DO MOT NHOM GIAO-SU, SINH-VIEN BAI-HOC SU-PHAM, SAI-GON CHU-TRU'ONG : HOANG-XUAN-HAN @ Nhitng loi thé cha Lé-Loi = NGUYEN-PHU'ONG @ ba lich-st . . . , ( LAM-THANH-LIEM @ Thir phae-hoa nhirng nét dai-cwong vé Dia-ly hinh-thé efia Nam-Phan Viét-Nam . PHAN-KHOANG P @ Luo str ehé-d6 x4-thon 6 Viét-Nam PHAM-VAN-SON | i @ Xét lai nguyén-nhan ede vu loan duéi doi < Tu-Dire PHU-LANG, TRUONG-BA-PHAT @ Tinh Dinh-Twong ngay xwaSU-DBIA TAP-SAN SUU-TAM KHAO-CU'U, GIAO-KHOA 221, Céng-Hia — SAI-GON Hép thu: 380 BAN CHU BIEN : Nguyén-thé-Anh, Buu-Caém, Phan-Khoang, Lam-thanh- Ligém, Pham-van-Son, Thdi-viét-Bigu, Pham-cao-Duong, Phi-Lang, Quéch-thanh-Tém, Tran-dang-Bai, Phgm-dinh- Tiéu, Nguyén-khdc-Ngi, Phgm-long-Bién, Traén-anh-Tudn, Nguyén-thdi-An, Tran-quéc-Gidm, Lan-Bai, Nguyén-sao-Mai. VG SU’ CONG.TAC THUO'NG-XUYEN CUA : Hodng-xuan-Han, Chen-ching-Ho, Thich-thign-An, lé-van-Hao, Nguyén-van-Hau, Ta-trong-Hiép, Nguyén- trén-Huan, Pham-vaén-Diéu, Biu-Ké, Nguyén-khdc-Kham, Truong-btu-Lam, Lé-hu-Myc, Nguyén-Phuong, Ho-hiv- Tung, Lé-tho-Xudn, U'ng-Trinh, Nghiém-Tham, Té-Nam, Bui-quang-Tung. BAN TRI-SU' : Nguyén-Nha, Nguyén-nhyt-Tén, Nguyén-ngoc-Tréc, Tran-dinh-Tho, — Nguyén-hitu-Phuéc, © Nguyén-thi-Nghta, Pham-thi Bac-Ha, Huynh-thj Kim-Cuc, Pham-thi Kim-Cuc. Thur tiv, bai vé, tidn bac xin giki : NGUYEN-NHA aar, Céhg:Hoa —- Sai-gdnLa thu téa soan t. I xi ta, shch sit dia da hidm, tap chi o® dia Iai ang hidm hon néu khéng ndi mat cdch chua chat la khong cb. Thii Phap thuic, cin cb ly do, bay gir sao Iai ubw ghd dwoe? Trude day tuy uhdm muc dich khing may 16 dep, mét sé cde tap chi do ngwéi Phdp chi trong cing da dé Ini nhieng cong trinh nghién ctu sie dia cb gid tri nhw Bulletin de la Société des Etudes Indochinoises, Bulletin d’Ecole Francaise d’Extréme-Orient, Bulletin des Amis du vieux Hue, Bulletin de la Société de Géographie de Hanoi... Treée thye trang hién tai, Tap San Sit Bia va doi voi oe mong thic ddy sw phat tridn ngank sie dia va tiép tue Lin dé nhieng trang lich sib. Tép San Sit Dia chi trwong nghién cin, sen tim, gido Khoa va pho biéw. Tap San cf ging gép nhat cdc tai itu hién tin mac va £6 the’ dio sau mbt vdn ad gi, rink bay theo mot chi de. Tap San st cb gdug tim cde tai liu sdag, cde tai liéw quan sdt tai ché. Tuy véi dueong 18: khdch quan sit hoc Tip San khong quén sit la ngudn sink hee tink thin quéc gia, Tap Sau sé ci’ ging khai the ede AB tai cd tinh cach khoi déng lang tue hao dan téc nhw lam sing 16 ede sur nghitp cia che dank hin, nheng see thee lick sit luin dug tén trong. Tap San mong moi dirgc su hop tde cia moi ngesi. Taj San khong quén cim ta se gitp do qui bau vt tai chsh cia Ong Gidm déc nha sich Khai Tri vac se khuyén kitch eta Ong Khoa Trung Bai Hoc Sw Pham Sai-gon, cing tdt cd nhieng ai da gitp de Tap San. Khéi diu Tap San sé ra ba thing mét kj, mét ngay gin day Tap San sz dwoc dn hank hai thang hay mét thing mét ky khi hoin cdnk cho phép. . Con dong phung sw con dai, tip san nguyen cd gang va bay gid xin bdt tay vio vide. , TAP SAN SU BIAYai lei gidi thidu cha Ong. Khoa- Grucng Dai-Pose Su-Pham Saigon € HUONG 160i rat ldy lim mieng khi thdy mbt nhém gido se va sink vién Bai Hoe Swe Pham Sai-gon dye dink du hank Tap San Ste Din véi sw cong the réng rai cha ede hoc gid trong va ngoai nwéc. Sie kiéu nay phai chang da dauh dda mét se chuyén minh cia ngank sit dia & Vide Nam, muén von mink én trong cuée phét hay nen vin kéa. Béla didu ching toi mong mdi va mong rang uhieng bac hien trhch vé vin ida sé len tim Khuyén khich. Tip San Sie Dia bwée dau chde chwa c6 thé lim hai ling moi ugwei, wlueng vei si Khuyén khich cha gidi hien trach va sw Inedug ing hop tde cha gibi hor gid xa gan, ching 161 hy vong Tap San sém tré nbn cé gid tri va sé ding gép mét phin nao trong cong cube xdy dung nganh sir dia. Nhieng ngwoi chi trong mét Tap San nghién cou niu Tap San Sit Dia chic s¢ phai gip whit khd Khan, hung véi thién cht va long tin, ching 161 tin rang ho s@ di dén thanh cong. Sit dia la mét ngank khéng ai cé thé chéi cai Ta ngudn sink tive cha tith thin quéc gia. Hon bao giv hét, ching ti -whdn thdy nginh nay cin phai duoc khuyén hich phat tridn. Vi thé ching t6i uhén thdy cb bd phan phai gibi thidu thién cht cita whdm ngwor cha trwong Tap San va mong cb se tro gitp cu thé cia gibi hiew trdch vé vénhéa, cia nhitng ngwdi thidt tha dén ngank nay. Khoa Trudng Bgi Hoc Su Pham Sdi-gdn TRAN VAN TANNHUNG LOI THE CUA LE-LOI (VAN NOM BAU THE.Ki 15) © Hoang Xuan-Han J.— BAN SAO KIEU-BAi Nam 1943, theo hoe-sinh trudng Budi tance vio Thanh-hoa, 13; thuig 06 nhip v6i vidng dén Vua Lé & thin Kitu-dai caoh phia nam tinh thinh, Dén tuy rdng lon, cd vé eB-kinh, 03 nding twgng oS Ion nhie hae coi ria vA phéng ding huong, hung hinh nhur din khdng cd bi ki hoie it-tich gi khie ding ki. Ay vi ngdi déa niy nguyen dyng & Thing-tong, duge ddi vio diy khong diu ddi Gia long (1). Tuy se dy da Lim tdi hoi thit vong, nhung tdi vin lim quen voi eeu tir» git din ny. Tri qua nhidw gid tr chuyén khSn-thidt do la, t8i vin mong tim thy. sich thn gily ci gi tr dbi La sét Ii, Mot hém, sau khi phin-nin voi cu sy ngiy ham truée tdi da vatevi cuéi xe dap viéng Lam-son ma khdng thiv gisny myc gi xua, cy th ding day vio nha trong. Chéc lit cy mang ra mét quyén sich nh8, ding hinh khéng ca miy. Cy trao sich cho tai vira bio dé Ja mot ban sao sich citi chép sy-tich cde vua Le Tai gid sich ra doc, thay & trang du cé ghi 3: Bao-dai Inc aién tué thie Tanvi bat nynyét thip tam whit thira sao, nghig Ta ving Tei sao bi ngay 13 thing 8 nim Bio-dgi thé 6, Tan vi (1931). Nhung khang cho biét ving loi ai, Sau mgt bai ca tint dé Liréug quic lap ding-try tyr thé en nghia Ti bai ca hai nude (Vig vi Minh) Hap cot ding vi th8 cing nhau, vi sau hai bai tho chir Hin cd tinh cach stu-ki, nhig trang sau chép chuyén ce yua Lé gin nhw trong sit, nhung vi vai tlh-efch gia ph8 hon, vi nw chép tén mé-dja, ngiy ki Khi toi da bit dtu thit vong, thi vio Khoing to hai nuroi tam, tdi thay chép mgt bii vin th? cia Le-Loi, rai liga sau, lai ndi hai bai the cna cing cia LéLoi nhung lai bing chir ndm. Sau cudi co mét bai ngio 3nita chit nita nim, cing ghi vai clu th8 ofa Lé-Loi. Toi sitng-sdt vd clog; Bin-khoin khang dit, Roi tdi dinh thin lai dge ki che Idi the dy. Tan. thiy 26 6 niu dic dim cd le xdc-thye, cho nan tdi bin sao Iai rit ki-ing.. Sau diy, t8i chi xin trinh che [bi th? cfia Lé-Lgi, abit JA che ba ndm. Néu qua ring cc bhi ném nay 0b ty doi Lé-Loi, va khéng bi sae Jai thit-chin, thi day 1a hign-vjt dgc-nhit cda Videngik trudc nay gid 550 nim. Theo théi xua, vin khéng cb chim cau. Sau day, tdi ty phin-tich ngbia mi chia Idi, céch chim clu cita tdi chua chée di khdicd noi khdng ding 2.— HAI THE-VAN NOM Bi A: LOI GOL CONG THAN CUNG THE NHO ON LE-LAE La Uing-ton (a) da é chi-huy (c) day ring: Thién hanh hoa... (b) Thdi-t8.Cao hoang- Ké lam cong-thaa cing Tram biy nhiéu!. Ching bay da chju kho nhoc ma ihrye awéc ta. Ching bay di chiu khd cong. cung Trim doi khat ma lp nén thién ha, dés co ngay ray. Chi-thich + nguyén Khéng cé a8 niye, (6i Ait de muc tom tae. dai y. Sau day tdi cha gid mot vai chit kh6 higu ho}e kh’ ughi : Mays xem ban ném 6 phy truong. a) Lé-ting-l6n: trd Lé-Lgi, thuge déi tht tw trong. gia-phd ho Lé- Thiy-td la H6i, 1a tng 18 Lé-Lei. Bei th hai A Binh, doi thie ba le Khoang, 1a thin phu Lé-Loi, b) Bai Thién hank héa: mot céng-thire ding trong vio lign-quan dées vua, va nghia Ja thay Trdi day din, Nhitng chim litn di duc ding. @B tr5 186i da nhi¢ng chit phai ton kink, nhu Thién, Thai-t6. ©) Chi uy : tar ng dang dau doi L¢.d8 ud sw qui-dinh cia vua. Trong d¢i Lé-tThinh-Tong, ai ra sdc chi. Theo Dai Vi¢l sit-ki lodn Lhur thi ngiy mong 8 thing giéng nfm ki-ddu (1429) vaa «chi huy cho dai thin. vin. vii cing cte 16, pha, huyén, chau, tein ring hé ai cé vide dén quoéc: vuong vA Hoang-thai-tir thi dang chit khdi chit khong duge ding chit dn; xung hé thi néi Quéc-vuong dién-ha va Hoang-tir dién-ha ; néu qude— wuong ¢6 tuyén cio higu lgnh thi ding Quév-vicong, « @uge ding chit sdc» quyén 10 te 64). 