debe -Adion ee ate glen ogi ¢ lip I ed lah LUT shade Linke WW ge gh dll yg ST & dai Weal oe ce tase esl + ails An, ly bb ok OG 4) foul gl 32S WM Gy bh Yercle le the de Uo YS Leys ae Yoo CE pe ated 6 eal Lay Gpacill WPS us ogtl ore gli) Jel Oe oytl oe gil) SB po Gunly Ghd cod OC ih ae ee oe 5 S Wat, thie olay 6 ayl oh Gm GN diel, WEB pay de Gl oy ON cpl Usd Na oe J Gh ot ge, Vy Se Ho oul Lthy ob ed td ott SN eee LF (Mesopotamia) cy pel Ol oll — to yam Ug Apply Gal GLa ge KG apt yt wks kel JI ULYG + Ketlly Lad Ot be GP Ses ADU! gy cba glalt Liesl Gilg eo Halley Garey Ele + Aled Rilo Red uly Saad! 0S Wad Glade OG ob eeU! Jes (te ake BF SEL Y ty oi NY 55 BO Labs UE Be Os2 died! Joh Slagle Ow dle cme, Ld Lob yb, Ot reg Ud Bape, de Gis bb SH, coll o dealy Ba £YO — tAs)Herodotis ai yo.40 say prbodl ca ghd DaVige Gale em (oped (4) Herodotus, 1: 478. - WeSb Shy Bgl real ame hb tk G gael + oye ey ne Hoe Yee ee ot ie ha Oped Mead gee oe Use! 2h gt SG Ledkie Helly Ae ye Salall an ReoytW Jy Sy dheod got oycle dh tae Sabb Ue GST ae BORD oly Cal eel plat ge ahs GON ade Ty A yd ih ok oS yaad pall 65 SN cry Aad tye ge OS Wily + a oles! Gare 2957 ak, gh Yad deh tiles be bh ore Haj GB dopey iS lly all sett Ob GUS OF oe Ob oflealy + Sakis GLYN Je deel oy pel ww oysT oh Vie Godt WIS oat bet ole Ob ye Gb Rs i Je Well 1 hase ci abe cpelentll gos Ups WIS LF pani oasy Marla OS gill ciyldy + ial ‘ Ke epee by ll gall Jal ey VU Ube Hg Beedle Weer & peat ly al dae op Ge pam Mas5 lee ole IS ow, o 58 par Ey Lt outs g aryl We Sg ees ke Obey Me lig OO) gw woe orghal ae MUL US gi cry Cae beg ole Kall OG the fe Ge OF gil GOA) wi wills ae re IN Gp Vy dh yt det ly gpl ASM gb ie at ia J. J. Finkelstein, 81) + gait jh ot! ‘Mesopotamia, (JNES, (1962). pp. 53 ff. (Arrian) (Birit) (Nari) dod ee ee ae api om ge EL DUN Je Lge gb ace War gall VI BAN gp taken gh Gp V tay « abet ih oh Me ge OF OB igre baad oye) ot Yo Aad ULL 6 peoee sea ols oye Ohm Med awe Gi YW deg ght Ga ZK Site Gg Ves UE Vy adh on bok or Lage pul ts oy che gh de ayeT kG Lely obi gll ooh Ld by kell Se ale hl ST sae gw ee All Bad Bb gh dh oh OB Gene si do Clg IAT ye We oll ld aleit oy HOS I Mee saul or o® esd dh (2) Tid, 4498. we bh oe a Ol Ge Bp Lal ats gost ‘Arrian, Anabasis of Alezander and 1929), VIII: 24. (3 )ibid, RH De eo GI ests Sky Jedk see ol all ob JU ot gt ot al Indica, transl, E. Iliff Robson, (New York, (4) Sami Said Ahmed, Southern Mesopotamia in the Time of Ashurbanipal, (Paris, The Hague, 1988), p. 85, ft. 03.Ave Ana 4 OS Physkos) St a aia ye as ast 2) 4) gic oath sdbodeg Wl Jagd, ob I gill ohh Se pe es deel & ob We ky Ls, abal Jowr b pelisl te sey surgal Me A Je pr oye Opt) SL ee AT esd He Ob we Gilet abe LG bey deo a ope bY + Pd ee te OLA ya dh ke Uo» CAF gl he ae gt HA ols OS bars on Wl es ok Wee xe ly OA i 93 Ga ak al Gey ble gle ie oo on then (ost be weld cal ge pl ay MOY oy dL WY oy» 2) Gal ee dtd dake da} hal Agee OG Ml Be gall Gall Pl oe ge Get opal, et S28) oe oly AW ay pl We ae oe oy, AES oA UN OG OF de pe Ge av pt dh tte sis Gal pal d Wolly, gab ie . He Bgl sot im Solel J! 298 A Ob Lal Qe yoe Woy #9 (dks) ah vi ile chee pl Pre he ob Lead dys el Gg Zl OS eke Ng te Mele) Lae gl (5) Herodotus, 1:198, (6) Ibid., 4: 480, (7) D.D. Luckenbill, Ancient Records of Assyria and Babylonia, (Chicago, 1926-27), APY! sane Alen 39S) Op ge de spe gill jul ad Stee) sh ol dW Gis a UCR kd I lie Sh gs yell Wa plogl Goa bas whe gaze gl GH SJ AIS OS Car ap HS ON ANS OS Bhs ey Vane ell Ld OG gléel tay ob pl ale be bd by ent ple Y = fe GA niyo toles + ell deol Ram gale SIS eV ad» ee oF EH Se i eit bb we oS ce gly (Arakhtu) IY Ge yey old + lage Jy LS NY od Hh el eM dl et gy! Go Gy Lad opin Ve Lae gel qlee 6 hyp ee ell Be be Lal on Si OSM jeg ol lly des cae) BH ot Se V1 aay + (Opis) ops! Hae Ny Seal Ae Ga cst ae Ok Gye dhe 4) (Gyndes) (a8 4s oe lee age pel A Hh saleall ate hhh gl bog el ei) oh le Giles (Tumat) O96 My 6 © (Tomadotus) y's: oad! Ob hdl Gaal ye al + De, pial jh ner xe OS ay ay SL ces! Ets 93 bee Opis Ol os Vol. 1:258; Natural History, ii:30, at. (8) R.D. Barnett, Xenophon and the Wall of Media, The Journal of Hellenic Studies, Vol. LXXXIM (1963), p. 13.gestern bg gty Ob gd EW ee Lb ee Wak Sop, hb daa Be IS) het « ce ke des Suelo che WS dgey Lite Oylaly Whee cilille WY) ode be bot Uy pty ep tbls hey ae fe Gall 6 O Maly ohh as 6 Gat Gay Sled Ss oe tng 6 Oe aly lose SB LU Sa fe Wad Ol eh Ss cue! gil ole! War S3 SMW Slap NS JJ add hb Gay dilaoe Qbilly Aa GAY ob edly au cepa Bow Ape b Ss eld oll ot raged ore wee OM eur Sl ade Ley bat a : 2 2 esl a oi bb oy Oo oF aided cad) Gged Gye A