Intermediate Vocabulary BJ Thomas Nelson‘Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd Nelson House Mayfield Road Walton-on-Thames Surrey KT125PL_UK 51 York Place Edinburgh EH SID UK ‘Thomas Nelson (Hong Kong) Ltd Toppan Bullding 10/ 22A Westlands Road Quarry Bay Hong Kong © B,J. Thomas 1986 Firat published by Edward Amold (Publishers) Ltd 1986. Reprinted four times. ISBN 0-7131-8427-2 ‘This edition published by Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd 1990 ISBN 0-17-555144-3, NPN 98765 [All rights reservad. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission orin accordance with.the provisions of the Copyright, Design and Patents Act 188, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying Issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, £0 Tottenham Court Road, London, WP SHE. ‘Any person who does any unauthorised act In relation to this. publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and clvil claims for damages. Printed in Hong Kong. Cartoons by Matthew DoyleContents SS Introduction Topics Air Travel....5, Bank Accounts....6, Books and Reading....7, Cars....8, Cinema and Films....9, Doctors and Hospitals....10, Education....11, Elections and Government....12, Flats and Houses....13, Food and Restaurants....14, Gambling, Smoking and Drinking....18, Industry and 16, International Relations....17, Law and Order....18, 19, Natural Disasters....20, Public Transport....21, Romance and Marriage....22, Shopping....23, Sport....24, Television and Newspapers....26, Theatre....26, Travel....27, War....28, Welfare Slate....28, Work....30 Mini Topics Argument, Sadness, Nervousness....31, Success, Fame, Pride....32, Birth, Childhood and Adolescence, Death. ..33, Advertising, Art, Photography....34, Military Servic Police, Security Work....35, The Countryside, The Seaside, Mountains. 36, Electrical Appliances, The Telephone, Computers....37, Factory Work, Office Work, A Strike....38 Related Word Groups Sounds, Animal Sounds....39, Human Sounds, Ways of Lookin: Walking, Body Movements....41, Containers....42, Furniture and Fittings....43, Connectors....44, Tools....45, Vehicles, Bicycle....46, Collective Nouns, Young Animals....47, Law Breakers....48, Occupations....49, Male and Female, People....60, Clothes. ...51, Parts of the Body....52, Punctuation Marks.and Printing, British Measurements....53, Quantities, Shapes....54 40, Word Building Prefixes....55, Suffixes....68, Nouns made from verbs....60, Nouns made from adjectives....68, Adjectives made from nouns...,72, Adjectives made from verbs....74, Verbs made from nouns....75, Verbs made from adjectives....76 Specialized Vocabulary Formal Words....77, Slang and Colloquial Words....79, American Words....80, Newspaper Headlines....81, Abbreviations....82 Pairs of Words Often Confused....84 Key....89To the student To the teacher INTRODUCTION Intermediate Vocabulary is for students who already have a reasonable ‘command of the basic structures of English and who now wish to expand their vocabulary. It can be used both in the classroom and at home. It gives invaluable assistance to students preparing for the Cambridge First Certificate in English examination. Intermediate Vocabulary presents new words from a wide variely of topic and language areas. Varied and enjoyable exercises, such as gap filing and ‘word building, guide students in using the new words. Learners studying on their own should avoid simply going through the book ‘fling in the blanks’. Exercises should be done at intervals as a supplement to other materials, and students should give themselves time to practise and use what they have learnt before going on to learn more. It is not enough simply to complete the exercises and understand the new words encountered. Learners must actually use the words in conversation, composition or letters before they can feel that these words are truly a part of their active vocabulary. Although it is chiefly aimed at the intermediate student, advanced students will find this book useful to test and practise their vocabulary, as well as to fill in any gaps in their knowledge. Intermediate Vocabulary is divided into six sections, each comprising a wide varioty of exercises in which target words are contextualized. The first two sections contain words and phrases in topic areas, such as sport or education, and include items useful for students writing about or discussing a particular topic. The third and fourth sections, Related Word Groups and Word Building, introduce new words and practise skills such as deducing meaning, word building and word transformation. The fith section, Specialized Vocabulary, is intended for more advanced students, as an introduction to areas of language outside those they will have encountered so far In their studies, These include formal words, slang, words used in newspaper headlines, abbreviations and American words. The final section, Pairs of Words Otten Confused, is intended as @ reference section to be turned to as and when problems arise with a particular pair of words. The items of vocabulary in this chapter can give difficulty because (a) they have similar spelling and similar or even identical pronunciation, 0.9. principalfprinciple, (b) they have similar but not Identical meaning, .g. grateful/thanktul, (c) one of the words in the pair has a different meaning in other languages, e.g. actually/now. Intermediate Vocabulary can be used in a variety of ways. Exercises can be done as pair or group activities in class, leading to a discussion, writing activity or other creative task. Altc natively, exercises can be done as homework, with the aid of the key and a dictionary, in preparation for a class discussion or work on a specific area of language. The book can also be used {for revision and consolidation work.TOPICS Air Travel 1 Put each of the following words or Phrases in its correct place in the passage below. departure lounge immigration officer check-in desk departure gate security guard duty free board departures board hand luggage check “excess baggage check in taxi passengers announcement funway trolley security check conveyor belt on board take off When travelling by air you have to get to the airport early in order to (a) about an hour before your flight. If you have a lot of luggage, you can put it on a (b)_and push it to the (c) , where someone will (d) your ticket and weigh your luggage. If you have (e) , it can be expensive. Your heavy luggage Is put ona(t) and carried away. A light bag is classed as (g) and you can take it with you on to the plane. An (h) looks at your passport and a (i) checks your hand luggage before you go into the () to wait till your flight is called. if you want to, you can buy some cheap (k) goods here. Then you see on the 0) or you hear an (m) that you must (n) your plane. You go through the (0) , then there is sometimes a ) before you actually enter the plane. When alll the (q)__ are (1) , and when the captain and his crew are ready in the cockpit, the plane begins to (s) to the end of the (t)___. Finally, permission is received from the control tower and the plane moves faster and faster in order to (u) 2 Instructions as above, headphones seatbelts aisle land turbulence cabin crew airliner Flying Is fun. | like being in a big (a) with the (b) __ (stewards and stewardesses) looking after me. They walk up and ‘down the (c) bringing meals and drinks; and if the flight is going through some (d) , they warn everybody that it might be a bit bumpy and ask us to fasten our (2) - Ona long flight | like listening to music through the (f) available to all passengers, and sometimes | have a sleep. | enjoy it all so much that | never want the plane to (g)__. 3. Put one of the following words in each space in the sentences below. through at to off in on for by (a) We decided to go (e) His friend went the plane. airport with him to see him {b) When do we take 2 —_. (0) First you must go () You must check at customs and immigration, 10.30. (¢) You'd better ask the (g) Put your luggage a information desk. troliey. (h) He looked my Passport.Opening an account Current and deposit accounts Using your account Spending Bank Accounts 4 Put each word or phrase in the group below in its correct place in the following passage. overdraft formalities fillin account open branch __bank charges It's very simple to (a) a bank (b) in Britain. There are very few (c) "Just go to your focal (d) , (@) afew forms, and that’s it. You will probably only have to pay (f) if there is no money in your account or if you borrow money from the bank, in other words if you have an (g) 2. Instructions as above. notice current cheque withdraw deposit interest For regular everyday use most people prefer a (a) This normally earns no (b) but you are given a (c) which makes shopping and paying bills very easy. A (d) account earns interest but it's not so easy to (e) your money. You sometimes have to give a week's (f) account. book, 3° Instructions as above. balance deposit withdrawal standing order _staternent ‘At regular intervals, perhaps monthly, you will receive a (a) from the bank, giving details of each (b) (money you put in) and iG) {money you take out). If you're not sure how much money you have in your account, you can just go to your bank and ask what your (d) . If you have to make a regular payment, like rent, you can ask the bank to pay this amount for you automatically. This arrangement is called a (e) 4 Instructions as above. - cash. counterfoil income expenditure” keep arecord crossed: overdrawn ‘Some people spend more money than they receive. In other words, their (a) is greater than their (b) If you take more money ‘out of the bank than you have in your account, you are (0) .To 0) of your spending, it's a good idea when you write a cheque to fillin the ()______, which stays in the book. Most cheques are 0 cheques, which means that no one else can (9) them. ‘They must be paid into someone's account. 5 Put one of the following words or phrases in each space in the sentences below. outof from for at in to (2) He borrowed £10 his (e) You'll get a statement father. regular intervals. (b) She filled the cheque. (f)_ He took £100 his (0) | asked my balance. bank. (@) prefer a current account (9) He withdrew £100 his a deposit account, bank.Kinds of book Reading Books and Reading 1 Match each kind of book on the right below with what you would normally find in it on the left. (a) maps guidebook (b) exercises and diagrams etc. for school study dictionary (c) meanings of words manual (d) information about a subject atlas (2) an exciting story of crime or adventure thriller (instructions, for example on how to maintain, repair and use a car textbook (Q) tourist information and advice about a place or country Who's Who (h) alist of important, famous people and details of their lives encyclopaedia 2 Put each of the following words in its correct place in the passage below. fine bookworm browse bibliography footnotes reviews illustrations borrow glossary published {love books. | love to read. I'm a real (a) and | love to (0) in bookshops, just looking briefly al one book after another. Hook at the (c) , the photos or drawings. If there are foreign or technical words in the book, | look at the (d) at the back for their meanings (unless they're explained in (e) at the bottom of the pages) and I look at the (f)_____, also at the back, which is a list of other books on the same subject. And | use the library a lot. !@) two or three books a week, and | have to pay a (h) | return them late. Friends often recommend books to me, and | also read book (i) in the newspapers. | don't always agree with ‘them; but anyway they let me know what new books are being if 3 Explain the difference between... (a) contents page and index (2) biography and autobiography i (b) bookshop and library (f) fiction, non-fiction and (0) author and publisher reference books {d) lend and borrow 4 Put one of the following words in each space in the sentences below. by from in up at on {a) | borrowed this book {e) You'll have to look the library. the meaning a (b) The index is the back dictionary. of the book. () ‘Hamlet’ is (0) There are footnotes _ Shakespeare, the bottom of the page. (g) The librarian said the book (4) Tread it a book. was the top shelf,Cars Parts of a car 1 Next to each letter in the pictures below, write the name of the car-part it illustrates from the following list. number plate bonnet seatbelt headlights boot _ steering wheel headrest windscreen wheel accelerator (pedal) windscreen wipers clutch (pedal) dashboard exhaust pipe tyre _ brake (pedal) mirror engine bumper aerial gear lever — rear- Cars and driving 2. Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in the sentences below. overtake mpg(miles per gallon) rear reverse petrol tank vehicle fuel consumption body performance instruments indicate {a) The amount of petro! a car uses is called the and itis, measured in . The petrol goes in the (b) The way a car behaves (speed, brakes, acceleration etc.) is called the car's : (6) We can talk about the back of a more often we use the word (d) The speedometer, fuel gauge, and so on are called (@) To means to pass another vehicle going in the same direction, {) Ifyou have to go backwards, you . (@) The outside surface of the car, made of metal or fibreglass, is called the . (h) Make sure you (car, bus, lorry etc.) but before turning left or right.A visit to the cinema A film review Cinema and Films 1 Put each of the following words in its correct place in the passage below. cinema foyer aisle trailer cartoon critic usherette poster Tow screen horror performance review Fiona and | went to the (a) the other day to see ‘Devil’ at the Odeon. The (b) by the Daily Express (c) was good, and we decided to go to the 8 o'clock (d) . When | arrived, Fiona was waiting for me in the (e looking at a (f) for ‘Devil’ on the walll. The (g) took our tickets and showed us to our seats. | don't like to be too close to the (h) and | usually sit in the back (i) if possible, and | prefer a seat on the ()) sol can stretch my legs. Before the main film there was a Mickey Mouse () , then a (I) for the following week's film. ‘Devil’ was a (m)_____film and | was quite terrified, but Flona thought it was funny. 2 Instructions as above. documentary location role director cast boxoffice studio. critical performance plot Marlon Brando is a superb actor and in ‘On the Waterfront’ he gave his finest (a) . Its his best-known (b) . The (c) also included Eva Marie Saint and Karl Malden and the film’s d) . Elia Kazan, never made a better film. Parts of the film were shot in the (2) in Hollywood, but a lot was made on (f)__ the streets of New York, which makes it at times like a(g)__ critics toved the film but it was not only a (h) success. It was a great (i) success as well, and made an enormous profit. The 0 is about a young man’s attempt to be a boxing champion. 3 Put one of the following words in each space in the sentences below. to in on at for (a) Itwasn't made (h) Let's go the cinema. location, (This tims based a (b) Itwas made the book. studio. () Like to sit the back. (e) Is there a good film (k) She prefers to sit the tonight? front. (d) What's the () We were shown our Odeon? seats the third row, (2) He likes to sit the (m) Sometimes the cast list aisle. comes the end of the () tthappened the film. beginning of the film, (9) There was a trailer the next week's film.Medical staff and Doctors’ surgeries and hospitals 10 Dociors and Hospitals 1 Match each person on the right with a definition on the left. (a) an ordinary doctor patient {b) someone who looks after sick people in hospital surgeon (©) person who helps people with mental problems out-patient (d) sick person receiving treatment in-patient (e) sick person who has to stay in hospital medical student (A) sick person who has to visit hospital regularly for treatment casualty (g) someone who operates on sick people psychiatrist (h) person badly injured in an accident, fire, war nurse {person who helps at the birth of a baby general practitioner ()_ person who studies to be a doctor specialist (K) person who specializes in one area of medical treatment midwife 2. Put each of the following words in its correct place in the passage below. thermometer ward prescription operation stethoscope pulse receptionist appointment chemist symptoms examine treatment waiting room temperature When | go to the doctor, | tell the (a) my name and take a seat in the (b) . My doctor is very busy so | have to make an © before I go to see him. He asks me what's wrong with me, Hell him the (d) of my iliness, for example high-temperature, difficulty in breathing, or pains, and then he will usually (e) me. He'll listen to my heart with his (f) he'll hold my wrist to feel my (g)____, he'll take my (h) with his () . The problem is usually something simple and he might give me a () for some medicine, which I take to the (k) - Of course, if needed more serious (I) , I'd have to go to hospital. There I'd be put in a bed ina(m) with 10 or 20 other people. If there were something seriously wrong with me, | might need an (n) 3 Putone of the following words in each space in the sentences below. from on with in to for of (a) He was operated (4) Ihave a pain my yesterday. back. {b) She was taken (e) What's wrong you? hospital, (f) He died cancer. (0) He suffered bad (g) She got worse so they sent headaches. a doctor,Education 1 Puteach of the following words or phrases in its correct space in the passage below. state terms seminar degree co-educational private _ primary tutorial graduate nursery school grant secondary lecture break up compulsory fees academic When children are two or three years old, they sometimes go to a @) , where they learn simple games and songs. Their first real school is called a (b) school. In Britain children start this school at the age of five. The (c) year in Britain begins in September and is divided into three (4) . Schools (2) for the summer holiday in July. (f) education begins at the age of about eleven, and most schools at this level are (g) . which means boys and girls study together in the same classes. In Britain education is th) from five to 16 years of age, but many children choose to remain at school for another two or three years after 16 to take higher exams. Most children go to (i) schools, which are maintained by the government or local education authorities, but some children go to) schools, which can be very expensive. University courses normally last three years and then students (k) , Which means they receive their (1) . At university, teaching is by (m) (an individual lesson between a teacher and one or two students), (n) {a class of students discussing a subject with a teacher), (0) (when a teacher gives a prepared talk to a number of students) and of course private study. Most people who receive a university place are given a (p) by the government to help pay their (q) and living expenses. 2 Explain the difference between . . (a) to sit an exam and to set an exam (b) to take an exam and to pass an exam (c) compulsory and voluntary (d) to educate and to bring up {e) a pupil and a student 3. Put one of the following words in each space in the sentences below. up to of at by from in into (a) Which schoo! do you go (g) School breaks next 2 Friday. (b) He left school theage —(h) He is now university, 18. () She is the same class {c) The summer term ends as her brother. duly. () Students usually receive a (d) She's not at home, she's grant the state, school. (&) They're given a grant (e) She goes Sussex the state. University. () His lecture was divided four parts. "Elections Government 42 Elections and Government 1 Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in the passage below. election campaign support polling day ballot box vote predict pinion poll polling station candidate People sometimes try to (a) the result of an election weeks before it takes place. Several hundred people are asked which party they prefer, and their answers are used to guess the result of the coming election. This is called an (b) . Meanwhile each party conducts its (c) with meetings, speeches, television commercials, and party members going from door to door ‘encouraging people to (d) their party. In Britain everyone over 18 is eligible to (e) The place where people go to vote in an election is called a (f) and the day of the election is often known as (9) . The voters put their votes in a (h) and later they are counted. The (i) with the most votes is then declared the winner. 2 Instructions as above. cabinet alliance right-wing prime minister split coalition majority left-wing opposition one-party states. In most countries, except (a) , there are several different political parties. The one with the (b) ‘of seats normally forms the government, and the parties which are against the government are called the (c) . Sometimes no single party wins enough seats, and several parties must combine together in a (d) to form a government. The principal ministers in the government form a group called the (e) . The leader of this group, and of the government, is the (f) Of course, there are many different kinds of parties and governments. A socialist or communist party is often described as @ . Aconservative party on the other hand, is usually said to be (hy . Political situations are always changing. Sometimes in a party or between two parties there is a big argument or deep ° difference of opinion. This is called a (i) . When, on the other hand, two parties work together, this is sometimes called an (j) 3. Explain the difference between (a) pro- and anti- (b) an election and a referendum 4 Put one of the following words in each space in the sentences below. with for against to in between {a) | voted the Liberal candidate. (b) Put your voting papers the ballot box. (c) He's very right-wing, so he’s the socialists. (d) She belongs ‘the Communist Party. (e) The Liberals formed an alliance the Social Democrats. () There's a split the two parties. (9) There's a split the party.Buying a house Flats and Houses 1. Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct position in the passage below. deposit fee flat advertisements self-contained landlord rent block references accommodation agency ‘The first thing | had to do in London was find somewhere to live, if possible a small, one-bedroomed (a) . Ididn't want to share a kitchen or toilet; | wanted to be independent in my own (b) place. | decided | could pay a (c) of £60 a week. | couldn't find what I wanted in the newspaper (d) 0 | went to an (e) They offered me a nice place. It was in a modern (f) on the third floor. | had to pay the agency a (g) , and the (h) wanted abig (i) and (j) from my employer and bank manager. 2 Instructions as above. condition detached estate agent terraced spacious builder semi-detached architect. surveyor cramped removals ‘Tony and Sheila's first home was a (a) house, one of a line of houses all connected. But several years later when they had a small child, they found it rather (b) for three people. They wanted ‘something more (c) and 0 decided to move. They went to an @) ‘and looked at details of the houses he had to offer. They looked at a (e) house (one of a pair attached to each other), liked it, and asked a (f) to inspect it for them. He said that it was in good (a) , and they therefore decided to buy it. Luckily they sold their house quickly and soon a (h) firm was taking all their furniture and other possessions to their new home. But already, after a couple of years, they are hoping to move again, Tony's business is doing well and they want to get an (|) to design a modern, (i) house for them, and a (k) to build it, 3 Explain the difference between . . . (a) a landlord and a tenant (b) a house and a bungalow {c) ground floor and first fioor 4 Put one of the following words in each space in the sentences below. for at in on of into with (a) She wanted a place (). My flat is the top floor. her own. (g) My flat is a modern (b) He'll move tomorrow, block, (c) He'li move his new (h) The house is good flat tomorrow. condition. (d) share the kitchen () Hooked advertise- three other people. ments the newspaper. {e) The landlord asked the () She pays arent £90 a tenant more rent. week. 13Eating out Entertaining at home 14 Food and Restaurants 1. Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in the passage below, . bill fastfood cookerybooks eatout recipe dish menu take-away ingredients waiter snack tip I'ma terrible cook, I've tried hard but it's no use. I've got lots of a) , [choose a (b) I want to cook, | read the (c) , prepare all the necessary (d) and follow the instructions. But the result is terrible, and { just have a sandwich or some other quick () . So | often (f) . | don’t like grand restaurants. it's not the expense, it’s just that I don’t feel at ease in them. First the @ ives me a (h) which | can't understand because it’s Complicated and has lots of foreign words. At the end of the meal when | pay the (i) Tnever know how much to leave as a () | prefer (k) places, like hamburger shops where you Pay at once and sit down and eat straightaway. And | ike (!) places, where you buy a meal in a special container and take it home. 2 Instructions as above. cutlery vegetarian diet crockery side dish starter napkin entertaining sink main course washing up dessert Maureen often gives dinner parties at home. She loves (a) lays the table: puts the (b) in the right places, sets out the plates and puts a clean white (c) at each place. For the meal itself, she usually gives her guests some kind of (d) first, for example soup or melon. Next comes the (e) which is usually meat (unless some of her guests are (f) or if they're on a special (g) ___) with a (hy of salad. For (i) it's usually fruit or ice-cream, and then coffee, When everyone has gone home, she must think about doing the (j) 28 in the kitchen the . She wy) is full of dirty (1 _ 3. Explain the difference between (@) a buffet and a banquet (c) achef and a caterer (b) overcooked, undercooked (d) acafé and a canteen and raw 4 Putone of the following words in each space in the sentences below. to at down of for out in up (a) | asked the menu. (9) looked the menu. (b) [like to eat {h) I'm very fond Chinese (0) He took my order. food (6) prefer a simple café () Could you help me set a big restaurant. _—— the plates? {e) like to go self- (@) Putthe used cutlery service places. the sink, () Let's invite the Smiths (W) I'liwash them later. dinner.Gambling, Smoking and Drinking = ees eg ereeiKing Gambling 1_ Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in the passage below. casino fortune wreck punters gamesofchance broke betting odds bookmakers compulsive gamblers Some people are (a) which means that they simply cannot stop (b) ‘on horses or playing (c) It can be like a disease. If you're lucky, you can win a (d) but if you're unlucky it can (©) your life. And most people are unluckly. The (f) always against the gambler, At the race course it is the (g) win and the (h) who lose. From a game of roulette in the @ . the house makes a profit, the gambler often goes ()) Smoking 2 Instructions as above, eraving packet _chain-smoke stained putout harmful addiction “antisocial fatal ash trays To many people, smoking is not just a pleasure, it is an (a) . They need it, depend on it, can't stop it. if they haven't smoked for some hours, they fee! a (b) for a cigarette. They often are who ©) . which means they light another cigarette immediately they have (d) the one before. Smoking is often considered ) since many people don't like the smell of cigarettes or the sight of the smoker's (f) fingers or (9) full of cigarette- ends. Above all, smoking is (h to health and in many countries a warning is printed on every (i) of cigarettes. Scientists have proved that there is a link between smoking and a disease which can be @) cancer, Drinking 3° Instructions as above. Sociable sip soft drinks sober alcoholics spirits _ tipsy teetotallers—~ drunk ~-hangover Drinking habits vary. Some people don’t drink alcoho! at all, just @) like fruit juice. They are called (b) Others Tike to © a glass of wine slowly, just to be (d) Others like to Grink glass after glass of beer, or possibly (6) ‘such as whisky, brandy or vodka, Soon they become (1) and if they continue, they'll get (9) and wake up the next morning with a bad 0) . Some people are dependent on alcohol. They can't do without it. They are (j) ‘One thing is certain. If you drive, you shouldn't drink. Stay ()_____- 4 Put one of the following words in each space in the sentences below. down up out to on {a) Lots of punters have bet that horse. (b) He wants to give smoking or at least cut (c) No smoking. Please put your cigarettes. (d) Smoking is harmful your health. it can be fatal. (e) He was beginning to depend alcohol. 15Industry Agriculture 16 Industry and Agriculture 1 Put each of the following words in its correct place in the passage below. produce shipyards products export natural resources slump economy boom plants import markets The health of a big, developed country's (a) depends largely on its industry. Factories have to keep busy. They must (b) and sell their (c) in large quantities. (d) must make and sell ships, car (6) must make and sell cars. A period of industrial success, when everything goes welll and large profits are made, is called a (1) . On the other hand a period when there is not much industrial activity is called a (a) . To maintain a high level of production is not simple. For example Japan, a very successful industrialized country, has very few (h) such as oil or coal, and has to (i) them from other countries in order to keep its industries going, and thus to supply needs at home and also to @ its goods to its overseas (k) 2 Instructions as above. livestock crops agricultural dams fertilizers harvest irrigate self-sufficient fertile farmers A.country which wishes to be (a) in food will encourage its (b) to produce as much as possible so that it will not be dependent on food imports. If there is not much rain, (c) must be built on rivers to provide water to (d) the land. If the land is not naturally rich, chemical (e) must be used to make it ) . Then (9) (of wheat, rice etc.) will grow, the (h) will be good, and in addition the (i) (cattle, sheep etc.) will have grass to eat. If this does not happen, the ()) sector of the country's economy will-suffer and the country will have to import food. from abroad. 3° Explain the difference between . . . {a) an oilfield and an oll refinery (b) amine and a quarry (©) the producer and the consumer (4) to plough and to sow 4 Put one of the following words in each space in the sentences below. in to on from of (a) Profits depend largely production and sales. (b) There is a boom shipbuilding, (c) The main export Iran is oil. (@) This land suffers lack of water. {e) Thailand is solf-sufficient rice. ( . Sweden exports wood the UK.Asummit meeting Diplomatic relations International Relations 1 Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in the passage below. superpowers leader spokesman breakdown news conference item settle summitmeeting hold preliminary agenda The American President and the Soviet (a) have announced their intention to (b) a(c) in Vienna next month. The two countries have already had (d) talks and decided on an (©) for the meeting. The main (f) will be a discussion about the nuclear arms situation. At @ (g) held in Washington yesterday a government (h) told journalists that the unfortunate w of last year's talks between the two countries had been caused by disagreements over arms. He said the Vienna meeting would be a chance for the two ()) 0 (k) their differences. 2° Instructions as above. Inprotest at split ambassadors embassies resume break off diplomatic relations links Neighbouring countries A and B had always had very good, close relations, but in 1984, owing to a disagreement over the exact location of the border between them, a (a) began to develop, Finally, in 1986, (b) military activity by country B near the border, country Announced its intention to (c) (a) with country B. Both countries withdrew their (e) and the (f) in the two countries were closed down, It is hoped that a solution will be found and that it will be possible to (g) normal trade, cultural and diplomatic (h) as soon as possible. ‘3 Put one of the following words in each space in the sentences below, in for over of on at about by (a) The French leader hasn’t yet decided adate the meeting. (b) Ata summit meeting each country is represented its head of government. (0) The announcement was made anews conference Moscow. (d) The ambassadors had a discussion the peace treaty. (e) The breakdown the talks surprised everyone. () The American ambassador walked out of the meeting protest the Russian speech, (g) A spokeswoman said there was some disagreement agenda the meeting. the 7An arrest Law and punishment 18 Law and Order 1 Put each of the following words in its correct place in the passage below. theft pleaded fingerprints found cell evidence arrest oath investigate sentence charge detained fine court magistrate handcuff witnesses A policeman was sent to (a) the disappearance of some property from a hotel. When he arrived, he found that the hotel staff had caught a boy in one of the rooms with a camera and some cash. When the policeman tried to (b) the boy, he became violent and the policeman had to (c) im. At the police station the boy could nat give a satisfactory explanation for his actions and the police decided to (d) him with the (e) of the camera and cash. They took his (f} , locked him in a (a) and (h) him overnight. The next morning he appeared in (I) before the 0 He took an (Kt) and (I) not guilty. Two (m) , the owner of the property and a member of the hotel staff, gave (n) . After both sides of the case had been heard the boy was (0) guilty. He had to pay a (p) of £50 and he was given a (a) of three months in prison suspended for two years. 2 Instructions as above. detective plain clothes jury warders coroner verdict solicitor trial inquest death penalty (2) Ii you want legal advice in Britain, you go to a (b) At the end of the , the judge ordered the twelve men and women of the to retire and consider their , Quilty or not guilty, () Men or women who look after prisoners in prison are called prison officers-or (d) Ifa person dies in unusual circumstances, an is held ata special court, and the ‘judge’ is called a (e) Apoliceman who investigates serious crime is called a He wears , hot uniform, (A) In some countries murderers are executed but other countries have abolished the 3. Putone of the following words in each space in the sentences below. before in to of with (a) He's being kept (e) She's been charged custody. thett. () He was sentenced () He appeared court five years. handeufts. (0) She gotasentence_____—(g) They were brought six months. the judge. (d) He was accused __ (h) The jury reached a verdict murder. guilty.Classical music Popular music Music 1 Put each of the following words and phrases in its correct place in the passage below. musicians bow bows string conductor instruments score keys baton audience concert hall While the (a) was filling up and the (b) were taking their seats, the (c) were tuning their (d) The famous e) entered. He gave the audience alow (f) . picked up his (g) , looked briefly at the (h) which lay open in front of him, and raised his hands. The pianist placed her fingers ready over the (i) of her piano. The () section of the orchestra (violinists, cellists etc.) brought their (k) up, ready to play, The concert was about to begin, 2 Instructions as above, group vocalist live stage numberone fans concert lyrics top ten recording studio After the Beatles, ihe Rolling Stones have probably been the most successful (a) in Britain. Most of their records have gone into the (b) and they've had many at (c) . But their records have usually been made in a (d) and lalways wanted to hear them (e) ata(f) . I wanted to see them perform on @) front of thousands of excited {h) . And | did, at Earls Court in 1983. It was great. And Mick Jagger, the (i) , sang all the old favourites. | couldn't hear the () very well because of the noise, but somehow it didn’t matter, 3. Explain the difference between... (a) an orchestra and a band (©) percussion instruments and wind instruments (©) aconcert anda rehearsal (d) a composer and a musician 4 Put one of the following words in each space in the sentences below. by in at on (a) What record is (b) Their new record is (0) This music was writien (d) | haven't seen this group (e) Who's the guitarist number one? the top ten. Chopin. stage. that group? 19Famine and flood Earthquake and epidemic Fire 20 Natural Disasters 1. Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in the passage below. drought famine starve starvation cut off helicopters drop. flood drown if a country has no rain for a long time, this dry period is called a (a) “In countries dependent on their agriculture, this can lead to a period of (b) | When there is not enough food and people actually (0) (die of hunger). They die of (d) When it rains very heavily and the land is under water, this is called a () . In this situation people and animais can (1) . Sometimes (9) have to (h) food supplies to people in areas which are (i) 2 Instructions as above. medical teams toll earthquake trapped epidemic rescue teams rubble casualties collapse outbreak Insome parts of the world, the ground shakes from time to time. This is called an (a) and if it's a bad one, the number of (b) (dead and injured people) is sometimes large. Buildings often © and (d) have to search for people who are (e) under the (1) _ Sometimes water supplies are affected and there is an (g) of disease, called an (h) @ are sent by the government to help the sick. The death ()) can reach hundreds or even thousands. 3 Instructions as above. onfire fireengine under control fireman put out _ fire brigade overcome arson During the night it was reported that a house was (a) . ‘Someone phoned the (b) and a {c) ____ was sent to the house. One (d) ‘was (6) __._ by smoke and taken to hospital, but in half an hour the fire was (®) and after another halt hour it was finally (g) _ At first the police thought it was an accident, but later they found matches and a petrol can and began to suspect (hy 4 Putone of the following words in each space in the sentences below. for in of to from off under by (a) Many people died starvation. (b) There are earthquakes in Japan (c) Food supplies are dropped cut . (¢) Rescue teams searched (e) There was a drought () Many people were trapped had collapsed. (g) Medical teams were sent time time. people whose homes are injured people. ten months Central Africa. the rubble of the building which the government.Public Transport EES 1 Put each of the following words in its correct place in the passage below. fare sliding doors platform conductor crew cab double-decker bus stop driver rush hour tube destination inspector subway lift hail single-decker taxi-rank metro coach meter escalator conductress check tip rack A taxi, sometimes called a (a) , is the most comfortable way to travel. You simply (b) the taxi in the street or go to a () where there are several taxis waiting, for example at a station. At the end of your journey, you can see how much the (d) is by looking at the (e) . You add a (f) 40 this, and that’s it. Very simple. But expensive! What about taking @ bus? If it has two floors, it’s called a (9) and you can get a good view from the top. Fit has only one floor, it's called a (h) - Most buses have a two-person ( he 0) . Who drives, of course, and the (k) (oF () 2 woman) who takes your money. Keep your ticket because an (m) might want to (n) . You catch a bus by waiting at a 0) . You can see where a bus is going because the (p)___ is written on the front. But try to avoid the (q)___. Quicker than the bus is the underground (called the (r)___in London, the (s) in New York and the (1) in Paris and many other cities). You buy your ticket at the ticket-office. Go down to the (u) on the (v) or in the (w)__. The train comes. The (x) open. You get on. You look at the map of the underground system. Very simpie. For longer distances take a train or a long distance bus, usually called a (y) . Which is slower but cheaper. The train is very fast. Put your luggage on the (z) and sit and wait till you arrive, ifit's 2 Explain the difference between... (a) a carriage and a compartment (b) a season ticket and a return ticket (©) abus driver and a bus conductor (d) a train driver and a guard 3 Put one of the following words in each space in the sentences below. for off at in on from (a) We went down the lift. (g) The tube stops every (b) We met the station. station. (©) | waited 20 minutes a (h) The conductor asked bus. our fares. (d) In Britain people queue () We finally got the bus buses, our destination, () We must wait thebus (i) I'll meet you the ticket ‘stop. office. () She waited the {k) Get your ticket the platform. machine. 21Romance Marriage 22 Romance and Marriage 1. Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in the passage below. date approve mature attracted romantic keen break off go out relationship drift apart ‘Ann was a very (a) girl who often dreamed of love and marriage. She was especially (b) toa young man called Michael, who worked in the same office as she did, and he was very © on her too. They became friendly and one day Michael asked her to go out with him. Their first (d) was a visit to the cinema, and they both enjoyed the evening so much that they decided to(e) together regularly. Michael was a bit untidy and rather young, and Ann's parents didn't (f) of him at first, but Ann was a sensible, (9) girl and they had confidence in her. For a year oF so everything went well, but then somehow they slowly began to ) , until finally they decided to (i) their () 2. Put each of the following words in its correct place in the passage below. bride engaged bridegroom consent wedding civil reception honeymoon propose toast One evening, although he was nervous, Joe decided to (a) 40 his girlfriend, Linda. She accepted his proposal, they became b) and he gave her a ring. After a year they had saved enough money to get married (they were both over 18 so they did not need their parents’ (c)_____). Some people have a religious ceremony with a priest, but Joe and Linda decided on a (d) ceremony ina registry office. On the day of the (e) Linda, the (f) Was very calm, but Joe, the (g) , Was nervous. Afterwards, at the (h) , speeches were made and the guests drank a (i) to the happy couple, who finally left for-a () in Spain. 3. Explain the difference between . .. (a) to be fond of and to be in love with (b) separated and divorced (0) a fiancé and a fiancée (6) mother and mother-in-law 4 Put one of the following words in each space in the sentences below. in with out to of {a) Bob and Lena are going () He tell love together. her at once. (b) Bob is going (g) He's getting married Lena, Liz next month. {c) He was too nervous to ask (h) She's engaged a her . policeman. (d) She's very fond him. ()_ His parents don’t approve {e) We drank a toast their her. future happiness. (Have confidence me!Shopping Kinds of shop = 1__‘Match the items on the left with the shops where you buy them on the right, (2) very old furniture florist's (b) flowers butcher's (©) writing paper, pens grocer's (d) newspapers, magazines greengrocer's (e) cigarettes, matches antique shop (8) tea, biscuits, butter baker's (g) fruit, vegetables tobacconist's (h) dogs and cats newsagent’s () bread and cakes stationer's (i) meat pet shop Going shopping 2 Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in the passage below. tag label cashdesk off-the-peg refund sales tryon fit till assistant mailorder bargain receipt cashier exchange Ifyou want to buy a ready-made (or we sometimes say (a) ) jacket, first find the jackets in the shop and look at the (b) Inside to see the size, material and make. For the price, look at the price- (c) . To see if it will (d) you, you can (e) the jacket in front of a mirror. If necessary an () will help you, You pay the (a) . who you will find at the (h) . He or she will take your money, put it in the ( and give you your change, Make sure you also get a ()) Which you should keep and bring back to the shop with the jacket if something is wrong with it and you want to (k) itor ask for a (I) of your money. In clothes | shops you pay the fixed price, of course. You don’t (m)-___. Or you can wait until the (n) . when many goods are reduced in price. If you don't like shops, you can stay at home, look at catalogues and. newspaper advertisements and do your shopping by (0) 3 Explain the difference between. . . (2) to overcharge and to undercharge (b) a shopkeeper and a shoplifter (0) shopping and window-shopping (d) awholesaler and a retailer 4 Putone of the following words in each space in the sentences below. in on for with at by (@) These jackets are reduced inside back (e) There is normally a label price. a jacket. (b) The assistant advised meto —(f)_Ttook it to the shop to tty the coat ‘complain. (e) Iwant to look the (9) ‘Is something wrong animals the pet shop. it?" he said, (d) He bought many things (h) Lasked a refund. mail order.Sports facilities and athletics Football 24 Sport 1 Puteach of the following words or phrases in its correct place in the passage below. officials pools courts stadium rink field events athletes rings pitches scoreboard spectators track events There's a big new sports centre near my home. There are football @) ; tennis and basketball (b) _ swimming (c) a sports hall with two boxing (¢) and even a skating (e) There is also a separate athletics (f) , where 20,000 (9) can watch the (h) on the track and the (i) such as jumping and throwing, in the grass centre. The () get ready in modern changing rooms and the (k) time and measure the events with modern equipment. A huge electronic (I) shows the results. 2. Instructions as above. draw track sults captains match _eferee amateurs team tossacoin players crowd gymnasium train { play football for my local (a) against other sides in the area. Of course the (b) aren't paid, we're just (c) . But anyway we @) very hard in the evenings and we're lucky because we can use the (e) of a local school. On the day of the (f) we arrive early, change, and put on (9) to keep warm. Then the (h) , dressed in black, calls the two (i to the centre to () to decide who will play in which direction. Not many people come fo watch the game, We usually have a (k) of only one or two hundred, But we enjoy it, whether we win, lose or () 3 Explain the difference between =: (a) amateurs and professionals —_(¢) to win and to beat () a winner and a runner-up (¢) ahurdle race and a relay race 4. Put one of the following words in each space in the sentences below. on for of at in between (a) Which team does he play (b) She put her tracksuit (©) There's an exciting race taking place (d) I'm not very good running. (e) She's the best player the team. (f) There was a crowd 50,000 the stadium. (a) The result the football match was a 2:2 draw. (h) The match was England and Scotland. () Arunner-up comes second ‘race or competition. 2 the track.Television and Newspapers Television 1 Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in the passage below. viewers subjective mass media quiz shows indoctrinate channels objective soap operas commercials switch (a) is a phrase often used to describe ways of giving information and entertainment to very large numbers of people. it includes newspapers, advertising and radio and, of course, television. In most countries people can (b) to any of three or four different (°) . Do television programmes influence our minds? Do they (d) us? Is the news completely (e) (neutral) or is it (f) ____ (Considered from one particular point of view)? Don't the (9) for alcohol, food and other goods condition our minds? Even the (h) going on week after week telling the story of one family or group of people sometimes make us want to copy the life style we see on the screen. Also (i) which give people big prizes for answering simple questions can make us greedy. Some programmes are watched by tens of millions of () Newspapers 2 Instructions as above, cartoons editorials circulation censorship sensational views advertising gossip columns news agencies reviews headlines, entertainment correspondents ‘A newspaper makes its money from the price people pay for it and also from the (a) it carries. A popular newspaper with a (o) of aver five million daily makes a lot of money. Less serious newspapers are probably read just for (c) . They have big @ above the news stories, funny (6) to look at and photos of violence. The (g) are full of stories of the private lives of famous people. No one takes the political (h) of such papers very seriously. On the other hang, in a free country where there is no (i) , Serious newspapers are read principally for their news, sent to them by their () round the world and by the big ) . People also read these newspapers for their (I) ot new books, films and plays and for their (m) . which represent the opinion of the newspaper itself about the Important events and issues of the moment. 