ob a“ b \ (SUPA 2255 151) . Piste cot 2 «ay eben 2a) dead a ~ dojo ok Wpiced CG Gals, bY Gate) TU Tse Conventional mechanical wastewater treatment is a combination of + 74 £ ‘and (biological processes designed to remove organic matter & — Physical solids fr i . otgenic _ nie olids from solution salior oe nace By y Biolegical Ce The earliest method was sedimentation in septic tanks y+ & ——~pi ye <4 da) rae} A breakthrough in secondary treatment was slow movement of Wastewater through a gravel bed resulting in rapid reduction of orga matter and BOD cS Hs Gt Grewel ARED IPS BY) ob) ap G BOD 90) Vybaya\oly Me, OA go Bw A second advancement was observing that biological solids, a ~ in polluted water, flocculated organic colloids 1 See at 3 Teg 2, su & a2) 174) Vee! : for ; eee toy Zgtvosl or reuse Caleidal ices Dey DA oe “lg—X) Mechanical L @ — Primary (mechanical) treatment, primary sedimentation ®~ Secondary (Biological treatment) Biclegicad — Final sedimentation, and disinfection prior to discharge) o-,enhuhion 6 disinfectian. — Digestion of primary and thickened secondary solids — Mechanical dewatering and land disposal Hes, Le 4. ceo © ' Rye) jour ee seh At ® Loud Ute ‘ aij VA pees Uae Anaeteloic Csi Eo se » Bi gas (Methane )- Wl aby oe pteds eee Fi f ru" o UsActiated Aeration ifs a9) (sludge) 31 bse Sludge. . Ye sl an , : Lea a Mice 535 b VS GI ole MP dz * deqadahen ~ oy advanced Mechanical Biolog) cal, treabmad plot nt =a waste — Co Source. — a oa re eee Weil Dede The overall treatment process cun be viewed as the conversion of soluble SB TUM Be matter 10. an organic solid and solids thickening Pollutants removed from solution are concentrated in a small volume convenient for ultimate disposal NOTE: Completely mixed aeration without primary sedimentation is popular Sor treatment of small wastewater flows Z Pre Tees ws | ae XO See a a? si pok* ae > — wt Saw! 2 [4 | Potumn activated Pudge » ,¥ om ott ie 18 Digg hr awe sods XY (a) sisposal Ne, “o% Faw Priman ‘Secondan Treated ok wasivater stilton ponds sabtnatonpunds Wastenaer ) : ' oO ey hf CO) OTE: Hundreds of villages and commercial establishments in rural areas use stabilization ponds for Wastewater a mde La 4 Shed awrah (7A Dy bse a OF a : f{ \; “Lnfsludge | OM f _-5 20-907,. water Nia So we need dewatering » * wah eth —1 eps cee avon * aReCoNSeratonsiepMIMEIN — 56,5,.7 th ‘Desired effluent quality is specified for the design engineer by a government pollution control authority eS [NN Bipftuens standards ate specific for each receiving water and are established for 22)" each treatment plant......Based on the location of discharge 44 The aL WO Bes Effluent Quali (-—--- eB Aine BN Soa si/) BOD) forge Me Ahead et = Sey Us Ce new) ° ee of a wastewater effluent is required where necessary to protect public health © Acommon quality standard for! is a geometric mean, < aren F Cally WE §3y) Processes for sludge stabilization and dewatering are based on the ew wastewater treatment system and method of sludge disposal or reuse wa x Apull (eso ohhh A WNL si eae § 4) Design Loading VEN I ELK ® Soa o Wastewater quantity for sizing basins and ale varies, lye o wl with the nature of the equipment... Lyoloy sole © Flowand load a are typically expressed in: Vs) ys oe Cay Peak hour}and/maximum day) ue 1 a eres faximum mum average montly and @nnual average ouely slates © Flow value is important when sizing pumps, pipes, and hydraulically limited equipment a) © Loading value is important in sizing aeration and digestion equipment to meet peak demands oe Organic content of a municipal wastewater is defined by the he ; concentrations of BOD and suspended solids 7 © Other parameters to consider in design loadings: — Ammonia nitrogen: irregular flow; high strength Presence of toxins in eeuetel wastewaters ewe G omM “ZN (won) (55) ° olea (SUSY Design parameters: Standards for design of treatment units are 4, \ &XPressed by a variety of terms—found in published standards Sudo o Hydraulic criteria are ¢ ‘xpressed in terms of rates and detention oe. times 6 @ 5 = che © Sedimentation basins are sized on weir loading rate, overflow ¢ is the effluent OW OVERIHE divided by the and is expressed in gallons per day per linear foot of is the effluent flow divided by surface area y of the tank expressed in (gallon/day.f) (hrs) are in pounds of suspended or volatile solids and pounds of 5-day BOD per unit volume so © Loading on an aeration basin is commonly expressed as 6 bounds of BOD applied of tank volume 995" 5 Digester loading is expressed in pounds of volatile suspended Solids per 1000 gallons per day———= = oF vss /1000 9-39 oe S sa) a pretet 08GrweA Judge 2 SEE d Sedge aX W bey a ++ Wastewater Treatments) een oi + Primary (mechanical) Jr cal (commen) _ fe Remnave N+P ¢ Secondary (biological) . imme Metoaae Mechanica seeaasegBieleoheed i Le ay) _ / $ oe ea - me > Primary (Mechanical) Treatment: oul, pere*® weD LOO OS Flow + Flow measurement, sercening, pumping, and grit removal are normally the | “5/11 2 first steps in processing €municipa ayy yS,P . (Florine solutionjor{ferric chloride|may be added to raw wastewater for odor pee’ conttol and to improve settling characteristics of the solids aoe ‘The arrangement of preliminary units varies (Two possible arrangements are a2 shown in the next figure) pve Parshall flume}with an automatic flow recorder and totalizer is = e typically located first and a head of screens and prior to the GE introduction of in-plant recycle flows UA plots Te Screens protect pumps and prevent large solids from fouling “~ ° # Ce Sell 2) snes FSGS Slur Hl D . subsequent units S quent un pag =* y\ 7+ Pumping station + BBD) SM) syevL Subi OS, oF Ser + Grit removal (reduces abrasive wear on mechanical equipment and oy prevent accumulation of sand in tanks and piping) should be taken out ahead of the lift pumps (J) AP) ZV ats GLLLL Oball stb | de jl aw ' sy abl} coMudso7 Ke & ch Leelee Municipal washe wakey © fle Measurment ®@ stteenins © Purging @ grit removal ®U farshad) Pune ——> for lew Measurmeak Zols> Necuncaly stpumge) tet icaly well pump grt tanks Parshatl cleaned" siaton fume bat Raw —>| wastewater Aerated Removable cleaned \wel pun grit tanks stop plates, To primary pan treatment wastewater Normal fowin in-plant 4?) channel wth grinder recycle tow A depose alone all treatment plants are required to monitor influent “Ml ibs ys wastewater flow. The best system is Parshall flume that ie equipped with an Aol gs 26 automatic flow recorder and totalizer . Uijosisi TWCRRvantegeorRtimeaeD Los , a © Low head loss : sae <—[8)_Smooth hydraulic flow to prevent deposition of solids ae erin the discharge pipe may be placed on the discharge — > gtys Kenove Losge to remove large objects and protect the entire plant (7 abjecks Screens with opening are common eee . rstect entire Sereens with openings} 326% are common in Europe : 5 ice 5 Plast. Screens with openings of {SSI are required to remove non- biodegradable materials and hair in case of sludge recycling * A shredder or grinder may be used in small plants to cut solids in the wastewater passing through the device to about The volume of screenings removal from wastewater varies with the Quantity of materials in influent wastewater and exponentially with decreased screen size (see figure below). Gs BS