In conclusion, we have learned that flip-flops are

essential components in clocked sequential circuits to

which in this experiment focuses on registers and
counter. A register is a set of flip-flops with common
control signals that can control data movement to and
from the register. Control signals initiate an action in the
register when they are asserted and can be classified into
two: Asynchronous Control Signals cause the action to
take place immediately and Synchronous Control Signals
must be asserted during clock assertion to have an effect.
A counter is a special type of register with combinational
logic capable of incrementing and/or decrementing its
contents, retrieving the contents, add or subtract one of
the contents and then store it back into the register in
one operation.
During our experiment, we have created a schematic
diagram to inspect how a register functions by starting
with a D flip-flop with CLK and CLR. The CLK or “Clock”
triggers all flip-flops on the positive edge of each pulse
while the CLR or “Clear” is asynchronous and used for
clearing the register to all 0’s prior to the clocked
operation. Then we have created a circuit to which a 4-
to-1 multiplexer is set as an input for the D flip-flop we
have previously created. This circuit is also known as Shift
Registers which loads the present data present on its
inputs then moves or “shifts” it to its output once every
clock cycle hence its name. Shift Registers are used for
data storage or for the movement of data and are
therefore commonly used inside calculators or
computers to store data such as two binary numbers
before they are added together, or to convert the data
from either a serial to parallel or parallel to serial format.
Data bits may be fed in or out of a shift register serially,
that is one after the other from either the left or the right
direction, or all together at the same time in a parallel
configuration. The individual data latches that make up a
single shift register are all driven by a common clock (CLK
) signal making them synchronous devices.