GATETest House Chemical Engineering
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Chemical Engineering
N Y)
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING “100 Formula Sheet”
In case of any technical doubt you can write us: expertadvice@gatetesthouse.com
Please Note that GTH provides only GATE Important formula on the basis of GATE previous years pattern.
All basic formula of chemical engineering subject must be known to the student before referring this
sheet. For details on it kindly refer any text book, Q-Days and solution of Tests.
Mere eens
#1. Characterization of solid particles:
Sphertcity 0, = °F
phericity 0, = 5
Number of particles N = —"—
Prvp
Total surf f particles A = N. om
‘otal surface area of particles A = Nsp = —
a ? ~ O.Depp
equivalent diameter or nominal diameter of particle
irface area of one particle
vp = volume of one particle
‘m & ppz=are the total mass of the sample and the density of the particles, respectively
Specific surface Area Ay =
Xj = mass fraction in a given increment
n= number of increments
Dp, =avg particle dia, taken as arithmetic avg of smallest and largest particle diameters in increment
Arithmetic mean diameter Dy —
Ni= number of particles in each fraction
Ny =is the number of particles in the entire sample
Mass mean diameter Dy »)
Volume mean diameter Dy
‘cle in mi 1
Number of particle in mix Ny =——---, where a volume shape factor =
appD*y Dp
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Chemical Engineering
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING “100 Formula Sheet”
In case of any technical doubt you can write us: expertadvice@aatetesthouse.com
inf 4
d,
E(i.kg") = the energy required per mass of feed (W/(ka/s))
4d; (m) = the average initial size of pieces,
d; (m) = the average size of ground particles
i/d,= the size reduction ratio (RR) and is used to evaluate the relative performance of different types of
‘equipment. Coarse grinding has RRs below 8:1, whereas in fine grinding, ratios can exceed 100:1
Kick’s law gives reasonably good results for coarse grinding in which there is a relatively small increase in
surface area per unit mass.
Kick’staw: B=
persion: BK 1-1)
ah
Kp = Rittinger’s constant,
Rittinger’s law gives better results with fine grinding where there is a much larger increase in surface area
E_ fio0_ fico
Bond’s law: Ww d, d,
W (J kg-1) = the Bond Work Index (40,000-80,000 J kg-1 for hard foods Such as sugar or grain)
1 (m) = diameter of sieve aperture that allows 80% of the mass of the feed to pass
2 (m) = diameter of sieve aperture that allows 80% of the mass of the ground material to pass.
Let F, D, and B be the mass flow/rates of feed, overflow, and underflow, respectively, and Xs, Xo,
and Xs be the mass fractions of material A in the streams. The mass fractions of material B in
the feed, overflow, and underflow are 1- xy, 1- Xo, and 1- Xs.
Undersize: fines, pass through the screen openings
Oversize: tails, do not pass
F=D+B
Fixe = Dp + BX5
Ex is the screen effectiveness based on the oversize= Dxo/ Fxr
‘An effectiveness Ey based on the undersize materials is = B(1-xa)/ F(1-Xe)
Combined overall effectiveness E= Eas
(yp ~ Xp) %p ~ X¥)Xp1~ X 5)
Be Bae yas) Ap )Xr
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Chemical Engineering
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING “100 Formula Sheet”
In case of any technical doubt you can write us: expertadvice@gatetesthouse.com
Screen analysis
* Standard screens are used to measure the size (and size distribution) of particles in the size range
between about 3 and 0.0015in (76mm and 38m m).
* Screen is identified by meshes per inch, c.g. 10mesh, Dp = 1/10 = 0.1in.
* The area of the openings in any one screen in the series is exactly twice that of the openings in the
next smaller screen. The ratio of the actual mesh dimension of any screen to that of the next
smaller screen is V2=1.41,
* Analysis using standard screen: Screens are arranged serially in a stack, with the smallest mesh at
the bottom and the largest at the top. Materials are loaded at top and then shacked for a period of
time (e.g. 20 minutes).
* 14/20: through 14 mesh and on 20 mesh
Critical speed = N,
1
2a
Re radius of mill
r= radius of grinding elements
9 gravity acceleration
Tumbling mills run at 65 to 80% of the critical speed.
r+d
T+R
cosa =
Re radius of feed particle
Pressure drop through incompressible filter cake
dp _150pu(1—e)? _ 4.17 Hu(1— CP /yp)?
dL [Cee a
A 150(1—£) 4.171 — CP /yp)*
pum, pp(OsDp)*€* ppet
Specific cake resistance (a) =
Pm
wu
ame
Overall pressure drop (Ap) = Ap. + APm = Hu(—G* + Rm)
Filter medium resistance (Ry
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Chemical Engineering
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING “100 Formula Sheet”
In case of any technical doubt you can write us: expertadvice@aatetesthouse.com
wressure drop over cake
‘Ap =pressure drop over medium
