EMPHASIS

(DẠNG NHẤN MẠNH)

Khi muốn câu có ý thuyết phục hơn và nghĩa mạnh hơn nguời ta dùng hình thức nhấn mạnh
(emphasis).
1. Nhấn mạnh trong phát âm (Emphasis in pronunciation)
Khi muốn nhấn mạnh một từ, ta đọc từ đó mạnh hơn, lớn hơn hoặc với ngữ điệu cao hơn. Ta cũng có
thể kéo dài nguyên âm hoặc ngưng lại trước từ được nhấn mạnh.
2. Nhấn mạnh trong cách viết (Emphasis in writing)
a. Động từ (verbs)

DO/ DOES/ DID + V(bare-inf.)

Ex: John visited her yesterday.  John did visit her yesterday.
I like coffee.  I do like coffee.
b. Tính từ (adjectives)
It is/ was + adj. + to-infinitive

Ex: Travelling by air is fast.  It is fast to travel by air.

Learning a foreign language is necessary.
 It is necessary to learn a foreign language.
We found that getting a visa was impossible.
 We found that it was impossible to get a visa.
c. Danh từ, đại từ hoặc trạng từ (nouns, pronouns or adverbs)
- Để nhấn mạnh danh từ hoặc đại từ ta có thể dùng các đại từ nhấn mạnh (emphatic pronouns) myself,
yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, themselves. Đại từ nhấn mạnh thường đứng ngay sau từ được
nhấn mạnh hoặc đứng cuối câu.
Ex: Ted himself broke the news to me.
I myself am wrong.
- Để nhấn mạnh trạng từ ta đưa trạng từ ra đầu câu và đảo ngữ.
Ex: Rarely has a new film produced such positive reviews.
- Để nhấn mạnh danh từ, đại từ hoặc trạng từ ta cũng có thể dùng cấu trúc

It is/ was + ... + that/ who ...

Ex: England won the World – Cup in 1966

 It was England that won the World – Cup in 1966
I love you.  It is you that/ who I love.
The accident happened last night.
 It was last night that the accident happened
Lưu ý dạng câu có 2 mệnh đề như sau:
Ex: I need water. I don’t need milk.  It is water, not milk that I need.
I saw Hoa. I didn’t see Lan.  It was Hoa, not Lan that I saw.
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d. Commands (Câu mệnh lệnh)
- Câu mệnh lệnh khẳng định (Affirmative commands)
DO + V(bare-inf.)

Ex: Listen to me, please.  Do listen to me, please.

Visit us some time.  Do visit us some time.
- Câu đề nghị phủ định (Negative commands)
DON’T YOU + V(bare-inf.)

Ex: Don’t talk in class.  Don’t you talk in class.

Don’t make too much noise.  Don’t you make too much noise.
EXERCISES
Rewrite the sentences with an emphasis on the underlined words.
1. Ted broke the news to me.
2. Knowing your limitations is important.
3. They want money. They don’t want affection.
4. He misunderstood my intentions.
5. I remembered her name after she had gone.
6. I did my English test very well.
7. Does Mary wash up everyday?
8. She first heard the news from Francis.
9. I get along with him perhaps because he’s a misfit.
10. We need pilots, not ground staff.
11. Prices will go up. This is certain.
12. To be early is better.
13. Peter lent us money. Paul didn’t.
14. We found that getting a visa was impossible.
15. He’s going today.
16. We ordered wine. We didn’t order beer.
17. Bad roads don’t cause accidents. Speed does.
18. Teasing animals is cruel.
19. Mastering a second language takes time and practice.
20. I loved you.
21. I love you.
22. I love you.
23. It happened in 1966, not in 1967.
24. England won the World Cup in 1966.
25. We enjoyed ourselves.
26. Does Mr. Smith want to visit us?
27. Income tax will be reduced. This is unlikely.
28. The countryside is most beautiful in autumn.
29. The teacher wishes you worked more than you talked.
30. Napoleon was finally defeated in Waterloo.
31. I am wrong.
32. I saw Ann. I didn’t see Mary.
33. John took your book. He told me so.
34. Remember to lock the door before you leave.
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35. We reached Istanbul by train.
36. Being a hostess in fun.
37. I think that taking up yoga is not a good idea.
38. Be careful.
39. He was kind to help me.
40. Mrs. Jones spends too much time making up.
41. You’re mistaken.
42. Visit us again some time.
43. Don’t make too much noise.
44. I did my English test very well.
45. You can succeed only by hard work.
46. The smoke from factory chimneys polluted the air.
47. My mother made this cake.
48. I enjoy traveling.
49. David teaches in a Technical College.
50. Help me solve this problem.

ĐÁP ÁN
1. It was Ted that broke the news to me./ Ted himself broke the news to me.
2. It is important to know your limitations.
3. It is money, not affection that they want.
4. He did misunderstand my intentions.
5. It was after she had gone that I remembered her name.
6. I did do my English test very well.
7. Is it Mary that wash up everyday?/ Does Mary herself wash up everyday?
8. It was from Francis that she first heard the news.
9. It is perhaps because he’s a misfit that I get along with him.
10. It is pilots, not ground staff that we need.
11. It is certain that prices will go up.
12. It is better to be early.
13. It was Peter himself not Paul that lent us money.
14. We found it impossible to get a Visa.
15. It is today that he is going.
16. We ordered wine itself. We didn’t order beer.
17. Bad roads don’t cause accidents. Speed itself does.
18. It is cruel to tease animals.
19. It takes time and practice to master a second language.
20. I did love you.
21. I myself love you.
22. I love you yourself.
23. It was in 1966, not in 1967 that it happened.
24. It was England that won the World Cup in 1966.
25. We did enjoy ourselves.
26. Does Mr. Smith want to visit ourselves?
27. It is unlikely that income tax will be reduced.
28. It is in autumn that the countryside is most beautiful.
29. The teacher does wish you worked more than you talked.
30. It was in Waterloo that Napoleon was finally defeated.
31. I myself am wrong.

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32. It was Ann, not Mary that I saw.
33. John did take your book. He told me so.
34. Do remember to lock the door before you leave.
35. It was by train that we reached Istanbul.
36. It is fun to be a hostess.
37. I think it’s not a good idea to take up yoga.
35. Do be careful.
36. It was very kind of him to help me.
37. It takes Mrs. Jones too much time to make up.
38. You are mistaken.
39. Do visit us again some time.
40. Don’t you make too much noise.
44. I did do my English test very well.
45. Only by hard work can you succeed.
46. It was the smoke from factory chimneys that polluted the air.
47. My mother made this cake itself.
48. I do enjoy travelling.
49. David himself teaches in a Technical College.
50. Do help me solve this problem.