3 Explain the difference between . . . (a) viewers and listeners {b) mass circulation and small circulation {c) editor, reporter and critic 4 Put one of the following words in each of the sentences below. In on over for to (a) This programme is boring. Switch another channel. (b) It’s acommercial beer. (c) That actor's a soap opera every Friday. (¢) What's television tonight? (e) Ifyou don't like this quiz show, you can switch 25Parts of a theatre Producing a play Theatre 1 Match each part of a theatre on the right with a definition on the left. (a) where actors put on their costumes and make-up stalls (b) area on which the performance takes place aisle (0) aline of seats circle (d) away down from back to front between the seats dressing room (e) the area of downstairs seats stage (f) the area of upstairs seats box office (g) the theatre entrance hall where people meet before going in row (h) the place where you go or phone to buy tickets backstage () the whole area aut of sight of the audience box (a llttle private balcony with 3-5 seats only foyer 2 Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in the passage below. reviews performances audience rehearsals first night director run theatre-goers parts hit cast flop critics playwright matinées applause auditions ‘The person who directs the preparation of a play is the (a) Sometimes the (b) _ who wrote the play, works with him. One of the first things to be done is to choose the (c) , the actors and actresses. For this purpose, (d) are held at which actors perform short pieces and the most suitable are chosen for the {e) ____in the play. Before the play is performed in front of an @ of hundreds of (g) , of course thare are a lot of (h) _-Atlast, the (i When the-curtain goes down at the end, will there be enthusiastic (j) or silence? Will the newspaper (k) be good or bad? What will the (}) think? Everyone hopes for a (m) that will (n) for months or even years, but the play might be a (o) and only last a few days. It's hard work in the theatre. There are evening (p) six nights a week and afternoon shows, called (q) , once oF twice as well. 3 Put one of the following words in each of the spaces below. to in behind during at on (@) We sat the stalls. (b) The usherette showed us our seats. (©) There were two actors the stage. (d) You'd better ask the box office. (e) My favourite actress was the play. (f) During the performance, work is going on the scenes. (g) People usually have a drink or a cigarette the interval. (h) Our seats were the third row. () He prefers to sit the front; she likes to be the back. () like to sit the middie.Travel a Holidays 1 Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in the passage below. peak off the beaten track —hifch-hiking leisure off-peak —_resort Package holiday youth hostels —_ travel agents cut-price tickets People have more money and more (a) nowadays and even young people can afford to go abroad. Many (b) offer cheap © for fights to all parts of the world, so youngsters can avoid the crowded, well-known places and get to iess famous areas which are (d) instead of using public transport and hotels, they can travel by (e) and stay at (f) . But most people prefer some kind of (g) at a popular holiday (h) , Which means that everything is arranged for you and the price you pay includes transport, food and accommodation, Try to avoid taking your holiday during the busy (i) tourist season. {t's more crowded and expensive. If possible, go in the quieter (j) period, Journeys 2, Puteach of the following words in its correct place in the passage below. Some words must be used more than once. trip travel journey cruise tour voyage fight {a) For general advice about 90 toa travel agent. {b) One day | would like to do the by train and ship across Russia to Japan. (©) We're going on a weeks, (d) We went on a three-week round the Mediterranean. The ship called at Venice, Athens, Istanbul and Alexandria. {e) He once went by ship to Australia. The took 37% weeks. {f) I'm going on a business to Paris next weekend, (9) Air France 507 from Paris to New York will be taking off in ten minutes, (h) The from Heathrow Airport to the centre of London takes about 45 minutes by underground. () On our first day in New York we went on a three-hour of the city by bus, which showed us the main sights. | () During our stay in London we went on a day to Oxford, and another to Windsor. of Europe, visiting 11 countries in five 3 Explain the difference between... (a) a hotel and a bed and breakfast place (b) seasick, airsick and carsick (c) tour operator and travel agent (d) at sea and at the seaside 4 Put one of the following words in each space in the sentences below. in at by on (a) We went car. (d) She arrived London at (b) We went John’s car. midnight. {c) We went a journey. (0) She arrived the hotel. 27War The outbreak of — 1 Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in the war passage below. deteriorate mobilize hostile acts declare war clashes aggression outbreak forces ultimatum retaliate For years there were border (a) between troops of country X and those of country Z. Then (b) from X attacked a village in Z. Z accused X of (c) and began to (d) in readiness for possible war. X warned Z: ‘If you carry out (e) against us, we will (f) ." But there was more fighting on the border. The situation had begun to (9) . X delivered an (h) toZ. ‘If you do not promise to respect our borders, we will (i) ___.’ Finally came the (i) of war, Peace making 2. Instructions as above. get involved withdraw intermediary peace treaty neutral targets peace-keeping force intervene ceasefire civilian After months of fighting, during which (a) as well as military (b) were bombed, country X asked country Y, which had remained (c) during the hostilities, to act as an (d) Y decided not to (e) . X then asked the United Nations to ( . The United Nations managed to arrange a (a) and stationed a multi-national (h) between the two opposing armies. , but After weeks of talks, the two countries finally signed a (|) and the UN troops were able to () . 3. Explain the difference between . .. (a) to advance and to retreat (©) conventional war and nuclear (b) war and civil war war (d) an ally and an enemy 4. Put one of the following words in each space in the sentences below. as on in for out between (a) X declared war Zz (b) Troops are moving readiness an attack. (c) Y didn't want to get involved the fighting. (d) The Second World War broke 1939, (e) Canada acted an intermedian (f) War pianes carried an attack. {g) The peace-keeping force remained during peace talks, then withdrew. the argument. the two enemy armies 28Welfare State 1 Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in the passage below. elderly medical treatment physically disabled pension schooling mentally handicapped eligible out of work social services benefits social workers welfare state retire subsidized low incomes A country which helps its old, sick, disabled and unemployed is called a(a) . (b) people receive a state (c) when they () at the age of 60 or 65. People with (2) ‘who cannot afford to buy or rent decent accommodation are given houses or flats with (f) rents, which means that the government or focal council supports the rent to keep it low. Sick people get free (g) from their doctor or at the hospital. Mothers of small children get special state financial (h) and of course older children receive free (i) (i people, who cannot move normally, and (k) people, whose minds are not fully developed, also receive special assistance and, if necessary, special equipment to help them live normal lives. People who are (I) are normally (m) to receive unemployment benefit, which is paid by the state. The (n) (government departments responsible for people's well- being) will help people who, financially, physically or psychologically, have difficulty in coping with life and (0) will visit such people in their homes. 2 Explain the difference between... (a) advice and advise (b) blind and deaf (0) free and subsidized (d) a hearing aid and braille {e)- haves and have-nots 3. Put one of the following words in each space in the sentences below. for of at with out in (@) Disabled people sometimes find it difficult to cope transport. (b) He's been work for over a year. ro) a welfare state, the government is responsible people's well-being. (A) Social workers visited her her home. (@) He retired the age 65. (After his accident, he received a disability pension of his life. public the rest 29Applying for a job Choosing the right job 30 Work 1. Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in the passage below. references shortlist experience vacancy qualifications —_fillin application forms interview applicants apply In times of high unemployment there are usually very many (a) when a (b) is advertised. Sometimes large numbers of people ©) , and send oft (d) for a single job. It is not unusual, in fact, for hundreds of people to (e) toa firm for one post. This number is reduced to a (f) of perhaps six or eight, from whom a final choice is made when they all attend an (g) Very possibly the people interviewing will be interested in the (h) the candidates gained at school or university and what (i) ‘they have had in previous jobs. They will probably ask for ( by the candidates’ teachers and employers. written 2 Instructions as above. commute salary prospects promotion retire pension ambitious perks Increments commission Job satisfaction is important but | have a wife and baby so | have to think about money too. If a job interests me, | need to know what (a) it offers and also whether there are regular annual increases, called (b) Iwant to know if | will receive a (c) when | (d) at the age of 60 or 65. If the job is selling a product, | ask if I'll receive a percentage of the value of what | sell, called (e) . Itis also important to know if there are extra advantages, like free meals or transport, or the free use of a car. These are called @ or fringe benefits. Are the future (a) good? For example, is there a good chance of (h) to a better job, with more money and responsibility? Is the job near my home? Ifit isn’t, I'l have to (i) every day and this can be expensive. | am very keen to be successful. | am very (j) . | don’t want to stay in the same job all my life. 3 Put one of the following words in each space in the sentences below. at in for to as off of {a) I'm interested this job. (b) What did you study iniversity? (©) He has applied ch Airways: job an office manager. (d) This job advertisement looks interesting. I'l send an application form. (2) Have you filled (, You must send (g) He's been that job for two years. (h) She retired the age of 60. () Acommission means you get a percentage what you sell. (). The use a company car is a nice perk to have. {k) The sixty applicants were reduced a.shortlist of four. the form yet? the form by 20 May.MINI TOPICS Argument Put each of the following words in its correct place in the passage below, disagreement friction nag resentment aggressive row troublemaker jealous I've always had a feeling of (a) towards my older brother, John, because he always received more attention from our parents. There has always been (b) between us. And now that I'm more successful than he is in my job, he is (c) of me, We've never actually had a (a) , just the occasional (6) , but we've never got on well. And his wife likes to make things worse. She's a real (f) , a nasty, argumentative, quarrelsome, (g) woman. I've heard her (h) John continually to get a better job, a bigger house, a nicer car. Sadness Instructions as above. sob heartbroken withdrawn grief recover loss tears miss sleepless comfort When Susan's cat was killed by a car she burst into (a) and began to (b) so loudly that the neighbours next door heard her. She was (c) by the (d) . Her mother tried to (e) her but Susan’s (H was 50 great that it was three days (and three (g) nights) before she began to (h). enough to eat normaily. Even then she talked to no one and was silent and (i) for weeks. | think she'll always (j) her pet. Nervousness Instructions as above. blush sweat tongue-tied nerves embarrassment _stammer tremble tranquilizer faint shy Ihave to tell you that my (a) aren't very good. Last week | went for a job interview and my hands began to (b) . my palms started to (c) and my face was red because | always (d) with (e) on these occasions. I've always been very (f) with other people. When I was asked questions | was completely @) and | could only (h) Helt (i) and wished i had a() to calm me down. | didn’t get the job. A pity. | would like to have been a television newsreader. 3132 Success Put each of the following words in its correct place in the passage below. achieve confidence ladder ambitious exploit achievernent determined power ruthless ability I've never been (a) in the normal sense. I've never wanted to be a manager or director. I've never wanted to reach the top of the (b) ___ or to have (c) . But I've always had a wish to () something, to write a book, climb a mountain, win a prize. ‘This is not because | want fame or money but just that simple feeling of (@) you get when you've done something difficult. I'm not very Sure of myself and it would be good for my (f) to succeed in something. Some people will lie, (a) other people, be dishonest, do anything, in order to succeed. They will be absolutely (h) . But | think the people who deserve to succeed are those who are (i) and have () . Fame Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in the passage below. interviews bodyguards break-up privacy _In the public eye autographs celebrity pressures entourage fans Being famous, being a (a)__ can mean wealth, recognition and being surrounded by an (b) of helpers, secretaries and agents. Itcan mean giving (c) to admiring (d) and (e) to the press. But being (f) also has its disadvantages. Famous entertainers suffer from a lack of (g) . They need (h) protect them. The constant (i) ‘on them can lead to the 0 of their marriages. This is the price of fame. to Pride Instructions as above. boast proud vain thick-skinned conceited pride snob contemptuous Mrs Watson next door thinks she is better than other people. She thinks she is superior, ‘high class’. In other words, she’s a (a) . She is very (b) of herself and very (c)____ of other, ‘ordinary’ people. I've heard her (d) to neighbours about her lovely house, her big car, her husband's high salary. She's a very (e) person too, always admiring herself in a mirror. Mr Watson also has a very high opinion of himself, His neighbours think that he is a very 0 person, but the Watsons are both so (a) that other people’s criticism of them has no effect on them at all. | think that one day they'll find that they have no friends left, and then they'll be sorry. (hy comes before a fall.Birth Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in the passage below. Pregnant bor maternity ward midwife prams deliver _ call parents expecting cots craw! When a woman is (a) a baby, we say that she is (b) Babies are (c) either at home or in the (d) of a hospital. Itis the job of a doctor or a (e) to (f) new babies. The proud (g) ‘must soon decide what to (h) the child. For the first six months of their lives most babies are taken out in (}) and sleep in ()) . At eight months or so they learn to (k) along the floor, and they can usually walk soon after their first birthday. Childhood and Adolescence Put each of the following words in its correct place in the passage below. hobbies development extroverts adult _ relationships daydreams adults introverts idolize teens Children live in their own world, from which (a) excluded. The (b) are largely world is strange and exciting to them. They have (co) of success, adventure, romance and fame. They (d) their big brothers and sisters, pop singers or film stars. (e) such as stamp-collecting, music or dancing are important to them. Children, especially when they are in their () . go through @ physical-and emotional (g) which can be frightening. Their characters also begin to develop. Some adolescents are (h) and keep themselves to themselves, while others are (i) and like to share their thoughts and form (j) with other people. It's a wondertul, terrible time. Death Instructions as above. mourners crematorium dead funeral widow cemetery will leave inherits hearse priest The body of a person who has died is taken in a special car called a @ to the (b) service, Which is conducted by a © . The relatives and friends of the (d) person, who are called the (e) are there. Then the wooden coffin is buried in a grave in the (f) or cremated in a (a) . When people get older they usually make a (h) and (i) their money and other things to their family and friends. When a man dies, it is usually his ¢) who (k) his property.Advertising Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in the passage below. hoardings classified advertisements —_ publicize commercials posters advertising agencies persuade eye-catching Advertisements are everywhere, from columns of small (a) for houses, jobs, cars etc. in newspapers to big (b) ‘on walls and enormous advertisements on (c)___ by the side of the road. The job of the (d) is to (e) the products of the firms who employ them. They design (f) advertisements and make television (g) to (h) us to buy, buy, buy. Art Put each of the following words in its correct place in the passage below. galleries works dealers professional sculptor creative sculpture painter amateur reproductions One of the most (a) things anyone can do is to make a work of art, whether it’s a (b) making a (c) or a (d) painting pictures. (e) artists do it for their own satisfaction and pleasure, but (f) artists have to make a living from their art and they are dependent on (g) to sell their (h) in city @ I myself have three Pioassos, a Botticelli and a Van Gogh. They're () not originals, but they're all lean afford. Photography Instructions as above. prints album enlargements snaps slides. camera projector develop Alot of people buy a (a) just to take holiday (b) They have (c) ____ made and put them in an (d) or sometimes they prefer (e) , Which they can show on the wall or screen with a Other people are more serious. They (9) and print ims themselves in their own darkroom at home. If they want big pictures they make (h)Military Service Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in the passage below. army compulsory forces volunteers navy promotion officer alr force In some countries military service is (a) . All young men and sometimes young women must spend a year or two in the (b) {In Britain they don’t have to, All members of the armed services are (°) .) To be a soldier you join the (d) , to be a sailor you join the (e) and to be an airman you join the (f) . If you are good at your job and can take responsibility, you might get @ and become an (h) Police Instructions as above, walkie-talkie join plain clothes detective police force rank policeman — uniform Alan is now old enough and tall enough to (a) the (b) first, of course, he'll be an ordinary (c) of the lowest (d) He'll wear a (e) and go out in the streets keeping in touch with the police station with his (1) . Then he'd like to be a (g) in (h) investigating serious crime. At Security Work Instructions as above. guards tap armoured vehicles bullet-proof kidnappers couriers bug security firm private detectives Irun a (a) Which offers a complete range of security services. We have (b) with special (c) windows to transport money and other valuable items. We can supply trained (d) protect exhibits at art shows and jewellery displays. We can advise you if you think someone is trying to (e) your phone or (0) your private conversations at home or in the office with hidden microphones. We have ex-policemen whom you can hire as @ ‘and special (h) to deliver your valuable parcels anywhere in the world. We can protect you or your children against possible (') to 35The Countryside Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in the passage below. farms unpolluted relaxed rural wildlife pace national parks cultivated remote villages ‘Away from the urban problems of the city fies the (2) peace and quiet of the countryside. The air is more likely to be clear and (b) | the (c)____ of life is slower, and the peopie living in small (d) more (8) and friendly. Some land is (f) and you'll see crops growing, as well as animals grazing, on the (9) "Some areas of particular natural beauty are designated as (h) by the government, and here (i) _____ can live and move about safely. It is in places ()______ from the nolsy cities that you can experience the true beauty of nature. The Seaside Put each of the following words in its correct place in the passage below. lifeguards depth waves shallow horizon beach drown dive currents cliffs Many people's idea of relaxation is to sit on a sandy (a) gazing at the broad (b) or watching the (c) roll in one after the other. But the sea can be dangerous and every year hundreds of bathers (d) either when they are carried out to sea by strong © ‘or simply because they can't swim and find themselves out of their () _____with their feet no longer touching the bottom. And hundreds more have to be rescued by (9) .. If you want to 0) into the sea, from rocks or some other high point, make sure i's deep-enough. If it's ()___, you.could seriously injure yourself. And finally, if you decide to walk along the high )) overlooking the beach and the sea, don't go too near the edge. Mountains Instructions as above. mountaineers ropes oxygen ascent peak equipment range height descent — climb ‘The Himalayas are the best-known mountain (a) in the world and Mt Everest, with a (b) of 8,880 metres is the highest mountain. Since Edmund Hillary made the first (c) in 1958, (d) from many countries have managed to (2) tothe ~ Normally they need to take (9) cylinders to help them breathe and other special (h) including () to connect themselves to each other. It's a dangerous sport and-many people have lost their lives, not just on the way up but during the 0 as well.Electrical Appliances Put each of the following words in its correct place in the passage below. electrician adjust switch lead controls dealer plug knob socket unplug When you buy a television, radio or cassette recorder make sure it has a long enough (a) () itin at the most convenient () in your room, and then (d) on. You normally (e) the volume by turning a (f) and there are other @) as well. It is probably best to (h) the appliance when itis not in use. If you have any trouble with it, ask an (i) to look at it or take it back to the () you bought it from. The Telephone Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in the passage below. feceiver line lookup engaged dial directory _get through operator How easy it is to use the telephone! Nowadays we usually don't need the (a) to connect us to friends in other countries. We can (b) the number in the telephone (c) , pick up the (d) and (e) the number. If the number is not (f) , we (g) straightaway and ifit's a good (h) , we can have a clear, easy conversation with people on the other side of the world. Computers Instructions as above. software computers screen word processor hardware calculator keyboard printer So you only have a pocket (a) to do additions, multiplications and so on, and you want to know about real (b) ? Right. Well, the machines themselves are called the (c) and the programs that you feed into them are called the (d) If you want to see the results of what you are doing, you'll need a (6) or you'll have to plug in to a television set. You'll operate your machine like a typewriter by pressing keys on the (f) . If you want a record on paper of what you're doing, you'll need a (g) and if you want a machine which will enable you to see, arrange, re-arrange and then print a Page of material, then the machine you want is a (h) . You want colour? Well, you can... 3738 Factory Work Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in the passage below. labour relations tea break apprentice factory canteen foreman white collar management shop floor manual | like to work with my hands; in other words, | like (a) work, | have never wanted to be a (b) worker, as | would be bored with office work. So | have been taken on as an (c) ina(d) for two years to learn to be a machine-operator. | work with a group of men under a (2) . who tells us what to do, when we can go to the (f)_____ for lunch or take a (g) and soon. (h) are quite good and the (i) spend a lot of time on the ()) mixing with the workers, I've got no complaints. Office Work Instructions as above. typewriter callers stationery dictate. shorthand correspondence filing cabinets file I do general work in a small office, | deal with all (a) coming into and sent from the office and (b) these letters alphabetically in big metal (c) near my desk. | answer the telephone and give (d)____ the information they want. If the manager wants to e) alletter, | take it down in (f) ‘on my pad and type it on my electric (9) . Of course it's important that we always have enough paper and envelopes and so on, and it’s one of my jobs to buy this (h) when we need it. | don’t know what they'd do without mel A Strike Instructions as above. dispute unemployment goonstrike dismiss —_ deadiack shop steward onthe dole redundant picket line 4,600 workers at the Ace Cycle Factory decided to (a) last week following a (b) with the management, who last month decided to (c) two men for unsatisfactory work. The men complained to their (d) , who told the union. The management and the union have had talks but these soon ended in (e) The area in which the factory is situated is already an area of high () —_., with one adult in five (g) (out of work and receiving state aid). The striking workers have formed a (h) outside the factory gates to prevent other workers from going in to work. The management say that 20% of the workers will have to be made 0) next year anyway because of the decreased demand for cycles.RELATED WORD GROUPS Sounds 1 Put each of the following words in its correct place in the sentences below. rumble whistle crash squeal roar creak rustle bang clatter splash (a) We hearda top speed, (b) The plates and glasses fell to the floor witha___. of tyres, It was a police-car turning a corner at (c) We live near the airport and there's a terrible every time a plane goes overhead. (0) The day was very quiet and we could hear the of leaves in the wind. (2) He fell into the water with a great () Iheard a . It sounded like a gun-shot. (9) Itwas an enormous, heavy, old, wooden door and it used to loudly when anyone opened it. (h) It was the best football match I've ever seen. Both teams played hard until the final - (i) The metal tray fell down the stone stairs with 2 () loould hear the of thunder in the distance. 