Personal subject pronouns Zz pe iia iat ‘The personal subject pronouns refer to a person or thing already mentioned. They go before the leper verb and cannot be omitted. 2nd pers you you elie (roseuiog| (he John is a doctor. ~> He is a doctor. Pes _ The laptop is on the desk. ~ It is on the desk. 3rd pers (feminine) she they 3rd pers (neutral) it Note! The personal subject pronoun / is always written with a capital letter. 1 Look at the pictures and write the correct subject pronouns. ii 3, ae Leite thd 2. Write the correct subject pronoun, 1 John he 5 you and | 2 the table 6 Mr Brown 3 the flowers 7 Vanessa 4 Paul and Sarah 8 the cat 3 Replace the underlined words with the correct subject pronoun, 1 Dave is Scottish. 5 Mary and Tom love skiing. He __ is from Edinburgh. are great skiers. 2 Sue is English. 6 Where are you and your sister from ? is from London. are from Boston. 3 Jeff is American. 7 My husband and | work together. is from Denver. are teachers. 4 [havea cat. 8 London buses are red. is called Felix. are red.UNIT 2 to be (1) AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE = INTERROGATIVE lam I'm lam not I'm not ‘Am |? You are You're You are not You're not / You aren’ ‘Are you? He is He's He is not He's not / He isn't Is he? She is She's She is not She's not / She isn't Is she? Iris Is. Itis not It's not / It isn't Is it? We are ‘We're We are not We're not / We aren't ‘Are we? You are You're You are not You're not / You aren't ‘Are you? They are They're They are not They're not / They aren't ‘Are they? ‘We use the verb to be: * to ask and talk about permanent states Where is Patrick from? * to identity people or objects aeapeeneie I'm Oliver. This is Matilda, * to describe people, places, things and feelings Karen's nice. She's always happy. 1 Underline the correct form of the verb fo be. 1 We am /is / are happy. 5 You am / is/are from Spain 2. Mary am / is / are busy. 6 Mr Brown and Mrs Dee am / is / are from 3 |am/is/ are hungry. South America. 4 The students am /is / are in class. 7 You and | am / is / are friends. 2. Complete the conversation with the correct form of the verb to be. Mary Hello. My name (i) is___Mary. Mary | (7) from Ireland. What (2) your name? My parents (8) Irish. Peter Peter. How (3) you? Peter Where (9) that girl from? Mary | (4) fine. And you? Mary She (10) from Japan. Peter | (5) OK. Peter How old (11) she? Where (6) you from? Mary She (12) fifteen, 3 €% Putthe words into the correct order to make sentences. Then listen and check. 1 a/ reporter / Powell / is / Miss 5. sister / she / my /is Miss Powell is a reporter. 2 New York / Victoria / are / from / Owen / and 6 Mrs / and / lawyers / Mr / are / Bailey 3. friends / José / Manuel / and / aren't 7 the / the / classroom / in / chairs / are 4 beautiful / weather / is / today / the & are/ the / heavy / books4. Insert the correct form of to be. Then make the sentences negative and interrogative. 1 They ore _ teachers. 5 You tired. They are not teachers. Are they teachers? s 2 2 My dogs hungry. 61 a web designer. ‘ 2 ; e 3 That table heavy. 7K Monday today. : 2 : ? 4 You and Paul happy. 8 Jenny's surname Peters. 2 5 Rewrite the sentences using the correct subject pronouns and the contracted form of to be. 1 Ann is thirsty. 6 My brother is cold She's thirsty. 2 The magazine is on the table. 7 You and Amy are not in my team. 3 That man is from Germany. 8 The grammar books are on the shelf. 4 Sara and Gary are not busy. 9 Tom, my cat, is not in the garden. 5 Mary and I are not hungry now. 10 Carla is not a doctor. 