4ama duge phi ‘phi, Ching bay cling hai oho cong Lé-Lai (d) hay hét loog vi Trim ma ddi ao cho Tram, chdog co tige mink cuny TrAm, chin chét thay Tram. Cong ay ching c& thay! Trim da tang Lé-Lai 6 trong #8n Lam, d@ mai ngay cho con chéu Lé-Lai 6 hét long cing .eon chau Trim. Thé vay cho kéo (e) long thuong a6. Ching bay tray8n bao con chau ching hay (g), ching dai ‘En cimg con chéu ching bay (g): vi vay cong Lé-Lai dy ching -ei thay! Cho dén con chau Trém, ma quén on nha Lé-Lai thi cho <{b) trong thio-dién (1) nay nén nude, trong dén may nén rirog. @) Lé-Lai, ngwoi d& tie hisink gitip Lé-Loi khi méi khéi nghia. Lam~ ‘son thit-luc chép:« Bay gid (vdo khodng diu nim Mdu-Tudt 1418), qudn ta chi thing dwge irén nhé, ma thé dich dong manh, Vua bén trigu cdc tuéng bao rang: « Ai chia doi ly hodng-bdo thay Trdm ciim 500 qudn, hai voi dén dénh thanh Téy-dé ? Thiy gic thi chéng vd h6 danh ta dag 44 chita Lamson, khién gite bdt lay. Ta sé cé thé ndu déu nghi dink, tha tap quan-st, dé tinh viée nbi ddy ve sau » Cac tréng khong ai dam tra loi. “Chi cé mgt minh Lé-Lai noi: « Toi tyr ngnyén ddi_mlic do bdo. Nody -sau, Bé-hq sé thank nghiép dé, Udy duoc thién-ha, thi sé turéng céng tdi, vd on chéu mudn doi sau sé dye on mebc. Bé la nguyén tdi» Vaa vdi frei khdn ring: « Lé-Lai tréo doi do cé céng. Néu ngdy sau Trdm va tén -diét, cling con chau twéng té vd céng (hin khéng dén céng ay, thi thé rang thdo dién thanh ritng nui, bdo-tn thanh (khdi) dng, thin kiém thank dao -bdn in, trang 8 truée, chép thanh dao binh, chdc sai). Vua khéin wong, Lé-Lai bén ciim quan dén cita gic khiéa chi€én. Gide cdy quén magnh, rong za ddnh, Lé-Lai cuéi phi-ma xéng vdo tran gilic, bdo rang: « chia Lam-sor dd ta day». Gide ben vdy, bal ldy dem vao trong thank, gia cue hinh, hoa dn ngay thudng lam.» (Ban in déi nim dau Vink-Tri, 1676, te 8), e) Kéo; khdi, tranh khdi, 8) Ching bay ; tiémg chting bay truée tré céc cong thin, tiéng sau ad cae dai thin. h) Thi cho ; thi danh chju,Nhwge (i) ching bay nho bing (k) loi Trdm, thi nguy8in cho con chdu Trim cing con chan ching bay phi qui. Nhuge di (i) ai hay nhé bing loi Trim, dy thi thay kiém nay xuéng nwéc thi cho nén rong. Ai 16i loi nguy&r thi dong (m) Zy nén dao. Cho thé ching bay cing nhé bing loi ch tuong thé, Ti lé-gidm sy ddng-tri-lé, thin, Nguyén Bon phung sao tng cong thin ting-ton cdc chip nh&t dao (n). i) Nhuoe, nhuge di: mhuge 1a chit Han nghia la néu. Nay cing néi nhuge bing, hoc di, hofe di bing. Kk) Nhé bang : nho nhy, oho ding hw. 1) Thdo-dién : nguyén viét, don dién, Fim vi ty-dang. Phai doc thdo+ dién nhw théy trong Lam-son thdt-Iue (xem d) hay trong bai B. m) Bdng : ndm viét Bdng. Boc ddng thi vo nghYa, Bong 1a guom dai va nhon. Ho%e 1A nguyén chit kiém, ké sao a% Jam. . n) Nghia la: Toi, Nguyén Bon, giit chite ddng-tri-Ié (ddng nghia nhu- pho) & ti coi vide 18, vang loi vua (Lé-thanh-téng) sao Iai, giao cho cic ng tén cia cdc céng-thin, mdi ngwéi gitt mot ban (hang con Lé-thanh— tong IA hang tlng-tén Lé-Loi), * Bai B: LOI THE CUNG TUONG st QUAN NHAN (némy oes Thai-t8 Cao hoang-dé, Trim tink Lé, huy Loi, dai Thién hank héa, phi tri bang gia (a). Vi vay, Trém nguyén chy tréng,. hda-thi (b), Thigt-dot (c) quan-nhan ding: Chii-thich : a) Phii tri bang gia: v6-vé cai-tri noe. b) Héa thi; nguyen sao Vim chit Aéa ra chit thir vi ty-dang. Trong- bin chép moi Bai Vigl Théng-sik (L8 Qui-Bén) cla H. Maspéro ciing lim ahr vay & nhidu noi, : Sach Toda thir chép vao nam Mgu-thin 1428, thang 12, ngay 12, « chi. huy ring cae vé-quin au @ht Ada-thé lam chanh phé ngu-trudng » nghia 6Hé ké lam céng-thin 6 cing Trim mA dugc thién hal Chung (d) sau thién-ha théi-binh, thi Trém nhé dén cong-thin chu tuéng hét long strc, danh try8n d8 muén doi, vinh thiy tric bach (e); cho ching (4) sau, con chan Tram cing con chéu chi twong déu duge hign vinh, hwéng chung phic loc. Du b’ kia hay can, mii ng hay bang, thi cong dy. Trim ching kha quén che trong, Di Tram chang bing (f) loi ngayén ay vay, thi tray8n cho con chau trim nhw Idi Ay. Trim nguyén bing (f): Thao diéa nén ritng, dién nay nén nude, nui nay nén bing (g), in nay nén dong, kiém nay’ nén s&t, yA lam chénh ya phd coi mot nhom nim ngwoi quan (te GL trang sau). Ciing cing to dy, sich dy di chép 3 trang tric, thang 8, «chi huy ring ai hda dau lam chanh phé ngy-trudng ». Y chirng héa-thi va hda-tiu 1a mot vA nguyén tré finh 16 h&u cic tuéng, cde quan (Ti-nguyén, Ada-déu), sau ciing trd ngioi dita bép. Bau Goi Lé, chéc dé 1A mét chite vd-quan cav.cap chit khdng phai chi coi nim ngwoi ma théi; vi theo Théng-sir nhitng twong-quin Lé Nhan-Cha, Trinh Kha, Lé-Li, Lé van-An, Lé Than au duoc ban chive Thiétddt-quan hda-thi hic ban diu moi khdi nghia; va Todn-thu chép ring thang 2 nam Mgu-than 1428 qui-dinh thong cho 221 ngwoi Thiétdél Ada-thit qudn-nhdn di cin lao cé céng & Liing-nhai (theo Khdm-dinh Vigt-sé théng-gidm Cwong-muc, quyén 15 te 3 thi Liing-nhai tire 1 thén Liing-mi thuéc xf Lam-son, 1a noi Lé-Loi bat dau khoi nghia); nhitng nguéi cd céng bac nhSt duge ban quéc-tinh, clitke dyi-twong-quan twée throng-tri-ty, bic nhi dwge ban quéc-tinh, chic trong-quan, twee gi-tri-ty, bic ba duge ban quéc-tinh, chic tuéng-quan, tree trite (lo 56). ©) Thighdgt qudunhdn: nguyén sao lim ra thiét-kj-dgt_qudn-nhda, Chie vi cé ké sao d% khong hibu hai chit fin thié-a6t cho nén thém chit ki, vi Ui@-Ki 1A mot hang quin ewdi ngya déi xwa. Nhiag Lé-Lei khong c6 quan. thigt-ki-d6t, ma c6 quan ¢hié-dgt, 1A nhitag quan cha Ie cd tie khi moi khdi-nghia va vé sau déu tham-dy hau hét cac tran lon. Todn thir chép: Ban dau, vua (Thai-td) kinh-dinh bén phuong ... chi ed... vi-thin 30 ngwéi, vin-thiin Lé-Linh, Lé Quéc-Iung, quan cha con 06 (hidt-dét 200, nghia-si 200, diing-st 300... (to 74). Trong ban chép Théng-sit ndi trén ciing Him nhidu noi gin nh vay. B& chép hote Thiét-dél-ki, (chuygn L@ Nhan-Chu), hode Thiét-ki (chuyén Le Van-An), hole Thit-ki-dél (chuy@n Lé-Thiny. Chi & chuyén Trinh Kha chép dung Thiét-ddt ma thoi.Bing (f) Tram dugc thién ha nhé cong chu tong, nguytn itn hdch (h). Va lai truy8n cho con chau nha Trim muén doi bang nhw [di nguyén Ay, thi d8 cho quéc gia trang tri, yén nhu ban thach (i); Hoang-ha nhu dai, Thai-son nhu 1é (j); con chau nha Trém muén déi quang ding bao dién (r). Vi vay Trim phai hét loi cng chu trong: hé da di lam cong-thin & cing Trim, déng tam hiép lye, ché ngai khé khon (k). Hoa (@) lam viée thign ha ching nhitng thé 4y ; Tram lai cay (m) loi nay : Nbw trong binh-phap rang « nhan nghfa chi binh, hda muc vi thugng (n). Néu cé binh ohan nghia thi co hoa myc méi kha duc higu linh cho tin, Chit ring « Phap gid thién ha cong cong » (0). Du ai chang phai, da co phép troi Inat_ nue. d) Chung: tigng cd, howe dich tir chit w (chung sau: vé sau) hole tir chit chi (chung phic-léc). 8) Vinh thiy tric bach: a8 lau dai lai trén thé tre vA trén tém ya (hai vat ligu adi tdi-cd dang a8 viét). Vi vay cé thanh-ngir sik xanh (tre xanh). f) Bang ld, niur lei: theo ding ohw loi. g) Bing: 18 ad. . h) Wién hack: tiéng-tim lon, quyén thé nhigu. i) Yén nhw ban thach: n6i thé nuge vitng nhu ting da. i) Hodng-hd nh dai, Théi-son nhe Ig: nghia den 1a séng Hoang can hep lai nhu cai dai 40, oti Thai mon di cdo Jai nh hon da mai. Cau ding @@ tré .thoi-gian rit lau, nguyén ding trong bai bigu Céng-thin oi Han, Cau Kiéu «Dau ring song can dé mon » ciing nga y Ay. r) Nghia lA v8 vang lén d8n qui, ttre lam vua, k) Kad khén : khén Ia tigng cS nghia 1a kh6. 