Q. Dear Dr. Galv: How is acid rain measured and what do we know about the corrosion protection of galvanizing in “acid rain conditions”? A. Our highly industrialized society and fast- paced lifestyle have resulted in greater uantities of hydrogen atoms being istributed ‘by wind currents or absorption and later release by rain clouds. Chemical pollutants combine with atmospheric moisture to create acid rain. Due to heavy industrialization, major cities often have the highest levels of acid rain. Carbon monoxides, from the exhausts of automobiles and chemicals from industry are the main contributors of the raw materials that create acid:rain, but other sources include fertilizers and pesticides. The map below, compiled by the National Center for Atmospheric Studies, indicates acid rains falling on the United States vary in pH content. The lower a-pH (which means “part of hydrogen”) number, the more acidic the solutions being described. A pH number identifies degree, not amount, of a solution's acidity or alkalinity. THE pH of LIQUIDS The neutral point on the pH scales is 7.0. ‘Think of the above picture as a weighing scale which tips to the left (where numbers are ASK DR. GALV lower) for acid content and to the right (higher numbers) for alkaline content. Rain water can vary from a pH of 3.0 to a pH of 8.5, depending on meteorological conditions and the geographical location where it falls. The question of how the galvanized coating protects in acid rain conditions has no definite answers. However, if the question is asked by a prospective customer, helping them to tnklerstand the problem fay be beneficial Studies conclude that factors such as ait. direction, velocity, surface wetness and duration of its wetness, combined with average temperature, can be used to estimate where the effects of acid rain is likely to be more severe. These factors also provide clues to dealing with the problem, z Q. Dear Dr. Galv: How can I make sure certain areas are not coated with-zinc when I galvanize a steel fabrication such as threaded bolts, surfaces which must be welded after fabrication or drilled holes? A. Gauze tape can be used to protect cylindrical components, including threaded bolts and pins, but is not suitable for flat surfaces. The tape should be cloth based and must be tightly wrapped around the relevant area. Plastic insulation tape is not suitable ‘The temperature in the galvanizing bath will cause the gauze to burn but the carbon residue remaining will be sufficient to keep the zinc from metallurgically combining with the steel. After galvanizing, remove the carbon residue with a wire brush. Flat areas can be protected through the use of high temperature paints, such as those used to protect automobile exhaust systems. It is also possible to use special pastes, which are particularly effective at protecting bore holes or internal threads. ‘These paints and paste products are sold by automotive suppliers ‘The paste is intended for sealing small holes in the exhaust systems of cars. When moistened with a little water, these pastes can also be pressed into holes and openings to prevent ingress of zinc. However, it is extremely important to take care not to trap air inside and obviously, it will be necessary to remove the residue after galvanizing. Augssr /Sepkembyr IG Vol al