6 Complete the email with the correct form of the verb to be. i) ee Hil My name's Orla. Today (1)__is my birthday. | (2) 18. Bob and Sheila (3) my friends. They (4) ‘at my party. Bob (5) a student here in London. His girlfriend, Sheila, 6) a shop assistant. | (7) happy that my friends (8) here. My sister’s name (9) Olivia. She (10) also 18 today. We twins! Write soon, Orla 7 Write 8 sentences containing the personal pronouns J, you, he / she / it, we, you, they. 5 2 : 6 3 1 4 8 M390 ZS LINN) to be (2): short answers aE NATIVE Am I English? Yes, | am. No, I'm not. Are you tired? Yes, you are. No, you aren't. Is he hungry? Yes, he is. No, he isn't. Is she American? Yes, sh No, she isn't. Is it cold? Yes, itis. isn't. Are we thi Yes, we are. No, we aren't. Are you Italian? Yes, you are. No, you aren't. Are they afraid? Yes, they are. No, they aren't. ‘We use short answers because we do not need to repeat words that were in the question We also use short answers because it is more polite than just saying Yes or No. To form the short answer we repeat the subject pronoun and the verb, after Yes or No. A. Are you hungry? A. Isshe a teacher? B Yes, 1am./No, I'mnot. _ B_ Yes, she is. / No, she isn't. We always use the full form in affirmative short answers. A Are you tired? B Yes, Lam. 1 ©¥ Answer the questions using the short form. Then listen and check. 1 Are you thirsty? x 6 Is your house big? x No, 1'm not. . 2. sit cold today? v 7 Is your best friend short? v 3 Is she tired? YB Is your mother a nurse? x 4 Are they happy? x 9 Are you a good student? v 5 Are the students in the classroom? X10. Are the shops open today? x 2 > Look at the information about Amanda. Use short answers to complete the questions. 1 Is Amanda from the UK? No, she isn't. 2 Is she 22? 3 Is shea student? ‘Amanda Curtis: Canada 4 Is shea nurse? 24 Park Avenue amanda@tel.ca 5 25 nurse C Is she married? Is her surname Curtis?3. Put the words in the correct order to make questions, then answer them. 1 long / hair / is / your 6 difficult / exercise / this / is Is your hair long? ? No, it isn't. 2 from / you / Canada / are 7 English / is / James Bond 2 ? 30 dark /is/ it / now 8 shops / are / closed / Sundays / on ? ? 4 are you I school / now / at 9 holiday / on / is / your mother ? ? 5 pm. /it/t/is 10 are / late / we / for / school ? 2 4 4% Putthe sentences in the correct order. Then listen and check. I'm from Chicago, in the USA. Where are you from? Are you from Spain? I'm Carlos. Hi! What's your name? My name's Kathy. Yes, | am. Hi Carlos. Are you a student? No, I'm not. I'm from Argentina. And you? Kathy Hello. (1)_My name’s Kathy. (2) Carlos (3) Kathy (4) Carlos (5) Kathy (6) Carlos (7) Kathy (8) (2)290 =6€ LINN sroMsue WOYsz) There is / There are There is a table There is an apple. There are four desks. ‘There aren’t four desks Is there a table? Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t. Are there two books on the table? Yes, there are. / No, there aren't. ‘We use shere is and there are to show the existence of people or objects. We use shere is with singular nouns and there are with plural nouns. There is / There’s a book on the table. There are two cats in the garden. Ina list, we use there is when the first noun is singular. There's a table and four chairs. We use shere are when the first noun is plural There are four chairs and a table. 1 Underline the correct option. 1 There isn’t There aren't a guitar in the 5 A Are there a lot of museums in London? bedroom. B Yes, there are. / there is. 2 There are There is two cinemas in the 6 There aren't | There isn’t an apple tree in town centre. the garden. 3 There is / There are a new bookshop in 7 There isn't There aren't thirty days in South Street. October. 4 This restaurant is very quiet. There isn't / 8 There is | There aren'ta Greek student in There aren't many people here. my class. 2 Look at the picture of a shop window and write sentences with There is / There are and the objects you can see. You can use the words in the box to help you. Tshirt jeans umbrella. book _tie~ sandals. skirt hat ‘There are two ties in the shop window. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 83 Complete the sentences with There is, There are, It's or They're. 1 _There are_two cinemas in town. 7 an interesting story. 2 a beautiful day. 8 time to go. 3 a chair in the corner. 