2 Instructions as above. hum peal crack tick squeak pop pips jingle {a) There was no sound except the quiet of the air-conditioning, (0) At every hour on the radio there are six 80 that people can check the precise time. (c) The champagne cork finally came out with a loud (d) Be careful. The ice is very thin and i think | heard it____. (@) To celebrate the happy event, all the church bells in the town began to : (f) Imust oil my bike, There's a somewhere in the back wheel. {g) The engine of a Rolls Royce is so quiet that even when the car is going fast you can hear the clock___, (h) The animals had small bells round their necks, which used to ‘when they moved. Animal Sounds Match each animal with the sound it makes. (a) monkey roar (). sheep bleat (b) lion cluck (K) elephant bray (©) dog miaow, purr (pig hiss (d) cat chatter (m) donkey trumpet (0) horse crow (n) frog grunt, squeal () hen bark, grow! (0) snake squeak (g) cock moo’ (p) duck how! (h) bee neigh (q) wolt quack () cow buzz ()) mouse croak 3940 Human Sounds ee Put each of the following verbs in its correct place in the sentences below. sniff cough puff yawn hiccup slammer snore sigh pant whisper sneeze groan (a) He was so nervous he could only pleased to meet you.” (b) Don’t all the time, Use a handkerchief and blow your nose. (o) If we are out of breath after running we and . (2) Itis said that people if they sleep with their mouths open and on their backs. (2) He drank a lot of beer quickly and began to . () Ifyou have a cold and you , English people often say, ‘Bless you". (g) Don’t speak so loud! Just The children are asleep. {h) Lalways used to in history lessons. They were so boring. (i) He can’t stop talking. We always with relief when he goes away. (), Smoking always makes me : (W) My children ‘when | tell them they must go to bed. Ways of Looking Put each of the following verbs in its correct place in the sentences below. frown stare peep wink glance blink peer glare gaze glimpse (a) That man does look rather strange but you shouldn’t him. {b) He made a hole in the fence so that he could without being seen. (©) Ifyou go out into bright sunlight after being in the dark, you sometimes . (6) Small boys often stand outside the bicycle shop and wonderful machines in the window. (e) We if we are rather annoyed or if we are concentrating. () Did you someone pass the window a moment ago? | thought I just saw someone. (g) | thought he was serious until | saw him was joking. (h) Grandfather has very bad eyes. He has to newspaper to read it. ()_ [saw the motorist get out of his ear and other driver who had run into the back of him. () I saw him quickly at his watch. at through atthe at me to show he atthe furiously at theWalking Put each of the following verbs in its correct place in the sentences below. stray crawl trip dash trudge slip creep limp stagger wander stroll march (a) He was completely drunk. | watched him and fall down, (b) it's very pleasant for a tourist to particular purpose or destination. (c) It was a lovely day so we decided to (d) His injured foot made him badly. {e) Be careful or you'll on this icy bit of pavement. (f) Everyone was asleep when | returned so | had to room without making a noise. (g) Ifyou join the army, you'll have to learn to . {h) Please don’t away from the main group or you'll get lost. (i) Before babies can walk, they can only on their hands and knees. {)) ('m afraid someone will {k) It began to rain and we had to (I) The exhausted men had to across the road round a new city with no in the park for an hour. to my over that piece of wood and fall. into a shop to keep dry. for five miles through the snow. Body Movements 1 Match each item on the lett with the most suitable phrase on the right. (a) He flexed his head in disagreement. (b) He shook his fists angrily. (c)-He clenched his neck to see better. (d) He craned his muscles proudly. (e) He snapped his forehead with a handkerchief. (f) He shrugged his foot in time to the music. (g) He wiped his shoulders. (h) He folded his breath under water. {) He scratched his knee because it was painful, (). He held his arms and relaxed, (k) He tapped his head thoughtfully. ()) He rubbed his fingers to get attention. 2 Instructions as above. (a) He trembled in the hot sun. (b) He shivered with embarrassment. (c) He sweated with fear. (d) He blushed when he heard the sad news, (e) He sobbed with cold. (He started after going without food for three days. (g) He dozed in surprise at the sudden noise. (h) He fainted in his armehair after a hard day's work, 442 3. Instructions as above. (a) She nodded when she saw her friend getting off the bus. (b) He bowed when his commanding officer entered the room. {o) She curtseyed in agreement. {d) She waved when she was introduced to the Queen. (e) He smiled when he was introduced to the Queen. () He saluted to show the shop assistant what he wanted. (g) She fidgeted because he was happy. (h) He pointed after sitting in the same position for so long. 4 Put each of the following verbs in its correct place in the sentences below. punch grope grab stretch pat slap squeeze nudge beckon stroke (@) After driving his taxi all day, Teddy likes to get out and arms and legs. (b) Some parents their naughty children, (c) if he says that to me again, I'll him on the nose. (d) When | was smail, my father used to me on the head when he was pleased with me. (e) She loved cats, and always used to stop and saw. () Several people saw two men smash the shop window, some diamonds, get into their car and drive away. (g) He was slim so he was just able to between the two tables. (F) was absolutely dark and | had to in front of me to find the joor. () My brother went to sleep during the church service and | had to him with my elbow to wake him. (When it’s your turn for a luggage check, the customs officer will you to come forward. his. any cat she Containers Match each container on the left with its contents on the right. (a) basket clothes and personal things for a long stay (b) trunk coins (c) tank bank notes, tickets (d) safe shopping (e) vase petrol, water (purse suits, jackets, dresses (g) wallet cash, secret documents, jewellery (h) kettle boiling water () wardrobe flowersQ) briefcase school books (&) envelope clothes and belongings for a week's holiday jug letter (m) suitcase water, milk (n) barrel waste paper (0) satchel beer (p) bin hot tea, cold drinks (q) box business papers (0) (thermos) flask chocolates, matches Furniture and Fittings Match each item from the following list with the correct letter from the pictures below. table bed carpet bookcase cushion chair pillow rug shelf curtains armchair mattress. sofa cupboard stool desk wardrobe lamp chest of drawers sheet drawer washbasin lampshade blanketConnectors 1 Match each of the following connectors with the correct picture below. nail nut pin screw bolt safetypin needle drawing pin chain paperclip rope string rubberband thread 2 Complete each of the following sentences with the correct connector from the list above, making it plural if necessary. (a) We sew cloth with a and (b) We tie up a parcel with (©) Mountaineers use to keep together and avoid falling, (d) To keep a baby's nappy in place we use (e) We use a hammer to knock a into wood. {f) To pin a notice to a notice board we use a (g) To keep pieces of cloth together in dressmaking we use {h) We keep pieces of paper together firmly with a (0) Different parts of a bicycle and other machines are Kept together with and We use a screwdriver to put in or take out . & Large ships in port are kept in place with heavy iron ()) The postman keeps all the letters for one street together with a , Made of elastic.Tools 1 Match each of the following tools with the correct picture below. spanner hammer screwdriver axe saw spade penknife chisel fork drill scissors mallet jack rake 2 Complete each of the following sentences with the correct tool from the list above. (@) We cut paper or cloth with a pair of . (b) We put in and take out screws with a (0) We dig holes in the ground with a : (d) We make holes in wood, metal or stone with a (e) We raise a car to change a wheel with a (f) We knock nails into wood with a . (g) We cut down trees with an (h) We carve wood or stone with a () We hit a chisel with a (). We collect dry leaves and make earth level with a (W) To cut string and other things, we carry in our pocket a folding ()_ We turn the earth over in the garden with a spade or (m) We saw wood with a (n) We tighten or loosen nuts and bolts with aVehicles Match each of the following vehicles with the correct picture below. car lorry motorbike ambulance caravan van bus tanker bulldozer coach trailer scooter Bicycle Match each of the following bicycle parts with the correct letter in the picture below. saddle frame brakes mudguard chain gears spokes bell handlebars pedal tyre front light back light | pump to (a) tat A) w e) A a) (ir Ae) ©. wn th ‘ohCollective Nouns Put each of the following collective nouns in its correct place in the sentences below, making it plural if necessary. Some nouns must be used more than once, flock herd bundie mob stack suite audience swarm shoal bunch set crowd fleet congregation crew flight clump gang pack (a) The of the British Royal Navy was very strong in the nineteenth century, (b) Disease reduced the farmer's from 90 to 65 cows. (0) She was attacked by a of wasps. (A of shouting people overturned cars, set fire to shops and attacked a police station. (2) The Prime Minister occupied a (f) Some spectators in the decision. (g) He bought a large of bananas. (h) The priest was very sad to see his week. () Fishing boats use modern equipment to locate the of rooms at the hotel. isagreed with the referee's getting smaller week by of fish. () She lost her balance and fell down a of steps. () He was the leader of a well-known of criminals. () We sat down in the shade of a of trees. (m) In spring winter in Africa. of birds arrive back in Britain after spending the {n) Our picnic was completely ruined by a of ants. (0) He gave her a of flowers. (p) British Airways has a of 26 Boeing 747s. (q) She gave a of old clothes to a charity organization. () The applauded the new play enthusiastically, (s) Has anyone seena of keys? | left them somewhere. (l)-Golf is-an-expensive game: You'll need-a of clubs. (u) The books were arranged in a one on top of the other. (¥) They've bought a leather three-piece —a sofa and two armchairs. (Ww) Let's play a game. Who's got a of cards? (x) That cruise ship carries 150 passengers and a of 85, (y) The of sheep was controlled by a shepherd and two dogs. (2) For their wedding | gave them a of cutlery (6 knives, 6 spoons, 6 forks etc.). Young Animais For each animal below give the name of its young from the following list. piglet kitten cub chick lamb calf foal duckling Puppy — kid (a) wolf (d) fox {g) cat () sheep (b) horse (e) dog (h) tion (k) goat (c) pig (f) cow (i) duck () hen 47Law Breakers 4+ Match each person an the left with the correct definition on the right. (a) an arsonist attacks and robs people, often in the street (b) a shoplifter seis fire to property illegally () amugger is anyone who breaks the law (6) an offender breaks into houses or other buildings to steal (e) avandal steals from shops while acting as an ordinary customer (f), a burglar kills someone (g) a murderer deliberately causes damage to property (h) a kidnapper steals things from people's pockets in crowded places () @ pickpocket gets secret information from another ‘sountry (). an accomplice buys and sells drugs illegally () adrug dealer takes away people by force and demands money for their return () aspy helps a criminal in a criminal act (m) a terrorist uses violence for political reasons 2 Instructions as above. (a) an assassin causes damage or disturbance in public places (b) a hooligan hides on a ship or plane to get a free journey (0) astowaway fakes control of a plane by force and makes the pilot change course (d)_a thief murders for political reasons or a reward (e) a hijacker is someone who steals () a forger makes counterfeit (false) money or signatures (g) arobber is a member of a criminal group (h) a smuggler steals money etc. by force from people or places () atraitor marries illegally, being married already () agangster is a soldier who runs away from the army (&) adeserter brings goods into a country illegally without paying tax () abigamist betrays his or her country to another stateOccupations 1 Match each person on the left with the correct definition on the right. (a) atrattic warden (b) a dustman (c) awindow dresser (d) anestate agent (e) asecretary () an undertaker (9) a bricklayer (h) acivil servant (i) avet () anewsagent (k) a midwife 2 Instructions as above. (a) achef {b) an architect (c) alibrarian (d) a fishmonger (e) aminer () acurator (g) an interior decorator (h) a typist () achaufteur () asurgeon 3 Instructions as above. (a) an optician (b) aclown (©) ajockey (d) an auctioneer (2) an editor (f) a docker {g) a chiropodist (h) a butcher () areporter @) adipiomat (k) a florist arranges shop-window displays makes brick buildings and walls works in a government ministry controls parking and parking meters collects rubbish from people's houses treats sick animals helps people buy and sell houses sells newspapers and magazines from ashop delivers babies makes arrangements for funerals deals with office correspondence and records drives someone's car for them types letters in an office designs buildings operates on sick people cooks in a restaurant or hotel designs the insides of houses, hotels etc. runs a museum works in a library gets coal from under the ground sells fish from a shop rides racehorses loads and unloads ships in a port sells valuable objects at an auction makes people laugh at a circus tests people's eyes and sells glasses writes for a newspaper sells flowers from a shop represents his or her country at an embassy sells meat Prepares books, newspapers ete. for publication treats people's feet 49Male and Female Complete each pair below by adding the male or female equivalent. {a) king {k) actor (b) bus conductress 0 nun (c) husband (m) walter (d) bridegroom (n) princess @) heroine (0) nephew () boy scout (p) actress (a) barmaid (a) host hl policewoman (9). landlord (i) air steward (s) widow 0 headmistress (i) —— aunt People The words below on the left are used in colloquial conversation to describe people of different characteristics or interests. Match each item on the left with the most suitable phrase on the right. (@) achatterbox (b) a highbrow (c) anosey parker (4) a bookworm (e) afilm fan ()) aslowcoach (g) a lazybones {h) ascatterbrain - () aworkaholic i) a fresh air fiend (k) ahigh flier (a troublemaker (m) a killioy is inquisitive and pokes his or her nose into other people's business can't stop talking loves reading books is confused and forgetful is intellectual and likes serious literature, art, music loves to work is very keen on the cinema is not very active or energetic is slow causes difficulties between people seems to enjoy preventing others from enjoying themselves likes to open the windows or be outside is clever and ambitious and will get promotion and successClothes 1 Match each of the following items of clathing with the correct letter in the pictures below. Jacket socks boots suit apron cap overcoat shorts shirt tee-shirtt pullover trousers shoes waistcoat sandals tie dress skit slippers scarf blouse pyjamas hat (at o} Aa) 2_ Match each of the following parts of clothing with the correct letter in the pictures below. label heel collar lapel sole seam pocket toe sleeve belt laces crease lining cuff button zip _ buckle en 0} Wear/Dress 3° Put the correct form of wear or dress in the spaces below. (a) Students normally (b) She often in black, (0) They usually jeans and sweaters, (0) They were in jeans and sweaters, (e) What were they 2 (f) How were they 2 (g) He can wash, shave and (h) She was an evening {i) The men were in evening . () I's informal. There's no need to___up. very informally. in ten minutes. 514 Put one of the following prepositions in each space in the sentences below. on in off up a) Your jacket's undone. Button it (b) It was very warm. We took (o) Put your pullover. It's cold. (d) That's the man, the dark suit. {e) Hang your coat {) Hang your coat (g) He took his shoes and put (h) Anna’s the girl the red dress. (She's only three. She can't do her coat () He rolied his sleeves and started work. our coats. the hook. some slippers. by herself. Parts of the Body 1 Match each of the following parts of the head with the correct letter in the picture below. hair throat mouth — forehead eyebrow nose eye “neck chin eyelashes eyelid nostril lips cheek jaw ear 2. Match each of the following parts of the body with the correct letter in the picture below. shoulder forearm elbow wrist chest and hip waist thigh nal shin calf leg foot fe) sole toe palm knee thumb ankle finger heel Ke arm stomach Aa)Punctuation Marks and Printing ee On emegg Match each of the following items with the correct letter near the text below. apostrophe inverted commas heading dash comma _capitallletter subheading bracket full stop smallletter_ underlining _stroke colon question mark footnote paragraph semicolon italics exclamation mark abbreviation asterisk hyphen (a) (a) te) (o) ) 0 { t-fPeedutation ale / 2A. You are entitled to import the following ‘1 Fems video-titms, film, cameras; books, ao wees th mt) furniture, stationery; office equipment, a} typewriters, calculators (no! computers), oo f[@) Importation of Animals For the importation of animals* send for leaflets yi) +t) (Pl—>-"Can I Import a Pet?" and "Don't Import Disease!" (o\—— md ini | -* Agricultural animals and pets &.g. dogs, cats. (mm) h Measurements Put each of the following words in its correct place in the sentences below. ounce gallon inch foot yard stone pound acre mile pint (a) 1 2.54centimetres (f) 1__ = 28.35 grams (b) 1 = 0.3048 metre (9) 1 = 0.454 kilogram (0) 1 = 0.9144 metre (h) 4 = 6.35 kilograms (@) 1___ = 1,609.35 metres (e) 1_____ = 0.405 hectare () 1 = 0.568 titre @) 1 = 455 litres 5354 Quantities In the columns (a)-(h) and (1)(p) below are units in which we buy things and in the opposite columns are the things we buy in those quantities. Match each lettered item with the most suitable item on its right. (a) abar of matches (i) anacre — of flowers (b) apair of soap (j) abottle of toothpaste (c) abox of potatoes (k) agalion of land (d) apound of cloth (i) abunch — of wine (e) aroll of shoes (m) atin of sardines (f) anounce of milk (n) atube of petro! (g) ayard of tobacco (o) apacket of jam (h) a pint of film (p) ajar of cigarettes Shapes Put each of the following words in its correct place in the sentences below. circle lower vertical size square upper horizontal shape rectangle angle diagonal centre triangle right angle parallel comer ‘These two diagrams are of the same (@) but of a different (b) . This is a (c) with the (@) lines twice as long as the (e) ones. Thisis a (f) with a (g) line going from the (h) to the top left- hand (i) : This is a () . Each bottom (k) ____ Is 45°. The top one is a | —" Zs These two lines are (m) to each —— other. The (n) line is longer than the (0) one, There is a (p) between them.WORD BUILDING Prefixes In the following exercises syllables or words are to be added to the front of other words to change or add to their meaning. Where necessary, hyphens have been placed in the sentences. 1. c0-(= with, together) re-(= again) ex-(= former, before) inter-(= between) Put one of the above prefixes in each of the spaces in the sentences below. (a) The -pilot took over the plane's controls while the captain had a coffee and sandwich. (b) The US and the USSR can attack each other with -continental missiles. (0) Germany and France are operating on the design of a new space-rocket. (d) She's divorced but she's still on good terms with her -husband, (2) Does ___national sport really improve relations between countries? (f) The teacher told his student to write his bad composition. {g) The local trains are slow but the -city services are excellent. {h) Most houses need to be painted every five to seven years. ()) Men who once served in the armed services are called -servicemen. () Both boys and girls go to that school. It's -educational. 2_bi-(= two) pre-(= before) semi-(= half) counter-(= in the ‘opposite direction) instructions as above. (a) We managed to drive the enemy back, but they attacked. (b) The back wheel of a cycle bears more weight than the front wheel. (c) Dinosaurs lived millions of years ago in {¢) The pupils’ desks were arranged in a teacher. (2) His father is Greek and his mother is Italian so he's __lingual. historic times. circle round the () Itwasa lateral agreement, signed by India and Pakistan. (Q) Bibby is three. She goes toa school playgroup every morning. (h) The espionage department has caught three foreign spies. (i) Houses in Britain are often builtin pairs. They're called -detached. () He was only -conscious when the ambulance arrived and he died in hospital. 5556 3 post-(= after) mono-(= one) anti-(= agains!) non-(= not) Instructions as above. (@) He got his university degree last year. Now he’s doing graduate studies. (b) Some flights go from London to the Middle East -stop. (©) The words ‘fat’, ‘help’ and ‘come’ are all syllabies. (d) That's____sensel You don’t know what you're talking about! (©) The principal -war problem was to rebuild the destroyed cities and industries. () Maybe future trains will run on just a single rail. This system is called a rail. : (g) To prevent petrol from freezing, put freeze in the tank, (h) tm not -marriage. | think it's a very good custom. (i) Pm afraid the club is not open to -members. 