share Wes dB ApY oS Se JI ae ae be apa WS di gly er iy do gee ee el ay ae Os JE Shy, Sapell AW Ge ME tape, yey cli OU Ales oF 2 gpd Apes pall Gal Lae os OY Real ow dew oll Gly! de eee Uy NUN ui oily gb, Watad OV gl 0 ae NY edt, ot (9) Robert M. Adams, Land Behind Baghdad, (Chicago, 1985). p. 60. (10) Herodotus, £:179. (1) Ibid, 1478, (12) Ibid obs 3 tall Ww aby + (W052 SE OI Oy age oe sl pY RA pW Galt Qa Ue ee oh, je dhe he UY ob pal 2 S3y Merl pe eg Le Deal ow gb ee He Ob te 20 Gd x4) (Malian Mountains} wu 4) Jedd Ut (Dardanians) os! db dal Jo & at Lp ela) Ghd ie § pt of ) Seadl oes A polee Sig b) Adie!) 39 ct a gs = UD) Be i oS Gly ol Al wi ge Ue Voie 8a 20t oy Be nes OH OS 6 Golcel ope Ot de! eis vg pet ae fe Mh dy ce we OU OF Ae le ee AE A et aS ce ty all ow ed SL sete dinecerNs 13) Ibid. 15178, 18L U4) W.WW. How and J. Wells, 4 Com- xy on Herodotus. Wamdon, 1928). 0w aaa ces les yySutl # La) yds Glee lhe Bay SV ; gis ¢ et BY Epa the & oy el oF sb oA uty Be The Minor] (Salrap) Obj — di BV a > ae Gia) LT bli £0) Ge le (Artaxerxes) on S05 PON OS hy) Wy nde LY oped ph vredls & dis gall) BVO CE el G28 JB bay + (1 me oS LSPS Cavigh ble ol Lebel al S CbrsY Oye5 fo LEY C2 (Cunuxa) 0x5 ST aby Stal iy! ola bh Ba pll wile § Lait J SL So Oak sau GAlly ( Anabasis 24a! ) _ Abpea MeV y wiaglee at geo e DE Aas el ged he okally CUO) 20 (sail Oe BBL + lye Roe stl oh ge Us NAN Oyj age at ‘Thapsacus) SL Armenia shee OF Bly YeV ol A Bs oe ly = Ops pS ) Ga ee Geos gt OO nS S Wg tel gh ((Nikephorion) fAraxes OY) 8 UL) og ete, Lyles ¢ Os (Haboras) Pol al oye ee silly gal call OB et WUE Ob oe Oy chal Co UB gee Mel gt HE oe ote whe S5 + 00h ow Le gel vost! se JB oct ym dav beg Sly BO Goss db ent) oe HO Va + Adal Jeb spells bh ok Lae Ue calte ope Sh ful Gp (Sippar) she JL) DAT Yeaally Wat Bs Leb Worsippay Leaps aw cmd ob A opt Me LU ae Se a BS hw ei ally a gt SY + eel Gs 1 y dsl ys oh gh) Qosel UW LN Ge ow Wiggs cell Lath bape Aa Sle 6 (oy SW nll AB ad gal LS salt Sag bly Ihe Lah OSs gS eo St od AN UU Lo ol ply Uo os a + sell Bel ee oF cell Ja Sol Del poe olla La cog 8 ABH oy Seo ee’ Ol bs Ue (Xenophon) (525 «53 (15) Herodotus, VIT:63. (16) W.J. Ferrel, The Journal of Hellenic Studies, LXNXI, (1961) pp. 458.5. Xenophon, Anabasis and Memor- ablia, transl. Rey. J.8. Watson, with Geo- graphical commentary by W.F. (New York, 1869), 1, 4, 49. (18) William Smith, Ed. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, (Boston, 1854) vol. 4, p. 188. insworth,Sag Ny Jy Isidore of Charaxy 25%! 4 SH, lly AE ea) OLA ek ped BOA Pu WE ore re ec JAN Li! 3 gle re NAT WES ce US cy Al i Gd 5S A aS Ute gall Wall Gb Sap Os UA a!) ately oe Lt LS pl ge apts JI aghouzs 52 pl ce ae MT oe ep ew oe gly + gated pall Ge ell LEG oper >) (Ed-Diniyye) Gall 5 (Kharidu y4 5 31 ( Khrrade OCR (Khare gis) dab Ue apd ook grad ws cals bee es LA a og Gl Hl Ge Ope oy de Jey by pte Oe de ge de Bly ST gi ( gel) Bo ge LG tht sg pg thl Thy tt, dow db Gig ches Gtlidls Bes capes SW An Je ts (Pylae) el Spd! ol gaall adely + ( The Gates (Median Wall) gat biedi Vi ge ode Ob Up dye Op f7 Gl we Ales ged nae Gx dl ole ad! (19) Barnett, op. cit. p. 3. Ibid, pp. 1-3, note 3; Layard, veh and Babylon (London, 1853), pp. Colonel Leake, Journal Royal Geog. Society, Vol. IX, p. 9. ALS 3 ts! al ANA dead Se ae ola wi dg He gil Ladd pam gt ils irk wp JI (Cercesium) ¢ Gd) ae ge they oa as Le hob ol pe ELI we Ok Sy Dawrin) (x22 gob OW My all Lal (At) gall ay OW eae oly vs : da pee ae OP Asi. Arasii (Parasang) giles Ug) J) Bead J opty (escall tet) ) ARUN yl ee bee silly sate od poe be ST Sag fe ae, ge te shall (oY GIT 138 oat WNL 6 J ta bye LIL OS 3 orldia Jue AB poll Lee bey oo cil Otol doe gh dab iy 6 ad dye) ya ally UM dil 3} dul gba! HU, The dale gh PC LLU 1 al OS Sh, RU Wi oe pe bly Maseus) ego el sie ples deel y ope Ade, deo Ag ae Ue gall OS rg OY WLorsole) Fes gs Nal yg ables) aol cel de wee be OTL ate bly Em 1! PSY 9 Sapa Seal lo dle pe OLA i Je (Mari) gal Gas St (24) Anabasis, op. cit, 4,5, 4. ) Barnett, op. cit. pp. 35 and fins ) Anabasis, op. eit. 1.5. 