Depuis x Pendant et pour

   Depuis quand étudiez-vous le français ?

   How long have you studied French?

   J'étudie le français depuis 3 ans.

   I've studied French for 3 years (and still do).

   J'étudie le français depuis 2009.

   I've been studying French since 2009.

Depuis can also indicate something that was occurring in the past when it
was interrupted by some other action. In French, this is stated with
the imparfaitplus passé composé; in English, the past perfect progressive
plus simple past.

   Depuis combien de temps dormais-tu quand je suis arrivé ? 

 
   How long had you been sleeping when I arrived?

   Il vivait en France depuis 2 ans quand je l'ai vu.

   He'd been living in France for two years when I saw him.

Pendant means "for" and refers to the entire duration of an action in the

past or future, with no relation to the present.

   Pendant combien de temps avez-vous étudié le français ?  

   How long did you study French?

   J'ai étudié le français pendant 3 ans.

   I studied French for 3 years (and then stopped).

   Je vais habiter en France pendant 2 mois

I'm going to live in France for 2 months.

Pendant followed by a noun means "during." In this sense, it is

synonymous with durant.

   J'ai vu un film pendant mon séjour.

   I saw a film during my stay.

   Pendant ce temps, il m'attendait.

   During this time, he waited for me.
Pour can express the duration of an event only in the future. Note
that pendantcould also be used in all of these.

   Je vais y habiter pour 2 mois. 

   I'm going to live there for 2 months.

   Il étudiera en Europe pour 3 ans.

   He'll study in Europe for 3 years.
Le projet est suspendu pour un an.
   The project is suspended for a year.

Although the verb in the final example is not in the future, the use of pour indicates that
the one-year suspension is either about to start or is currently underway. If the
suspension had already occurred, you would have to use pendant:

   Le projet a été suspendu pendant un an.

   The project was suspended for a year.