4 multi-(= many) trans-(= across) super-(= above, more than) de-(= acting against) Instructions as above. {a) The countryside is becoming there'll be no trees left at all. (b) He works in London and in New York so he’s a regular atlantic air passenger. (c) The train became railed at 60 miles per hour but no one forested so quickly that soon was seriously hurt. (d) He was so powerful that he sometimes seemed almost human. (e) itis now possible to plant a heart from a dead person toa living one. (f) Britain has people from all over the world, tt’s a__racial society. (g) The villages are becoming ‘people move to the cities. (h) He believes in ghosts and magic and other natural things. (i) Concorde is a sonic plane. It fies faster than sound. () He's incredibly rich. He's certainly a millionaire. populated as more'and more 5 pro- three) Instructions as above. for, in favour of) sub-(= under) uni-(= one) tri (2) That road is very dangerous. Use the way to get across. (b) That newspaper is very left-wing. In fact it's -communist. () The marine approached the warship unseen. {¢) They have discovered some terranean caves 200 feet down. (€) Soldiers, policemen and firemen wear form, Teachers don't. (Small children ride cycles, not bicycles. (g) He likes British people and culture, He's very (h) A shape with three angles is called a angle. () The -war party wanted more arms and a bigger army. 4) Both men and women have their hair cut there. It’s a__sex salon, British.6_ over-(= too much) under-(= not enough) Put one of the above prefixes in each of the spaces in the sentences below. {a) He needs a good holiday. He's suffering from (b) She didn’t hear the alarm clock and (0) Itneeds to be cooked a little more. It’s charged me. The price is £8 not £10. (@) You've (e) They say they're _____paid and’ want more money. (There aren't enough people in the country. It's (g) There were too many people in the room. It was, {h) Rich nations should give more aid to work. slept. done. populated. crowded. developed countries. () He's fat and lazy. it's because he ____ eats. @) We 7 un. dis- estimated the cost of the holiday and ran out of money. Put one of the above prefixes in-each space in the phrases below to make the word which follows it opposite in meaning. (a) a(n) comfortable chair (b) a(n) believable story (©) a(n) punctual train (0) a(n) respectful pupil (©) a(n) popular man () a(n) honest shopkeeper (g) a(n) __lucky accident (h) a(n) ____ familiar city (i) a(n) satisfied customer @ a(n) grateful child (k) a(n) united party () to lock a door 8 ire ik im-. ine (m) to obey an order (n) to believe a story (0) to agree with someone (p) to load a ship (@) to ‘approve of someone () to___like cheese (s) to button a jacket () to appear round the corner {u) to cover buried treasure () to trust a politician Put one of the above prefixes in each space in the phrases below to make the word which follows it opposite.in meaning. (a) an resistible temptation {b) an ___ possible plan {0} an legal business deal (d) an accurate calculation (e) an ____mature young man () an moral action (g) an convenient arrangement {h) an logical answer () an responsible boy @) an_____patient motorist an secure feeling an relevant question (m) an alite letter (n) an literate person (0) frequent buses (p) Jegible handwriting (q) an curable illness () an regular train service (s) an dependent country (0 formal clothes (u) an_—_replaceable work of art (vy) an expensive present 87 a5B Suffixes 1 -ish () -ish sometimes means ‘with the qualities of' e.g. boyish. Put each of the following words in its correct place in the sentences below. childish girlish amateurish piggish__monkish (a) He lives in one small room and he hasn't many needs. He leads an almost life. (b) He is usually a very fine actor, but last night he was terrible, really (c) He's nearly eighteen but he still has very attitudes and interests. {d) He behaved very badly at lunch. He really has manners, (e) She still wears rather young, fashions. (ii) -ish often means ‘rather’, ‘about’, ‘more or less' e.g. yellowish (more or less yellow), eightish (about eight), slowish (rather slow). This use of -ish is colloquial, so is not often used in written English, Put each of the following words in its correct place in the passage below, in which a man who has witnessed a crime describes to a police officer what he saw. smallish sevenish twentyish_fairish greenish darkish_tallish Well, it happened very quickly, officer. | was just leaving my office. It was fairiy late, perhaps (a) and | couldn't see very well because itwas already getting (b) . A man came out of the bank, He had (c) ___ hair. His age, well, he was (d) or may be twenty-five. | couldn't guess his height, but he was (e) He had a suitcase and he got into a car, not a very big one, (1) in fact. The colour? I think it was (g) . Sorry I can't be more exact. 2 -ful -less -ful means ‘having’, ‘with’ e.g. careful, cofourful. -less means ‘without’ ‘lacking’ e.g. careless, windowless. Put each of the following words in its correct place in the sentences below. thoughtful harmful successful friendiess thoughtless_-_harmless. beautiful waterless (2) The Sahara Desert is a vast west across Africa. (b) Smoking is, to your health. (©) This present is just what | want and need. How (d) I hope you are in your exams. {e) Don't be afraid of the dog. He's (f) Itwas very of you to play the radio so loud so late at night. (g) She's very Three artists have painted her. (h) twas alone and ina strange city. area which runs from east to of you.3 -er -ee er usually has an active meaning e.g. examiner (a person who sets an examination) -ee usually has a passive meaning e.g. examinee (a person who takes an examination) Put each of the following words in its correct place in the sentences below. interviewer trainer employer interviewee trainee employee (a) |was given a pay rise of £1,000 by my . (b) A football team normally has a tokeep the players fit. (©) Atelevision should always give the @ proper chance to express his or her opinions, (d) That company has 200 people working in its factory. My brother works there and |, too, am an : (2) At the moment he's a management . If he’s successful, he'll be given his first responsible position in January. 4 -proof -proof means ‘safe against’, Put each of the following words in its correct place in the sentences below. ‘able to resist’ e.g. a fireproof door. waterproof soundproof bulletproof heatproof shockproof childproof foolproof (a) The windows of the President's car were made of case of an assassination attempt. (b) Our tent wasn't completely (c) The soldiers were given ‘watches. (d) These dishes are . You can put them in the oven. (e) The bank's security system is completely It can’t possibly go wrong. (). The car locks should be , otherwise. my young sons. will ‘open them during a journey and fall out. (g) The recording studio was completely glass in and the rain came through. 5 -ful -fulis often used to indicate quantity e.g. @ pocketful the contents of a pocket) of coins. Put each of the following words in its correct place in the sentences below. houseful cupful tankful handful mouthful teaspoonful (a) Puta large of rice in boiling water, then add a little salt, just of visitors. ‘of money in front of the taxi driver a . (b) At Christmas we had a (©) The foreign tourist put a and said, ‘Is this enough? (d) After just one knew she was a wonderful cook, (A of petrol should take this car over 200 miles. 596 -er -or -ar From the verbs below make nouns describing people by adding -er, -or or -arto the end and making any other necessary spelling changes. e.g. liberate liberator drum drummer (a) teach (f) collect {k) inspect (p) donate (b) direct (g) sail (act (q) visit (c) beg (h) murder (m) buy (f) produce (d) interpret (i) operate (n) edit (3) travel (@) transiate ) demonstrate (0) work —{{)_ compete 7 Instructions as above. (a) sing (f) rob (k) ski {p) swim (b) govern (g) survive (instruct (q) contribute (©) announce —_(h) supply (m) elect (0) create (d) admire ()controt (n) write (s) manage (e) decorate (i) investigate (0) photograph —(t) lie From the nouns below make other nouns describing people by adding -ist or -ian to the end and making any other necessary spelling changes. e.g. Brazil Brazilian violin violinist (a) motor (g) Buddha (m)science ~—(s) comedy (b) electricity (h) economy — (n) music. (i) beauty (c) Paris () art (0) psychiatry (u) journal (@) Christ @) bicycle (p) terror (V) parachute e) piano (k) tobacco (q) magic (w) language () history —()_ politics. (flower (%) archaeology Nouns made from verbs 1 -sis -ure Make nouns ending in -sis or -ure from the following verbs, making any necessary changes in spelling. Then put each noun in its correct place in the sentences below. emphasize hypnotize sign analyse paralyse seize diagnose fail close enclose (a) The doctor's was that | had bronchitis. (b) Don’t put an side an aerogramme. It is not permitted. (©) The of the blood will help the police find the murderer. (d) The doctor used to make her calm and relaxed. (e) He was very ambitious, and his, to become prime minister was a shock to him. () The at the bottom of the letter was impossible to read. (g) Some teachers put a lot of, on learning by heart. (h) There has been a military government since the army's power six years ago. of(i) This disease can lead to the of certain muscles. () The of the factory and loss of jobs came as a result of fewer orders from abroad. ay Make nouns from the following verbs by adding -y to the end and making any other necessary changes in spelling. Then put each noun in its correct place in the sentences below. prosper enquire injure discover apologize forge expire deliver recover conspire assemble ‘on Sundays. he received In a game of football (a) In England there is no postal {b) He stil suffers from an ten years ago. (0) He could copy other people's signatures perfectly. He was finally sent to prison for (6) The of a ship from the bottom of the sea is a very difficult, expensive operation. (e) The of America was made in 1492 by Christopher Colombus. (f) lwish you happiness, good health and for this coming year. (g) This is the parliamentary building, where the National meets. {h) She accepted his for his rude behaviour at dinner. {i) The President believed there was a to overthrow him, () On . your passport may be renewed for a further five years, (k) Thank you for your about our products. We enclose our current catalogue. 3 -ence Make nouns ending in -ence from the following verbs, making any necessary changes in spelling. Then put each noun in its correct place in the sentences below. prefer obey defend offend insist coincide refer depend correspond reside ~ differ interfere ~ exist ~-pretend (a) He couldn't go to university but continued his education through ‘courses. (b) This monument is in memory of the men and women who died in of this country. (0) Police dogs are trained to a high standard of (d) Tea or coffee? Do you have any 2 (e) She wasn’t really angry at all. It was just () Dictionaries, encyclopaedias and atlases are called (g) The doctors tried to cure him of his on drugs. (h) The United Nations came into in 1945, (i) Despite his that he was innocent, he was arrested. (). Ican’t tell the between butter and margarine, (k) I hope she didn’t take . | was only joking. ()_ Lmet John on holiday quite by chance. What a (mm) She complained of by her mother-in-law in her private affairs. (n) ‘Place of books. * means the place where you live. 6162 4. -ance Make nouns from the following verbs by adding -ance to the end and making any other necessary changes in spelling. Then put each noun in its correct place in the sentences below. annoy resist avold insure resemble enter attend perform accept disturb assist. endure (a) It was the actor's finest . (b) The teacher kept a record of every student's (©) This signature bears no to mine! It's @ forgery! (d) When I received the offer of a job, | immediately wrote a letter of {e) The police were called toa at a private party last night. (f). My house ‘covers me for fire, flood, theft and damage. (g) When she was very old she couldn't look after herself without (h) When people kept talking during the film, he showed his turning round and looking at themn. by (I) The to the park is through that gate there. () After fierce for two days, the soldiers surrendered to the enemy. (k) By continuing his journey alone, on foot, in freezing weather without food for two days he showed remarkable powers of (0) The Automobile Association recommends during the present road repairs, of the city centre 5 -al Make nouns from the following verbs by adding -al to the end and making any other necessary changes in spelling. Then put each noun in its correct place in the sentences below. deny propose approve bury refuse try renew remove arrive ‘survive dismiss rehearse (9) His unpunetualty and bac work soon led 0 his from the i'm. (b) After the funeral service in the church, we went out to the cemetery for the . {c) Thousands of people were at the airport for the President's (a) ‘of your season ticket for another six months will cost you £68, {e) To get married before you are eighteen, you will need your parents’ and consent. () The first performance of the play is tomorrow. The actors are having a final tonight. (g) Atthe end of the five-day . he was found guilty and sent to prison. (h) The factory manager wants to use different machines but the workers don''t like this () The police were amazed at the night out in freezing temperatures. () He made a complete of the accusation against him but no one believed him. of the five children after a(k) don’t understand his to help us. He's usually very helpful, ()) The new republican government demanded the of the king's statue from the main square. 6 -age Make nouns from the following verbs by adding -age to the end and making any other necessary changes in spelling. Then put each noun in its correct piace in the sentences below, use shrink pass store post stop break wreck marry leak (a) A family house always needs space for old furniture and luggage. (b) With the of time, her heartache grew less painful, (©) The between Alan and Josephine will take place in St Andrew's Church on April 21st. (d) The firm is proud of its non-strike record. There hasn't been a of work for twelve years. (0) Airmai to Australia for a large parcel is very expensive. () The of the smashed cer was left by the road as a warning to motori (9) The Prime Minister is very angry about the of information to the press from closed secret meetings. (h) The American of this word is different from the British. (i) Ina shop selling glass and china a certain amount of is unavoidable. () This shirt was guaranteed against for me now and I've only washed it once. , but look, It's too small 7 Putin each space below a noun formed from the verb in brackets after the sentence. (a) John's an expert, so | asked him for some (©) You need more public. (practise) (@) The policeman wanted to see the motorist’s driving . (license) (¢) He made a that she would marry and have three children. (prophesy) {e) We can only get there by plane, There's no (f) ‘Now children, | hope you'll all be on your best tothe museum.’ (behave) (g) Ihave to make a about poor service and the rudeness of your staff, (complain) (hy [think you've made an it? (err) () Naturally he's very unhappy at the money. (lose) () like a museum with a of objects — pictures, sculpture, furniture and other things. (mix) (#) The company has shown rapid years, (grow) ._ (advise) before you can play the violin in (choose) when we go in the bill. Could you check ‘of so much in the last two 638 Instructions as above. (a) Newspapers in that country can say what they like, There's no (censor) (b) It took him a long time to recover from the mother. (die) () The of poverty, disease and ignorance must be our principal aim. (conquer) (d) Itis my that there is life on Mars and Venus. (believe) {e) The police think that she committed the murder but they have no (prove) () twas a great serious. (relieve) (g) Most of the passengers were killed in the airorash. The were badly injured. (remain) of his to hear that your illness isn’t (h) Two miles from here, it's still possible to see the ofa 2,000-year-old Roman town. (remain) () Some people tie a knot in their handkerchiefs as a of something important they must do, (remind) (). The priest asked us to say a for world peace. (pray) (k) He put the two televisions together so that we could make a (compare) 9 Instructions as above. (a) The police car crashed into a tratficrlight while it was in stolen car. (pursue) (b) He feels a deep brother. (hate) (c) Of course the of a mountain takes longer than the (ascend .. . descend) (d) Not far from here you can see the the walls are left. (ruin) (©) Ifyou want to know what's in a book, look at the the front. (contain) (), He has a very wide of Atrican affairs. (know) (g) You'll have to make a ‘soon. (decide) (h) She's very nice but she has a to talk too much. (tend) () I'm not sure, but | have a that he was the boy who stole my bike. (suspect) () The actors received enthusiastic show. (applaud) (&) The staff at this hotel are excellent. They give very good (serve) () The of the new baby was about four kilograms. (weigh) (m) We believe the existence of large armies and terrible weapons is a to world peace. (threaten) (n) His first missed but he killed the bird with his second. (shoot) (0) £50,000 was taken in the bank yesterday. (rob) (p) I've written three letters to the firm about their bad product, but they've made no (respond) ofa for the people who killed his of an old church. Only page at at the end of the10 -sion Make nouns, all ending in -sion, from the following verbs, Put each noun in its correct place in the sentences below. divide conclude expand exclude explode include persuade revise admit (@) | hope friendly to use force. (b) If they get divorced, they'll have to decide on the money and property. (0) He dreamt of the international business. (2) to the club is limited to members only. (e) There was a very loud when the bomb went off. (f) Inthe final weeks before the exam, the students did a lot of will make him change his mind. | don't want of their of his firm from a small factory to a large (g) He was delighted by his in the national football team. (h) The of her name from the list of people chosen to meet the President was a great disappointment. ()... and finally, in , thank you all for coming, 11° Instructions as above. possess confuse permit discuss invade collide confess. extend impress (a) The of the island was resisted as soon as the soldiers landed on the beaches. (b) His car was slightly damaged in the (c) Pupils must not enter the teachers’ room without : (d) His dirty appearance made a bad on the judge, (e) He was arrested for of illegal drugs. (f) The police questioned him for three days until he finally made a (@) Three boys in the school had the same name, which caused some (h) During the office meeting there was a about the need for a new photocopier. () He asked for an of his visa for another six months. 12 -ment Make nouns from the following verbs by adding -ment to the end. Put each noun in its correct place in the sentences below. entertain improve postpone arrange enlarge encourage advertise (2) The 7.45. (b) Llike this photo. | think I'll have an made, (©) This is the city's district, full of cinemas and theatres, (d) We regret to announce the of this evening's concert. The conductor is ill. The concert will take piace next week. (e) The teachers were pleased at the in his work. () His parents gave him a lot of inhi studies. (g) There was a newspaper for a job as a typist. for Monday Is that we'll meet at 7 and take the train at 6566 13. Instructions as above. imprison manage disappoint develop punish agree announce treat govern employ (a) The has announced new, higher taxes. (b) ‘Capital * means the death penalty. (©) The company had talks with the workers’ representatives but they couldn’t reach (4) Alot of country people without jobs came to the city to look for (@) He received at the hospital for his injuries, (), Itwas a big to hear that you can’t come to our wedding. (g) She was sentenced to three years’ (h) Television programmes were interrupted by a special the plane crash. () [hope that we will soon see the our two countries. about of better relations between 14 = -tion Make nouns ending in -tion from the following verbs, making any necessary spelling changes. Then put each noun in its correct place in the sentences below. revolt repeat compete reduce acquire pronounce _praduce qualify solve _ introduce (a) There's a lot of among car manufacturers to sell most cars. (b) There are some differences in between British and American English. (c) Is a degree a necessary for this job? (d) of the new sports car has been affected by a fire at the factory. (e) They are trying to find a to the problem. () Abook sometimes sells better if it has an famous person. (9). The art gallery is very proud of its recent written by a of an important painting. (h) There was a . The people rose up and overthrew the government. (i) That must not happen again. There must be no of the incident. (That shop is offering a big in the price of its clothes. 15. Instructions as above. satisfy oppose explain publish abolish receive describe destroy deceive detain (a) The earthquake caused the complete of the village. (b) The party, or parties, against the government is called the (0) He's finished writing his new book. will be next year. (d) The new film has had a very poor by the critics. {e) She did not get the money honestly and legally. She got it by (f, Many people would like to see the of all nuclear weapons. (g) He had to give his boss an for his absence. (h) Seven illegal immigrants are being held in at the port.(His work is well-paid but doesn’t give him much . @) Ifyou send us a of the missing property, we'll try to find it. 16 -ion Make nouns from the following verbs by adding -ion to the end. Put each noun in its correct place in the sentences below. prevent interrupt elect protect suggest predict select react Invent addict (2) If can work all day without any evening. (b) | can't make any the voting will go. (c) What was his , |can finish the job by this about the result. | don’t know how to the news? Was he pleased or angry? (d) RSPCA stands for the Royal Society for the of Cruelly to Animals, (e) His of a new type of car engine brought him a lot of money. () His to drugs nearly killed him. (g) RSPB stands for the Royal Society for the of Birds. (h) What shall we do tomorrow? Swimming? Film? Museum? Has anyone got a better. 