3.

No [Republicans](- R) are Democrats]( - D), so some Democrats are [wealthy stockbrokers]( -

WS), because some wealthy stockbrokers are not Republicans.
Some WS are not R
No R are D
--------
Some D are WS
Invalid, exclusive premises

Some toilet paper rolls are not things that are white
No things that are white are black things
---------
Some black things are toilet paper rolls
Arguing that is like arguing that No things that are white are black things, so some black things
are toilet paper rolls, because some toilet paper rolls are not things that are white.
8.
No [intellectuals (= I)] are [successful politicians (= SP)], because no [shy and retiring
People (=SR)] are successful politicians, and some intellectuals are shy and retiring
People.
No SR are SP
Some I are SR
----------------
No I are SP
Invalid, illicit minor

No things that are alive are things that are dead

Some creatures on the Earth are things that are alive
---------------
No creatures on the Earth are things that are dead
Arguing that is like arguing No creatures on the earth are things that are dead, because no
things that are alive are things that are dead, and some creatures on the Earth are things that
are alive.
9.
All [trade union executives (= TU)] are [labor leaders (= LL)], so some labor leaders are
[conservatives in politics (=CP)], because some conservatives in politics are
trade union executives.
Some CP are TU
All TU are LL
----------
Some LL are CP
Valid. No rules broken.

Some banjos are musical instruments

All musical instruments are things that play musical notes
------------
Some things that play musical notes are banjos.
Arguing that is like saying all musical instruments are things that play musical notes, so some
things that play musical notes are banjos, because some banjos are musical instruments.