giosignal Characteristics and Electrode Configurations no

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2.2 BIOSIGNAL FREQUENCY AND AMPLITUDE RANGE

The potential differences between various portions of the body. Such potential
differences can be picked up by placing electrodes at any two points on the surface
of
the body and measure with the help ofa sensitive instrument. These potentials are
highly
significant for diagnosis and theraphy. The primary characteristics of typical
bioelectric
signals frequence range and amplitude is given below the table.

Table 2.1 Bioelectric signals characteristics

Frequency a
S.No) Parameter range Amplitude Electrode
1, |Electrocardio-| ¢ 95 t |0.1—5 mV typical Surface Heart
graphy [ECG] 120 Hz signal = 1 mV electrode
2, |Electroencepha-} 9 1 to .
lography [EEG] 50 Hz signal=50 pV _ |1.e., surface and ocaing
needle electrode} _ activity
3, | Electromyogra- 2 to 0.05 to5 mV Needle Skin
phy [EMG] 2000 Hz electrode muscles
4. |Electroretinogra-| DCto | 0.5uVtol mV ty- Contact Retina of
phy [ERG] 20Hz |picalsignal=0.5mV| electrode the eye
5

0.05 —0.2} 0.5 to 2000 pV

2.3 ELECTRO CARDIO GRAPHY [ECG]

Flectrocardiography is an instrument which records the electrical activity of the

heart. The potentials originated in the individual fibers of heart muscle are added
to produce
Peristaltic
movements

Electrogastro- Surface

gram [EGG]

electrode

the ECG wave form. :

Electro cardiogram is the recorded ECG wave pattern. ECG sometimes called
EKG. The electrocardiogram reflects the rhythmic electrical depolarization and
tepolarization of heat muscle associated with the contractions of the atria and
ventricles.

The shape, time interval and amplitude of the ECG give the details of the state of
the heart. Any form of arrhythmia can be easily diagnosed using electrocardiogram.
But
the valvular defects can be identified by phonocardiography.