2 (i) He was delighted by hi for the school football team. 17. ation In each space below put a noun ending in -ation made from the verb in brackets below the phrase. {a) apolice () aserious__ (investigate) (accuse) (b) awild (k) the of amesting (exaggerate) (cancel) (©) aheart () I'm full of (operate) (admire) (d). leather (m) the of words (imitate) (abbreviate) (©) good (n) exam (pronounce) (prepare) () the manager's (0) a political (resign) (demonstrate) (9) agencies (p) state or private (accommodate) (educate) (h) links @ from poor countries (communicate) (emigrate) fi) avivid ) to rich countries (imagine) (immigrate) 6718 Instructions as above. (a) a____to charity (donate) () amoment's__ (hesitate) (©) acar with good (accelerate) (6) a hotel (reserve) (e) a burning __ (sense) {) a______of song and dance (combine) (9) apolice (interrogate) (h) a party (invite) () —_ofher health (deteriorate) () aschool (examine) (k) atimetable __ (alter) () tourist (inform) (m) an evening's _ (relax) ) of old paintings (restore) (0) | resisted the (tempt) (p) the __of astory (continue) (@) ajourney of (explore) () the __ of a book (translate) (5) the (interpret) () careful (punctuate) of a speech Nouns made from adjectives 1 Putin each space below a noun made from the adjective in brackets after the sentence. (a) South Africa has great mineral__._ (wealthy) (b) _____.is one of the world's great problems. (poor). (c) Tellthe __. (true) (d) | must drink something. I'm dying of ___. (thirsty) (e) | must eat something, I'm dying of (hungry) (f) He was vory bright. He passed the exam with . (easy) (g) In his ___he travelled a lot. Now he is too old. (young) (h) | don't know how to express my for your help. (grateful) ()) It's very late. There's not much of his coming now, (likely) (i) Tobe a soldier you need to be strong and in good (healthy) )) (k) There was no doubt about his five years. (guilty) () He escaped to 2. Instructions as above. . He was sent to prison for by climbing over the prison wall. (free) (a) The ____ of the president was announced on the radio. (dead) (b) In past wars soldiers were sometimes shot for_. (cowardly) (c) He died to save the lives of others. It was an act of (heroic)(d) He was a very thoughtful, philosophical person. A man of great . (wise) {e) She felt great___at being treated so badly. (angry) (He lett his town to find in the big city. (famous) (9) The tourists were impressed by the of the jewellery in the museum. (splendid) {h) It was a long, slow film, I nearly died of ___. (boring) (i) He was filled with at the terrible things he saw in the war. (horrible) (The ice quickly melted in the of the sun. (hot) &) His was hurt when a younger man was given the job above him, ~ (proud) (think it shows wrong. (strong) of character to admit you are @ Instructions as above. (a) To be successful you need ability and you need (b) He was delighted by the of the welcome he received. (warm) (c) The idea of going through the forest alone at night filled her with (terrible) (d) The of the bridge is about two kilometres. (long) (e) The Of the road is not great enough to take large trucks. (wide) () What's the (g) The (lucky) of that mountain? _ (high) of the water here is over three metres. (deep) 4 = -ence -ance Make nouns ending in -ence or -ance from the following adjectives and put them in their correct placas in the sentences below. confident independent patient innocent reluctant violent resent silent elegant important convenient absent intelligent arrogant (a) The police were there to prevent any possible . (b) There was complete except for the sound of the birds. (c) He was very unsure of himself. He didn’t have much ___. (d) She dressed with great In clothes of the latest French fashions, (©) Although he maintained his prison. {. Itdoesn't matter. I's ofno__. (Q) What a silly thing to do. i thought he had more (h) He thinks he's the only person who's right! What (i) Zimbabwe gained its in 1975. () He didn't like school, and went every day with great {k) Please have a little . We must wait another hour. () Please send the goods at your earliest (m) The boss didn't believe that her (n) People normally stand in the to the end, he was sent to was due to illness. of the Queen, 6970 5 -cy Make nouns ending in -cy from the following adjectives and put them in their correct places in the sentences below. obstinate private urgent efficient accurate vacant frequent fluent (a) Swiss watches are famous for their (b) A for an office manager was advertised in the newspaper. (c) This is a matter of great . lt must be discussed as soon as, possible. (d) Donkeys are known for their . They won't do what they're told. {e) Alter five years in London, of course he speaks English with great () He always did his job well. Everyone appreciated his (g) The of this bus service is about one every ten minutes. (h) I don't like to be visited or phoned too much at home. | ike my 6 -ity-ness ‘Make nouns from the following adjectives by adding -ity or -ness to the end, and put them in their correct places in the sentences below. punctual bald dark deaf foolish popular similar kind valid sad equal quiet (a) He's worried about his increasing He might get a wig. (b) What to leave a baby out in the hat sun. {c) The teacher insisted on (d) Men and women should have (@) Ihave some in my left ear. (The international ‘of the Beatles was amazing. (9) Hike the of this street. it's very peaceful. {h) There is some between German and Dutch. (i) She could see nothing In the ()--You can get season tickets with a of 3, 6 or 12 months. (i) Her death brought to all her family. () Thank you for your to my mother when she was ill. of pay and opportunity. 7 Instructions as above. stupid formal weak neutral neat real blunt fond ill superior Christian serious {a) Don't laugh! | don’t think you understand the situation. (b) The principal religion of this area is (c) The teacher gave a special mark for (d) He proved his by winning easily. {e) Switzeriand has a record of in past wars. ()) He spoke with such that many people were offended. (g) ____ kept him away from work for a week. (h) Twas surprised by the of the occasion. All the men wore dark suits and ties. () Engineers have found a strengthen it. of the in the bridge. They'll have to(). The French (K) He is always daydreaming; he never faces . (l) What a crazy thing to do. How could anyone behave with such 2 for wine is well known. They like it a lot. 6 -ty Make nouns ending in -ty from the following adjectives, making any necessary spelling changes, then put them in their correct places in the sentences below. curious vain simple anxious brief generous necessary clear gay various (a) He spoke with great - Everyone understood. {o) There's no to take the exam if you don’t want to. (0) We were disappointed by the of our stay in Paris. Two days was not enough. (d) The children looked at the foreign stranger with (e) There is increasing about the missing children (f) He is famous for his . He gives large sums to charity. {g) in spite of his fame, wealth and success, he lives a life of great (h) He's always looking at himself in the mirror, What 1 ()_ Ina big city like London there's always a of things to do in the evening. (The music, dancing and decoration gave the party an atmosphere of great oy Make nouns ending in -y from the following adjectives, making any necessary spelling changes, then put them in their correct places in the sentencas below. tragic courteous jealous envious cruel hypocritical certain beautiful difficult furious royal safe loyal a). is another word for ‘politeness’. (0) NSPCC stands for the National Society for the Prevention of to Children. (c) The English Lake District is a place of great natural . (d) «. Fand * "mean more or less the same. {e) During the bombing, children were taken to a place of _. (f) The newspapers described the deaths in the air crash as a (g) At first he had great in understanding the language, (h) That entrance is reserved for and other important people. () People reacted with to the President's speech and thousands of people attacked his palace. () He says everyone is equal but he treats his employees badly. What —___I (k) I think they'll arrive tomorrow but no one is sure, There's not much about it. (I) His wife supported him through all his troubles. She showed great n -72 10 -iness "1 1 Make nouns ending in -iness from the following adjectives, making any necessary spelling changes, then put them in their correct places in the sentences below. happy tidy ugly holy fazy tonely naughty lovely {a) Living alone in the city, he suffered from at first. (b) A factory can be attractive. It doesn't have to be a place of (c) The birth of their baby daughter brought them a lot of (d) He lost his job because of his (@) Please respect the of this religious place by not talking loudly or smoking. () Their mother punished them for their window and telling lies. (@) The teacher complimented her pupils on their polished their shoes and combed their hair. (h) The of the view almost took my breath away. in breaking the . They had all -ion -ment Make nouns ending in -ion or -ment from the following adjectives, making any necessary spelling changes, then put them in their correct places in the sentences below. cautious attractive perfect tense content excited (2) After the revolution people were nervous about going into the streets, There was an atmosphere of (b) She dances so beautifully she almost reaches (©) In his old age he lives a life of peace, comfort and (@) This animal is dangerous. It should be handled with the greatest (e) The children’s increased as Christmas Day drew near. (f) Tower Bridge in London is a major tourist Adjectives made from nouns yily The addition of -y or -ly to a noun often makes an adjective, e.g. a windy night, fatherly advice, a daily newspaper. Put each of the following words in its correct place in the sentences below. sally grassy scholarly rainy friendly ghostly weekly yearly {a) It's a very academic, book. (b) It's been dry for two weeks but I think next weekend will be (c) We found a nice place by the river for our picnic. (2) Julia will help you, She's a very pleasant, girl. {e) The water of the lake was rather ___, like sea-water. Wa figure in white suddenly appeared before us. (9) He makes visits to his firm's head office in Paris, usually in April. (h) ‘Time’ is an American. news magazine.2 -ous In each space below put an adjective ending in -ous made from the noun in brackets below the phrase. (a plant (poison) () a organisation (religion) () an journey (adventure) a movement (nerves) (a country (mountain) (a story (humour) (9) a escape (miracle) (h) a machine (danger) @a sunset Glory) 3 ic @ an politician (ambition) (a soldier (courage) Wa earthquake (disaster) (ma film star (fame) (n) an student (industry) {o) an disease {infection} (pa disappearance (mystery) (a army (vietory) a person (suspicion) Make adjectives ending in -ie from the following nouns, making any necessary spelling changes, then put them in their correct places in the sentences below. poetry art drama sympathy climate photography democracy energy science alcohol (a) Whisky of course is an drink. (b) She paints and draws. She's very (©) Sweden and Brazil have different weather. They're in different zones. (d) They have free elections. It's a (0) | feel very fit and today. (), She bought a camera and other (g) She likes physics, chemistry and other when | told him my problem. (h) He was very patient and () She has a very imaginative, country. equipment. subjects. style of writing. (i) The big doors suddenly opened and he entered. It was very 7374 4. -ical Make adjectives ending in -ical from the following nouns, making any necessary spelling changes, then put them in their correct places in the sentences below. psychology grammar crisis music politics medicine alphabet clerk theatre practice {a) He speaks English fluently but with some (b) The index at the back of a book is in (c) i never go to concerts. I'm not at all (d) He's very He can make and repair almost anything. (e) She could make a lot of money in films, but she is more interested ina career. (f) He's interested in affairs. He might enter parliament. (g) Physically he was unhurt, but he suffered damage. {h) He treated her injury although he had no qualifications. (i) The doctors say her condition is now 4) She wants a job. She has always liked office work. mistakes. order. 5 Ineach space below put an adjective made from the noun in brackets after the phrase. (@a dress (fashion) (K) a athlete (muscle) (b) a army (triumph) Wa painting (value) (c) an letter (affection) — (m)a worker (skill) (a table (circle) (nya state (socialism) (e) interests (literature) (o)a attempt (success) () a_house (suburb) —(p) a friend (trust) @a shape (triangle) — (q) a place (peace) (hy a child (trouble) Wa day (memory) () a chair (comfort) (a person (knowledge) @) a business (profit) () a country (distance) Adjectives made from verbs 1 able Make adjectives ending in -able from the following verbs, making any necessary spelling changes, then put them in their correct places in the sentences below. change advise accept sult adjust read enjoy cure regret agree break depend (a) It's to book early, but not essential. (b) English weather is very . It's often different from day to day. (c) twas a mistake. lam very sorry. (d) |s 6.304 time, or is it too early? (e) He's avery boy. You can rely on him. {| Pack them carefully. They're . (g) You'll like it. I's a very book. (h) You can raise the microphone or lower it. It's () Thank you for a very evening. We had a lovely time. (). We regret that late applications are not (k) We'll meet at 8 if you are all ()) Fortunately the cancer was and he is now well again.2 -ive Make adjectives ending in -ive from the following verbs, making any necessary spelling changes, then put them in their correct places in the sentences below. destroy attract produce inform deceive decide appreciate protect create talk (a) He was very of all | had done for him. (0) The factory has been more since we bought new automatic machines. (0) His appearance is . He's older than he looks. {d) Nuclear weapons are terribly : (6) His lecture was very . We learnt a lot. () She's very . She paints, makes sculpture and designs textiles. (9) She's a very girl. Men always like her. (h) She was very - She told me all about herself and her family. () Firemen wear clothing, otherwise they would get burnt. (i) He's not afraid to take action. He’s very In each space below put an adjective made from the verb in brackets below the phrase. fa) a boy (h) an dog (die) (obey) b) a book a district (bore) (reside) (©) an car Wa fish (economize) (slip) (da neighbour (k) an film (quarrel) (educate) (e) an chapter Wa child (introduce) (spoil) () an film (ma cake (entertain) (stick) (9) an policeman (n) an leaflet (observe) (explain) Verbs made from nouns In each space below put a verb made from the noun in brackets after the sentence. (a) The teachers {b) Twant to (o) Fireworks death. (blood) (f) The police can’t (9) More floods could the pupils to study. (courage) my house by building an extra room. (extent) dogs and cats. (fright) (d) The doctor gave her some tablets to (@) If the ambulance doesn't come soon, he'll the pain. (relief) to that he committed the crime. (proof) hundreds of homes. (danger) 7576 (h) The police are trying to the body. (identity) (i) They plan to ‘the bridge by building more stone supports. (strength) () She said women must domination. (liberty) (k) The smoke was so dense that we could hardly (breath) ())_ My brother and I decided to. the money we found. (half) (m) Why can't they the break so that we have time for a coffee? (length) themselves from male Verbs made from adjectives -en Make verbs ending in -en from the following adjectives, making any necessary spelling changes, then put them in their correct places in the sentences below. tight less sweet loose deep straight weak flat worse sharp bright light ripe quiet broad dark deaf wide (a) Tomorrow will begin dark and cloudy but it will later. (b) You can the risk of theft by locking your bieycle. (c) These apples in June. (d) You should this dish by adding sugar. (e) The hospital phoned to warn that her husband's condition was beginning to (f) This road is very narrow but they're planning to it, (g) He managed to the ropes round his wrists and escape. (h) They decided to the ship by throwing some machinery into the sea, () don’t know how that loud disco music doesn’t people. (). They are going to that rough area to make a football pitch. (k) When the evening began to. , we turned on the lights. (l) They are going to the harbour so that it can take bigger ships. (m) Have you a knife? | want to my pencil. (n) Foreign travel will your experience. (0) She gave the noisy baby a toy to it, (p) Can you that picture on the wall? It's crooked. (q) That screw’s loose. it with a screwdriver, (r) The boxer began the fight strongly but began to round. in the fifthy SPECIALIZED VOCABULARY Formal Words The three passages below are written in formal English. They contain words and structures which are often found in notices, regulations and formal letters but which are not common in ordinary everyday conversation. Put each of the following formal words in its correct place in the notice below. enquire produce facilitate stating seek obligatory attend admitted leave ALL COLLEGE STUDENTS If you wish to obtain a certificate of registration you will be required to (a) your admission slip. A note from your teacher (b) that you (c) your class regularly is not (a) but will greatly (e) matters, If you (f) advice, please (2) at the office. Overseas students should be aware that students are (h) to the college only on condition that they have obtained (i) to study from the Home Office. Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in the passage below. Provide prior notify in possession of additional further desire Inexcess of held retain locations terminating Conditions of Car Rental Divers rust have (5) a valid driving licence for a minimum of three years. Overseas visitors should be ( . Britshor International licence, Gare rented from our London office may only be returned te our other offices (Manchester, Bristol, Oxford) by (c)__arrangement and on payment ofan ()__ charge. Hadriverfailstoreturn acar tous by one weekafter theagreed (o)___date, ‘we will be obliged to inform the police. Special rates are available for periods (Q)___three months, Drivers who (g)_____ to (h)_____ the ear for » longer duration should ()_____the company a8 soon as potsible. We also have offices at a number of ()__in Scotland, Our Lendonottice will bs pleased to (k)___(I)_ deta3. Instructions as above. funds requested in duration assist attire commencement — ensure departs prior to undertake ‘commences ‘appropriate TOUR OF SOUTHERN SPAIN The tour is fourteen days (a). and (b). on Saturday 1 June, when our luxury coach (c) from our London office. The price, which should be paid at least ten days (a). the (e) of the tour, is inclusive of alltransport, meals and accommodation, but travellers should (f) that they take with them adequate (g)_____ for extra expenses. In the event of the cancellation of the tour we (h) to refund the complete amount paid. The tour group will be accompanied by acourier, who will (i) members of the group at all times. Travellers are (i) towear (k)___(U) for visits to churches and other holy places. 4 Make the following phrases more formal by replacing each word or phrase in italics with a word or phrase from one of the groups in the above three exercises. In some cases it is necessary to make a small change in, or addition to, the words or phrases. e.g. the train leaves at 07.15 __ the train departs at 07.15 we agree to do the work —_ we undertake to do the work {a) ask at the station (m) you must have a valid (0) to make things easier passport (©) before our arrival (n) the tour will end in Paris (d) a previous engagement (0) they go toa primary school (e) she will help us {p) he was allowed to enter (). more than £100 (q) the regulations say that . (9) more information (0) if you want information (h) tell the company (s) hehas permissiontobe absent (i) the beginning of the course ()._ sufficient money for expenses (k)_ keep your ticket {) they'll give more information (show your driving licence (u) make sure you have permission (V) you are asked to be punctualSlang and Colloquial Words Slang 1. Slang is vocabulary which is used in very informal spoken language but not considered good in formal ‘correct’ English. For example a slang word for ‘thank you" is ‘ta’ and a slang word for ‘mad’ is ‘nuts’. The slang words in the sentences below are printed in italics. Replace each slang word with a word or phrase from the following list. made friend television policeman discarded nuisance Pound(s) cigarettes alcohol prison without money (a) He smokes 30 fags a day. Too many! (b) He drinks a lot. He must spend twenty quid a week on booze. {c) He thought his meal was overcooked. When the waiter brought his bill he kicked up a fuss and would not pay. (d) I lost £500 at a casino last night. I'm absolutely skint. (e) My mate stole a car. Now he's in the nick. (f) She got bored with her boyfriend and ditched him. (g) There's a good film on the box tonight, but I've got to go out. What a drag! (h) I wouldn't like to be a copper directing traffic in the street in this bad weather. Colloquial words 2 Colloquial words are words which are quite acceptable in spoken English but not in written English (except in informal letters to friends ete.). For example we might say, ‘He's a nice chap," but we would probably write, ‘He is a pleasant man.’ (The line between slang and colloquial words is not at ali clear and many words considered colloquial by some people would be considered slang by others.) The colloquial words in the sentences below are printed in italics. Replace each colloquial word with a word or phrase from the following list. drunk ~ very good child short sleep bicycle dismiss joking without money tollet’ possessions newspaper upper class (a) Her boss said he would sack her if she was late again. (b) There's a superfilm on at the pictures this week. (c) He made a lot of money and now he lives in a very posh district. (¢) When | was a kid | went everywhere by bike. {e) My grandfather usually has a snooze after lunch. (f) Did you really find #50, or are you kidaing? (9) She lives in just one room and has to share a kitchen, bathroom and Joo with the other people in the house. (hy I'm broke. Can you lend me some money? (i) 'matraid | drank too much and got a bit merry. (). You can’t believe everything you read in the paper. (k) She's very untidy. She leaves her stufflying all over the place. 7980 American Words 4 The American words in the sentences below are printed in italics. Replace each American word or phrase with a British word or phrase from the following list. fail rise chemist caretaker playing truant flat railway timetable tap nappies holidays ordinary uniformed policeman bill pavement trousers salooncar postman post (a) His mother thought he was at school but in fact he was playing hookey. He'll probably flunk his exams. (b) The kitchen faucet in my apartmentisn't working. I'l tell the janitor. He'll get it fixed. (c) Blue-collar workers are asking for a pay-hike and longer paid vacations. (d) The dog attacked the mailman and tore his pants. {e) Do you have a railroad schedule? | want an early train for Chicago tomorrow. () A patrolman reported a light-blue sedan parked right across the sidewalk on 3rd Street. (g) She has a little baby so she has to make regular visits to the drugstore to buy diapers. (h) When the waiter handed me the check after the meal, | found that | had no money! () How much does it cost to mail a letter to Australia? 2 Instructions as above. petrol jam specialize (university studies) garden windscreen lift underground cinema university queue _ maths (mathematics) shops sweets rubbish note petrol station autumn secondary school ground floor (a)_We had to stand in line at the movie-theater last night. (b) Our back yard looks lovely in the fail. The leaves on the trees turn brown and red. (©) He wants to major in math at college when he leaves high school. (d) When you stop for gas at a gas station, they sometimes clean your windshield. (e) We had to buy a lot at the stores, then we took the subway home. (f) The elevator’s broken down again, but it doesn’t matter. We live on the first floor. (g) She likes candy, and bread and butter with jelly on it. They're bad for her teeth. (h) The only money i have is a twenty dollar bit (In this district they only collect the garbage once a week.Newspaper Headlines 1. Certain words are found in newspaper headlines sometimes with a different meaning from that of their normal use. For each of the following ‘headline words’ on the left, find an item on the right with the same meaning (it will help you if you look at the headlines in exercise 2 below). {a) AXE fire (b) BID close down, dismiss (usually for economic reasons) (c) BLAST conflict, disagree(ment), fight, fighting (d) BLAZE diplomat (2) CLASH exciting or dramatic event () CURB attempt {g) DRAMA explosion (h) ENVOY affect badly () HIT vote, election, public opinion survey @) POLL reduce, reduction, limit (K) PROBE investigate, investigation () Quit question, interrogate, interview {m) QUIZ reduce drastically (n) RIDDLE leave, depart, resign (0) SEEK attract, interest, win the support of (p) SLASH look for, want, ask for (@) STORM mystery () TOLL marry (s) WED angry argument () Woo. total number of dead 2. In headlines, as well as special vocabulary being used, some words (a, the, some, be, been etc.) are often omitted, abbreviations are common, and verb tenses are sometimes used differently. Explain the following headlines in simple English. e.g, UKTO SEND MORE AID TO GHANA The United Kingdom is going to send more help to Ghana. (a) ARMY AXES 3 BASES, 2,000 MEN {b) BID TO REACH NORTH POLE FAILS (c) HOTEL BLAST KILLS & (d) ANIMALS DIE IN ZOO BLAZE (©) US, USSR CLASH OVER ARMS CURBS () 3 SAVED IN FLATS BLAZE DRAMA (9) ENVOY ACCUSED OF SPYING (h) TOURISTS HIT BY PILOTS’ STRIKE () PM ANNOUNCES MARCH POLL () POLICE PROBE MISSING WOMAN RIDDLE (Kk) TOP SCIENTIST QUITS UK FOR US () 3 QUIZZED OVER BOY'S KIDNAP, (m) FILM STAR SEEKS DIVORCE (n) AIR FARES SLASHED TO WOO HOLIDAY MAKERS (0) STORM AT UN OVER ‘SPIES' ACCUSATION (p) EARTHQUAKE TOLL REACHES 27 (q) ACTOR TO WED FOR FIFTH TIME 8182 Abbreviations Abbreviations are a common part of language. We use many of them in spoken English, pronouncing them either as initials (BBC, EEC, FBI) or sometimes as complete words in themselves (NATO, OPEC). Some abbreviations are used only in the written form (Bros, St, Esq) and other abbreviations represent the original Latin or occasionally French or Italian words and are spoken quite differently from their written form (Ib, 02). 