1) Héa: tiéng cd nghta nhw va hode ma. m) Cay: chit ném nay cé th® doc cdy, cay, Cay cé thé higa nghTa WA tin vao. Nhung tdi cling nghi ring 6 1a tiéng giti. Chit nho thi Ai, tiéng ta nay 1 giti, phai ching ring xtra ndi céy bién am cia ki chang ? n) Nghia la: binh ding voi myc-dich nhin nghTa thi dy siz hoa thuja voi ohau lam trén hét. 0) Nghia la: phép ludt la chung cho ci moi nguéi,Ai nfy thi cho co hoa muc, cho ta higu link, cho nghiém sira phép (p); hoa (I) lam viée thién-ha a8 cépg dank muon di, thre lc thién chung (q). Phung sao p) Nom viét sta. PhAi ching sda phép tire 1a tej phap Hode phai doc thia, tiéng cd dich chit ki, nghia la fy. q) Nghia la Hn Ide rat nhigu (nghin chung; chung 1a mgt doa vf Judng. Chinh chit 1a chit Chung 1a duc, chit khong phdi 1a chuéng), * Hai vin-kiga tren déu chép [i bing ném Lé-Loi th? cling cde ngwdi phy- th; b’i true nguytn nhé cOng Lé-Lai, bij sau nguyén ahd cdng cac tuéng si vi céng thin. Nhe t8i di ndi, t8i chi durge thay bin sao rit méi (1931). Vay cau héi ma et obign ta phii ndu ra La nhieng [oi dy thit cd hay di od ke bia ta; néu thit cd, thi nd 08 bi sao chép Tim hay a chira nbitu khoog ? Hei tdi & Thanh-Hya, 181 di hai ccy tle» gde tich nhieng bai niy ; Cy ai rh [di 1 sao Tai cia mt ho edng-thin dai L@ mi con chéu & huyén Néng-Céng (t8i khdng chép duoc tén Ling). Cy Iai ndi od bii khfe & ding hay sit, Sau bbi ay, bién loan gidn-giip, tdi bi bin nhitu vige khac, cho nén da khéng tra ctu duge thim. Gid nhw o6 ke digu tra lai, may chi tim dirge gdetich 13 ring, vi abiing nghi- via dit trén kia 06 le sé duge tra Idi dit khost. Khén n3i, binh ha lign mite trong suét hai muoi nim nay, vat d8i sao doi, of lio didu linh, Da 6 ditu tra ‘nifa cling chua chéc di fim ra manh méi, Hudng chi & ait khich, may edn git duoc miy minh ta-bitn, t3i ching c6 tham vong gi hon [i dya vio ngi- dung va hinh-thite cic bai kia, so sinh voi mgt vai vin kign khie hoje sit sich ing tin mi xét doin. 3.— XéT BAIA Trobe hit, doc hai bii kia, ching ta litn thiy ring nim chir Théi-t8 Cao hoing-dé quyét khang thi ed trong Ibi cita L@-Lei, vi migu-higu Thai-T8, va ton-higu cia Cao hoing-aé dtu dit ra sau khi L@-Loi mit, cang nbu mifu higu vA tdn-higu cia tlt ch che vua Trung-quéc vd ta ddi xa. Skch Todn-the wchép ring : ngdy 22 thang o1 nam Out-situ 1433, diva v8 tang & Law-son tai 9ak ease KES doe oRE Loge dete odewaa ys Ives ARE yt KER BRISK HP ingale se F4 4k BR ag PRE BARTLEY MRS ase oR TAKE Daa MRK SS eK KM es wad Men AES ER RAED SL K OKs HET I RUM lee Ok A Kees kere wel owe ay wee Kesy SKE KAS Bak HB oman Bae ae kd ak pied Be ABR RS SEY ROE ep Ie hE ONE WeAw TL MHA oS ws alseniba aay preg dusted eof eter ides Fpeeg Faden" eke SEKSS * gaboieuenete? dress whe grees ahi (myo Lé-tritu irung aghia chu thio). Ta nhin thy ring Phi-Kién han di ding tsiligu khée ngoti Lam- son Thit-luc, shu phae-phS ching ban, Nhung, vé t8n efe con va che mi-tr trong higu thin, thi ta sé thay ring L? Qui-Bén se chép khic. Va Phi- Kido cing Khang KE ado chuyén wréo afi fo. Le-Qui-Dén tuy sng sau Phato-Phi-Kido ching 150 nim, hung vite chuyén La Lai, tong Pyi-Viét thing-ne (quyin 32), mot chch re #8 ring hon vi rit ding tin hon. Chée chin Ong di giao-thi’p voi ding doi Lé-Lai bay git cbn phinthinh & huyfn Holng-héa, xd Thanh-héa, wi 8ng a3 duge doc gia-phS vi tli-liga Ichte nita. Sau khi ta doc Thang-sie, khong nhing tr phai tin ring chuyéo Lé-Lai hoin-toln od thit, mi ta cing phii ohjn ring [ai th? A chac cing xéethit. Sau dy t0i cing sé dich aguyén-vin cha Qui-Ban, Ve doan con chdu, thi sé ube woe, ohung cing sé git phin chink trong dogn ay dé t3 ring con chdu Le-Lai dén doi L8 Mat adn luda phat dat, cho nén chic da gitr duge nhitu tiiligu oda t8-tidtn ofch dé 350 adm. Qui Ban vide : © LeLai ngwdi huygn Lweng-ginng, sich Duvc-giang, thén Dyng-th. Cha ten Kids, nbi coi Lim plusdgo s sink hai trai s ca tén Lan, thie ten Lai. Lan thee Thai-t8 Khoi nehta, cb hide cdug-lu. Trong chién dich At-ti (1425), amit vi vide vua & Kha tun quan, San diege tang Théi-phi Higp trung-hiia ; rbi gia tug Figp ‘qudn-céng. 4LAL, tink cwong trire, dung-mao Khic thedng 3 chi-Rhi cuo rang. Theo Aoi thi thin 13 ngwii, bi tén két thd, hen chmg vai buns Lai cb die (cin ay 2, cb whidu cng-luo. Naw Binh-thin (1416), rua cing che teéng rit quan-hé 0 sau). Durve trao chiec Ting-guin-phit db-téng-quan Quan-nbi-hus Nam Miu-tude (1418), vue méi du dieng c& nghta, twbng non. qud® it, bi twéng Mink duh gdp & Mirbng Mot; thodt dwgc, tru @ cdi sk Trink-ca. Trén ding khing tam ngwoi, Rhbng bing khéi. Twéng Mink chia you, ding chin cho noi hiém ybu, thé rit bach. Pus hii ede tug: © Ai chin trao dBi ho thay ta dem qudn ra ddnk quin gide, xwug ten higu ta nh Ki Tin doi Han, cho ta ch thé nu ddu nghi bink, gép hat tong st dé Lo whi dity v8 san 2» Che twiug tn Khong dém tra loi, Chi mink Lai mank bao bis & Toi xin di. Ney som, vua ding thién-ha thi hay tra cing cho t8i 5 van doi com chéu s@ dwge chin on mebe ; dé Li uguyén tai >. Vua theoug xbt. Lai ndi + « Nay quiin bach hie vity, ngiii gite ddt nguy dé yun tdi cing chét, t6i s¢ ring eiing la v6 ich. Nu lam ke dy, hate cb thé nbi ra chit tt. Ké bay t6i trung vi nude Lai cb tide gh. » Pua vii Troi khin rig: © Lé-Lai trho dbi do cb cing. Néw ngay sau Tram va con chin, cing con chéu che tetng th cing thin khing du cing dy, vht the ring: Thdo-dién thank vieng whi, bao~in thank sténg, thin-kiém think duo (nguydu thiva chie bink). Lai bin dem nam tram quan, hai voi, thing téi li gide Khidu chiéu. Newiri Bic dem hét quin ra dink. Lai coi phi-ma xine vido trin, hé ring: Chiu Lam-sou la ta diy | Chém va lam bi throng gige nhidu vies, Sie kidt, bin bi gide “bat. Gite gia circ Mink. Gide bin lui v¥ thank Tay-dd, phong bi kha néi. Pua dwoe thong-thd ight ugoi, she-giweng nlug-khi. Dink tram irdn dwgc cé tram. Nhe db de da sai lén th di-hdi v8 rang & Lam-son. Nam dau doi Thudu-thidn (1428) phong lam céng-thin de whit, tug hitn Suy-trung Ding-dire Hiép-men Bao» chink Ling-nkai céng-thin, thiéueiy, cho thay Toin-nghia. Nam Thudn-thiem thie hai (1429), thing chop, van sai Neiikn-Trai chép hai dyo van wbe-thd va loi th chung vi Lai cét vae him ving (cau nity rit, quan-hé v2 san). Lai gia~ thién-ha. Vua cam long trung cia Lai; tree db 15Phong théi-ity. Naw diu doi Thii-hdu (1443), tang Bink-cheong qudn-qudc trong se, cho Kim-ngu-dgi kim-phi va tebe Huyba-thegug-hin. Khoing du doi Hing die (1470), ting tebe Ditn-phie-hin. Nam thie 15 (1484), truy ting Pleo aribcocing. San gia phony Trung-tite-virong, Lai sinh ba trai: ci tén Lu, thie teu Ld, cudi tén Lam, d&u 6 thi nght. Nam At-ti (1425), vdy think Nehéan, Lue cing che tebug chia haw tinh che xe, mat tai trdn, Dug tang théi-ity (1428). Boi Hong-diec, tang Kibrtitt-hin (1484). Sau gia tang Kien” qudn-céng. LQ, thi trong chién-dich & sack Baclim,- ai Kiuk-lyng, ita phat phue-bink phd: quin Triu-trt, dwge thang Tastrung-quin tbug-dde che qués-ne. Nam Gidp- thin (1424), theo vna dink chdu Trdclin, de tein Bioligp, phé quin Placong Chink va Su-Hien, Dirge thang Thii-bio. Thing mevi nam ayy bi tring the Tac ma chét. Duge ting thai-ty (1428). Boi Hing-divc, ting Chién-cing-hin. San gia ting Chiéu quén-cong. Lam theo vaa dep gite Negi cb cing, khi thwong cde ngwhi thude Thiet Mt hba thi (ban sao cing lim ra thie-thi ule trong bai BY cb cing @ Ling~ thei, diege trac Trung-ling dai phu Cdu-len vé tuéug-quin, tube theonge trict, hiigu Suy-trung Bdag-diee Hiépomen Bao-chinh cing-thin. Nam Thude thién thie ba (1430) lam tién-phoug di dink Ai-lao, phd duoc quin gide, dubi din ding Héng-diy tring mii uhon tim thudc de ma chét. Ting thitw~ ty. Diu nam Quang-thudn (1460), vi com la Nem cb cong trudt Nghivdie lip Think-ting néw Lim dege ting di-dbe. Rui gie-uing Trung-Ie-hin (1484) rit thainty Trang qube-cing, ban thay Uy-vie L8 sink ba trai, Tich, Tung, Ding, ub cing phong hiw. Tick cing sink ba trai : Lidg, Neap, Quis dou mdi tebe. Lim sinh Nem, 1s mit dai-thin doi Lé@ Thinh-Tong, Lé Qui Din. chép chuygn Nim rit ki, Sau day tdi sé luge dich. La Nam 1a chdu L@ Lai, rit thang-minh. Vin v6 kiém toin. Khi tré, nh nghio, ddi toi & xa Duy tinh buyén Thuin-Hou (nay huyén Hiu- Lge tinh Thanh-héa}. Nim Thigu-binh thir 6 (1439) doe im phong chite ego-thi chinh chedng, thing chire thidm-tri ndi-mit-viga su (1445). Theo -Le Thy di danh Chiém-thanh. Thing lim an-vi pho-st & Tay-dgo (1448) 16ri thing Lim tuyéo-dy dai sit tein An-bang (Quing-yén), Thing 10 nim Ki-mio (1459). Nghi-Din git vua Nhan-ting, cup ogdi, Bly git Nim Tam Xarkive dSng-téng-tri