Schweizer Norm

Norme suisse
Swiss standard

Construction 505 160

REGISTERED STANDARD OF THE SWISS ASSOCIATION FOR STANDARDIZATION SNV NORME ENREGISTRÉE DE L’ASSOCIATION SUISSE DE NORMALISATION

Swiss Society
of Engineers and Architects
Standard
1989 Edition 160
Actions on structures
Terminology
Safety and Serviceability
Design, Detailing and Verification
Actions

6/1991 Issued by:

Swiss Society of Engineers and Architects
P.O.Box, 8039 Zurich, Telephone +(41) 1/283 15 15, Fax (+41) 1/201 63 35
Sale of Standards and publications Tel. (+41) 1/283 15 60

Copyright © 1991 Zurich by SIA

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Swiss Standard SIA 160 Actions on structures

CONTENTS

Page
0 SCOPE ................................................................................................................................. 3

0 1 LIMITATIONS........................................................................................................................ 3
0 2 EXCEPTIONS ....................................................................................................................... 3

1 TERMINOLOGY ................................................................................................................... 4

1 1 ACTIONS.............................................................................................................................. 4
1 2 NOTATION............................................................................................................................ 4

2 SAFETY AND SERVICEABILITY ......................................................................................... 7

2 1 PRINCIPLES......................................................................................................................... 7
2 2 SAFETY................................................................................................................................ 7
2 21 Principles .............................................................................................................................. 7
2 22 Hazard scenarios................................................................................................................... 7
2 23 Safety plan............................................................................................................................ 8
2 3 SERVICEABILITY ................................................................................................................. 8
2 31 Principles .............................................................................................................................. 8
2 32 Service states ....................................................................................................................... 9
2 33 Utilisation plan....................................................................................................................... 9

3 DESIGN, DETAILING AND VERIFICATlON ......................................................................... 10

3 1 PRINCIPLES......................................................................................................................... 10
3 2 STRUCTURAL SAFETY ....................................................................................................... 10
3 21 Concept................................................................................................................................. 10
3 22 Self-weight of the load-bearing structure ............................................................................... 11
3 23 Predominant action ............................................................................................................... 12
3 24 Accompanying actions........................................................................................................... 12
3 25 Design value of the action effect ........................................................................................... 13
3 26 Overall stability ..................................................................................................................... 14
3 3 SERVICEABILITY ................................................................................................................. 14
3 31 Concept................................................................................................................................. 14
3 32 Action effects ........................................................................................................................ 15
3 33 Deformations......................................................................................................................... 15
3 34 Vibrations .............................................................................................................................. 17
3 4 SAFETY AGAINST FATIGUE................................................................................................ 18
3 41 Concept................................................................................................................................. 18
3 42 Action effects ........................................................................................................................ 18

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Swiss Standard SIA 160 Actions on structures

Page
4 ACTIONS.............................................................................................................................. 20

4 01 SELF-WEIGHT OF NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS .......................................................... 20

4 02 GROUND ACTIONS ............................................................................................................. 21
4 03 PRESTRESS ........................................................................................................................ 22
4 04 IMPOSED LOADS IN BUILDINGS ........................................................................................ 23
4 05 SNOW .................................................................................................................................. 27
4 06 WIND .................................................................................................................................... 31
4 07 TEMPERATURE ................................................................................................................... 39
4 08 LOADS DUE TO PEDESTRIANS AND CYCLISTS ............................................................... 42
4 09 ROAD TRAFFIC LOADS....................................................................................................... 43
4 10 RAIL TRAFFIC LOADS ON STANDARD-GAUGE LINES ...................................................... 49
4 11 RAIL TRAFFIC LOADS ON NARROW-GAUGE LINES......................................................... 56
4 12 LOADS FROM OVERHEAD TRAVELLING CRANES............................................................ 60
4 13 FRICTION AND RECOVERY FORCES AT SUPPORT BEARINGS ...................................... 65
4 14 FORCES ON GUARD RAILS ................................................................................................ 67
4 15 IMPACT ................................................................................................................................ 68
4 16 DERAILMENT ....................................................................................................................... 70
4 17 FIRE ..................................................................................................................................... 72
4 18 EXPLOSION ........................................................................................................................ 73
4 19 EARTHQUAKE ..................................................................................................................... 74