4 Put each of the following abbreviations in its correct place in the sentences below. The full version of each abbreviation is given at the ‘end of the exercise. AA BBC Cof— ITV Mis OHMS BA BR M4 NSPCC RSPCA in oz cf ft Ib Rd Esq (a) Non-commercial radio and television in Britain is controlled by the (b) The investigates cases of cruelty to children. (c) The rotects and cares for animals. (d) The the biggest organization for motorists in Britain. {e) If asked which church they belonged to, most English people would say GO) is the main British state security organization, responsible {or acting against foreign espionage. @ ‘operates the railway system in Britain. (h) Letters from government offices usually have the initials the envelopes. (i) The first degree in an arts subject from a British university is the on ) The runs from London to the south-west of England. (k) Most peopie enjoy watching the commercials (advertisements) between programmes. ()) The weight of the parcel was 3__10____. (m) The length of the room is 22 (n) John M Carter “__ Mr and Mrs Rl Waters, 24 Feltham . London SW6. Automobile Association Military Intelligence Department Bachelor of Arts No5 British Broadcasting Corporation _National Society for the British Rail Prevention of Cruelty to care of Children Church of England On Her Majesty's Service Esquire (formal title for a man ‘ounce(s) (1 oz = 28.35 9) used in addresses) pound(s) (1 Ib = 0.454 kg) foot/feet (1 ft = 0.3048 m) Road inch(es) (1 in = 2.54 cm) Royal Society for the Prevention Independent Television ‘of Cruelty to Animals. Motorway No 42 Instructions as above. CiA FBI KGB OPEC UK USA EEC NATO UN USSR a) The was set up in 1945 to keep world peace and help international co-operation. (b) The is often called the Common Market. (c) Most countries which export oil belong to . (d) The is responsible for state security in the Soviet Union. (e) The American works, normally secretly, to collect information about other countries. 0 a military alliance of the USA, Canada, and most West European countries, Greece and Turk (g) The investigates crime in America. (h) There are fifty states inthe. (i) Moscow is the capital of the () The consists of Great Britain (England, Scotland, Wales, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man) and Northern Ireland, Central Intelligence Agency Organization of Petroleum European Economic Community Exporting Countries Federal Bureau of Investigation United Kingdom Komitet Gosudarstennol United Nations Bezopasnosti United States of America North Atlantic Treaty Union of Soviet Socialist Organization Republics 3 Instructions as above. AD PTO °F PS St v BC Bros °C RSVP NB No (@) | didn’t know anything was written on the other side of the page. Why didn't you write at the bottom? {b) INTERNATIONAL FOOTBALL. ENGLAND (©) The address of the firm was written as, Johnson Dock: , London E5." (4) The Roman general, Julius Caesar, came to Britain over 2,000 years ago in 55 (e) Candidates in this exam must answer question (and any two others. __ Answers must be written in pen, not pencil, SPAIN. , 82 East (f) ‘The summer temperature in Britain rises to about 80 , that's about 27__. (g) That house is more than 100 years old. It has ‘ 1877’ on the wall. (h) The wedding invitation had ‘once, (i) After finishing the letter to his parents, he thought for a moment and then added ‘ Please send more money." written on it, so | replied at Anno Domini (in the year of our Number Lord) Please Turn Over Before Christ Postscript Brothers Répondez s'll vous plait (please degrees Celsius or centigrade reply) degrees Fahrenheit Street Nota Bene (note carefully) versus (against) 83PAIRS OF WORDS OFTEN CONFUSED Choose the correct word for each space below. 1 lose/loose {a) Look after that money or you'll it. (0) That screw is a bit . You'd better tighten it. (©) The opposite of ‘to find’ is ‘to " (d) I tied the dog to a tree but it got 2 their/there {a) The students brought (0) They are having (c) ___are my friends! (d) ifs nice place. | often go 3 advice/advise fa) | you to see a doctor. (6) She didn't listen to her father’s . (0) I'm very grateful to you for your (6) I really don't know what to 4. practice/practise (a) They need more (6) They're pianists. They six hours a day. (c) You won't increase your typing speed if you don’t get more and ran away. books. breakfast. (¢) She took a job in a travel agency to 5 weather/whether (a) don't know _____ to see that film or not. (b) Their holiday was spoilt by bad (c) What's the like? Is it sunny? {d) She can't decide she ought to marry him. 6 _beside/besides (@) The post office is the cinema, (b) They always sit each other in class. (c) There are several big parks in London {d) What languages does he speak 7 stationery/stationary (a) The bus stood in the traffic jam for 20 minutes. (b) The teacher got some paper from the school cupboard. (c) The weather system over Western Europe has been for two days. (d) The office staff were told to use paper more carefully, since the bill the month before had been very high. 8 accept/agree (a) He thinks she's beautiful but | don’t with him. (b) This machine does not damaged coins. (c) They will only to do the job if you pay them first. {¢) He cannot the fact that his wife is dead. her languages. Hyde Park. English? 849 comprehensive/understanding (a) A priest is normally a patient, person. (b) I's avery book. It covers all aspects of the subject. {c) London taxi drivers have a very knowledge of the city, (d) Whatever stupid things he did, his mother was always ____ and she forgave him. 10 sensible/sensitive (a) It's fo save part of your salary every month. (b) Don’t laugh at him. He's very about his appearance. (0) It’s cold. Ithink it would be to take a warm coat with you. (d) My skin is very to the sun. Film is to light. 11 actuallyinow (a) Ten years ago he had nothing; he is a millionaire. (b) |I've jost contact with him. | don’t know where he is (c) Is that necklace made of gold? (d) Tell me the truth. What happened? 12 control/check (a) The police were unable to the pitch fighting and shouting. (b) An inspector came along the train to (c) He's really a wild boy. His parents can’ (¢) | advise you to the football fans, who ran on to all the tickets. him. all your exam answers before you hand your paper in. 13. teacher/professor (a) The told his class to do their homework carefully. (b) When | was at school | had a very good history (c) He taught at the university for many years but he never became a (a) ‘Bolton is head of the Chemistry Faculty at the University of York. - 14 affect/effect (a) The punishment had no he began to steal again. (b) The new taxes will the rich, they'll have to pay more. (c) The higher bus fares won't me. Ihave a car. (d) The medicine had an immediate . Hfelt better at once. 15 past/passed {a) I've the exam! {b) She the post office on her way home, but forgot to go in. {c) The thief hid in a doorway and the policeman ran him. (6) twas midnight when | finally got to bed. 16 economic/economical (a) Itisn’t very 0 leave the lights on when you're not in the room. (b) Because of the recent strikes, the very bad. (c) She's an economist. She's an expert in matters. (@) It'savery litle car. It uses very litle petrol. on him. As soon as he left prison situation of the country is 8586 17 _principal/principle(s) (a) Telling lies is against his (b) He believed in the that all men are equal. (c) Mr Williams is the of this college. (4) Oxford Street is one of the shopping streets of London. 18 grateful/thankful (@) I'm very to you for your help. (b) He was very ashamed of what he had done and was his family didn't know about it. (c) We were all that the weather was good for the picnic. (@) She was very to her parents for their advice and support. 19 lend/borrow (a) Can you me some money till Monday? (6) Britain had to some money from the World Bank. (©) We books from the library. (a) Ih you my car if you promise to drive carefully. 20. quite/quiet (a) It’s noisy here. Let's find a (b) I'm satisfied, thank you. {c) Sometimes she longed for the peace and (@) He hadn't finished when | came in. 21 canal(s)/channel (a) The shortest sea-route from Europe to India is through the Suez that place. of the country. (b) Before railways the transport. (c) The seaway between Britain and France is often called the English between cities were important routes of (@) He was bored by the television programme so he changed to-a different 22 priceless/valueless (a) The painting turned out to be so | threw it away. (b) The Crown Jewels of the Royal Family cannot be insured. They are . (©) The contents of the British Museum are, of course, are of incalculable value. (a) Although these stamps are design. 23 invaluable/worthless (@) Acassette-recorder is Ina pronunciation class. (b) Thank you so much for your advice. It was (c) The information was completely false, quite . (d) These bank notes are no longer in use. I'm afraid they're 24 continuously/continually {a) She is coming late! (b) Itrained for three hours this morning. (©) The firemen worked through the night to put out the flames, (d) I'm afraid you make the same mistakes in your work. . They , Hike them for their colour and25 hard/hardly (a) She's a worker. (b) She works very__. (0) | was so tired | could speak. (@) He had got home when the phone rang. 26 avoid/prevent (2) Ltry to travelling in the rush hour. It’s so tiring. (b) The police managed to {) We must do something to {d) He swerved to the left to 27 maybe/may be the crowd from moving forward. such a thing happening again. the car coming towards him. (2) We don't know where he is. He in America, {b) We don’t know where he is. he’s in America. (c) He's not in the office today. he's ill. (a) It that he's still in France. | don’t know. 28 rise rose risen/raise raised raised e.g. Taxes will rise, He raised his hat, ‘The sun rises in the east. Prices will be raised by many When the President shopkeepers. entered, everyone rose. ‘Raise your hand if you have a Their hopes are rising. question. Choose the correct verb in each sentence below. {a) They (rose/raised) their glasses and drank to the happy couple. (b) Of course prices always (rise/raise) in a time of inflation, (c) The smoke (rose/raised) high into the air. (d) College fees will be (risen/raised) from next September. (e) The two parts of Tower Bridge (rise/raise) to allow ships to go through. (f)_ The two parts of the bridge are (risen/raised) by very powerful machinery. (g)_She couldn't hear him so he (rose/raised) his voice. {h) The water level has (risen/raised) six inches in the last three days. () The number of deaths in traffic accidents (rises/raises) every year. (He (rose/raised) his head and looked at her. 29 steal stole stolen/rob robbed robbed 2.g. Someone stole £10 from A gang robbed the bank of her. £10,000. £10 was stolen from her. The bank was robbed of £10,000. Choose the correct verb in each sentence below. (a) He (stole/robbed) a bottle of whisky from the shop. (b) He was stopped and (stolen/robbed) by two armed men. (c) Two banks were (stolen/robbed} last week. (d) Ifyou leave your money there, it'll be (stolen/robbed). {e) Someone's (stolen/robbed) my wallet! (f) They were planning to (steal/rob) a shop. (g) She (stole/robbed) some clothes from her employers. (h) We've been (stolen/robbed). Look, all our silver's gone! {l)_In the old days they used to hang people who (stole/robbed) sheep. 8788 30. lie lay lain/lay laid laid e.g. Switzerland lies in central Lay the books on the table. Europe. He laid his hand on my shoulder. He lay down onthe grass. The hen has laid an egg. His clothes were lying on The bricks were laid badly. the floor. tt had lain hidden for centuries. Choose the correct verb in each sentence below. (a) Windsor (lies/lays) on the Thames west of London. (b) She gave the baby a kiss and (lay/laid) it on the bed. (©) Hurry up! (Lie/Lay) the table! (d) The dogs entered the room and (lay/laid) down near the fire. (e) He had (lain/laid) on the pavement for twenty minutes before help came. (f). He ordered the dog to (lie/lay) the newspaper at his feet, (g) He ordered the dog to (lie/lay) down. (h) This table has been carelessly (lain/laid). (i) All his belongings were (lying/laying) in a mess on the floor. () The porter had to (lie/lay) the luggage down and take a breath. (k) The Queen (lay/laid) the foundation stone of this building in 1965. ()) The soldiers ordered the terrorists to (lie/lay) down their arms, and then to (lie/lay) down on the ground with their hands behind their backs. 31 remember/remind e.g. remember meeting you in Paris last year. Please remember to turn off the lights when you go. Sorry, | can't remember your name. Thope he remembers he must phone me. Please remind me to post this letter. You remind me of my brother. | must remind you that the exam is next week. Did you remind her about our meeting tomorrow? Choose the correct verb in each sentence below. (a) What's Sandra's phone number? | can't (remember/remind). (b) Some parts of the city (remember/remind) me of my home town. {c) must (remember/remind) to get some stamps from the post office today. (@) | (remiemberiremind) coming here when | was a child. (e) She (remembered/reminded) the class to be at the station early for the trip to the seaside. () He's very forgetful. His children always have to (remember/remind) him about his wife's birthday. (9) Please (remember/remind) that the ABC Company is our most important customer. (h) [have to (remember/remind) you that our business with the ABC. Company is very important to us. ()) Do you {remember/remind) if| locked the door when we left the house? (i) There's Johnt Oh, that (remembers/reminds) me! He owes me some money.KEY Topics Air Travel (p. 8) 1. (a) checkin (b) trolley (c) chockin desk (@) check (e) excess baggage () conveyor belt {g) hand luggage (h) immigration officer (0) securlty guard () departure lounge (i) duty tree ()) departures board (im) announcement (a) board (0) departure gate (6) security check (q) passengers (1) on board (3) taxi () runway (u) take off 2 (a) altliner (0) cabin crew (¢) aisle (¢) turbulence (2) seat belis () headphones (9) land 3_(a) by (0) off (6) through (2) at (6) to... off (0) in {@) on (h) at Bank Accounts (p. 6) 4 (a) open (b) account (c) formalities (@) branch (@) filin (bank charges {g) overdraft 2 (a) current (0) interest (©) cheque (6) deposit. (e) withdraw (D notice 4. (@) slatement (b) deposit (¢) withdrawal (d) balance (e) standing omer 4 (a) expenditure (0) income (c) overdrawn (@) keep a record (o) countertol () crossed (g) cash 5 (a) from (@) in (6) for (4) to (@) at (f) outa! (g) trom Books and Reading (p. 7) 1. {a) atlas. (b) textbook (c) dictionary (@) encyclopaedia (6) thriller () manual {g} guidebook (h) Who's Who 2 (a) bookworm () browse (c) illustraons (¢) glossary (6) footnotes () bibliography. (@) borrow (h) fine () reviews. () published 3. (a) Contents page: ‘normally a the front, tells you what the book contains, in order of chapters or pages. Index: in alphabetical ‘order and usually al the back, alist of names, places ‘ec, mentioned in the book with page references. (©). A.bockshop sells books; a Mbrary lends them. (6) An author writes books; a publisher prints and sells thom. (d) You lend something to someone, and borrow from someone. (e) A biography: someone's Ife story. An autobiography: a biography writen by lis subject. (0) Fiction: imaginary writing. Nonfiction: factual writing. Reference books: information books. 4 (a) trom (@) at (o) at (@) in (@) up...in ( by {g) on Cars (p. 8) 1. (a) boot (b) aerial (0) windscreen (4) bonnet {8) bumper () number plate (g) headlights {n) tyre () engine () windscreen wipers (8) wheet() exhaust pipe (m) gear lever (0) rearview miror (0) dashboard (6) steering wheel (a) seat belt (9 accelerator (pedal) (s} headrest (0) brake (pedal) (u) clutch (pedal) 2 (a) tue! consumption ... mpg... petal tank (b) performance (c) vehicle... rear {@) Instruments. (@) overtake’ (i) reverse (g) body {) Indicate Cinema and Films _(p. 9) 1 (@) cinema (b) review -(c) critic (2) periormance (8) foyer () poster {9} usherette (h) screen () row () alslo {8 cartoon () trailer (m) horror 2 (a) performance (b) role (0) cast (d) director (2) studio (location (@) documentary (5) ertical () box otfice q) plot 3 (a) on (b) in (6) on (d) onat (@) on {at (g) tor (hy to {on @) at (K) at) t0...in (om) at Doctors and Hospitals (p. 10) 1 (a) general practioner (a) nurse (c) payehiatist (d) pationt (2) in-patient {) outpallent (Q) surgeon (h) casually {i) midwife) medical student (k) specialist, 2 (a) receptionist.) waiting room {6} sppointment (6) symptoms. (e) examine (stethoscope (g) pulse (h) temperature {) thermometer q) prescription (K) chemist (I) treatment (m) ward (n) operation 3 (a) on (b) to (c) from (d) in (e) with (0 of (g) for Education (p. 11) 1 (a) nursery school (b) primary (c) academic {¢) terms. (e) breakup (1) secondary (g) co-educational (h) compulsery (i) state ) private (K) graduate (I) degree (mn) tutorial {f) seminar (o} lecture (9) grant (q) Joes 2 (a) Students sit an exam. Examiners set an exam. (b) ‘Teke an exam: attempt the questions, Pass an ‘exam: be successful, (6) Compulsory: required by Jaw or regulation. Voluntary: performed by free choice. (@) Schools and universities educate people, Parents bring them up. (6) A pupil: a chitd at school. A student: normally an older person and at college or tuniversity. 3 (a) to (b) at... of (0) in. (a) at (e to (f) into (g) up (h) at (in. @ from k) by Elections and Government (p. 12) 4 (@) predict (6) opinion poll (6) election campaign (d) support (e) vote ( palling station (Q) polling day {h) ballot box () candidate 2 (a) one-party states (b) majority, (6) opposition (¢) coalition (2) cabinat () prime minister (q) left-wing (h) right-wing () split q) alliance 3. (a) pro- for, in support of, Anti: against. (a) An election: when people vote for a person or persons to represent them, A relerendum: when a nallon votes on one particular issue. 4 (a) for (b} in (c) against (@) to (o) with () Between (Q) in Flats and Houses (p. 13) 1. (@) flat (b) self-contained (c) rent (@) advertisements (0) accommodation agency (D block (9) fee (h) landiord ()) deposit () references 2 (2) torraced (b) cramped (6) spacious (4) estate agent (¢) somidetached {) surveyor (g) condition (h) removals () architect () detachad (&) builder 3 (a) A landlord owns property and receives rent fori. A tenant pays rent far the use of a room, flal, or other 89property. (b) A house usually has two or more storeys. A bungalow has only one. .(c) The ground floor is at ground level. The frst floor is above the ground floor. 4 (a) on (orf) (b) in (¢) into {it (eter) on @) (Hn atv oi Food and Restaurants (p. 14) 1. (a) cookery books (6) dish () recipe (6) Ingredients (e) snack () oat out (a) walter {b) menu () bil () ip (k) fast food () take-away 2 (@) entertaining (0) cutlery {6) napkin. (@) starter (2) main course {vegetarian (g) dist {(h) side dish () dessert ) washing up (k) sink () crockery 3 (a) Abutfet: a meal when people help themselves {o food laid out on a table, and often eat standing up. A banquet: a grand meal for alot of people on a special eccasion. (6) Overcooked: cooked too ‘much. Undercooied: not cooked enough. Raw: ‘uncooked: (c) A chef cooks in a restaurant or hotel. ‘A calrer offers a service providing food and drink for ‘special occasions. (d) A.café: a restaurant offering simple meals and snacks. A canteen: a restaurant in alaciory, office, school etc. 4 (a) for (b) out {6} down (a) to (6) to (to (g) at {h) of (out (in (& up Gambling, Smoking and Drinking. (p. 15) 1 (a) compulsive gamblers. (b) belting (6) games of chance (é) fortune (e) wreck ( odds (g) bookmakers (h) punters ()) casino () broke 2 (a) addiction (b) craving {6) chainssmoke (d) put out {e) antisocial {) stained (g) ash trays. (h) harmful () packet {) fatal 3a) soft drinks (b) teetotallers.(c) sip @) sociable (@) spits () tipsy (g) drunk {h) hangover (}) alecholics () sober 4 (a) on (©) up...down (6) out (@) to (e) on ‘and Agriculture (p. 16) 1. (a) economy (b) produce (c) products (2) shipyards -(@) plants (| boom (g) slump (fh) natural resources () import.) export (@) markets 2 (a) selt-sufficient (b) tarmers {6) dams -(@)-irigato -(e) fertiizers. (fete {@) crovs _(h) harvest (livestock) agrcultural 3 (a) Ollis extracted from the ground at an olfel. Its purified and made ready for use at a refinery. (6) Goal or gold ete. are taken from under the ground at a ming, Stone is taken {rom the surface at a quarry. (©) The producer manutactures goods. The consumer buys them to use. () To plough: to break and turn ‘ver earth. To saw: to put seeds into ploughed earth. 4 (a) on (b) in (6) of (d) from (@) in () to International Relations (p. 17) 1 {a} leader (b) hold (c) summit meeting (6) proliminary (e) agenda () item {g) news conference {h) spokesman () breakdown () superpowers (k) settle 2 (a) split (b) in protest at (c) break off {@) diplomatic relations (e) ambassadors {) embassies (g) resume. (h) links 3. (@) on... for (b) by (0) at...in (a) about (@) of ()in...at (g) over... tor Law and Order’ (p. 18) 1. (a) investigate (b) arrest (c) handeutt (€) charge (@) theft (Q ingorprints (q) cell (by detained” () court) magistrate -(k) cath 90 () ploaded (m) witnesses (n) evidence (0) found (p) fine (q) sentence 2 (a) solicitor {b) lial, Jury... verdict (e) warders {¢) Inquest... coroner (e) detective... plain clothes (1) death penalty 3 (a) in. (o) to. (c) of {6} of (@) wih (hin... in. (G) betore (hy of Music (p.19) 1. {a) concert hall (b) audience (e) muslelans (6) instruments (@) conductor (9) Bow (Q) baton {h) score () keys () sting (K) bows 2 (a) group (b) topten () number one {6) recording studio) live (0) concert (g) stage th} fans () vocalist () lyrics 3. (@) Anorchestra: 2 large group of musicians, who often play classical music. Aband: normally a smaller group, who pley popular musie. (o) Percussion instruments: played by being hit (drums), Wind instruments: played by being blown (rumpel}. (@) A concert: a musical performance belore an auclence. A rehearsal: & practice fora performance. (€) A composer writes music. A musician plays 4 (a) at {b) in {e} by (a) on (e) In Natural Disasters (p. 20) “1 (a) drought (®) famine. (c) starve {q) starvation (2) tlood () drown (a) helicopters (h) drop (i) cutoff 2 (2) earthquake {b) casualties (c) collapse (@) roscue teams (@) trapped (f} rubble (g) outbreak (h) epidemic {) mecleal teams. () toll 3. (@) on fio {@) fite brigade. (c) fire engine (€) fireman {e) overcome (under control {Q) put out (bh) arson 4 (a) of (b) from...to (c) to... off {@) fore) for...in ( under (a) by Public Transport (p. 21) “1 (a) cab. (0) Rall (c) taxbrank (6) fare {e) meter () Up’ () double-decker {h) Singledecksr () crew. () étiver {k) conductor () conductress _(m) inspector {@) check (0) bus ston (0) destination {a} rustrhour_{@) tube (5) subway () meta {U) Platform (¥) escalator (w) Mt (x) sliding doors _(y) coach (2) rack 2 (a) Acairiage: a soparats car or wagon. A compartment: one section of a carriage. {b) A season ticket enables you to travel as often as you tke on a particular route during a given time. A return ticket is only good for one journey each way * between two places, (2) AbUS driver drives a bus. A bus conductor collects money for fares. (¢) A traln driver drives a train. A guard has general responsibly for the safely ofthe tain, 3 (a) in {b) at (e) for (o) for (0) at (on (g) at {h) for (i) off...at ) at (k) from Romance and Marriage (p. 22) {fa} romantic (0) altracted (o) keen (¢) dato {@) goout () approve (g) mature (h) drift apart (i) break off () relationship 2 (a) propase {b) engaged (o) consent (4) chil (6) wedding (0 bride (@) bridegroom (h) reception (j) toast () honeymoon 3 {a) To be fond of someone: to have a warm feeling towards thal person. To be in Iave with someone: have a very deep feeling often only towards that person. (b) A married couple who fare soparated live apart. they are dvoreed, their marriage is legally et an end. (c) An engaged gis fiancé is her husband-to-be. An engaged man's.fiancée is his wife-to-be. (d) Your mother's the woman who gave birth to you. Your mother-in-law Is your husband's or wife's mather. 4” (a) out (0) outwith (©) out (4) of (6) to ( in... with (@) to) to (of @) in Shopping (p. 23) 1 (a) antique shop (b) tloris’s, (¢) stationar's (d) newsagent’s (2) tobacconist's (7) grocer's (a) greengrocer's (h) pet shop () baker's () butcher's 2 (a) oftthe-peg (b) label (c) tag {@) fit_(@) tryon (assistant (g) cashier {h) cash desk () til ) reosipt (k) exchange () refund (m) bargain (a) sales (0) mall order 8 (@) To overcharge: to ask a customer for mora than the true price. To undercharge: to ask for less. {B) A shopkeeper owns and runs a shop. A shopiiter steals from shops after entering as a custom {6) Ifyou go shopping you buy things. If you \window-shopping you just look in the shop. (@) Awholesaler sells goods to retalars. shops, which sellto the public. 