Screening KAA aL > - os — oh a We © gtd PW! + Seteen (Ai go) aro ©SCIEN NAS Ol Lys # VES Aap Serena quae (outings) 20 pump! ape ShdgeN Sel is 10 1. someon SD, ° %ds US (3) Pampiag| Station? After flow measurement and screening , raw wastewater Ves flow into the remaining parts of treatment plants using different kinds of ek ae 1g Pe P 1s We pote pumps located at separate room. wp Ek (Bore s efficiency — uy 2.5% Grit chambers are designed to remove particles that are(lar@erthany oF > (@aiififand a (such as fine sand, seeds and coffee a rounds) which can be settled when velocity is reduced VE cas “Held for few minutes (litle Bove Y) Fone yk 5 is chosen to be long enough to allow sand, grit and wey y other heavy materials to settle out but it too short to allow lighter organic wt matter to settle. SE SB lay BIO Sp dy) oI oe © The quantity of grit varies depending on local sewer condition, age, and yn i ©soil carried with infiltration ..... oo gr a © The first flush grit loading can be estimated as ~ Olipsiuteaw Sah g Le 622 Le «es 620 BP) bs? Sonrse Lo XO + conversion Fac tor Grit: quantity of grit (Ib/day) wastewater flow rate ( mgd) ‘PDWWO: peak day wet weather flow (mgd) ADO: Average daily flow (mgd) pe oo wsgl in /fe YS cane, 7 Mee car (etic) ST Leeyytes C8 US ow ae MoH / Dees tank oT Us. + Receive raw wastewater prior to biological treatment * Different shapes (rectangular and/or circular) basins Wed yep . Var) We ae IBY Une Sel Wall effect | =, * The flow speed is reduced sufficiently to allow most of the suspended oe i 4 oe Bem soa X: Solids to settle out by ay , pls Vator, 55 A) pew! oe Sseus oo! typical ’ € 50% -6 pended solids andi25-40°% BOD) ———s weighted <— Solids that settle in th stage called primary sludge or raw sludge Ae > * Sizing primary settling tank is based on several parameters (typically = AWAU = hh * Weir loading is the hydraulic flow over an effluent weir (» WPA JHC sludge pumps are used to draw sludge from the bottom of the settling aoe alg S22 8% tanks to sludge treatment unit 1 age ’evus! * Design criteria for primary clarifiers are listed in table 11-2 (page 377) shu * A town of 30000 sends (0.5 m’/ person.day) to the wastewater : ye Y RDN onde treatment plant. A circular primary clarifier is to be designed to have an average _ detention time of 2.5 hrs and an average overflow rate of (20 m'/day.m’). What 2% should the dimension of clarifier be??? A Le weak Ae grlole LEK, odds, Solu @ golds! + Numbey of Persons = 20sce2 person * Plow = 0.5 m!? Person dey) Q= 6, 900 40:5 = 15-000 mB/day @es HB bSe Ve Ok «GEM Baynes oh Vol = 1562.5 m3] — A= o* 2 Daim 4 Vol = Arh =>\h =2-1SWDS side wat er depth. he aFfF @ p=asft primary settling tanks are 95 ft in diameter with a9 ft side water depth (SWD). Single effluent weirs are located on the peripheries of the tanks, For an average design flow of 10.0 med and peak flow of 15.4 mgd, calculate the overflow rate, detention time, and weir loading? peas $t Gi)! (C/O i Aoadi whe ath 2 + @=!10 3 b j>e lon = 0.13368 Ft * Qheak = 15.4 mgs: Lge n=O _Soluckion eQ Bau qh Yale Area x depth = M6125 #4 Vi Mel 1245 23°25 gallon 9 Lf oere¥ = 12952325 FH x allen - or 376k (Lore ®@ U = @ = 104i! o/s» 2 75 ard “S \4i6a.2s ft fee peak = Preak = 1036 282 A fef Detention Mime (7 ooleli Kh } @-> t,, M _ 2953 10 =0,09S dey i Poe lente! 1 ey 9 20° hows ¢ —> treat = = 2957 +1% gem _ 9 9635 day [oo Preak 15 410% gehlon hy ventoiies <1 ou oo2all ; : 6 —pweir Leading = Gay = 10% (0 gallon (day e ») 2* TD ) bane of - — weir leadivg (fg ) = 16261.65 gallen/day Cgpd) ft 6 ——> weil oading peak = Qreale = (5 #10 ged @ tC tep —— weir Loading peak = 25)42.4Z gpd /th | “ ee |