4 ) WH. Lane. Babylonian Problems p. 90. fLondon, 1923)va Bor sees gabon sgiF ll ie ve ; et Sag dyin Sly 6 Tau JN GUL Sa yetlly Lelgy Lage oil e Oly AY Gilly Loe) seecd 550 By aes Ble) (Amal) tle dane ge ogg is) Oy Wile oF ae gly lal wi Je (Wed! stal 08 ope Ol ony Let pail g BWR bey Beg ot eye Sl A yy duh ok dl Gab oe tte SiS (gall Wel) Lay of op WU dat oly eel Ops pt dal Bags Vota g wary des S sea els et ee Sy BU at WA Gly ba pe Ye Lash OSG ws Opens dios Gal bee S359 BN pi NAN pe nt Wi) Lael oy pall oy il dala Bet Orr Sle ch gall spall re a th Ge ce St J 228 et) Uh eae SN O95 hog tm Pre te po Be orlain Ey bad Oy pte Og 6 EPC SW lly yl oy en cot AS yo Ve bas oy ot al “Researches in the Vicinity of the Median Wall, Selections from the Records of the Bombay Government, XLIIT. (1850), p. 263. (26) E. Herzfeld, Ausgrabungen Von Samarra, VI (1948). (27) A. Musil, The Middle Euphrates, (New York, 1927), Appendix II, pp. 218-244; Barnett, op. cit. p. 6 Felix Jones) 7 => SM tI Lh ihe ce oN gl My Get, og at & rey ae Ue katy ce gfe ve ST Ged, ye sabe (Bika) gL se ep oe Ee Oye ol ads ip ot Soe dpb fe Lis 1a he & ploy Wl ai eis 2 Le po zl SNS ey ae ge ol all wet nd ge Gale Gly GIT ay ge Set SY a ee kG Ole pte Mel yew) oul de la Gan 2h i, RP LBL te pa US ily ON ee og 25 Hate tye ApS GF Ol any Ae goat NAN 8 oe AY itl Je oy . (Charamande) Bae gh Ga wells Medk Opes Ges All de OG a ant ees 1 Bell ASD oe AUS OG AY YT Ley Say ce gi! oF oy Sgt DD ST ads oo Ue AL Slee AW coe ahs all yo pail o&# gi (Karma-Adda) tosh (28) Xenephon, op. cil.; Ainsworth’s Commentary, p. 80. (29) Ibid, 4, 5, 40. (30) Ibid, 7, 7, 16 (31) A. Musil, op. cit.; J. Obermeyer, Die Landschaft Babylonien im Zeitalter | den Talnuds und des Gaonats, (Frankfort, 4929); Barnett, op. cit. p. 5. (83) Xenophon, op, cit. 4, 4, 42Slag Sg OU gs! meee eal gue Ye Ell Ths he oa S30 ab Bad oe BLU OL ne Veil hb st gi beg pe Bat dy gall ap ye eg LS Redd km ye) He) ke ae oy he Aye ode th ae Leal Gan ges de op A fo ue ol ge a My AN i pi olgil Lak ga 3 sh oy ashy et sabe) Aaa oS dae ike Sh ay gb pal Ud Let bh kal eval) + et pa Se Ws tn wh ssi Goi Ss AA ade ow Be fe les gl) WS pS me oe Ee Ge ee gl bole WL Tie ae fe te Sal ob Ogee CPL an ie ga (Ghee arg Lele dae op LMG goo dwelt belgie oy al Oped GI ee een eee of gall Jett J) Siutraz) je 9 38 J.B. Bowsher, “On part of Mesopo- tainia Contained between Sheriat e! Beytha on the Tigris and Tell Uorahim, JRGS, XXXVI, (1867). (3% J. Ross, “Notes on Two Journeys from Baghdad 10 the Ruins of Al-Hadhr in 1830 and 1837, JRGS, IX (1839), p. cbt 3 dtall J ) sha, gee tai ye settle (tb ae ) nae ! Seba Peg) de obslad ot glen y or gel MoS cae ais UL! Nae Nga dy eas ia sll a wl opbih eyo ly Ll aye Ye op! SIS pl ang ol aw He ath ATG) 228 EI Je wh ws je ey BD NES od Bap cl Fpte Be GAM) We S oy cll gl cM FL Ye lye BL SI tay Lie oe 445: “Journey from Baghdad to the Ruins of Opis and the Median Wall in 1834, JRGS, NI (1841); Lieut. Lynch, Notes on a part of the River Tigris between Baghdad and Samazrah, JRGS, XI (4841) pp. 472-3; Bar- nett, op. cit. pp. 6 ff. 35) Sami Said Ahmed. op. cit. p. 22vy Hee Y) ter gtler og Fall ala, be gl pl Re cole see aes AN Nphes de SU ye gl bes BS oe me, coll Parysalis) cathe AS call Late O36 bas Sy ball ee gpl Sally + (opbdl salen se eye ) SF AY Gaenae) gil oS he O93 Oem Ups pa yw SM eM Cab i GS Rowe Gaal cel yo COM edt 2x S tee) (Takarilain) oy yl ke Oy ST cel pe cle bl FI ee Oped ores GAY ell eS Og-S Sucet US aS y a4) (zAbatus) BAKE Gop oO peily Release oss + Sd oe alee a Ss ok Cm BLL Opis ow ay ctl oe Bed ek ol Bed pte soel ee Gil Melle Jul gy i Le ce ey EN tye) GAY ay ee) GAR ee A aS guid! oi) weed ory OFS WSS ty + te LS py Re ae pelos Lal eg Al j W129 (Larissa) Lig sY (gua Sa yrege Aas fon the canal system of An- cient Sites of Baghdad in the Time of Xenophon", JRGS, LVI (1920) pp. 486 ff. (37) Barnett, op. cit. p. 46. (38) Obermeyer, op. cil., pp. 248.249. (89) Xenophon, op. eit. I, 4, 43-44. (40; Barnett, op. eit, p, 23 * os cdl hd) GPL cl ae Gi cag GOL i dl abt ah ey te lil te a AL-Nasiffiyal — Nuseffial) OLL-Wiisbe gil SAT SNe eae Sle ae Ue ail el wo ge IS WES SLE ME od betes GAM (Kenishtay LAS oe Rep LO de oil Ls ols gore (Kenishla De Safyalibjbly cp, Ae Me Se Wi Jo ly ot ade Wily ogee Se WIS Y Gl ll SSA gl hall Gbest suey 6 Pe Op Ae par te Cpl ALY OW Soe Any Des Gb Gyre Sikes SH gle gl ae OW all dey e sitter) te ae CONG eS polls Mes ope Lia oe tS 348 be ok Gere es ee ee A a Oe ll Nc ely ee op Melt adel! ace at OB OS ky GY a ee ui. Vor We BL be SII Ol oF 09S Le (Appmaca abl 44) Obermeyer, op. cil. p. 86. (42) Xenophon, op. cit. 14, 4, 25. (43) Barnett, p. 25. (44) Xenophon, 41, 5, 4: see also David Oates, Stuilies in the Ancient History of North Iraq, (London, 1968) pp. 60.ea plg gd) CLES 3 Syl ASW op PAP Sy2Ks au gh Wes Ope fe bn Dal ody BAT ee dow al giF a SN og Bipllg Ue ly ophed, gl! lel! BLL Uy) Lane hate OS GT, LS oye WON dink GI yy LY sey LAD A) GN Bley Oke Yow AS by 3 Oph ch Aegee bts oN Lawl balay Qual) op daly defi db Ut Sat ew) Wiel Ja eV Sp Si + pA Nok ge Saaly Ea wy GO Gl Slraby galye raphy Rall spell dl ae ce 20) AB A fe Ui Gall oh Ge Lely Rebs