9 an apple and some oranges 4 children in the street. in the fruit bowl. 5 10 lots of clothes shops in town. 6 nice people. 4 €¥ Complete the sentences with There’s, There are, It's | He's | She’s or They're. Then listen and check. 1 __ There's _a fox in the park. 6 many good restaurants in my 2 two pairs of socks and a town but all expensive. Tshirt on the floor. 1 my grandmother. 3 an excellent teacher and 8 a great film on TV tonight. she's pretty too. 9 a delicious cake in the 4 several boys playing football outside. 10 my brother. 5 an adorable dog. 0 someone at the door. 12 Her name is Sarah. English. 5 Put these sentences into the negative form. Then use your imagination to finish them. 1 There's a cat on the roof. 4 There are three men on a boat. There isn't a cat on the roof. There's a dog on the roof. 3 2 There is a letter for you. 5. There is a university in Stratford-upon-Avon. 3. There is a new airport in town. 6 There are four children in the photo. 6 Write questions using the prompts. Then answer for yourself using short answers. 1 many theatres / your town 4 a computer / in your house ‘Are there many theatres in your town? Yes, there are. / No, there aren't. 2 a DVD player / your bedroom 5 ten students / in your English class 3 many supermarkets / your town 6 an airport / in your town v Linn arD aray] / $1 aTay],UNIT 5] Idiomatic uses of to be In English there are many expressions which use the verb 10 be + adjective. ‘The most common are used to talk about feelings, interests and the weather. be cold / be hot + It’s very cold today. / It’s very hot here in summer. be hungry /be thirsty > He's always hungry! /I'm very thirsty. be right/be wrong + ‘Yes, you're right! /Sorry, you're wrong. be angry /be afraid of > The teacher is very angry. /Are you afraid of snakes? be interested in > Paul is interested in history. be lucky * Yow are always so lucky! be sleepy > Are you always so sleepy? be tired + The children are very tired. be late » Ohno, V'mlate! be in a hurry Quick! We're in a hurry. ‘We also use the the verb fo be to ask for information about: © health A How are you? B_ I'm fine, thanks. * price A How much is this book? B It’s £6.99. + age A. How old are you? B_ I’'m25 years old. + jobs A. What's your job? B I'ma doctor 1 &°> Use the correct form of to be and one of the adjectives below to complete the sentences. Then listen and check. interested wrong thirsty sleepy hungry dirty cold tired’ happy hot afraid right 1 AWhy are you going to bed? 7 My feet always B Because I om tired. in winter. 2 AWhy are you eating? 8 They in history. B Because | 9 We because we passed 3 AWhy is she going to bed? our exam. B Because she 4 10 He because it is very hot 4 Wash your hands! They ! outside. 5 May | open the window? | 1 Helen of spiders 6 A Madrid is in Argentina. 12 AS plus 5is 10 B No, you B Yes, you ! MS 102 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Remember to use the correct form of to be. 1. Oliver is five years old. 2 Linda 4 Tessa 5 James 3 > Answer the questions using the words in brackets. 1 Are you happy? (sad) No, I'm sad. 2. Are you thirsty? (hungry) 3 David 6 Tom 6 Are they late? (early) 7. Is this computer expensive? (cheap) 3. Are you cold? (hot) 8 Is she full of energy? (tired) 4 Is he wrong? (right) 9 Is the weather nice today? (terrible) 5 Are your clothes dirty? (clean) 10 Are your lessons boring? (interesting) 4 4 btisten to Tina talking to a friend. For each question, choose the right answer. 1 Who is Tina talking to? aL Pete b [Z Tony ¢ D7 Sarah 2 How is Tina? aC sick b Cl athome ¢ O fine 3° Where is Tina? a C1 inher bedroom b CJ inthe park ¢ [1 at the shopping centre 4 Who is Tina with? a LC] noone b C1 her parents ¢ C1] two friends What is the weather like? aC) hot b CI cold ¢ CO cloudy 6 Why doesn't Tony meet Tina? a (] Because it’s late. b (1 Because he's tired. ¢ [1] Because he's in a hurry. " LINN aq 0} Jo sasn aqeurOrpy