利於模流平衡）= 晶片厚度減少4%，Down-set減少5%
N2（傾向不利於模流平衡）= 晶片厚度增加4%，Down-set增加5%
Lecture 10. More Ideal Functions and SN Ratios 13
Computer-Aided Design
IC Packaging Process
　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 N1 N2 　
L18 A B C D E F G H 1/3 2/3 9/10 1/3 2/3 9/10 S/N
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 15.33 18.96 20.50 16.25 19.05 20.57 -75.8
2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 13.79 21.97 19.48 14.00 19.19 18.56 -74.7
3 1 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 15.15 24.22 23.05 14.58 23.95 24.68 -78.6
4 1 2 1 1 2 2 3 3 16.66 19.37 20.88 17.50 21.20 22.24 -77.5
5 1 2 2 2 3 3 1 1 13.91 19.39 20.27 15.65 18.06 20.21 -75.0
6 1 2 3 3 1 1 2 2 12.06 28.15 24.68 13.61 23.73 22.94 -78.0
7 1 3 1 2 1 3 2 3 15.69 18.92 7.34 16.93 18.02 7.13 -66.8
8 1 3 2 3 2 1 3 1 12.91 22.78 7.41 14.31 19.28 7.02 -66.3
9 1 3 3 1 3 2 1 2 14.56 19.64 7.31 15.51 19.23 7.07 -66.5
10 2 1 1 3 3 2 2 1 14.97 22.98 20.12 14.52 20.66 19.71 -76.1
11 2 1 2 1 1 3 3 2 14.61 19.75 19.57 14.74 19.93 19.66 -75.1
12 2 1 3 2 2 1 1 3 14.31 23.14 21.45 15.13 20.77 20.59 -76.7
13 2 2 1 2 3 1 3 2 13.93 20.30 20.72 15.58 19.10 20.61 -75.6
14 2 2 2 3 1 2 1 3 13.79 24.45 20.68 15.04 21.61 20.63 -76.7
15 2 2 3 1 2 3 2 1 16.30 19.75 21.06 17.34 19.37 21.36 -76.9
16 2 3 1 3 2 3 1 2 13.70 23.25 7.95 13.82 21.00 7.52 -67.5
17 2 3 2 1 3 1 2 3 16.84 19.73 8.31 18.11 20.14 8.20 -69.2
18 2 3 3 2 1 2 3 1 13.70 21.33 8.31 15.78 19.80 8.20 -68.0
Ave = -73.4
Lecture 10. More Ideal Functions and SN Ratios 14
Computer-Aided Design
Differential Op-Amp Circuit

Lecture 10. More Ideal Functions and SN Ratios 15

Reliability Improvement of Router Bits

Using very limited data, it derives useful conclusions.

Modification of linear graphs and OAs
Interactions
Survival Probability Analysis

1.0

0.8
0.6 A1
0.4 A2

0.2
0.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Lecture 10. More Ideal Functions and SN Ratios 16