LM Yel LES ot ds Mall jade OTs 6 ably Soe EN ee Ye baad aut J ade ace, ot Lp ge ped ASU fe kcely pe + Wy ok ge ras Gln Vy Pl nS She bog > dee os opal aly avy ok de Lee Jp sky La ply Waly (al nee ) (45) Xenophon, op. cit. 41, L414, 4, 6. (46) Ibid, 114, 4, 9, & 10. (47) Barnett, p. 26 wr el s oe be dS oh de (MO) are bp HK AM Wut J ot Wh UF OF ge dT OE Sy 6 OM at Noe Op) le ghar + ku 2 Kall OG DUI ye bat Apa ber U8 oy ag Opis ope ey fll Lal Baty dey te fe ll Gp ke ip te ©) (Maspila leita 3 io pee CF el ss oS ly AY ole ty OF Ay oa Ge re me gol (Mushpalu) ghey LS yy pl chew ul OO Beall Je lle Np Se Uybe Wl JBy Ogi d ane Ga el « adi gg abpel ENS tel ae oe oe, pore on ota WR ll) LY ab bey (teeth gl (Shavvati) ore ro AN ge 0G OM AW Bap 2p ae 3S gh Sargon IL Prdl Sel Jt ely) (Dur-Sharrukin) Sor 3S Jol any dledldl ela ps DN fe Opty LAN pee Iyedls (Carduchi) 65923581 le Wa Malad © OM (48) Xenophon, 411, 4, 2. (49) hid, 441, 5, 47 & IV, 4, 3.awe Heo dates ler gS + bh we sade agi redl pel bole dikes — eddotmm Cn aell oe od ad Sy gpl Sadly deli ga 4 Sige Wed Cand cite dl geome bay ope Ub ok, gil all UW 6 a als lod ST gag poll cig coy dint adel Be OF pall de pel WSS FY SAW del oF ge gh Sos ay er odie Ado dale GQ let im Jl dopou ci ge slags ot Se (Sarisa) La se Gall @ U Say 0 4S Be ett ge OF WS) des Wi Od Pi) Urs oe & Al (Larissay La Lak, dyad GL aly sage Oss HTD Rll (IS) orn te oS ees 6h 8S J ogle hy + de AS Lgl do cd bp 8 Lal ode BS oT We abi dG Tyo la. cite LY OF tate BS OS LS wall ce 2 LNW Gage Gall pad (Satalay Veo long JON allel oid pe ce Wala otpaos pad (Pinca) — Skyy re db OS Hl gly + Lis (Hd) oe Ap ge OS oy Je ole! WF Udy rsd IS Cie gy + Ob gd gil se CLaMy dibs 227 ok Lae ye pe Uyol y > gall DA ok & GAY AS Ye all ye GL G acet al ey (Bratosthenes) (ura gil y! © (Poseidonius) (y-52y4\ 9g eg ee cn sell nh + ot geuny PAI ggty bin, Whe JI os og Gry ad fo day te yy OPH UI 20h pee he ob Lees ene # Woe Pedal Leh oye pLST desl I gail J Oem: JLo Gf edt Laka - CA dopo Wye baked (ol oleglall omy bee oily (Qt) WG De + il wey Las aval aby t geal tds — y BSN ge, en gcd US ec Sa 6 Guede peliodl Us gs «© dled doe + Ueilgay 2S YW ably they te Je ob coll gay tl peall dl he, ob dS olds Urs ev ow + Cobeslly Guetta Lancia ) dash J wlgie YI le Ga ply cols OF Gy Loge Labs wa sr chly (01) OU Ns Gliney ash oe aly ped We SEN ll, LAS Lage Cay La ly (82) Strabo, Geography, transl. H.L. Jones (London, 1914), BK. 16, p. 229. ake dda Gln SA 2 (07) LETS obey (eG VONV0) Cyrene salle, Wey oles Set 5oty Giddy eel 6G VEV ee Ne paw I CU Pol Lai jot JG ObTs Guy A, Pls Ragelll Ll folly UI lene Sl pel Bs dees IE Yoa Obey Sy ot qh de Ly WL Uyetl e e Ce) ZWHS ol Ree W Iyet + hh ow db Lgedl deel ah, MONE ST er het be dy GoUly I gall 5) Gabe Se, es A) op deat yo Ll Ob A617) Aturia) poly GLa oye aly! dl ew exe we 36 Shoal Ve eee! 4b oo ey ole AoW ged d Lad heat oh Ge ali) gas oxy epee OGY SG Re by Wel ge ak ye oaite Gal Me 3 Gil obe ge te Ja ee All Clb tlh ae ee of Sb Ap tikes sho Gat AS A peel we + ALA Ua! US I LES Wie oy La 3 gin Ad) ob te doe Boyes bd pilel ow ow ace clude Mame be ge NF us gan thee SS opt ee de thes gry (Apolloniats) eodals oe daVb 93 83 + (ho thie) Ur GE er Em bs Gd 3 tes ye ge am gl Gi Gall Ji al, aly oat User a ge Pl gp ted 655 Se dhe ak # Ch desl Rhy aysT ode od + Hell wre (byes) gS st) ge oy (63) Ibid, bk. 46, p. 254 & 24. (Ninus) yey pel Wok 3 ail ve BRAY ob pall Udy eV de Oph Ss + SAVY ey» All Jet ASV ode cy ge OMA Gall odie ob SG (Gordyaeans| 2230, i ill (1) B19 Bee We oA Nee [22% Ye0/Q\ao = Gobel ) boat ple Dia ee Buda (pa on el SA a a gw Us Oe Ue Spt cull ‘Sconitaey lod SL lands lye Ula Jy + ge Se Sel! gel opt) —¥ 9 gil eenteh wi glitly + (old oye ) oe Keno Ls gill ( asileins) (Aborras) Wlyage eg La) Mikal oe Gog pe gil Reet DN Ogle bao + lal ai shod) He Aabell Aa) oy Gilet ily Lopes Gall dy gl call gabsll Se bball Ui! Goesly Oy dLsl ja tw LS Shy pe eps! a 5 Al i Je ee Gad Ware en coy gridl fl oh ope Aes (Onthernusea) ee et ta Ue old Wi one deblis J LAN (Anthemusias) okey! Wi yj Rem Gs (Ostohoene) as msl aud nay Ue) chee ye gi Zeugma) el ee age Ch ee ly eld Dd ad yal Jo, one ui (64) Ibid, p. 25.Vo phe US sm fo tard hh oe Ul ia) Vege drill op Rakes Cola! oe gb Ubdl obs > seo lly ak cr dK! JI Lal) (Paraeteacenians) ea ql peel gay + OSS tile od) onl t We, ah) oyall ooky Ue el dips OLA fo peels oa oA MEDS Galleys (Lal all seed nd dh ade Ogle hess bglall Je SN oalcel at ot Ke Ogle DB aby 6 OO Gisela $3 ab Bh ae Spe isan oN yAT o wail 41 ly gall Lote KAO Yer Ghyll old bh oy) ip pe Gey C3 OK Hg 6 ly Vie Ye eM (Susiana} (Elymaeans) saat Ae a