4 (a) in (b) on (o) al...in (¢) by (2) Inside (D back (g) with (h) for Sport (p. 24) 1 (a) pitches (b) courts (c) pools (a) rings (2) rink. () stadium. (g) spectators (h) track events (i) field events ()) athletes &) officials () scoreboard 2 (a) team (©) players (c) amatours (d) train {@) gymnasium (f) match (g) track suits (b) referee () captains) toss. acoin (k) crowd {) draw 3 (a) Amateurs are not pal; professionals are paid, (0) A winner wins, A funner-up comes second. (e) You win a game or face. You beat your opponent. (d) A hurdle race has Jumps. A relay race has wo of more people in the same {eam, each completing a part of the race. 4 (@) for ‘(b) on (c) on (d) ate} In (@ of...at(orin) (G) of (h) between) in Television and Newspapers. (p. 25) 1 {@) mass media (b) switch (€) channels (2) indoctrinate. {e) objective ()- subjective (9) commercials (h) soap operas () quiz shows () viewers 2 (a) advertising (b) circulation (6) entertainment (q) headlines (e) cartoons (9 sensatfonal (g) gossip columns. (h) views () censorship) earrespondents (©) news agencies (I) reviews. (m) editorials 3 (@) Viewers watch television. Listeners Iisten to the radio. (b) Amass circulation newspaper sells a large number of copies. A small circulation paper small number. (6) An editor runs a paper. A reporter writes news stares. A critic reviews new plays, books or films. 4 (@) 10. (b) for (© i (@) on (2) over Theatre _(p. 26) 1 (a) dressing room (b) stage _(c) row {@) alste (e) stalls () circle. (g) foyer {H) boxottice () backstage () box 2 (a) director (0) playwright (e) cast (@) auditions (e) parts (1) audience {) theatre-gosrs .(h) rehearsals. () first night () applause (bk) reviews (I) critics (m) hit (0) run (6) flop (p) performances (q) malinées 3. (@) in (b) to (6) on (4) at (@) in) behind (@ during “(hy In (at... at () In Travel (p. 27) 1 (a) leisure (b) travel agents (¢) cut-price Uiokets _(¢) off the beaten tack. (e) hitchhiking (f) youth hostels (g} package holiday (h) resort () peak () otfpeak 2 (a) travel (0) journey {e) tour (d) cruise (@) voyage (f} trip (g) flight {h) Journey (i) tour {j) trip 3 (a) Abed and breakiast piace is a cheap, simple hotel where the ‘overnight charge includes breaklast. (0) People are ‘seasick in ships, airsick when flying and carsick in cara if the movement upsets thoir stomach, (©) A tour operator organizes holidays. A travel agent salls them fo the public. (d) At sea: on a ship fer from land. At the seaside: by the sea, often at a holiday coastal resor!. 4 (a) by (b) in {c) on (d) in {e) at War (p. 28) 1 (a) clashes (b) forces (c) aggression {d) mobilize (e) hostle acts (f) retaliate {g) deteriorate (h) ultimatum () declare war {) outbreak 2 (a) clvilan (b) targets (c) neutral {G) Intermediary (0) get involved (f) intervene {g) ceasetire (h) peace-keeping force {i peace treaty () withdraw 3 (a) An army advances when it goes forward agalnst the enemy and retreats when il goas back under enemy pressure. (b) War: usually between two or mora Countries. Chil war: batwean two sides in the same country. (6) Conventional war: fought with troops and ‘ordinary’ weapons (guns, ships, planes). Nuclear war: fought with nuclear Weapons, (0) An ally: a group or country which fights on your side. An enamy: ihe side opposing you. 4 (a) on (0) In, -for (©) in {@) out (0) as...in (Nout (g) between Weltare State (p. 29) 1. (a) welfare state (b) elderly (c) pension {¢) retire (¢) low ineames. (7) subsidized {g) medical treatment (h) beneiiis () schooling G) physically disabled (&) mentally nandleapped (I) out of work (m) eligible (n) social services {0) social workers 2 (a) Advice: a noun. Advise: a vers. (0) Blind: unable to see. Deaf: partially or {olally unable to hear. ~(e) Frea: without charge. ‘Subsidized: (rent, meals, food) of lower price than is ‘normal because the government or company pays & part. (6) Ahearing ald helps the dee! to hear. Gralla ‘helps the blind to read. (e) Haves: peaple who have money, jobs, homes. Have-nots: people win lack these.’ 3 (a} with. (8) out of (2) in... for {@) al(orin) (e) at...of (for Work (p. 30) 1 (@) applicants (b) vacancy (c) fillin {) application forms. {@) apply (i) shortlist {) interview (h) qualicetions () experience ) references 2 (a) salary (b) increments (c) pension (d) retire (e) commission (f) perks {g) prospects (b) promotion (commute () ambitious 3a) in) al (0) to... for... as {@) for (e) in (Hin (gy in (hy a Gof Gof (k) to a1Mini Topics Argument (p. 31) (@) resentment (b) friction (c) jealous (d) row (e) disagreement (f) troublemaker (g) aggressive th) nag Sadness (p.31) (@) tears (0) sob (0) heartbroken (6) loss {@) comion (f) grist (g) sleepless (h) recover () withdrawn (miss Nervousness. (p.31) (a) nerves (p) tremble _(c) sweat (d) blush (2) embarrassment () shy (g) tonguetied {h) stammer () faint () tranquilizer Success (p. 32) {@) ambitious (b) ladder (c) power (¢) achieve {@) achievement (f) confidence (g) exploit {h) ruthless () determined () ability Fame (p. 32) (a) celebrity (b) entourage (c) autographs {@) fans (@) Interviews (0) in the public eye (@) privacy (h) bodyguards (i) pressures {) break-up Pride _(p. 32) {a) snob (b) proud (c) contemptuous (@) boast {e) vain (1) conceited (g) thick-skInned (h) pride Birth (p. 33) (a) expecting (0) pregnant (c) born {G) maternity ward (@) midwife (1) doliver {@) parents (h) call () prams () cots (K) crawl Childhood and Adolescence (p. 33) (a) adults (0) adult (c) daydreams {@) idolize {e) hobbies () teons (a) development {h) Introverts () extroverts() relationships Death (p. 33) (a) hearse (b) funeral (c) priest (6) dead {@) moumers _() cemetery (g) crematorium (h) will ()) leave (j) widow (k) inherits Advertising (p. 34) (a) classified advertisements (b) posters {6 hoerings (advertising agencies {e) publicize - (f) eye-catching -(g)- commercials (hn) persuade Art (p. 34) (e) Creative (b) sculptor (@) sculoture (d) painter (e) amateur (f) professional (g) dealers (h) works (i) galleries (J) reproductions Photography (p. 34) (a) camera (b) snaps (6) prints (d) album {@) sides () projector (o) develop {h) enlargernents Military Service (p. 35) {@) compulsory (0) forces (c) volunteers (d) army (e) navy {f) airforce (9) promotion (hy officer Police (p.28) (a) Join (b) police force (c) policeman (d) rank (2) uniform (f) walkietalkie (g) detective (h) plain clothes security Work" (p-95) {@) soourlty firm) armoured vehicles {o) bullet-proof (a) guards (6) tep (bug {3} private detectives (h) couriers” () kidnappers The Countryside (p. 38) (a) rural (b) unpolluted (c) pace (d) villages {@) relaxed () cultivated (a) farms 92 {h) national parks () wildlife () remote The Seaside (p. 36) {@) boach (b) horizon (c) waves _(¢) drown {e) cureents (() depth (g) Hfeguards (hy ive (i) shallow () els Mountains (p. 36) {@) range (b) height () ascent (4) mountaineers {6} clim> () peak (a) oxygen (tn) equipment {)) ropes. () descent Electrical Appliances. (p. 37) {@) lead (0) plug (6) socket (¢) switch {6} adjust. (9 kod. (@) controls (h) unplug (@ slectrician {) dealer The Tetephone (9.37) (a) operator (b) look up (c) directory {@) receiver (6) dial (N) engaged (o) get through () tine Computers. (p. 37) (2) calculator 0) computers (¢) hardware {@) soltwara (e) soreen (0) keyboard (g) printer {h) word processor Factory Work (p. 38) (a) manual (0) white collar (c) apprentice (4) factory (@) foreman (canteen (9) tea break (n) labour relations () management () shop tfoor Office Work (p. 38) (@) correspondence (b) fle_(¢) fling cabinets {6) callors (e) dictate () shorthand (@) typewriter (h) stationery ASKrike (p. 38) {e) goonstike (b) dispute (c) dismiss {@) shop steward (6) deadlock (f) unemployment {) on the dole (h) picket ine () redundant Related Word Groups Sounds (p.38) 1. {a} squeal. (b) crash (6) roar (4) rustle {(e) splash () bang (g) creak (h) whistie () clatter q) rumble 2 (2) hum (b) pips (©) pop. (d) crack (@) peal () squeak (Q) tick {f) jingle ‘Animal Sounds ~(p-39) (@) chatter (o) roar (c) bark, grow! {@) miaow, purr () neigh () cluck (g) crow {b) buzz ()) moo () blast (k) trumpet () grunt, squeal (em) bray (a) croak (0) hiss {) quack (q) hom (7) squeek Human Sounds (p. 40) {@) slammer (o) sniff (c) pull....pant (d) snore {e) hiccup () sneeze. (a) whisper (h) yawn {9 sigh () cough (K) groan Ways of Looking. (p-40) (@) stare (©) peep (c) blink (d) gaze (6) frown () slimpse (g) wink (h) peer () glare 0 glance Walking (p. 41) {@) stagger (b) wander (c) stro (¢) timp {e) slip (9) creep (q) march {h) stray ()} crawl () trip (K) dash () trudge Body Movements (p. 41) 1. (a) his muscles... (b) his head in disagreemant (c) his fists... (¢) his neck... (6) his fingers... (f) his shoulders (9) his forehead... (h) his arms... ()) his head thoughttully () his breath... (K) his foot... () hisknee... 2 (a) with fear(b) with cold (e) in the hot sun _() with embarrassment (6) when he heard the sad news. (f) in surprise at the sucden noise (9) in his armchair after a hard day's work (h) alter going Without food for thras days 3. (a} in agreement (0) when he was introduced to the Queen {c) when she was introduced to the Queen {q) when she saw her friend getting off the bus (e) because he was happy (f) when commanding officer entered the room {g) after siting in the same position for s0 long {h) to show the shop assistant what he wanted 4 (a) stretch (6) slap (c) punch (2) pat (@) stroke (1) grab (Q} squeeze (h) grope {0 nudge) beckon Containers _(p. 42) {@) shopping’ (b) clothes and personal things for @ lang stay. (¢) petrol, water (¢) cash, secret documents, jewellery (e) flowers (1) coins (g) bank notes, tickets (h) balling water () suits, jackets, dresses 4) business papers {iy letter” () water, milk (im) clothes and belongings for, say, a week's holiday (n) beer (0) school books (p) waste paper (a) chocolates, matches (°) hol tea, cold drinks Furniture and Fittings’ (p. 43) (a) curtains (6) cupboard. (c) bookcase (d) shell {@) cushion (1) sofa (a) desk (h) chair (i) carpet @) armchair (&) table “() lampshade (rm) lamp (0) drawer (0) pillow (p) sheet (q) wardrobe. (0) blanket (3) mattress” () rug_{u) stool {w) washbasin (w) bed. (x) chest of drawers Connectors (p. 44) 1) mut 0) S00 o) needa a) nal pin (9 bolt (g) safety pin. (h) drawing pin (chain Gy rope paper cn sng (im) thread (n) rubber band 2 (a) needle... thraad (6) string (c) rope (q) safety pins (@) nail (f) drawing pin (@) pins {h) paperclip. () nuts... bolts g) screws (&) chains () rubber band Tools (p. 45) 1 (a) hammer (b) spanner (c) sorewcriver {) axe (@) penknife {)) chisel (Q) scissors (h) mallet) jack ) rake () drill () saw {m) spade (n} fork 2. (a) scissors {b) screwdriver (c) spade (¢) cil (e) jack ( hammer (g) axa (h) chisel (i) mallet () rake {) penkaite “() fork (mm) saw (n) spanner Vehicles (p. 48) {@) motorbike (b) van (@) bulldozer (d) scooter {6) lorry () caravan (g) tanker (b) traller {) car () ambulance “{k) bus () coach Bicycle _(p. 46) (@) saddle (b) frame (c) back light (d) mudguard (6) gears (f) chain (g) pedal (h) pump () spokes () tyre (K) front light (handlebars ((m) brakes (a) bell Collective Nouns (p. 47) {2) fleet (b) herd” (¢) swarm (é) mob (e) suite () crowd (@) bunch (h) congregation () shoals fight (kK) gang () clump (m} flocks {n) swarm (0) bunch (p) fleet (q) bundle {() audience (3) bunch () set_(u) stack {y) sulle (w) pack (x) crew (y) lock (2) set Young Animals (p. 47) {a) cub (6) foal (¢) piglet, (@) cub (e) puppy (9 calf (g) kitten (h) cub () duckling () lamb (i) kid) chick Law Breakers. (p. 48) 1 (@) sats fir to property (b) stoals trom shops... (¢) attacks and robs People... (d) is anyone who breaks the lew (e) deliberately causes damage to properly (1) breaks into houses... (g) kills someone (h) takes away people by force ... (i) steals things from people's pockels.... () helps a criminal . (k) buys and sells rugs... (I) gets secret information from another country (mm) uses violence for political reasons 2 (a) murders (b) causes damage or a disturbance... (o) hides on ashio... (a) Is somecre who steals (6) takes control of a plana .. () makes counterfeit money... (g) steals money Be. by force... (h) brings goods into a country iMlegally...'@)"betrays his or her country ... () isa member of a criminal group (k) is a soldier ‘iho runs away from the army () marries Wegally.. Occupations {p. 49) 4 (a) controls parking... (b) collects rubbish (6) arranges shop-window displays (4) helps peopie buy and sellhouses (@) deals with office correspondence... (f) makes arrangements for funerals (g) makes brick bulldings and walls (h) works in a government minisiry (0) treats sick animals () sells newspapers . (i) delivers babies 2 (a) cooks in a restaurant. {b) designs buildings. (¢) works ina library (d) solistish... (@) gets coal... (1) runs museum (g) designs the insides of houses... (h) types etters (0) drives someone's car... ()’ operates on sick poople 3 (a) tesis people's eyes (b) makes people laugh at a circus (€) rides racehorses (¢) sells valuable objects at an auction (e) prepares books... for publication (1) leads and unioads ships...” (g) treats people's feet (h) sells meat () writes for a newspaper () represents country... {k) sells flowers Male and Female (p. 50) (a) queen (6) Bus conductor (6) wife (d) bride {e) hero (9 si quide (@) barman (n) policeman (0, air stewardess (or hostess) () headmester (i) aciress. (\) monk (m) waltzess (a) prince (o) niece (p) hostess (q) landlady (1) widower {s) uncle People (p. 50) (@) can't stop talking (b) is intellectual (6) is inquisitive .... (d) loves reading books (e) {is very keen on the cinema () is slow (g) is not very active or energetic (h) is confused and forgetful () loves to work () lkes to open the windows... (k) is clever and ambitious .. {I) causes cifficulies between people (mm) seems to enjoy preventing others from enjoying themselves Clothes (p. 51) 1 (8) shirt () tie (c) Jacket (0) waistcoat {@) overcoat () trousers (g) shoes (n) boots {i) suit) pullover (k) blouse (\) scarf {m) hat (a) cap (0) tee-shir! (p) shorts {a) sandals (7) socks (s) pyjamas (t) dress {u) slippers (¥) skirt (W) apron 2 (a) lining {b) lapel (c) sloove (¢) pooket (e) toe (1) laces {@) heel (h) sole () collar (label. (k) seam 93 —y(0 cutt (m) button (o} belt (0) crease (p) zip {q) buckle 3 (a) dress (b) dresses (c) wear {6} dressed (8) wearing (f) dressed (q) dross {b) wearing...dress () dress () dress 4 (a) up. (6) off (2) on (2) in (0) up (A) on {9} off...0n (h) in () up) up Parts of the Body. (p. 52) 1 (a) forehead (b) hale (©) eye (d) ear {6} choek (() nostril (g) mouth (h) throat () chin @) neck (kK) jaw () lips (m) nose {r) eyelashes (0) eyelid (p) eyebrow 2 (a) shoulder (b) arm (c) hand (d) leg {6} foot () sole (o) toe (h) hee! () ankle () shin (&) calf.) knee (m) thigh (n) nail {o) finger (p) palm (q) thumb (6) hip. (5) wrist 41) walst (4) forearm (y) elbow (Ww) stomach (3) chest Punctuation Marks and Printing (p. 53) (a) capital etter (6) smal etter (c) stroke (G) dash (8) underlining (). paragraph {o) fulistop (hy) lalics () bracket () apostrophe {¥) question mark) abbreviation (m) footnote (n) asterisk (0) exclamation mark (0) inverted commas (q) subheading (1) comma (5) semicolon (t) hyphen (u) colon (¥) heading British Measurements (p. 53) (a) Inch (b) foot (c) yard. (a) mile (6) aore () ounce (@) pound {h) stone () pint () gallon Quantities (p. 54) (2) of soap (6) of shoss (e) of matches (a) of potatoes (e) of fim (of tobacco {g} ofaloth (h) af milk fi) of land () of wine {i of petrol () of flowers. (mm) of sardines (a) of toothpaste (0) of cigarettes (p) of jam Shapes _(p. 54) (a) shape (b) size {c) rectangle (6) horizontal {6} vertical “(square (¢) diagonal (h) centre () comer () tangle (K) angle () rightangle (im) parallel” (o) upper (0) lower (p} circle Word Building Prefixes (pp. 55-57) 1 {8} €0 (b) inter (¢) co (d) ex (6) inter (9 re (Q) inter (h) te ex Q) co 2 (a) counter (b} bi (c) pre _{d) sami (e) bi (9 Bi (Q) pre_(h) counter () semi qj) semi 3 {a) post (b) non {e) mone (a) non (2) post (mono (g) anti ¢h) anti) non 4 (a) de (b) trans (¢) de (6) super (2) trans (f) multi (@) de (h) super () super () multh 5 (a) sub (0) pro {¢) sub (d) sub (2) uni (1) ti (@) pra (t) ti () pro () uni 6 (@) over (b) over {6} under (d) over (a) under (f} under (g) over (h) under ()) over () under 7 (a) un (O) un (6) un (@) ois (e) un () dis) un (h) un ()dis_q) un (K) ais) un (m) dis_(r) ais {6} dis (p) un (@) dis (9 dis (6) un () dis (a) un (¥) dis 8 (a) ir (6) im (@) i (@) in {2} im (im (Q) in th) HG) eG) im (in (0 Ir (em) fev to) NG) in (BY (@ In (Hr (3) in () in (u) ir (Yin Suffixes (pp. 58-60) 4. (I) (@}monkish (o) amateurish (c) childish (@) pigalsh (2) girlish (i) (2) sevenish (©) darkish (¢) farish (d) twontyish (2) tallish ( smalish (@) greenish 2. (a) waterless 94 (>) harmful (¢) thoughtful (d) successful {e) harmless () thoughtless (e) beautiful (h) frieneiess 2 (a) employer. (b) trainer (c) interviewer... interviewee (d) employee (e) trainee 4 (a) bulletproof (b) waterproof (6) shockproof (6) heatproat {2} toolproat (0) childproct (g} soundproat 5 (a) cupful... teaspoonful (b) houseful (e} handful (d) mouthful {e) tanktul 6 (a) teacher (b) director (c) beggar (d) Interpreter (2) translator (N) collector (Q) sailor (h) murderer () operator @) demonstrator {k) inspector (I) actor (m) buyer (n) editor (0) worker (p) donor (q) visitor (r) producer (s} traveller (\, competitor "7 (a) singer (6) governor {e) announcer (d) admirer (@) decorator () robber (q} survivor (h) supplier () controler () investigator (k) skier ()) Instructor (m) elector (n) writer” (0) photographer {p) swimmer {q) contributor (6) creator (s) manager () liar 8 (a) motorist (b) electrician (c) Parisian {d) Christian (e) pianist ({) historian (g) Buddhist (h) economist () artist () cyclist (&) tobacconist (\) politician (m) scientist {n) musician (0) psychiatrist (p) terrorist {a} magician (0) florist (s) comedian () beautician (u) journalist. (v} parachutist (w) linguist (x) archaeologist Nouns made trom verbs (pp. 60-68) 1 (a) diagnosis (b) enclosure (c) analysis (A) hypnosis (9) failure (/) signature (g) emphasis (hy seizure () paralysis () closure 2 (a) delivery (b) Injury (¢) forgery (A) recovery (e} discovery (1) prosperlly (g) Assombly (h) apology () conspiracy @) expiry ¢k) enquiry 3 (a) correspondence (©) defence (2) obedience (é) preference (e} pretence () reference (9) dependence (h) existence (i) insistence () difference (W) offence (I) coincidence (m) interference (0) residence 4 (a) performance (b) allondance (c).resemblance__(d). acceptance._{e)- disturbance. () insurance (g) assistance (h) annoyance entrance () resistance (k) endurance () avoidance § (a) dismissal (b) burial {c) arrival (¢) renewal (e) approval (f) rehearsal (g) trial {h) propasal ¢) survival () denial (k) refusal (|) removal (a) storage (0) passage (c) marriage (d) stoppage (e) postage (f) wreckage (9) leakane (n) usage {) broskage {) shrinkage 7 (@) advice {b) practice (c) licence (d) prophecy {e) choice {) Behaviour (a) complaint {(h) error () loss () mixture (&) growth 8 (a) censorship (0) death (c) conquest (d) belief (e) proof () relief (9) remainder (h) remains ()) reminder () prayer (k) comparison 9 a) pursuit {b) hatred {c) ascent...descent (d) ruins {e) contents () knowledge (a) decision {h) tendency (i) suspicion ()) applause {k) service (I) weight (m) threat (n) shot (0) robbery (p) response 10. (a) persuasion {b) division (e) expansion (a) admission {0} explosion (| revision (g) Inclusion {h) exclusion (i) conclusion 14 (a) invasion (b) collision . (c} permission (d) impression(e) possession (f) confession (g) confusion th) discussion {) extension 12. (a) arrangement {() enlargement (c) entertainment {@) postponement (e) improvement {encouragement (g) advertisement 18 (@) government (o) punishment (6) management... agreement (d) employment {6} treatment (f) disappointment. (g) Imprisonment (b) announcement () development 44 (2) compatition (b) pronunciation (6) qualitication (4) production (6) solution {() introduction (g) acquisition {h) revolution {repetition () reduction 15 (a) destruction (©) opposition (c) publication (d) reception {6} deception () abolition (g) explanation (H) detention () satisfaction () description 16 (2) interruption (b) prediction... election {6} reaction (¢) Prevention (2) invention {addiction (g) Protection (h} suggestion 4) selection 17 (a) investigation (©) exaggeration (c) operation (d) imttation {oe} pronunciation () resignation {g) accommodation (h) communication () Imagination () accusation (k) cancellation () admiration (m) abbreviation (n) preparation (0) demonstration (p) education (q) emigration (0, Immigration 18 (a) donation (b) hesitation {6} acceleration (d) reservation (e) sensation {) combination (g) interrogation (hy invitation {) deterioration () examination (K) alteration (Information (m) relaxation (n) restoration {0} temptation (p) continuation (q) exploration (f) translation (8) interpretation (t) punctuation Nouns made trom adjectives (pp. 65-72) 1 (a) wealth (b) poverty (c) truth (¢) thirst (@) hunger () ease {g) youth (n) gratitude 4) likelihood" Q) health” (k) guilt" () treedom 2 (@) death (b) cowardice (c) heroism (8) wisdom (e) anger (f) fame (g) splendour (h} boredom () horror) heat (K) pride () strength 3 (a) luck (bo) warmth (¢) terror (6) length (6) wieth ()helght(g) depth 4 (a) violence (b) silence (c) confidence (a) elegance~ (8) Innocence ()- Importance (G) intsligence (h) arrogance. ()) independence @) reluctance (k) patience () convenionce (m) absence (n) presence 5 (a) accuracy (©) vacancy (c) urgency (@) obstinacy {6} fluency (f) efficiency (g) frequency () privacy 6 (a) baldnoss (6) foolishness {) punctuality {d) equality (2) deainess (9 popularity. (@) quietness (h) similarity () darkness. () validity (k) sadness () kindness 7 (a) seriousness (0) Christianity (c) neatriess (a) superierity (e) neutrality () bluntness (G) Illness _(h) formality ()) weakness () fondness (K) reality () stupicity 8 (a) clarity (©) necessity (C) brevity (2) curiosity {e) anxiety () generosity (@) simplicity (h) vanity () varity ) gaiety 9 (a) counesy (b) Cruelty (c) beauty (G) jealousy... envy (0) safety “(| tragedy (G) dlificuty (hy royalty. () fury () hypocrisy (8) certainty {) loyalty 10 (2) loneliness (©) ugliness (c) happiness. (¢) laziness (6) holiness (9) naughtiness _(g) tidiness {h) loveliness 14. (a) tension (b) perfection (6) contentment (4) caution (2) excitement (9 attraction Adjectives made from nouns (pp. 72-74) 4. (a) scholarly (b) rainy (c) grassy (2) triendly (e) salty () ghostly (@) yearly (h) weekly 2° (a) poisonous (0) religious (6) adventurous (d) nervous (@) mountainous (9 humorous (q) miraculous (h) dangerous () glorious) ambious (K) courageous (0) disastrous (m) famous (n)_Industrious (0) infectious {p) mysterious (a) victorious (suspicious 3. (a) alcoholle “(b) artistic (6) climatic (d) democratic _(e) energetic (photographie (Q) scientific (h) sympathetic () postic () dramatic 4 (a) grammatical (0) alphabetical (c) musical (¢) practical (6) theatrical (1) paltical (g) psychological (h) medical () ortical () clerical 5 (a) fashionable (b) triumphant (c) affectionate (@) circular (@) tterary () suburban {g) triangular’ (h) troublesome () comfortable () profitabte (k) muscular () valuable (rm) skilful (or skilled) (n) soctalist (0) successful (p) trustworthy (or rusted) (q) peaceful () memorable (5) knowledgeable (\) distant Adjectives made from verbs (pp. 74-75) 1. (@) advisable (b) changeable (c) regrettable (d) suitable (e} dependable (1) breakable (q) readable (hy adjustable (i) enjoyable ) acceptable (k) agresable () curable 2. (@) appreciative (b) productive (c) deceptive () destructive (¢) informative (() creative (q) attractive (h) talkative ()) protective () decisive 3. (a) dead (6) boring (2) economical (¢) quarrelsome (@) Introductory () entertaining (9) observant (h) obedient () residential" () slippery (k) educational (), spoltt(m) sticky (n) explanatory Verbs made from nouns. (pp. 75-76) (a) encourage (b) extend (c) frighten (d) relieve (e) bleed (f) prove (9) endanger (h) identity ( strengthen () liberate (k) breathe () halve (om) fengthen Verbs made from adjectives _(p. 76) (a) brighten” (O) lessen” (c) ripen” (0) sweeten (e) worsen () widen (g) loosen (h) tighten () defen ¢) flaten (kK) darken (deepen (m) sharpen (n) broaden (0) quicten (0) straighten (q) tighten (A) weaken 95