chur quin-sy-vy hop cing cle agi thin b3 Nghi- din vi jp Thinh-ting. Tir dd Nam dure cure-ki trong dung v? cf vin Hin v8. Thing Dinh-throng-hiu (1460), cho quéc-tink, dy tham trifucchiah Theo vua dénh Chitm-thinh (1470), r8i lai tr Iai lim phd tuedng-quin dep Chitm thinh [a thir hai (1471). Nim Héng-dite thi 10 (1479) cim quia di déoh B3n-man, dudi chia Sim Cang dén séng Tring-sa gidp bign- gi6i Ditn-digfa. Duge phong Tinh-quéc-céng, r8i mit (1485). Nam sinh mudi lim trai, Trai thie tr ten Kiiing ti trin & Chidm- thinh, ting thii bio Thulin quin-céng. Bdi Canh-hung, dong ho hon trim dinh con 3 thén Ngoc thuge huyén Holng-héa (Thanh-héa), Con thir hai Ib Chi cing cd céng trong chign-dich Chiém-thinh, rit durge Thinh-téng yeu. Lim quan din thi-bio Quinh quin-cdng, ting Holi quéccdng. Chi sinh nim trai. Ding ho cd nhitu ngudi lim dén thii-bio tude quin-cdng, shu Céng-Théi, Céng-Tir gidp Trang-Tang vi Trinh Kim, Céng-Trirngs Cing-Gidi giip Thin-tang va Trinh-Tring, dtu due phong michidu cdng thin. Cudi chuygn Lé Lai vi Lé Nam, QuiBDan chép: « Dai Hi ting, Chink-hin nam thie 13 (1692), sai quan lirwcthi Neuyin Thi-Pin, theo nin ci & thin nha, dieng tk dwing the Trung-tic-vieong Lé-Lai, cp ruing té dé néu cing-huin ci. Nay, divh trong ho rit ahitus. Ché méah ban cho Nim tube Dink-thireng-hiu hign cin. > Sau khi dc” Thing-vir, ta thiy hin nbiéa Ang chuyén Lé Lai bie sith a2 L* 4 @ ne trén trdnh trong con quin-bich 1a chuydn thit, mic dau Todn-thir, theo bin ngiy nay cbn da bd sét. Va ve doi L? Loi, bin Toamthe hign oda chép chuyga nim thi nbidu, nim thi it, Khidn ta e6 the aghi dag hoje vi ti ligu di mit nhitu tree doi Lé Thénh-ting, hoie siethin uth’, hoie bin doi sau Khée lai bSt vén nhidu. . Ta cing phi nhjn ring Lé Loi da ting thé voi Le Lai ring doi adi ph3i te3 cng Lé Lai, Nhimng cfu th® chép trong That luc va Théug- air, phin lim 13 rang 1a [bi dich nhieng ciu ndm trong bai A Vay ta cing phai tin ring, sau khi dudi sach ngogi xdm va lén ngdi vua, Lé Loi da -17-nhc Iai Idi th€ xwa vi bio cdc céng-thin cing’ thé sé khdng quéa on La Lai va sé nha bio con chau ditu ay. Buge nhin 1 xsc-thit, bai th? A khing-djoh thém mgt vai sus kien lich-stt. Cau Lé Lai hay hét long vii Tram ma dii do cho Tram, xde~ nbin chuygn déi do. Clu Tram da ting Lé Lai & trong din Lam ching thye sy Le Lai sai Ién tim di-bii Lai vé ting & Lam-son mi ta thiy chép trong Théng-sit. Ta ch& Ly Lim lp sy [i th® kia di chép bing ndm, khic voi nbitng Idi the th’y trong cdc si sich da ké trén, Tuy Idi khdc nhau, ohung § phi-hop. Th? voi nhau diy 1 mét vige gin nh riéog gira nhimg ke cing chung gian Lhé, sing véi xée thit nhitu hon voi ly-tr. Ho hi 1b phin [én 18 ké vi-bitn it hoc, it quen chit nghia vin hoa. Cho nén [di th voi mbau 13 Ibi néi thurdng ngiy, ty trong tim mi ra, chi khong phai do tihin trau chudt. Qu’ vay, ta hay doc Iai hai bai th? trén, ta sé thay ring giong vin cuc-mich, ¥ tie riom-r3, khdng phin-minh gay-gon; nghe ray nbu [oi néi chuyéa hing ngiy gida dim thudng-din, chir khong 06 tinh-each vin-cbwong mot ti nio. Chinh* vi tinh-cich ném-na qué-kich dy mi ta Iai cing nén tin ring bai tht A khong phii bei ngwoi doi sau bia dit ra; vi ndu od ké bia djt thi St di dem Idi dep a€ +8 difm ctu chuyga, Con oh si sich, thi vi tinh-eich edng, cho nén du nguyénvin si Tigu vidt bing ndm, sit-gia cing dich ra chk Hin df ra chidu nghiém-nghj. Ngudi ta ngiy nay throng Iyp lpi mot swe suy-dodn sai, 1 cht 0b ddi Taye son méi ding chit ném mét cich chinh-thtrc, Thit ra, véi nhieng di-vin con thiy, doi Le it thudng ding vin ndm trong thi-vin hoie cdng-via. Tei se cb dip dem nhitu ching ve ditu dé. Hing da ra mét chuydn. Nim Hbng-déc thé hai, Tan-mio (1471), khi Le Thanh-tdng thin-chinh danh Chiém-thinh, dén cai dich, vua than ché chiduesich bink Chiém.. So twbng-st chia Niu, sai Nguybu The-Mi dick ra qubcongit df han ra ma day (Tein the quyfn 12, t& 61). BS 1 vi trwdng-hgp thiét-thyc asi véi quin- shin tuéng-si mi ding qudeng. Kétluin dogn niy [i cd nbitu phin chic ring bi A ahfe ding Wi LeLei di tht trvéc mit che céng-thin vé vite bio on L&-Lai vi da ‘bét moi ngudi tht theo, 18Su tht chung Sy xfy ra nim nto? Ciu cing Trdm di klat ma lip wen thién ha, dén cb ngay ray ma doe phi qui bude ta phii doan vio KEhoing sau khi Lé Loi lén ngdi vua va da ban thong cho cic céng-thin. Toin-the chép vio khoing thing ba nim diu dbi Thuin thién, Mju-tuit, 1428: Vua dai hbi cde twbag, cde bay t8i vam vit lém bé, dink vide ban thicing, theo cing cao thip mi dink cép bic... (quyén 10, t& 57). Lie bay gi Lé Loi con & doanh BS-d? trén sang Lé, adi ngan véi thinh Béng-quan. Rim thing tu, Lé Loi méi xung dé. Sau khi Ian ngdi it ngiy, lite “truy ting chdu digt, L¢ Thach, chét tran nim Tan-stu 1421, mi-higu Trung— wi daivirong vi phdi-ty & thm migu (Todn-the quyén 10, to $8). Théng- si cing chép y hw thé (chuygn Lé Thach), vi, oh trén da ké, bi chép’ ing nim ty cing phong Le Lai mihigu Lang-nhai céng-thin, ban him thigu-iy, thuy Toin-nghia. Khé chic ring due bly git, Lé Loi nhfe fai Idi th? véi Lé Lai va bio che twéng th va céng-thin cling th’. Sau dé, cahy Théng-sir di chép, vua sai Nguyin Trai chép thé-vin va cit vio hom wing. Vay tdi dodn ring bli A chép Idi Lé Loi th? nim Mgutuit 1428. 4— xét BAI B Néi dung bii B kkhéng liga quan dén sy kida lich-sir gi dic bidt. Phin diu, La-Lei th? sé nhé on cée ngwoi phd th di ra cng gitip mink svi ben sé din con chiu néi lii thé ly. Nhing clu thé niy tuong ty véi nhimng cfu the ta da thy trong bai A va trong sich Lam-son thdt-luc (xem chi thick 4d) sau bii A). Trong bin sao Kitu-dai, oda cé mt bai nita chép nbimng Idi the gin ohe vay. Tai sé goind 1 bii D trong phy trong sau. Bai Sy cd tinh eich Li-quic, nia ndm nita chit ohw trong phin nhigu van ndm xua, Phin chie “Hin Iai vidt rit « ndm-na », #8 ing ké viét miy clu ny it chit Hin. Trong “Bin sao lei hinh abu di sit char sét cu. Ve [di th? od Thanh-td _nvinh-thé thr son khoan s&t. chi nti th® nom snguyén thién-ha, Vai... Hoang thién, Hau-thd, Hoang-ha ohu dai, Thai-son nhu 1é, b&t cAm tu ngén () Tuy bii nly khing ding duge ngudi ta chi ¥ vi sao chép Ii, nhung 6 ké com git Iai, thi hinh ahr sr dy 18 n6 6 tur ofch lich-str vi xe thre scbing ? Vi ching hing chir Thanh-t6 thy trong bii ty thing duge ding 12Bai La-Think-ting dé td Lé-Lgi (xem bii Len-ron Lirowg-thity pha con chép trong Thitn-nam du-he-tip). Vay ké vidt bhi D cd le & vio ddi L&-Think- dim « xi Diduthi, husén Leong, phi Thien quan > mi t0i khong thiy chép trong sir. Su dy khitn tdi aighi ring bai D ny ¢6 gc chan tht, chit khang ph3i do mt ké nio hoin toan bia ra. tdng. Lai thém, trong cu du, ed ghi mot Nay tdi hiy quay lai bi B. Doan duéi bli nly 1 [di Lé-Lei khuyéa tergng si. phi hda mye cing nhau, phdi tin higuclinh va phai theo phap lujt cho nghiém. Myc-dich chinh cia bai nay la chd dy, con Idi hira hen ngay saw huéng céng chi 1a cdi mdi dé nhi ma théi. So sinh véi ki-t8i trong sich Town thie, ta thay ring trong thoi ki khang chign, Lé-Loi da dé ¥ nhitu dén sw chinh- thuin twéng-si, hoje higu-dy, hoje khich-l@ nhia-din bén long hing hii ching giic. Trong nim Dinh~ 1427, thé quin Minh da nao-ning..Tuy viy thee sich -Todn-the, Le-Loi hifu-thi twéng higu qudn-nhin cic xir Nghé-an, Taa~ Binh, Thuja héa sing: « Ta dify nghtu-bink & dit hay, may sdp thank cing. Mong ching bay thiy ching mit long, vang dé mat tidt, AE cho ven nghia swe t6i cha con. Ta biét rug ching bay déu la nhieng ké st yeu mebc. Nhdn bubi trirbe, doi che vua Hoeng-Khink (Trin Gidw-dinh)s Tring-quang, lubng mang hae dunk, Lam Khing dege throng. dy vi chink-tri bai nhidu civa ma raz igi thin Khang biét dén, cho nén ching bay Indng phi’ sive nhw thé.. Nay, thiéu-ha ahde thing. Ta cing ching bay, ughta whe cha com Mong hit thay mst long tha dst dit nwebe ta. Tie xia, che tebng van vii eye phong hitu, phéng nh ching bay, Khing khde. Chink Iai di ngit bay, Injen qudn-nhin Dey. Khi nto dep yee ide thn, sé chia déi, mot niva vé lam rugug. Nay trii giao (ménk) cho ta, dung "inh thi