coll He Gait 3 elas Se» (oe I & oi) (Borsippini) (Lary glist ) egmms yl dee hose: (Oreheni) (Asss\dil) oS 999V3 Soh ed IN el lens Lemay, Se ee EMM lle 41 GS, tes ww Ales oSgill ANS Gysl Em Oly 6 OMI Lina oe ral) bdle PN aah p gly we lal yg oles (65) Ibid, bk. 46, 4, 3. (86) Ibid, 46, 4, 4. ee shes ples gS (Gaugamela} WW gS ce dewign ow gle (Keramlais) Obl S de ae BAe op em 6H on del dl Cal) po aly ad kaw oy weet dls 0 OO gS O95 ea gl pater Lae Ugh ne ga Li gal og Law y tue oe (oct Hite Ge ed ge es gil ) + CAD o 3 De oye oy cole GE cdl JEM Cit Leni 53, oo thy OY Capra), egw ye (The Country ghebl, Milelt ode yy 1 SH bay + Sa oi 09 Sly AY ly (Naphta) Ce al eal We gs + Ubdl ASS Sloe I oyhe wn ols (Shimirrum) of Artacene) (Sandracae) AS (Cypparisson) Oy aby ezall gue lis baw Yo + ov ple Idee Ogle Claw gh ce Gel go OW BM ch pol Udy 6 Rab gy ote di + eV Eet ole ole Gore! ll (Harshe) ptsbiiane Js OS lary PES Aaa Gly 6 gh dish op» Gal fe oy be fe Lily! (Kimash) Loy all ld OW oy + oo WS el Got ce DoW spall GUL Lei Ge + dw (57) Ibid, 46, 4, 5. (58) Ibid, 16, 1, 26.Shy Ny By! ae gt lay UW ayes we SI tle Latte Wl sd dire SY) ge se tually + (Messabatioe) oes pp 253 SIGE OH ssp ae SVye Yi, yl ULI tas gol Gl F tikes yp (Opes Sh fds) c Gabiene) pill ps eye yl abae) gu Jl iw ) PM ue gio os mw Wp eye Y Spd! ail dF) (Der) po ae (4a Al GIVI aged Gs oS ay Parses) Gea oe GAs po ctlly ally Gy pll Olegi Ogle Gb/Ys Be - ht ST Ole Gh ee I WLS Spl Cepia Le glee! slucl lide fo STy GI all EE sh + doe Bat Ye UI abl a (opt ook) Way et dad Ul Dhetlke oye Sata! Mabel OWT fe Og a a lel et Saal ogee 48 ow gill Sul Wd, ode a ag One de gill td 3 Get Ge Se Sy baely Ui yop eyed Gprpd! pel (Cappadocia) 245 wi tla, Via SS ge (Leuco-Syrians) ya OF hae salen Opal cod CIT Oy) XO} bapa, Ae SUS cole Hay Bh pl Ul pe (60) Ibid. OLS O Gt tl wh phe ee, LY sy Mee Ged gy lee A Abaoe, aid Lal ye on ole Uo oll oe Tay + kph ety ose oe eo oat bate ay QM ae eu Y OM Gud Syl oleh BL SLY BONA pel pile Og] a Ot pall ge Mia ND) ee sll ce Al Gai Je tne AT a Les eu (bul pe High) wae ow Bp eA Je Oph Lad oka ob oye S596 ( RF OY oly cw ASN fe chee thy neve ayl fe gla & Ge dh dh Uwe dev ol Sey ce coW Sy Mary oy GaF 1 hel yll Ueely, alaretl ol SI Ogle ah gf + oll ep task) Laie Jygall JI nd, lbll diply Sey Lew! aS cm pull + el (Sitacene) Queter diler Oy) 33 P) (Sitace) gt a oS a ols Wo WY QALY) olde Syt5 Lee WS gd Oph Shy FW wd a! GSN A gw + © Oph tm ot Ogle OSs SI ee ong ols Ny ee ely Chills ops Abe pe ll Obey doyle Grae ee SMM al hg oo gh seal 5b ee te eS (Clesiphon (60) Ibid, 16, 4, 9 & 4, 17.vw Hee aes ler gS all OF 2S rgd mee ge Dos'y Leis + geoMy Gy oY ab Uta Aided! Oey MN SH AT be Wat bats A SF Wil aad BN Ol ae oF Ue creel palley + YYbelit babs Woy Soph Way dba J atl sodlyy ost ge opt, yoy (Pliny The Elder) col ely (Claudius Ptolemus) Cop ST le eorbeel LS LS Lk oF rgeah stl Gy al gz + BA ge Ul godt olyytall gh dew detiy ST ooh, U 5 ai ah dL Bl pe ge LG epee pt gilgene gd Ga pl lilt dled Gel sake Ab oy eds aly Wink GIs I Wg Shells Heb ph Lege hie at Ay Lal oly o clel!l Lives gall So ey SM de el Fab Bree UI dy + Ape 659 ol ply Urs deed AE SL MaLel G gall AT ee cr lay) Aa lal abe ge Ugh 3s hl pee gy (Caranitisy (LT tte OS ably Dares ELS + 5 SI (Domitius Corbulu) 9) pr yegres> obs key € (Mount Aga) ST oe ae ante aa Veni, gly Lease ogee c esly ile . deat LIF gh PW gig dads Ba Ale 2B OF SI All 29h Lil Arye Me urn oe + (Polybius) egy, GEO ge GE ce LW abe J GL xed! dls dee wi oe dp J a gh slag (Parapotamia) Lay), gel dab ga ig Uedloie gy Sled dy © OPC sh tam yp dle > nal hey Urs (de gib| Jao by Fe, Jbdllolas, an geievls + (Apollonia) Wig x) pat OA oy ae ae Al AS nye gl OP (Mesopotamia) bbb odky et g opel om dh ed HP oA @ shunt ul. opt WS OPM pee god Dhl deey oy oe et OK las gill CM oy Sa 6 ops 6 83 Gil oe Soivsi bas) ole gill Lal bas Ge es» BY Gyalt Shy kat aryl gb eytlt ode ole Ot gens + OWI gy ale LS Ces) Wl db er Ye FF FS ty STC yl! HLT pedi Sylow beatey 6 OPN eat (Licinivs Mucianus) gy yiltye cy pont) Yee ST Yl Ugtt ot SS GLa ge egal (64) Evelyn S. Shuckburgh, The Histor- ies of Polybius (London, 1889), Bk, V, 48. (62) Ibid, 14:52. (63) Ibid, V 48, (64) Ibid, V:54. (65) Ibid, V4 & 1X43. (66) Ibid, V 43,ope Slag By Wy! (Blegorine) gr SHK poly or he tig LB GH cally Ag Olt Sy (Sigtitus) GA Ke play Ups Ade Gl, > ope & 13 Vom, oil) cigh ga [OCGA ad Gey 6S kel dé Ups gol lee GA! polit QI Ubew, ob Sayegh Mabel! + aii A5 prs JED AW pre Je das, 5 i Sey Y Ht wn op AB od Vy Ql be yo i +d al sie Bes gb Sh dh Sa Ue Kt KY gy US pis 4 pi Beh KE lang 6 gh es LS 8 698 iF Sop sd Se hl Bl Bape!) Gre, Ol