Delta Medluleshon (du) OPA fa a Coded weetilde, Hat copy aneky signals fe Digital bits YDM & we & Quatize of (2 Levels )(4-bil) which is vey easy to cens tc t + cheap Harclwage vw Since He Quatiza has only (eve-bik) the Sampling rake Shell be f, sow fb SubFicieudly vepresat m() as Coclech Y DM Guatices culy the diflerence belreen the mevage Vale at saue point of fae Jmay| ond its Seales mW ie 7 fechecl Lestimated ] ig Pye Hal Linitel fo mit) (hay 4 ef ee © t 5,0 on aeHe Pirgl sample Frum the Coupareter \ eCt) = m(t) = WiC) = +ve QT questized be te lnel 1 ancl encoded os 44 bil GThs sample will be integrated as step Rarctio geig (4p) FSWickt Lau) Mamet GY Duvig Next (TE hime malt) will be Compared #508) 05: GE wm (bt) BME) ——S Sy) etd or fin binay mi Seer Solution t~ we shealel clesiqn BM suck that | A. ae) ia weal tapenade ai man BE) Find slope -ovedocel Cenclition 30 that mili) = Acs ah t Con be meclulated by DM. Selution & — Gh mo, —e w z are 7 le 4 Aud, = => a S ee Ex) Finel minimum Samplive Re Freq &) hur wily a Ces Ei deuk gi Ave ed dk -——————" | Sekt = ie es |=< CO) Quantization Noise ¢> G Nese in DM is lenge, thea iv pom \ oe | : a ee Item? AS 12 G) Granular Meise s> Tir heppes wher will) js relatively a Flat signa) ACD Cam net fillay small Vaviaticns in wll) aA EAR BW Requireol for DM =~ Bw = fe ne ty Note :~ in DM Pulse Rate = Bit Rate ) Soules dik Le(Cok) ow-oFF-kejiy (8) Mopar hil ing aye fo ye pe neg—anay Phare shift - Keying (psk)c Digital Medlin Gy Samp hg, “Theorem x bohy 2 CDigital Sigualls are wore immune te (weise + intedevence) BD mist Concho oe eve Lwaniplale mayen a Storing J Recever = Compress / Recluce Bw ae oy —Encagphien / Decuyphes isp “TOM K To comect a signal From Avaleg te Digital we use A/D es a. converter OG) ——— 4 a # Sampli g signals ave, de seed of alll Hines (Cantons ) “gh im of Time peaks RADiaili| savls oe olefiaed of a cleele set gital Sig € Soo ty oi ATE stack Falking Samples ce oitl meallpy eit i xt) ae impulse fain pC) er x YD = w Ww me : re St yA KS Ke = 1 ‘ ee, oe ey ee poe SC) (w) " Th -o \ pw = S$ (bot)NolE Since PD 15 a perieclic Panchen we take F.5 b Fuel ibs spectum f PC) is alse a tran of Pubes spaced by (Hy) mulliples Now, Te sample X(t), multiply ib by po Sampled signed. X(H > xO) «pl aX) : xl) ple) : i t a ; Pett apie PA ADH eZ Slee f SS saper e| Xe LS yc byl mill Prepecty Ae) at 2 x (w- kag) Spree af | = Original XW \xo © ZxGE) 6 (ET, | ee hee re - ep xp) mY ie. : : oO = — he > 7 1 a ie LMG oT, bi how wh Baw 3 Tt Noler Hat xO) spectrum 39 4 multiples Cepies oF the wossg Spectrum cml fo qarentee Maese Copies Wort overlap So we Con Recowey it perfectly © Re Meare (Myguint-boit) Defias hier (Germppieg Thewew) EF oxtp ehh x(F) 15 0 Bancl-Limited Signed with. wy,=W Then XU) con be vuniquely etermined by ib samples X(T) iF i} war Semple © Nyrist Rete Sempling Frequency uy, 22h, o\ 22h a) f, 2 ew] Sauile / we shanlel satisty (Samphig Seuueplingy Rate/Freg, is He Avg HA samples ia Lsee —> SomPleZee\ A lsetingy = X dot Lae Th the Boncl-Limited signal was net sample whet will happer ? a Qtet us Censicler Seupling Rete fo2ha ) which is minimum Case Tle preblen how 1s that te \ Recover The origuel me XW) LM \ han om joleal Lp is ceded GE) TF seupling occwed at [F, 52h] Aliasig ill happen (over ley» in eBban *pec be compewerts) which, will make if imposible be vecever the ovigival xl) Nele Some Signals owe not Bowel -Linitecl in their wecne which will come Aliosing repels of SexPling Frequency beag [fe Betal Solu bin aoe is ke we LPF Ow (At -alein Filter) chore, Sompling to Limit the spectrum @QwSica Re censtracten 2{Tels peloton) oe ee Te ve cover a signe! fem ib saupler we we a LPF wh Chavacteristic shew i> 7 hw hovacheristic Sh 1 _ ath ce > eh) = Lao . xD zsine(srl) THe. (es), | x(t) = ZK) smc amo(¢ 7] Reset Reca) Fe rect (LE, awe Output is molliples Gine) fine at diffent pesitins in(Tie) onol clifferat Amplitacles x07)Practical | Sauphac > Ta practical opplica tin we Cunet generate « train of ideal impulses - Bul we com generate Finite wcll. pulses ancl perform Same Sauphag procedwe ax shew xP xc EE tA, a a Fl. — wi w lat Tep sampling using Sampl/si ect if fl vm > 3G): ga =) — > at des 5 oS wm) —— “EI EL Le nat) = x). 