phd gige, sing ma diege theong cing. Khéng nghe ménk thi chét- Khing thank vide gh Mii dii hay vidt mit hin, ngay doc hai ba ban, dE quan-nhdn bidt db» (te 32, thing 4 nim Dinb-vi 1427). Cang cing hi Sy, ban Midi Jitu ‘Quin-hidn cho twéng higu quin ahin: (1) Lam Bnedo trong qudn. 2) Trong quén so-hii vi cB, nbi bdy we hoa pic Khibn dao-ding quin-th. 3) Trong trdn, nghe titny tring; thay ed chi ma gid ve khing nghe khing thy, chin chiv Khing chin tia. 4) Trong trén, thiy higu co vd nghe tidug la bio ding qudn ma khéng ding, 5) Nghe tiéng chitng bio Iii qudn ma cong Khong Iii. 6) Phing tree Hing cham, hode ngii say Khing gitt, lia ngi trbn.vl. 7) MA. nitmsde, phing 20auc véi din -ve ma ‘Khéng ‘lam vide qudn 8) Liy tit ma tha qudn-nhin va che gitn Khing bién vio sb quin. 9) Lity op thick ghét riéng ma didn dio -cbag {0 cia ngwvi, 10) Dbi vbi quin (an &) Khing kde ; gian de trim cdp. + Moisi dibu X2 trén, pham den thi chém (1 33, thing 10 nim Biah-vj 1427 Thing y Lé Loi ban ba ditu ran cde quan vin vo: ché vé-tinh, che Msintrd, ché gin tham (th 44). Thing mudi mt, sau khi gist Lite ‘Thing (20 thing 9) bit Hoing Phéc vi Th3i Ty (15 thing 10), Lé Lei vin dem siu ditu dy tréag bigu quin nhin: Hé law ti cow th vue phai hét long strung; he & trong quan phat gite chinh-trwc, ché lim vide gian trdis kB lam tran dank giac bat th git gite, ch& trank cing hau 5 BE 6 voi quan whén, nbn ai gian ngwge Lam xdng, nén bit md tri ti, abieng bay cing coi cheng ma ran kidng kéo thi dén minh ; ko 1d bay tdi thing th) chi cdy diege theong you ma lang nguge ke Khdc 3 hE ra Lim viée ldp céng th) phai dem than mink di triebc, dé ke debi thdy ma bit chirée (t 43). Y chimg sau mudi nim khing chiéa, tuy dug nhigu trian, nbung ephitng think kign-cd ohue Déng-quan, Célang, Chi-liah vin vieng, mi quin din chia adi kh nhitu b8, od khi chén nin. Cho dén nhing v@ quia Thidt-dot, mai giti nhon bye abit ma cing sin long. Thing 4 nim ay. Lé Toi dy céc tuéng “hifu quin nbin cla mudi bén vé quin dy ring: Hay Ding tam Tidu mang dé phd gite, d 1d sive cia ching bay. Con nhie vack cwewn, xtp dat, com iho, thang thong thi & tai ta. Ching bay ché so can Hac, ché Io nghdo thitu. Thdy ve con ta nghdo thiéw, thi vo con ching bay aaghto thibu. Mong ching bay mit long dink gigc. Ché sink phitn nio (thing 4 -aim Dinh-vj 1427, Todrthir quyta 10, th 32). Xem hing chimg din trén day, ta thiy 1 ring qui-ahin Lé Loi svt chim-ché dén vin dGng tioh-thin tim-li cla tuéng bigu quin nbin. Vi 6, nhirng Idi th? vi dy trong bii Brit hep véi tu-trdng va hinh djing sia Le Loi, Cho ain ciu din trong bai Sy “cho cb hdw muc » thodt nghe -thiy la, thi bay gid Khong la nia Lé Loi mudn adi ché tranh nhau cdng aby trong ditu thé ba trong siu ditu dy tréa day. Ket lujn doan nly la ta ob th? tin ring bY B chép thit Ibi Le Loi. Vi chu ching sau thién-ha théi buh +8 ing Ubi dy ndi trong th>i khing chign. Ging chung c bij wt cd thE hop véi béi-cinh cla ohirng [bi chép trong Todn-the, vii khiéa ta od sth? nghi Ang thoi-gian cia Ibi th? ny Ko khoing diu nim Dinh-vi (1427) .5.— X€f VAN NOM VA CHU’ NOM TRONG HAI BAI AvAB ‘Tuy bit-phap hai bii ném tréa nly cao th’p hoi khic, ahung gigng 2ndm 3y gin giong ndi chuygn, Todn bai A cé thé chi la ghi nhing ctu ndi thudng, khéng cS ¥ trau gidi xtp dit. Nhimng gidithr md, thi, che uge ding lun ludn. Tréi véi b’i A, bii B cd tinh-céch céng-vin. Vi viy, tuy vin khong hoa-lé, nhung cing cd vé trau chudt ft nhieu. Trude. hit cd ding Idi «ndi chir», nghia I trong ciu ném, chém ci mot clu Hin-vin, thong 1a nhieng clu sho-ngir, tucngir hoje rit trong nhing sich 06 ting. Vi dy: Dai Thién hank-héa ; phi tri bang gia vtah thiy tréc bach; Quic gia trudng tri, yén hic ban thackh ; Hoang-ha nh dai, Thai-son nlc 12; quang dang béo dign ; Nhan nghia chi ink koa mue vi theong 3 Phip gid thién ha cing cong vi cudi cing Thyc lic thin chung. Nhieng ctu Hin-vin ny cing chimg ring bi B nguyén that vit bing Idi. ném, vi néu dé chi 1k Idi dich thi khong fe gi che ciu Sy Iai df nguyén vin. Sau nira, Ii ding chit ching & hai chd trong thinh-ng& cheng sau cing Ia Wi endi chit» ngiy xa, vi as 1A dich thinh ng Hén-vin we Adu Cudi cing, cd-pbip trong bii B gon ging phin-minh hon trong bai A. Tuy vay, nhing gidi-tir ma cho vii abit 1a thi duge ding nhitu. Mét ditu khong khdi lim ta ngac-nhién [a ti-ngi trong hai bai trén rit gin tir-ngi ngiy nay, tri m$t sd it thinh-ng& ci hoje mot vaititng ding véi nghia od; vi dy Mui ngay, Nhwoc di, Bang isi, Ca Hoa, Khon, Nhitng titng c8 thwdng thiy trong nhitng vin tho déi sau, nh tong (trong), ca (&), mita (cho) thi trong bin sao niy khéng thiy. Ve phirong-dign ny, theo kinh-nghigm, t8i nhjn thiy, qua cle ti ligu xua ma t8i da duege doc, hink nh Vitt-nga thing thedng it biéa-chuyén hon Vite ogi ‘ding trong thi vin. Vi viy, sy vin trong hai bii trén khdng cd ve xua kh@ng phii Li phin-ching ddi voi tinh xde-thit cla nd. Xét dén chit ndm trong bai bai kia, t8i cing thy Idi vite ndm trong bin sao Kitudsi khing od vé xwa, hay la, Chi od chir ray (bii A cdt 3)- 1a khéc thudng, vi cd chit oi & trén diu, Nhung dé cd thé chi b3i ke sao Ii Him mi thoi, Hai ting Ray vi Loi (qudengi ca vide Ley) atu vidt voi chit Le doc Lay (nay ta ndi: I), Néi tém dai, xét tie-ngd va clu-ty néar trong hai bii A vi B, ta shin thiy voi hioh-théc trong bin sao Kitu-dai, hai bai khing cd thch- cach dicebigt gi 12 wa Mm. Nhung cing khdng od ching gi t3 sing nd chi Ja ohimg bli ngudi ta bia dit ra doi sau. Tréi lai xét ndidung thi ai bai fy rit cf th8 di chép [gi Idi thit ofa Lé Loi Nhung chfe Khdng khdi cd nbieng titng xa bj d8i mSi, hoke nbitng chit ndm xtra bi, chita Iai trong nhigu det sao chép qua nim trim nim nay. (Ry sau titp)DA LICH SU‘... ® NGUYEN -PHUONG «Th WC ra, lich si khong phii 1a mét cai gi may méc, nghia la 6 thé dia vao a6 ma tinh todn tri@e duge né sé xdy ra nhiing gi, nhung cai da lich sit 1a céi di nguyén nhan dem dén két qua, va da dé manh nhw vii bio. Ba dé, né dang tién lén oai hing, nh site lyc cia cd nhan Joai dén Iai tir bao nhiéu thé k¥, va bay gié day, dang diy hién tai vao buéc duéng trong lai! ». (1) Va néu lich sit chung cé cai a chung, goi A aa lich sik nbwe thé, thi lich sir riéng cia mot quée gia cing phai cémét cai da riéng, né thuic diy, né huéng din, nd lam cho hign tai co mot ly do va mét y nghta, cing lam cho twong Jai tanh mét hy vong vA mot dy tri, Thigt tudng lich sik Viét-nam khéng nim ra ngoai con dwéng thong dd. Noi chung 1A vay, chit di vao thye t& héi Ga lich sit Viét-Nam nh thé nao? BA dang tién, hay da dang lui? Hay chi JA cai ‘aa dit ngang khéng din vé dan? Muén biét cai da cia lich-sit Viét-Nam trong thue té tit phai diva vao lich sit thie té cia Viét-Nam. Chi cai da cha lich sit thire té—nghia 1A lich sir thi lai nhw thye-sy viée di xiy ra — méi cé mot bd ich cho hién tai va mét mdi loi cho trong Jai, NO gidng nhw phéng trinh cia mét khéi dé dang lin. T tre 1a hién tai, va biét phong trinh ciia né, tite JA qué Khir, ngwoi ta khéi da, doin duge né sé Kin vé dau, tire 1a tuong lai. Sao thiy va bid duge nh thé lai 1a c6 ich, cd Igi? La vi, thy va biét-nhw thé, ngwoi ta 6 thé hoge 1a tranh di, khi franh 1a tét hon, hay 14 ngin chan, khi ngin ch§n 12 mét vige cé thé Jam va cin thiét, hay quy hon ca, 1a digu khién n6é, khi c6 di kha ning va phuong tién a8 digu khién. Cwdi lén duge trén site manh cla mot cai da 8 digu khién nd, bao gid cing 1a mét viéc hitu ich, khéng nhigu thi it, khOng tich eye thi ciing tiéu ewe. (1) Nguyén-rhuo. g, Phuong-Phip Sii- .oc, 4 i hoc Hué, 1964, trang 191. rs}Nhan tién nén ghi nhdn rang chi cé thir lich st thuc t€ ny mot Jam nén dirge cai @& cé mt site manh nao, cd céc thir lich sir tidu thuyét hoa, hay dét bing hoang khéng, tong tuong, khéng bao gid c6 higu qua dit da, va boi a6 4 khéng c6 {ch gi ma con c6 hai, vt né lam cho nhitng ai bam vio n6 phii héng chan, dé bj vat ve khong biét bat vé dau. Dia vao lich sit thire té cia Viét-nam, nguéi ta nhgn rd duge cai da m& mang Jinb thd, nhw cuée. nam tién ching