ny ) dat be des cod Ds a bea © sah de SSM ON ye ce 6 ee pasar Heal wey) OM dou! Uns Wi gee ab (Claudius Caesar) Sg yf (Atohene) JT Lablis gil sedt Q} (Arsanias) oll ye Wels ob gy Rp eglay ve Ob ee oe al OS GL oly 6 dls Y ML Chall fo Ay ky AI ng Lyell eat, rainy ¢ dll eal (6%) Pliny, Natural History, transl, H. Rackam, (Cambridge, Mass. 1947). Bk. V, XX, 8385, p. 285. (68) Smith, op. cit. 1, pp. 508-6. UES 3 Syl WA (Capotis) pr me Ir Ca Gd NS Ee Me ple Sham le ch ily Seclee oAk ll ganas (Znara) shaw gs ctl (Serzene) onde tis Yai Quai, or SSVI (Laks) Ws any SSI hae oe et AG + OMS dee dace gt diag (Abus) yl ASNgh (Dajik) Gago dt We Quy MN AW oF galls ort! EA om de tly ay ul Ge gg Ls Ui ey (Satala) YL oy jal (Byxurates) {Malitena) OM Leal Wipe ae Gab ally (3 Soy ap pall wages le ode iy de Ansel aby Doodalh fe de my ie yl ol Ales dh VSi + adam ole gale lh Ged Mall bad Oly Gai Md gam gl be Lu) ae Hh aey ) dpa 3 often (Elegea) see ene dV gill sash dew om se gy (Omma) Oyler all oly 2 OL CoA pel ke Gl Gee Tiley ¢ Yeu! dbo oS kyo Leedly Ch oF dk AWW acy Ue type, tial Lik oy Deo vi del ot] dee Sp OS em A ely 9 5 SI (69) Ibid, 44, p. 1338. (70) Pliny, op. eit. p. 255. (V1) Ibid, VI, XXXI, 126428, p. 435. (72) Ibid, VI, XXXI.ws eal gab gla UE + pall Wag ple + IS edad aS J Ol pee aB (Antiochia) al Wet I Qedhs nA wy (Wes Gp. (Sabdata) Obl Le Sho wig Ves yi oe Lily a (Orvras) — lagrg B49 9 os Cornde, ees ally (Zeugma) (Orthuru) gy y'23!) pad) tae US 95 cee eng ote ae (Hatra) eget oe Se opal pe al dee) TSM Uble aig! (Bridge Town) nd Chap dled, HN HO gam 93.) Id gt (OO a jim Kotla 3d pw ay 8 ol dll of 678) Osh el Gobaryas) hah Coy) oy dels pabdl, eb lee wag + SW jg ate ggill (Nar Malchas) he 3b (Cyrrhesticay ae dle CIT AN @ As Om Ahad Gy Fl (Agranis), Gail SV get oe 3 Cr 8 Was OM A Le (Besechana Vow) EW of ole ul Sl Fh OS 8 Sy + (Led! beg oy <8 3 (Sipar Anunitum) ¢3 9 st} (Agade) AST 4 ISN Se op Uypaia de C (narraga) SLs) Ae Ay tas gl (73) Ibid. VI, p. 435. (74) Smith, I, p. 224. (78) Pliny, VI, p. 427, ooh sep pr sgSul eh Bley Ape ad LN >—# Ed se (dirwanda) 6 OSs tas URL, « LV J les Brtboral wo EF 2 gO ze ay cree Vole ob GS Gi Vy + lll ae BF aN Aly Urs ele aly oF il oS diag sod SN od ly ed ee, oe Aw YI lee os ae AW GL Lely oh, dae Ga gh U S3y SH BI del (Laodicia)iwos¥y yb Se ahs ddl ailga5 eel (Orcoei) Sag!) Agasly (Artemita) Coal (Antioch) LUsily - (Mandani) slvhy LS gO be (Nicolar) SG LY, ea Aly el ow bok Ue cealuy hs 7% ph AST Oly Ga AB Cd Uo Thal G Leo Wad Ble fe Lobes ole > Gia Are Je Uke dt JI ae aha chy oe gist deal JI_SY de (Silas) he ea she Wi Jeo esl Abd) Ok pet Ea 29S 8 Wl pan ates esl Sy Mabe als B (Retail) od (Karastel) dep 0% HW Gy a yl able gw gay + OM se inet gl {Apolloniatis) spre i OSs") Sy2g) Wh + Lats) (Silacene) (76) Smith, 4, p. 226. (77) Adams, op. cit. p. 138. (78) Pliny, VI, p. 420,dag Sg Wy! old wi geal al A, Us, hha gall bl oy Mabel ob UB ye Via WS gh aaely + Srl) dle (Nearchus) oes> of oy SS fakes Le ols) ot Kiss BS god) Ya Gd be pe lily Blas) bad BLL (LT I che Bat op UI oe ogg Y pia bing Oe de Lhes gall GLY oll ob gaily 6 Ghd Spl ule oF ooh, ok goE-V dheny Obl a fe Upe Eaae Cs + gl alba ge Me ately Than) ee, ge dhy (Tuba) bye ow all Se i poll Yada Ue Hae deal Ow Ys 9 GF AS Uns wi Jeol tim Sy (Libba) CS > oF pel ga as ap Le ed BOS oS eal ops aw Je ob gi St gall ae iin be (ee axel Dd) on ally Ge OM gg Eg old dl oA ye ae gly W OF Le type, oll wi yb Sigal gig! Gol Al w Jobs + Pde ab oF AS ot Os + Bal Me Wer SN adil or whe lary + algal dhoapg edd dh aa ght eo apa ge gr 95 al Hee, Ayal gS tab Tg AN pal ci (79) Barnett, VI, p. 429. (Onesicritus) Genes Ley Ue (Charax) CLES OB ta we easy © (Agranis) GulSt asked Hall oF doe ye 3 ptt dh Ov yt eh ob ll oe Ms las 6 ape Gat S) baa ok Sol Ugle cA S3 YW Al Le OS Wee ally Gall fe Ae BL chow oe Agfa gall HN a 6b gd egeall ot of A> Oy i (Shutruk-Nakhunte) ete (Messene) ne hell ode 5 WOoe B gh als © OUT IL ge je hey ONAN we ole op oe b Sh, eal Gh i dies wae nid Be Core de da Le AS ye OS dN eal fa ae gal eli dell eee GSN bm 3h + (Bab-Salimeti) ade Ot dake oe Syed di dike Ob ah gd Ob 3S gl GOLA i ee ce bb de i OSL ie Uh e oly A pyle, 6 SH 664 (Macarsares) eS LN SN otal a gy ow Abe LAY op oA St iy bb Ge (Caprus) 325 Ve Al aw os ashe SUM Ww ye Cols Gee Gd A) (Narraga) Citi ad Qs go oS LS ch 53 gall SA LN (3 (Pallagopas) LS IW) je Sy eget) Siw Bie o& dae oS LD ty a Si eeyi oS ye Leet Oly RDG eo yod 5 pan OS ob de fo 6 BN oy 4S ae Se GS dE oe ae de Se WS all cAI by Cos on ate Ob le + OM) Geel ablb oily Na ye cw tS YL ga Ge te (AP. KAL JE) ALU stall c oe 5 gly + OP Ub de gal CHEN ASIN 6 Dyed AUYe Ja bee gelato 9 5S Uh Oey all oe Spb bogey te bt 8 Gm phe peal Sy 6d pale (81) Smith, 1, . 