ORAL

COMMUNICATION
 NATURE
OF
COMMUNICATION
1. Communication is a process.
2. Communication occurs between
two or more people.
3. Communication can be expressed
through words, actions, (verbal or
non verbal) or both at the same time.
 elements
OF
COMMUNICATION
• Sender
• Message Barrier
• Encoding Feedback
• Channel Context
• Receiver
• Decoding
•Linguistic Barriers
•Psychological Barriers
1. Filtering 7. Noise
2. Assumptions 8. Poor Listening
3. Degree of Trust
and Openness 9. Poor Retention
4. Fear 10. Closeness of Mind
5. Emotions 11. Attitudinal Barriers
6. Perception
•Physical Barriers to Communication
•Cultural Barriers of Communication
•Perception Barriers
•Technological Barriers
Personal barriers to communication are:
1. Attitude of Superiors
2. Fear of Challenge to Authority
3. Insistence on Proper Channel
4. Lack of Confidence in Subordinates
5. Ignoring Communication
6. Lack of Awareness
7. Unwillingness to Communicate
8. Lack of Proper Incentive
 P;rocess
OF
COMMUNICATION
 VERBAL
AND
NON-VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
 VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
VERBAL COMMUNICATION is a form of communication
in which you use words to interchange the information
with other people either in the form of speech or
writing. For effective and successful verbal
communication, use words to express ideas that can be
easily understood by the person you are talking to.
Consider the five features of verbal communication.
 NON-VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION does not use words
for communicating anything, but some other
modes are used such as body language, facial
expressions, sign language, and so forth. There are
six types of nonverbal communication:
chronemics, vocalics, haptics, kinesics, proxemics,
and artifacts.
 CHRONEMICS
•Chronemics is the study of the role of time
in communication.
• Time perceptions include punctuality,
willingness to wait, and interactions. The
use of time can affect lifestyles, daily
agendas, speed of speech, movements and
how long people are willing to listen.
 VOCALICS OR
PARALANGUAGE
• The non-lexical component of communication by speech,
for example intonation, pitch and speed of speaking,
hesitation noises, gesture, and facial expression.
• Paralanguage is nonverbal communication such as your
tone, pitch or manner of speaking.
• Various aspects of paralanguage include posture, eye
contact, hand gestures, and tone of voice. Vocal qualities
such as volume and tempo are also part of non-verbal
communication.
 HAPTICS
•To learn about the power of touch, we
turn to haptics, which refers to the
study of communication by touch.

•Touch is necessary for human social

development, and it can be welcoming,
threatening, or persuasive.
 KINESICS
•The word kinesics comes from the root
word kinesis, which means “movement,” and
refers to the study of hand, arm, body, and
face movements. Specifically, this section
will outline the use of gestures, head
movements and posture, eye contact, and
facial expressions as nonverbal
communication.
 PROXEMICS
•This refers to the study of how space and
distance influence communication. We only need
look at the ways in which space shows up in
common metaphors to see that space,
communication, and relationships are closely
related. For example, when we are content with
and attracted to someone, we say we are “close”
to him or her. When we lose connection with
someone, we may say he or she is “distant.”
 ARTIFACTS
• Artifacts refers to the use of the appearance
of a person which speaks about his/her
personality. Your choice of clothing, hair-
style, jewelry, automobiles, as well as
maintaining your body, already expresses
meaning to those around you about what you
value and the image you wish to put forth.
 SPEECH
CONTEXT
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•Intrapersonal communication is
a communicator's internal use
of language or thought. It can be useful
to envision intrapersonal
communication occurring in the mind of
the individual in a model which
contains a sender, receiver, and
feedback loop. (Wikipedia)
 ).42!0%23/.!,
Communication with oneself using internal vocalization or
reflective thinking. Intrapersonal communication is triggered
by some internal or external stimulus. We may, for example,
communicate with our self about what we want
to eat due to the internal stimulus of hunger,
or we may react intrapersonally to an event
we witness. Unlike other forms of
communication, intrapersonal communication
takes place only inside our heads.
 ).4%20%23/.!,
•Interpersonal communication is
the process by which people
exchange information, feelings,
and meaning through verbal
and non-verbal messages: it is
face-to-face communication.
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•Interpersonal communication is
not just about what is actually
said - the language used -
but how it is said and the non-
verbal messages sent through
tone of voice, facial expressions,
gestures and body language.
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•Dyad – Involves two people only.
•Small Group – Three to ten
persons.
•Public – Delivering message in
front of a group.
•Mass Communication -
Communication thru TV, Radio,
Newspapers, internet, etc.
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INTIMATE
•Private
•Occurs between
and among close
family members
•Intimate individuals
•May not be shared in
public
casual
•Peers and
friends
• jargon
•Slang
•Street Language
•Vulgar words
consultative
•Standard
•Communication
between
professionals
•Employer and
employees
 formal
•Formal
Settings
•One way
communication
•Speech
 frozen
•Remains unchanged.
•Mostly occurs in ceremonies.