han, nhung dng thoi nguwdi ta cling cd thé th’y dugc cai da cing c6 géc ré, nhw cai aa khang chigén minh liét ch$ng lai Trung hoa. CA hai du thuéc vé mét Ioai goi la Ga banh tring, baoh triong vé chiéu rOng ngang va banh truéng v8 chigu stu hay néi voi hinh nk, Viét nam gidng nb mét cay dang lén vira sum sé cinh la, vita dam sau ré xudng long dat Trong bai nay ching tdi mudn noi dén cdi 4a thir hai, tic 1A site chéng cy Trung hoa cia dan tc Viét nam. Trén nén tang cia lich sit ching ta thay ring, ké ti khi Viét nam déc lap, cir m@t quang thoi gian kha dai, 16i hai ba trim nam, Trung hoa lai sang xam Idn Vigt nam mét fan. Lin thir nhit xy ra dwéi thoi nha Téng, nim 981, lin thir hai dwéi thei nha Nguyén, nim 1285-1288, lan thir ba duéi théi nha Minh nim 1407-27, lan thir tr dea thoi nha Thanh, nim 1788-1789. Nbung ciing trén nén tang a6, ching ti lai thdy ring, hé méi in B&c quan kéo qua, da cho déng dao dén dau, da due chi huy boi nhitng cap twong cao tai dén bic nao, di gidu ly do xim Inge dui hinh thie nao, 1A mdi Win ngwoi Vidt nam, Khong chéng thi chay 42, cim cy, phan khang khién cho hye wong phuong Bac khi radi oai hing bao nhiéu thi khi rat v8 lai toi boi, nhac nha, bay nhiéu, Va noi nguoi Bac bai, ciing 1A néi ngwéi Nam thing. Co khi ho thing voi Lé Hoan, cé khi voi Trin Khanh Du, Tran Quée Tuin 6 khi voi Lé Loi, cling cé khi voi Quang Trung. Nhung di voi ai, bao gié cing 14 ngwoi Vigt nam chién thing, Nhin vio hién twgng vira ndi, chang ta nhan duge ring a6 chi la m6t sy kién nhung cé hai mit Bac 14 xam ling thua 13, mat Nam la khang chién vé vang. Néu xam ling 1a mgt Iyc lwong, thi khang chién cling 18 mét Ive lwgng. Sy adi choi cia hai lye lugng bao 1a cing la mét thi thach doi hdi hai bén nhigu tiéu tdn, CA hai phai cd ging cA sire lMn tri, cA hai phai ligu ca sinh mang lin cia cai, Nhung tigu tin ma tht bai moi 1a udng phi, con tiéu ton ma thanh céng khong thé 1a khéng eé Igi. Phai chiang mdi Hin chién thing Bac quan wa mOi Hin quéc gia Viét nam 4 cing vitng thém ? Qua thé, nguoi Viét nam, et mi Hin bj lye lugng Trung hoa lay chuy8n, 14 méi Tin ho adahém long tin tung vao vin ménh d@%t nue, hg lai lang hoa ddng trong tiéng goi nii séng. VA long tin tuong dé, sitc hoa ding dé, cang minh hon, khi strc lay chuy&n bj ngi thua cing lon hon. Nhu vay, qua lich si gin mt nghin nam lap quéc, sau bén lin bi thir thach ac liét ma bao gid ciing phai thing, héi dan Viét nam d& cé thé tr hao rang trong tirong Jai ho sé khai thing m3i chwa? Cai ada khang chién vé vang ho dat dugc kia cé bio dim bao nhiéu d6i voi vin ménh dat nue ho ? d@ di dén mét cau trd 1di hitu ich, ching ta thir phan tich timg yéu td, Ba néi ring «tiéu tén ma thét bai 1A udng phi», vay tai sau ‘Trung hoa d@anh udng phi ln nay rdi Hin khac ma vin khéng bd mong xm chiém Vigt nam ? Ho deo dudi nhw vay. chic chin la vi ho vin thiy ‘co hy vong chién thing, Hdi cdi gi 4% nudi hy vong ho ? Sé di ho bang hai mdi in dem lyc hryng vugt bién gidi qua dat nuwéc ching ta, d6 la vi mot sf ly do, ma ding dau Ia su gin gii vé mit dia ay. Khéng ai chéi cai sy Trung hoa 1a lan bang phia bac cia Viét nam Gin ghi tao nén dé dang trén duéng qua lai dé than thién, ciing ah qua lai a3 x4m ling. Dia ly cdn cho thdy digu nay 1a dién tich hai nuée cach biét nhau dén my muoi Ian, Mgt digén tich lon da 1A mot due lvgng khong nhigu thi it, va le Iugng ty né vin mudn banh trong. Rdi khuyoh huéng muén banh truéng dé lai duge gia ting béi sir kién nhan ching. Dau muén diu khong, ngiroi Vist nam gidng ngudi ‘Trung hoa, va ndi cho ding hon, thuéc vé cing mot gdc voi ngudj Trung hoa. Nhé a6 ngudi Trung hoa rit dé dang tr thanh ngudi nam. Chi cin ho bing long lam dan Viét nam va néi duc tidng Vit, 1a rét khé ma phan biét duge ho véi nhitng ngudi Viét nam chink cog khéc. Ching thé ma oh& Trin @& 1a mot trigu dai Viet nam, va Viét nam thuan tiy. Ong td cia Trin CAnh lic dau con & Phic kigén sau méi di cw sang lang Tire mac. Ong tén 1a Kinh, « Kinh sinh ra Hap, Hap sinh ra Ly, Ly sinh ra Thira» (2), cha cia Tran Thai 19, ‘Ibiy noguai Trung hoa d& thanh Viét nam nhu thé, cdc nba cim quyén Trung hoa khéng khéi nghi rang hién tugng d6 cé th® tré ngugce lai, rghT la nguéi Viét nam cing d3 dang ida think Trung hoa va ho e6 1 4 én xem. Khéng hay, nude dé chay xudi. khéng chiy nguge. 6 ly do tam ly ké manh. Trung hoa cé lye long khong phi 1 vi hu cé mOt dign tich dia ly, bao la. Ho manh béi chinh sr a vé ngwéi, vé cha, vé nhan tai. Nhitng khi sire manh nay tro th cen, dv thi, chug mot hic tham tim vo day vung diy — (Q) N43 STL @a, Dui Vid $4 Kj Todn The. Ban Kj, quyéo 5 to ta.va ai dau lai khéng cé tham tam? — thi khuynh hiéng cha ho Ja muén xam ling theo kigu ca lon nuét c4 bé. Va ddi voi Trung hoa hdi mdi nao ngon cing dé an cho bing Viét nam? Nhitng ln ho xua quan xim Hing ching ta déu J nhiing lan ho ¢6 tam trang nhw vira ndi, mht Ta yao nim 1284-1285, Sau hét, phdi ndi dén cai ly do dang so nbdt cho ngwéoi Viét-Nam 6 1a -néi trang cia Viét-Nam. CA miy lin Bic xdm, trir duéi théi oha Nguyén, du d% duoc chinh hoan canh Viét-Nam mé duéng. Dé 1a nhiing @i Chia quyén thin hoiec thay ngéj adi chi. Tim gwong throng bat chinh thuéng gay nén chia ré, han tha trong ciip linh dao, va co circ, hon ddn trong din gian. Ma hé sy ad nat, x4o trén cia Viét-Nam cang tan té, thi long thém khat cla Thién trigu cang gia ting. Dé 1a tinh trang cia thoi Lé-Hoan thoin doat ngdi vi cla nha Binh, thoi Lé Quy Ly tiéu diét nha Tran. théi Tay son hoanh hanh & thi 46 Bai viét. Va lich sit cho biét ring a6 ciing 1A thoi nha Téng, hay nha Minh,’haynha Thanh, dem quin agi dén. Hin Viét-Nam suy yéu vi sur Tuy nhién, giita ohitng canh trang thé thim nhat cia tinh thé, ngudi Vigt-Nam di cé cim thiy budn tii lm. than, via khdng bao gic chan nin, hoic m&t tin twéng. Khéng chéng thi chiy, tay trrong hyp «thugng bit chinh» cia ngi bd Viét-Nam, nhé hay lén, nguoi Vidt-Nam @% dimg diy mot khi ho nhan ré duge nguy co cia x& the, va di ding day 1a ho thing. Chung ta thay hg ding day, cwong quyét ya ig Say, vAo cudi nim Gidp than, nim thir su higu Thigu bio doi Trin Nhan tong (1281) Si gia chép, voi long ty hao 16 ra nét bit: «Thap nhi nguyét... Thuong hoang trigu thién ha phu Io hdi ve Dién hing giai, tir thyc, vin ké. Giai viét: Chiém. Van nhan ddag than nhy xudt nbdt khau » (3). Dich: Thang chap..- Thuong hoang (tire Trin Thanh téng) tridw tip nhitng nguéi lén tdi trong nue lai & tree digén Dién hing, cho fin tiée dé hoi, ké. Tdt c& déu ndi: Banh. Muén ngwéi rap mét tiéng nhu thot ra bi mot miéng vay. Két qui nay la boi dau? La bai biy gid trong nuéc vua toi doar tu, trén doi thufn hoa. Két qua nay con 1a boi sr vé ly hin ahiéo cha viéc nha Nyuyén xdm lan, Cac Hin khac, Trung-hoa con vo dugc mét vai ly do, mic diu mong manh, a@ can thigp vao n6i tinh Viét- Nam, chir Min nly khdng. Tit cA déng co xii give Thoat Hoan va bé 3) Todn thir. bir hy, g-5, ter Ma 26Ti kéo quan d@n, chi Ja a8 théa min tham tim chioh phyc. Ma thane fam nay, luc dé, manli mé biét dong nao. Luc 46, tiéng hi cia ngya Hd ching nhitng di x6 dd hét cA site di dich trén toan Ioh thd Trung hoa a* Nguyén Thé 13 c6 thé tuyén bé « Thién ha nhat thong », mA con rung chuyén ca thé gidi. Nhwng, truéc strc manh cuéng bao niy, phy Io va trigu dinh Bai vigt khéng nao ming. Néu khdng bao gig yan ménh Viét nam nguy ngip cho bang, thi citing khéng bao gio toan dan doan két cho bing. Va Nguyén quan tan nat hai lan lién tip. Va dit nwoe Vigt nam di hao hing cing hao hing thém... DE Tinh h6i t8t ch sir vé vang cilia Jan dai thing nay, chiiag ta hay doc mot doam st cia chinh nguoi Trung hoa chép. Day loi cia Bac st: « Nguyén Thé td tire gidn vi Chiém thanh phan phic bit throng, bérr hha chiéu phong cho con 1a Thoat Hoan Jam Trén nam vwong, cé6 Ly Hang gitip, d2 tién dinh, Vaa lai cho rang An nam thong ddng voi Chiéw thanh. nén ra Iénh cho quan di gik mugn dwéng An nam ma ai. ‘Vua An nam JA Tran Nhat Hang noi rang ti nude 6rg qua Chiém thanh dwong thay duong bé déu khong tién. rdi chia quan