362. (82) B. Meissner, “Pallacotlas”, Mitteil- ungen der Vorderasiatisch-agyptischen Ge. sellschaft, 1, (1896), ppp. 177-489. 83) Pliny, VI, p. 437, (84) ThidSlag zy Oss) obUF 3 Gil grate Gees ol ostod SG 6 te. Gy plly eles lel ge hab byte ot gi) Lh tae ee Lebdt spall ob Su 8 as Abyss Lp ot Le yo Ke Wig F goledVy Le Gl +e Slee Sh Ob a oF pel ot ky dee gil aad J) eV ol al poe oe ten on Cell We hel Boop se ode Shy + Gast om J) By poll Leyla) oy ast JI dt 5, Le dot esl Sev Ol Js + (Ptilemaie Mesopotamia) tats we a; piel a dy Nyy bye by oS Sigs 85) Pliny, VIXXXI, p. 445. si) Sami Said Ahmed fa. vy el) aA one slkeYI Lig beet gp US ad an gee WS Sly 6 gael WS eV Ate AE LE et ly We Seed gap ol gh Usbes © Ose Ob US Lane (Sinus Persicus) co! 4a) (Charax Spasin he ae be Je cil ( Ud oe Ws gg all bbl URL ys hay a epe 5 be) Woy be bye OS bey Dor (pened tay fe CAT By pall abe Ge Be, be Wy ws gu daly Gas ot BN pul Wed Gas wool fe Be ot Se Vash dal Gd ot eel fh ode gee Va) Geel oe Be Ha, Sell oo Gael ow bk gee) Ba oA gag oo SSM Led gpm, Dy LN LS Al) ON aN oy + dl cod dp) jp 87) Claurlius Geography of Clandins Plolemy, Stevewsin’s (rat York, 19225. Plolemy.we Hee Yl nts gal aga asl Uyb Ue dary ¢ Le all UL Uhel 2 clipe OSs + Gall ge UL BUS dow b ce (A ae Shy dal cae, ON gabay gpl coker Je Maal OS esaher the gy GB ce As sill (Mterianus) yest Ge Le beg Ge oo ysl b WS Se Slee i GF cr pel, Ue AB ot al aly, ws) pel Jems (Singarus) soe tee os (Masius) ee OS we kk ok dhe ON bes Cr ve AE ye gill (Ascoras) — o a crsectle, ot pay « (Saocuras) ola sh (Myadonius) c. ell Ug te ee OM yb) ail as pl eM oe lee aU Wwe i tl ee ders oll Ved G1) (Necopherium) pyre’ eae old! wel oe te (lop g ot ar Ae doe + (OY! Nal as (aplbll des dem oil) (Siku) 5 ) (Cercesium) +S 33h gs Lae yy aged dl al heel ce UF atthe! pe cile dhe (hope cal ael an 283 ly ll Me ly oe& gr es ool C0) +s (Cordis) (88) Ibid, BK. V, XIX, p. 134 pebl aS OF La Ss Gp He Ob Gad op ore cee one I Lal © Baal deat Ov S So 2 id pall, Lge Uy Lab ok Ul aoe ola jae Dl oe gad ab 2s) oF Nasal onl ot ol gu Ugh Je Vege Epil ces eee Jill be gol CAN & tee Gol TV Ae ew el Re ot ek oral oes OV = eel he te LAN bl J gb St gil got dik WG Ve Jeno OMG 3) peal Geel, Ate ee oll ae la cy Alls dob 20k dle Ge pele AG pf tell LS oe pS ae, N98 chad eke: pace, 20k WB ial Ve pS Dt ty Bed i ee pL aa! Ais des Le aS % lor obstacle Kelty (AL! e EN dae 2 ole ole be Se gpl Uae ob ses ebb Qt Uke tat ul Ft AIM Bs ALUN dled pet de Gb ae Vy 6 hel yey We Gal bt Gees LST BIg! UO oye DLL ye ead 4 DBF ls gl bl or yg all op ot, Sy + EYL ove ge lod gy Akl ode ob aut al che RO 3 oa oe dl bat oe aes (89) Smith, 11, p. 968.Slag sly QU yd OLS 3 Shall epee, 253 Leal call pV! pial wt LON gS Wyo le ABE cdl SV aelly rl CaM abe ong ead 3 gor aoa Le op gills (Jovian) Oleyr3 Julian) Pray WL Alas yet ong Ny HY yw Sl Me piel Sh ae paw by Sy oles 1B apd ok ga Lael 3 dae Gey (Adiabene) 2h, 2am ON lle ay! 6 loll eet fe chee Gall or tlie ow a Legale on Hs OPC Rasy (Ona) Vgl pet led y dental Woy th Ig bee Ube oly do) N85 (Adiabas) cee Bl sys Lite Som Oelial abu anely WLST Gag 6 eet pel te Sp BI a dy 6 OMCs HS Coy A Los nage he Ves wi ob Ancely ebial dablis Jae ody? gy Ee WIS) Gd oat bee SU (Acbatana) ees Val py Ae IL Go Vy (Olas) (90) Ptolemy, op. cit. p, 120. (91) Ebner Manuscript, about 1485. (92) Ammianus Marcellinus, The Roman. History of Ammianus Marcellinus, trans. Yonge, (London, 1911), Bk. ee, iL Ae Uy OO pis) (Mtyadonins) A ghll tb gh Vy hayes Tb orzo + Holy seal 2 ally cpl, satel ad Jud ta) LS iy tere ONAN Wi Cee ok tl be DW Syed) SI Ales oe GG Fb Ee Ebony (Apamia) ety sped Ohne © ABD pele V gil oe, ol JUL ha, al es Be Bee SS thats ilo DKA dB Oe Or Cer es bel (Sipphara) VBL) Lae oy oped She Goad Ow wi te el ciples ai DI ak oh bie Ss sea Gs ay gob gill (Marsares) eily al ol Al wy ol job oN Hake ge pes oad Both tm bede (Orehoa) *S ah ely, See 28 Me Gye lp ele sant Shey + adlys SY deo Ce a eM ge Wits Gey pl Gall cos Rae as G Sk he g Bee, Olan coe dhe pe 0% Las AT gaa) ait y Sell oth) osebog sh (Gyndes) we ple og (Tornadotos) 20, See also L. Dilleman, Ammion Marcellin et les pays de I'Buphrat et du Tigre”, Syria, XVII, (1961 98) Ibid, Sec. 22, p. 334.