ANNEX
A1 Tables of weights per unit volume, weights per unit area and angles of repose ...................... 85
A2 Table of wind force and pressure coefficients......................................................................... 88
A3 Maps for snow, wind and earthquake..................................................................................... 111

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Members of the SIA Commission 160 – «Actions on structures»
Chairman Prof. Dr. M Hirt, Ing. SIA, Lausanne
Vice-chairman: K. Zimmermann, Ing. SIA, Bern
Members: W. Altermatt, Ing. SIA, Chur
Prof. Dr. H. Bachmann, Ing. SIA, Zurich
R. Bachmann, Ing. SIA, Cheseaux-Noréaz
Prof. F. Descoeudres, Ing. SIA, Lausanne
M. Donzel, Ing. SIA, Bern
H.-U. Frey, Ing. SIA, Bussigny
R. Hauser, Ing. SIA, Bern
Dr. P. Lüchinger, Ing. SIA, Zurich
P. Matt, Ing. SIA, Ittigen
E. Rey, Ing. SIA, Zollikofen
Dr. B. Rouvé, Ing. SIA, Vevey
M. Tschumi, Ing. SIA, Bern
Dr. U. Vollenweider, Ing. SIA, Zurich
Technical coordinat ion: Dr. J.-P. Lebet, Ing. SIA, Lausanne
Dr. P. Lüchinger, Ing. SIA, Zurich
M. Mingard, Ing. SIA, Rennaz

Members of Working Groups:

R. Ackermann, Chur Dr. J.-P. Jaccoud, Lausanne R. Schmid, Bern

Dr. W. Ammann, Schaan Dr. J. Jaquemoud, Sion T. Schneider, Zurich
Dr. R. Bez, Lausanne H. Kuhn, Bern W. Siegfried, Zurich
M. Buffs, Genève H.G. Locher, Boll U. Stiefel, Basel
R. Cantieni, Dübendorf A. Maissen, Dübendorf Dr. J. Studer, Zurich
Dr. J. Chapuis †, Lausanne Dr. J. Martinez Davos Prof. Dr. H. Thomann, Zurich
Prof. M.H. Derron †, Lausanne Dr. R. Mathys, Biel Dr. P. Valko, Zurich
Prof. Dr. P. Dubas, Feldmeilen Dr. M. Matousek, Zurich Dr. F. Vuilleumier. Lausanne
M.A. Gautschi, Zurich Dr. D. Mayer-Rosa, Zurich R. Weibel, Lausanne
Dr. J.A. Hertig, Lausanne Dr. B. Primault, Zurich Dr. W. Wüthrich, Zurich
H.-P. Huber, Brugg R. Sägesser, Zurich B. Wyss, Bern
Prof. Dr. J. Huder, Zurich Dr. B. Salm, Davos Dr. B. Zimmerli. Horw

Translation into English

Brian Kerridge, C. Eng., Ing. SIA, prepared the initial English translation based on the final draft of the French version.

Members of the SIA Commission 160 and of the Working Groups reviewed individual chapters. Paul Gauvreau reviewed the
entire translation. The following people, amongst others, also provided valuable comments on the English text: P.C. Aasheim,
Dr. K.J. Eaton, J.-P. Favre, J.R. Mayne, Dr. H. Ruscheweyh, Prof. J. Schneider, Dr. J.E. Spindel and S. Zingg.

Rosemarie Barraud checked the accuracy of the initial translation against the published French version. Simon F. Bailey, Ing.
SIA, was responsible for the intergration of all comments into the text and the harmonization of technical expressions and
terminology.

This document was editet at ICOM of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. The camera-ready document was preparded
by J. Lécureux and A.-L. Jossevel.

Prof. Manfred A. Hirt, the chairman of the SIA Commission 160, was responsible for the overall coordination of the transla-
tion.

Coming into effect

SIA standart 160 – «Actions on structures» was approved by the SIA delegates at the general assembly held on
18 November 1988 in Bern.

This standart comes into effect on 1 June 1989.

The presiden of the SIA: Prof. Dr. J.-C. Badoux

The secretary general : C. Reinhart

Copyright  1991 Zurich by SIA