ra cac dao @8 chéng git. Thoat Hoan dén phia bic séng Phi hrong, dénh lon voi Nhjt Hang va pha duoc. Nhat Hing trén chay khéng rd vé dau. Bink Giao chi tuy bai, nhung thé cang ngay cng manh, cdn giita quan Trung quéc thi bénh tat xuit phat, bén nghi dén viée rit vé. Bay gid’ binh Giao ch? duéi dinh, Ly Hing tring tén déc chét. Thoit Hoan thoat duge. Nam Binh tuft (1286), vua xudng chiéu bai viée chinh phuc Nhat ban dé c&t dai quan di danh An nam... nim Dinh hoi - (1287), Nguyén thé 18 Iai xudng chiéu cho Thoit Hoan, cang bon A Bat Xich, Phan Tiép. sang @inh An ‘nam, cA thiy Mn b9. Quan Nguyén thing 17 tran rdi di siu vao dja, Vua An nam la Nbit Hing bé thanh ra biém, A Bat Xich néi : «Bich bé sto huyét irdn di xa, JA cé ¥ doi ching ta mét a3 méi danh. Tuéng sf ta déu ngudi Bac, trong budi xu’n ha giao thyi chuéng khi sé nfi lén, a% khéng danh dugc gic ma wong thye cing sé cing kiét. Vay khong thé & lai lau hon », Nhung bay gio Nhat Hing sai sit Gén xin hang d@ trigu dinh, cic twéng déu tin 1a thit. Ching hay doi mai khong thay ai dén hang, ma twong si phan nhiéu a3 bi bénh khong danh duge nita. Lic dé méi lo viée rit. Nbit Hing ty quan ba chyc van cat dwéng v8 cia Thoat Hoan, binh sf éng phai vira @anh vira di. dung a6 méi ngay dén mvoi Hin. Dich chiém cdc ch hiém yéu b4n tén dc ra. Binh sf thi chwa bang bé xong throng tich @i phii chéng cy. Phan Tiép, A Bat Xich déu chét. Thodt Hoan theo awong ré ma vé. Nguyén Thé t8 thy Thodt Hoan v6 céng bat di lam tr. thi Duong chau. sudt dei khéng cho gip nita! (4) (4) Léon Weiger, Bac siz, tip 2, Hien Hien, 1929, trang 1708. 27Negi khen tinh ‘hin khing chién cia ngwdi Vidt-Nam, thiét trong skhéng ai thanh céng hon tac gid cia doan sir vira trich. Cac lin khang Tong, khang Thanh, két qna ciing khéng kém gi. “Nhung hai Vin ny ngwai dio klong phdi khéng gip khé khan. Ho ding ‘trie cAnh tugng thay ngdi adi chia va long trung quan cia ho se Ngoai ra, Lé Hoan, voi nhitng mau chuyén thim yang chuyén ché & vehd cung trigu, khéng phai 1a mét ngwoi khéng dang trach. Con Nguyéo Hué, adi voi dai da sé dan Dai Viét, vin con nh mét ngirdi chia quen biét, Diu vay, ho da xép lai mét bén tit cA nhitng bét ddng nhd hep + chung lo vige lon. Long trung quan di niuong chS cho long 4i quéc. Ping truéc nan mat cdn cha d%t moe, ho di cing voi nhitng -eip chi huy cia ho thet lén ring dit nude cia ho phai con, thé Ja lyc lugng xdm ling tan ri. Theo Téng sit, thi sau khi quan Téng thua tran & Dai cd viét, Tong Thai tong @& «xudng chiéu gigt Luu Trimg -va Gia That, ngay trong trai quan, cing bit Tén Toan Hung ha ngue» (3) ‘Bé 1a sd phin ohitng tuong lanh sdng sét, chua noi dén mét sé khac bj Vist quan bit hoje tir tran. V8 cuge xudt qnin cia Ton St Nghj nim 11788-1789, Hodng Lé Nhat Thong chi tom tat ring: «Khi quan Téng dée vchay trén v8 bic, trong lic vdi va khéng thu kip a3 dac, réi dén dia dau Phong nhin lai duge tin tong Tay son la Pic léc hau theo déng @ao kéo quan dén chin, lan nita hét sire hdt bodng, trong nguéi mang ‘theo duoc gi phai vit Iai tit ca gifta dwéng, lo thoat Idy thin. Vi vay nhitng vit Thanh @ ban cho 6ng, nhw s&c thu, co higu, quan 4n, déu ngwéi Tay son Iwom duoc dem vé». (6) Néu vi-téng tr Iénh ma sdiéu ding déo thé, héi sé phan binh st cdn dén thé nso? Trugng hep khing Minh cin phai chi trong cach rigag, khong sphai chi vi tinh c4ch lau dai cia né, ma cdn vi chinh sw xuat hién cia ngwéi lah dao, Lé-Lgi. Trong Vin nay, tinh thin quéc gia cham ‘tinh thirc trong dam dong, dén ndi Trung quéc 4% cé th® td chite lai agn théng tri gidng ahr khi Viét-Nam chua dc lap vi qua mgt thoi gian hai miroi nim trwéng. Ching ta aght sao vé hién-tugng a6? True hét khong th? néi diye ring din Viét-Nam cé mét Itc nao 6 a4 danh chZp nhin quy8n 46 hO cha phuwong Bac. Xét cho dén ‘noi thi trong théi gian nha Minh lam chi Dai ngu, chi cd bén nim, KS tir thang chap nim Quy ti (23-12-1413 aén 2t-1-1414), lic Trang Quang ©) Téng sit, trong bd Nhj thdp ngii sit, Elwong Cang Vin hoc nghién setru x3, 1959, quyén 4, c6t 1, trang 4502, (6) Ngé thei Chi, Hedng Lé Nad Thug cht, vidnh cha Vigo-khto of, A220,a bi bat, cho dén ngay 2 thang giéng o’m Mau-tudt (7-2-1418), ngay Lé-Loi cong khai khdi nghTa, 1A khéng cé nhitng hoat déng khang chién qui md, nbuag khéng phai la khong cé hoat ddng nao. Ching han, thang chin nam Binh-than (1416), binh s¥ da adi day & huyén Tan aa va bi Truong Phy dep t4t. Bigu quan hé 1a tim cho biét tai sao sire khang chién cham dat két qua. Ly do dau tién la si ac cha nhitng ké cim quyén Viét-Nam Ie bay gid. Long doc ac cia Lé hay Ud Quy Ly déi voi nha Tram nhin dan cé 1@ khong ai ma khéng biét, Xay dp quyn thé nho mura chuge hon 1a nha thie tt, Quy Ly d% ngwgc di mot cach phi phang cp trén cia dng. Ong ai lira dao Tran Nghé-téng, dng di giét Tran Thudn- tong, dng aR cep ngdi Trin Thiéu dé. Nhitog hanh dong vé loai do dit a@ lam cho sf phu khinh thi, nhan tam ly tao, Hon thé nita, ho HO khong kiéng n@ gi toan din, Ong di xwong xudt nhigu cai cach ma ngudi thoi dé yom ghéi, vi du tng thug gép doi, gdp ba, Mp ra tida gidy @é thau cia, kiém tra Ida gao dé mua ép voi tién gidy. Ngay nay, nghe tigng lap ra tin gidy, co ngwoi twong ring ciing cé hé théng gidng nhu trong thé kj hai muoi nén vdi khen 14 mét sing kién céch mang. Nhung nguoi thoi 46 biét ré hon: ti8n gidy ma khong bio dim, ch¥ Vi thé khong la gi, khi quan Minh sip kéo qua, va Quy Ly cing Hin Thuong trigu tip cac an phi sir v8 kink. dé ban ké nén hoa hay chién, 14 Twong quéc Ding d& khong ngiin ngai néi Ién sy that nay: «Thin khdng sy chiém, chi sy long din khong theo ma thdi» (7). MA long dan di khéng theo that, va long dan khong theo la héng hét. Ho khéng theo, khéng phii 1a ho khong yéu nuée, phung la dé chitng ring ho khéng chip nhan nhitng nha anh dao bat ngbia, bat nhin. Ja mot mru mé cuep ch Cp linh dao nay con t6 ra hén nhat, kém muu, vd trach nhiém, do 1a ly do thir hai, Thang 10 nim Quy-vi (1403), cé mot sd nha su Vide, trugc kia 43 duge giti sang Trung-qudc, nay lam si nha Minh tro ve do thim tinh hin, va nhin tign cho thin thude biét phai ty vg lum sao phong khi quan Minh xim én, ho HO di khéng Igi dung dic bon thin thuge dé dé nhe cde nha sir giy aah hudng noi Minh tridu, lai dem ho giét di, khiéa cde sit gid mang han tha déi voi Bai ngu. Lai thay nh Minh manh, ho Hd sg sét dem moi dén dat, Thit vay, dau om Atdju (1403), nha Minh 4di My ving Léc-chiu cia Lang-son Quy Ly lia dit quan Hanh khién Hoang Hdi Khanh lam cat dia sit, cdl 59 thon giso cho, Thang ty nim Binh-tuZt (14u6), ly co dem Tria Thiém Binh vé nue, Minh d& cho mot dao quan nhé sang. Nho bé tri sin, HO xa chan dong Minh quan, bat (7) Todn thir, ban kj, quyén 8, le 49 be@iuge mét sé. Bang 18 Quy Ly ding nhitng ngwoi dé lam gia adi ly da binh, thi khéng. dng dem ho phan thap vao Nghé-an, rdi sai st sang Minh ciu hoa. Nhu vay, mao cé la gi khi thdy Minh trigu giit vsie Iai va c&t dai quan di xam chiém, Rdi, vao cudi nim, dich déa that, thi cha con ho H6, mic dau 4% chuan bi lau, nhat 1a & Da-bang, cing phdi that bai tran nay dén tran khac, Quan ciia Truong Phu lay Viet tri ngay 2 thing chap, ngay 9 thang d6, vién twong & ddn Méc pham, Nguyén Cong Khdi, con « phirong di nit sic ty ngu » (8), nén d& bi dich tn céng khéng kip tré. Thé la, ba ngay sau, chinh thanh Da-bang that thi (agay 12 thang chap, ttre ngay 20 thang 1, 1107). Ta dé Hd Quy Ly va H6 Har Thweng luu lac dé khong 10 sau bi gide bat, cha & cia Chi-chi ngay 11 thang 5 nim Binh ti (16/6/1407, va con, ngay hom sau, & mii Thién-clm, tai Ky-la. Dan tha ghét cZp lénh dao, rdi chinh cap Iinh dao thiéu can dim va chi bai, thé da di cho van nwéc ngira nghiéng. Dang lic dé, néu lye lwong xim Hing khén khéo nika, 1a da tréi xudi tét e6 th8 phéng xa. Ma nha Minh, trong meu m6 thén tinh Dai ngu, 4% td ra rat khén khéo, &hén khéo dén ranh manh. Loi dung thé yéu cia nha Hd, ho manh mé phd struong danh nghia phd Tran. Vira dén noi 1a ho lay nhitng miéng van nhé, viét vao trén @6 c& téi ac cha Quy Ly, ca chi trong khéi phuyc triéu dai chin théng ciia ho rdi thd xu6ng séng cho tréi vé viing déng dan cr & chau thd. Vi a3 bj dan 4p qua, dan ching dé‘dang tin theo nhitng lai 18 dugm miu chinh ghia, Sau, khi di lam chi duge tinh hinh vé mit quan sy, ho bay tro mua long quan lai va si phu, Buge mon 4ron, cac quan Dai ngu da tuyén bd dong ddi nha Trin khéng con va _yéu cu nha Minh cai trj. DS cho givi nho hoc bang long, ho da x4y Vin miéu, xy din X@ tic, ap hoc hiéu, tuyén nguéi vao Quéc tir giam. Bing thoi voi nhiing hoat déng iy hau ¥ lira bip dé, ho lai td chire mét hé thing kigm sot chat ché. nao Ja phan chia phi huyén theo 16i Trung-quéc, nao 1a Jap hé thiép, nao la kiém tra dao dinh. Ho ra agi dé dé ait kém kep vio, va mét khi k@m kep dit xong, ngudi aminh tinh diy mun gé di that 1a mét viée khd. Sau hét, phong trio khang chién chim thanh céng, cén tai nguyén do nly nifa, 14 nhiing k8 dimg ra Hinh dao khéng chién thiéu uy tin va kh ming. Ai cling biét long dan co theo, méi lam gi duge. Ma long dan 4a mot tigm lye cia phii kich déng day. Tiém lye dé lai tin man, can phai dugc tip teung. Sw tip trung niy, binh thoi, 4% bade phi (8) Toda-thu, bia kj, quyén 8, te 53 b.