| \ve ar aes ales pF) LS ge pe 6) A oll (ae whe iy Ape el gyal! CY Koo LANE ple ob BG bE ee Wipe eS All oe ald ow oP Hdl pel tees 6 oll gt the 3 4S ACY Ce Gall all onl fad) 9 bh Ree ye yoke pts 5 bth dee Ge hen ond dee, Sal ode Leal ay Uy ae a sped Pal ak oH od Oy ta Ball ose OAT GW Al tele ye VSS os) 0 OMe Lege BAG Cl ne get ele UH Kal oo Gob) Lg UT OME Vologeres (288) a Fo SW ak Ll EP IES ppt ee CAS) ola -¥ g Se Gl edye ob pelle Ube Go line Bye Ue BS a Ce FNS and e DV oped UN OAS Salt ode ob Var IS ys kh ete oe Ul Gg crated Wel oe oy) ap id ob a 6 Oba ae LS pall lane gal Do A eat DN ne ey ee BL BO wl We @ gull dd a pol SIN SI ale os Lary all Jal bye RB poll otgll Galea Wy (94) Smith, 1, p. 244. (95) Ibid. 1, 918 (96) Marcellinus, sec. . p. 335. BS So GN we al SY A be gall Ups ab og a ad syed) Xe Usd) syed & 3 ce ine AS sll OG Hy LF 3) JG cites Sly + hw Nac! ase! dae! bel oe oe Be, VOLT or b9 OP eT tke ee eb ke Day Wess Jools UT ete re gil lige am Sey dual OF Fn OS us) be LN Sas (Bumadus) ce gole ys) O28 GAN 6 pW plat aw OP deve si GeV lw baer es Su OSE ool es bd Oat oe CON yaa Mesene) ule: aad dob) qasl Wants Ora gy Lal Sass {Appolonia} 2S aks (Volugesia) woe bh am haat eT Sy Ogle Leal Lie oil Sip vee Og by 0 ONC aL Oly Bl dae By Vou of Ge aly a pala iy BLE ae Gy the {Teredon Opa gy Kaye OM UE SH le He All pall HLL or Diridates) (97) Smith, I, p. 452, (98) Ibid, 11, p. 876, (99) Ibid, I, p. 461.Slag Bly Os} lial jtbierrdgae bys Achaiacale: fh owed Ba cee We at Paraxmaicha) " YOLUASY gan deacs! X lpe cate 8 IT AN pis Ne \ ay JS Gren) & te o Nin tod ae ol BNE gt ype ete al los) YW ede ered > gi vil ty byt Ue otal ye Ge Ube dle Gy gS) Lele Le ace Gant) ate Colonel Chesney tae Wi be EAR Gs Vers ls (Teles) GF Le ee otal ae 3 Ca on) a. pl ow cl lai Je Melly Wel pally « sli (lg 4p Wily ae YL Hb aes coe) rel slo ell gall (Sitace) Gat te gy U Al dly Lai all ay | OO ae pot gill JaVt syle Lede Gb! gl oe deal SEU OS bes ag See ios ie gat all gly oe ye (Pumbadithaytsbe yaa se ary (O20 gardana) taal oles 3 dial \wA +e GL Boye VEY oe 20 G25 all ving) Up Glad Ades Ons weds) LE oye WW S3 eye yl Uety oes (Cis Xs Ue Le Marses) ier) esos { dotle & AN eT YY ode ec i OC ee LI S3 gk alal we gn BW eal Bate aad pepe, Ob ble pyle Clie iy Oe yg Le I ot we (bY) (Cagrus) ally algal) lead at ales +! ) dsb ie Nags Ue bye ey eee A bE eed vee Led eee Ahad eal gg (Anatha) Gol Qs pag! (Lucianus) cle, thine ¢ SV OUI G8 Le, Jo oi? LL ae ey HS te ee ol al oe le vy (Macepracta) (Thelutha) 88 y Lae Get alyl oly) Gal ce apt 2h cae g Rly GLI GD de ge SM bb bl b Se (Pirisabora) Iyyley Gas bheys XY) (100) Mareellia (403) Ibid, I, p. 237 (401) Ibid, pp. 3 (104) Barnett, p. 44, (402) Smith, II, p. 1156,| | | | | vw AeeY dane gles 29 F411 oF piles a Ue pt dey seal! Abs ll Voxel sper! Ie pal GSs Une PBL Ub 83 SNES tae go ee GS Gg dels uh Se LT i HUIS SI Al ge exe LW gt galt {Septimius Severus) (y3.ni—~ (- po Ral fe stl Sig tll od uid OOM" aby ape ee oleely Lett La 12 gall bl ye MWS Go ee dy > Fede Ube ot aly Uae Le gi) By lal fe oh ans 6 oyu 7p bas em gb ley» ibs we G eal ea eee LOE oe WT Oy ate ye pull OM Gee galls 6 Aye 26 dale Ugh WY cee 8 aly eal shed ci ly bly eel Ld) GE 4! 5 om EM all opal Ot lg OM ta ple eo S3 le al hwy Lek erpedns oh ce ITS + Gb bi iO y pally Lal Ui Jel , Motel VG ke gl plod gy (Charrhae) IT gy “23h! Atal gi a SOs Ge aey Ut Wes ere BIS es _ (Batnacy kr (106) Ibid, p. 356. (107) Tid, pss, Sige Walb ay 4d ENG Suet The Middle Euphrates 4 Nov, 1926) p. 240 Alois Musil ot LY Gilly + AL gle ip & YW Usly Lt WS oy gut wm ot ths ae of Le AM 6 ge GE Oly a VY gl oe Tata Leball Fg Je Ws tle gil aed SUS oT ys aly thet Gg pe BT et ls ge eal BOL) ge FEY St ob yaall DL eer Mast oy. cit. p. 2 W. H. Lane, Bahylonian Problems, (Lon. don, £922) p. 407). OW day hi tell par gl Lys Fe esl aS 1S 6 We ote y call pill ead OLS cars uel soll ot Ch we geld cls Spel ce See SUS Gf coe bee 6 AY) cael oh Co de hells GAIZY boy) sell + (Aes hd USA ye gla pI teat oll Bh SS I gl es (108) British Intelligence, Iraq and the Persian Gulf, (Landon, 1944}, p. 125,lg Sy OU gel OLS 5d SI all pe a ply eye ETM Lote hal Jat ge Ubod) tht ol Al pl Soe se ggtlly (2p2T 2e Ae te fe oye Vi ok) bh ok glo GM A OSs + Cet ae WS Sot SN deal Go pa ae Sad opt Law by xe ell OL 2 ONE Ny Law Oye te reveled J edt as S 6 OP a cle 2 ale SLY S “ + WAN gS LE Up lad 2 bel 1) Marcellinus, p. 820. (to) Smith, Lp. AWA pod elt Se gly pitt Ul ew 6 ONC ce ol all gees Gere Leyla oe ey Cd dU ey eran eas old LY Uylly ate ue Yl de ey els i fe ap Ye cae NS eg 6 OWS el ably pet lly gpl Wal a pal de WEL sal git ae de) gh BLM Gb a ee eal oll bs oth ot gba IL) British Intelligence, op. eit. p. 93, (112) Lane. op. cit, pp. 60, 6l, 68SYRIAN Pree DESERT APY dass Ales 2iFa81 vesShey Bly Og OLS 5 Gl pll "SE" MESOPO | TAMIA.vey Ao! dans glen agifll a re Sere HYR CANVM,Nice ‘ gir SRotatjonae £— sea Pade Aca % | SINVS PERS cus