3) ra | Beco s 2G > Cn & Sesinc(™ ee Kw.& + xG)Z Cac) ; use DPF te take ilot al MCF): Exh) 4 5 cx [ince nh) aac)SSS Seumpling Banel pass Signeils ae X eet oe be Seamplings Gose bauel signals ~~ clic. ts woh chuays the case in prachices| applicehiens aN Thee cue ole Bancl pass signals to be sampled. Le Thee is wo Fixed Rule te de pox Ths sampling. we will sche using (K) Rule +4 t , >F an Lewer lee lek Bwe eae bait “Biss £ | 2 &. mek < a “Bw Te Hes cose Sampling depends ow BW cuel &pper Frog ED TF cx lowelpus signal has fy = l2ekHE f s Fe kh Piel Sempoing Frequency needled 7 badic Bw = Ie-%e = Soke ksh. Be way 22 ES ate gue Ie kee ( — Take. 3 Examples From Comte sheetmit) 2 2 cos ( Bett) . Sane br ? one oat e aehe of ml? fe Pine \ C-1e ES ate kuz) PF seapling cer OF bier Then shed is tle oubped of thes ays ten ct) — ‘apa | uw Ch’ race) hebkw Fa a - — 4 oor 4 4? kee pach) one I)»Execeised® TSE tt) c2ces goog lt Cos Mou TE ‘ We 19 Sawplea using vect siqual Then ) c J su i Fiacl spect CemPonents a eey = 6 LA of ; Wa) Rage [25 RRM Seuey Solution From wi) 5 Waitin Frey isi = [sone Fal fof iu frm 3 (4) > Crs mlb 5 27 puse@ :o px “Time Division Multiplexing peat ye oo MY FDM is hasecl on the iolen of shewing He spectrum (oat wers sonal at ail Himes but at clifent Frequencies) This is useful in telephine Gystems where Voice BW is Pixel (3u4kHe) Bab id is a preblan im cther systoms tok howe a Dynamic varying BW suchas the intemet d VIDA is used im such systans become ib is based on He idea of Showing Whe ime clomain. CAML users will get te use He hele spectrum af oliffemb Time slots ) gel fer intemel vy How TBM werks i © Fach signal is paved Heagh Anti-aliasig Filer b limit ih Bw bk Ww emel cweiol Aliasing “Problem @ Fach signal is sampled based on ib Bw @) Signal Samples owe applic te aq Commutoter which was clesiguecl Dasecl on He speed of the sampling vate of each signal Bore shale be EH, | SSO ™ eH s—( 7 _ i Seely aq Ss wet YS PERE) oe — Peep a /eec!) = Comma Ter ee" 3 4 = Ceo TDM sys temCommuteatey Desrqn Cases o> © if atl signels i Same BW (Telephne lve case FRx stuplig Rabe, oP commubak in Spake | es <= Qik signals hove diffeet Bw ———#— mir w, mi) 7h #é ml) : Then sampling Rate shale! be designee! besed om Tiger Trice Max Bw eel Dy oe os \g (ee BF fats tk ¥ a Fy gy 2o Fs taku ae mls) ool mC till be pi Ts on a Rede bigher dob their Myquirt Rete which is ne et TP signals hove iFfevent BW bul these BW ave latbntad velated. The we cam somple @2min(Fn) Fs honor) ze BS ten ee Se oak aoe, i 7 oie: BPrety BPrety f, eu . 5 oy,Thee is ve gonch Toe N NE elven @) ice cll bee, Seampleel Pubes ¢ ede sae signal oS @ #F samples in each Time sleb(GeN GT prachcol Applications we add a pulle ot dle egitinc oF each Time Frame Gis) fe syn chyow tation, PuPoses s so at Ry side He De-commutats Can cletech The begi mening op a Iaee cuc. if dike skiFhig Occuvedk - i als Seen = a a BW oF TDW Signal Bw fou 2 ae in cwe uc) Bw = Nh WZ = 3 — wer fond yee 2 . ersa Fxcuople s> a vadar Signal vai th clave bien ae It’s Maki mun Frequency contest is LKHE, Tf ve Would Like te sample Hus signal » Wheak is the Meamabe! of Samples weeded if Seumpling Rate is 27% cheve Nyquist vate Selution o > — «aw = Qx4k 22k ~5 Nyquist Rate 215% above Nyquist Rete = (+ oax)f = 25ee Sing a Se 7 Se Mumber of semples 2 Qo (ed x doe Senple- a eece Sample / Es) ey ee tas signal XG) = Sine C2 ket). Sine! (Heart) fo fersx (P) = foo Fhe Xf) = eer2ee \ a = Hee Max freq of X(H is > foot Yee = Joo ‘ : ; i oe f, = 2 (See) = eee see 3