<6 mét stre thu hut kha lon méi thanh, hudng hd la khi ké tho da giing bha chwong ngai khip noi. Bi 46, nhitng déng co thong thong thé tit khéng cé hiégu yc. Vay ma cae nhan vat nhw Tran Ngéi, Trin Quy Khoach khéng th8 tung ra gi khic ngodi nhitng déng co thong throng. Néu Ién treee mit quéc din, t&t ci gid tri cia ho chi la sy dng huyét théng voi mét dong ho dé vwong di bi mai mét mét cach oan irc. Bj oan ma tim cich mink oan kh6éng phai khéng cé nguéi hudng wog. Nhung tiéng minh oan sau bay nam bi tic nghén, ty né da yéu et, hudng hd cang khéng thé tré thanh tiéng goi dan. Hon nika, nd cdn bi gim di gitta bao nhiéu tiéng gio thét khac cia mét dich thé dang nam wu thé. Cho nén khéng bao lau, tiéng mioh oan d& td ra Sp ung, va Gian dink 4é bi Trwong Phu bat vao thang 7 nim Kj-siru (1 thang 8 dén 8 thang 9, 1409), Tring Quang dé ciing dién lai cing mét man va cling di bj bat vao thing chap nam Quy-ti (23 thang 12 1413 dén 21 thing 1, 1414). Nhung, véi théi gian, lop nhung lira bip boc ngoai ban tay sit ela chinh sich dé hO6 a3 bj mon thing, dé 19 ra cA tinh chat bao tan bi di cha nd. Nao MA nguwéi Minh bit phu di cdc céng truéng loc vang bac, vao nui tim voi trang, xudng bién mo hat trai, nao la ho giit déc quyén bin mudi, doi thué ma ning n&. Ho Jai bit dan thay d6i y phuc, cing thu thap di san vin héa dem vé Trung-hoa, nbat 1a bat linh, & ving bic méi h6é ba dinh, & ving trung méi hé hai, Chet chan, din Dai ngu phii hi migng. Nhung migng ha d@ than track kéu gio con cé phan dé, chit chan a bi chén chet chit trong xitug xich ngoai bang, muén rut ra, tat phai nat thit tray xwong. Va Lé Loi ai Jigu than ganh vac céng viéc rit thoat may cho ding bao. Biét cong viéc cin phadi lau dai, 6ng mét long kién quyét. Khéi nghia ty Lam son, éng liga phai trén tranh gitta mudn nghin gian khd rdi Jai tré vé Lam son. Lin thé obit, ngay 4 thing 4, nim Mau-todt @/6/1418), 6ng tro vé nho sip xk than cia Lé Lai, Hin thit hai, vao thing 7 nim dé, nho quan Minh dgi lau ngay phi rit di, lin tht ba, ngay 7 thang 4 mim Quy-mo (16/ 5/ 1423) nho diu dink. Kinh nshiém cha nim nim tranh du cho thay ring Lam son khong phai 1a dia Igi Ong khong nga ngai doi vao Nghé an. Qua thé, ding nhw ké hoach, tai Nghé an, din d6n ru@c ng, dich thua va din hang dng, Ong vay 1dy lyre long djch trong thank @@ tién vide tuyéa dwong thanh thé. Rdi thdy mét s6 din s& di lirng khirng, khdng chju ting h6 céng cuge gidi phéng, chi vi chwa thiy rd chinh nghia cita viéc éng lam, éng lidn dit mét nguéi ho Trin ln lam vua, Tai Nghé an, vao thang 11 nim Atty, (1425), oghYa 1a dang khi chuia bj tén, cing Bong qaan va cd nhiéa 31Ja lic cin déa sy nang a cia dai ching nhit, éng che Trin Tung lén ngéi, ly bigu 1A Thién khank, déng & Ngoe ma. Khéng cin phai néi IA sau ei chi khén khéo 46, sf phu khép noi hing hai gitp dng. Dau vay, di khong tr min, 60g luén luén cin than, dang moi muu luge a8 chién thing. Troe site ctru vién khong 1d cia dich dang kéo toi, tuéng si giuc éng danh Pong quan rdi hin tré Jai duong dau voi site ciru vién. Lé Loi khong nghe. Ong thita biét Bong quan thanh tri kiéa cé. Néu danh, 16 ma chiéa cuge kéo dai, tt sé bi dich thic cA dang trwéc Van dang sau, Va khi éng dinh danh lye luong citu vién truec, éng con biét phan biét. Ligu Thang, ti Quang tay sang, con tré, rit hing, t&t sé cé nhiéu so hd. Ong truy&n cho twong si san sang dé thira co, va co hoi di dén that voi tran Chi ling oanh ligt. Con Moc Thanh gid, tat clin than va tién cham, lénh cia éng cho cae thi ha chin duwéng Van-nam 1a khoan danh, hin ky hrdng 46 tinh hinh, Két qua 1a chua dish Méc Thanh di chay, vi nghe tin Lidu Thing thua, Ciing thé, khong dénh mA Dong quan ciing hang. Sy xuit hign cha Lé-Loi tréa chién trudng Vidt-Nam 1a sip xudt ign ciia mot vi cttu tinh kién gan, khén khéo, va can dim, mua lige. Nhe kién gan, khdn khéo, éng ai kich déng va qui ta duge tim lye khang chién cia nh’n dan, nho can dam, muu lec, éng 44 toan thang. duge giie manh. Nhwag sy xoit hién cha Lé-Loi khdng phai ndi lén chi cé thé N6é coaching minh tinh cach ty tén cS hitu cla quée Nam. Qui thé Lé-Lgi chinb Ja sin nhi cia tinh thin khing chien luda luén hoat déng trong moi ngwéi din Viet. Ong khong phai gia Vi chéng danh Trung-hoa. Khi nha Téng B ahi cic vi anh hing khi kéo quan sang, Lé Hoan di 1a Thip dg Twong quan. Khi Thoat 'oan, 0 Ma Nhi, 3 at dén, Trin Quée Tudo dita Hung Bao vwong, Trin Khanh Du di Ia Nhan Hué virong. Khi Tén St Nghi vao Thing long voi Lé Chiéu thdng, Nguyén Tug 8 1a Quang trong cai trj mot phin dit née. Cac vi nay di Ja nhiing nha linh dao mang ning ng com do voi non sing. Chir Lé-Loi thi khéng Khi quan Minh dit nén dO hd, 6ng chi JA mot nan ohan nh muén nghia naa nban khic & cic xém lang min duyén son hay chau thd. Cai lam cho Ong ndi diy, khong phii trach nhiém hién tai d6i voi vua hay déi voi dan, ma chinh 1a ¥ chi quat cwong cia mot quée gia doe lap. ¥ chp 32,nay 45 thic diy 6ng, @% nang d& 6ng, ai udn n’n ong, aa dem Ong Jen dai khai thang. La vi quéc gia Viél-nam phai khii thing dé ty tn va truong tén. Be ndi 1én sir Adc biét cia vai tro Lé Loi, thi ha Sng, truée khi ti€n ra Dong quan, a% xung dng la Dai Thién Hanh Héa. Ho co y néu Ién ring 6ng khéng dia vao uy thé cita mét trigu dai mao, ma dya vao chinh ménh Tréi, 48 inh dao cuge khang chién, Nhung, ding hon, cé 18 phai xumg 6ng 1d Bai Viet Hanh Hoa, vi noi dng da thé hién t&t cA tinh cach bét khu&t cha nuée non nha bén day ching ta 4% gip duge nhitng yéu tO cin thidt a8 tra Joi cau hoi AXt ra trén, y ring: Lich sit cd cung c&p cho Viét-nam cai da khdi thdng mii khong? Nén voi Lé Hoan, voi Trin Khanh Dir, Tria Qube ‘Tukn, voi Nguy&n Hué, ching ta da co th® néi cd, thi voi Le Loi ching ta cang c6 thé chée chin nhw vay. Lich sit Viét-nam 1a Tjeh sit od chiu réng lai cé chiu sdu. Vi cay Viél-nam khéng phij chi xanh hoa tét 14, ma con map gdc, chic ré Két ludn vé thei khaj sinh cia Vigt-nam, ching tdi di viét: « N8n ddc lap cha cd Viet di @ge hoan thanh trong ém dep cila thoi binh nén nwée Vigt-nam ching khac gi mét qua chin rung ra khdi cay me d& ty sng mdt cude doi riéng, mang day di sinh hre trong chink minh » (9). Khi mét cay aa mang diy di sinh lye trong chinh minh, va d& co g6c map ré sau, thi mot canh cé th® bi gdy, va, van nhft, than cay cé th® bj adn, nhung cay khéng sao chét duge. Ty géc né, ngudi ta sé th’y mam nly Ién va cay s6ng lai... Tré lén la on cB... Naging On cB c6t a tri tan. 4; Ngay mai cita Viét-nany nhw thé no ? Mu@n Diet, cir dem cai da lich sir vira ph&n t{ch so sinh voi thye trang ngay nay, & Trung-hoa... & Viét-nam... Mét digu cé thé chée duge, la néu cae nha [Anh dao hién thoi m&m chat day cuong lich si, thi ching nhftng Viét-nam sé thing, ma con thing trong ohitng digu kién vé vang nhft. NGUYEN-PHUONG guyén-Phuong, Viét-Nam, thoi Rhai-sink, Bai-hgc Hu8, 1965 trang 335. @ 33,