ALFOPlus

Access Link Full Outdoor

with Adaptative Code Modulation
Full IP Radio - Point to Point Radio Link

Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a.

The data contained in this document should not be disclosed or published by third parties
1
 Training items
1. General overview ALFOplus
2. Installation ODU
3. Software connection
4. Line up
5. Ethernet switch
6. Maintenance
7. Alarm & Troubleshooting

2
ALFOPlus Connectors
LAN 2 LAN 1
(Supervision port) (Traffic port)
Status LED

AUX
 Block Diagram Radio ALFOPLUS GE

IP Ethernet ODU ALFOPLUS Gigabit Electric RFCOH Ip Ethernet

100 m Traffic :
Remote Site
max cable LAN1 (PoE) RJ45
1Gbps Switch
1Gbps
Ethernet
LAN2 RJ45
1Gbps L2
Internal
or PortA Radio RFCOH( Radio Frame
Complementary Over
VLAN
Frame Head) transport
DC/DC
Management interface
information of :
Traffic : CPU -Alingment (new frame)
IP Agent
AUX ( Console -LLI (Local Link ID) 8bit
rs232, 48Vdc ) 115.2Kbps
-Synchronisation
Led Alarm
-etc.
Out
48 Vdc Data + Management
PoE (VLAN:10) + PoE
Injector
1Gbps
In
Data + Management (VLAN:10)
4
 Block Diagram Radio ALFOPLUS GO
ODU ALFOPLUS Gigabit Optic RFCOH Ip Ethernet
IP Ethernet
Traffic :
Remote Site
1Gbps Switch
LAN1 SFP 1Gbps
Ethernet
1Gbps L2
Internal
or PortA Radio RFCOH( Radio Frame
LAN2 (PoE) RJ45
Complementary Over
VLAN
Frame Head) transport
DC/DC
Management interface
information of :
Traffic : CPU -Alingment (new frame)
IP Agent
AUX ( Console
115.2Kbps
-LLI (Local Link ID) 8bit
rs232, 48Vdc )
-Synchronisation
Optic Led Alarm
-etc.
cable
LC connector 48 Vdc
(SFP plug-in) Power
Supply

Data + Management (VLAN:10)

5
 Console RS232
(115.2kbps 8-N-1-N )
48Volt Antenna alignment ALFOPlus Cables
Auxiliary port

It is an extension cable
used for Antenna aiming
and additional power
supply source

Remove it after use

F03608

Siae Code View PRx (dBm) VAGC /Prx

P04185

M10154
VRssi (Volt)

2x0.75mmq for d ≤ 100m

M10166 2x1.5mmq for d ≤ 200m

6
 ALFOPLUS 1+0
Local Radio Remote Radio
Frequency channel 1
1H 1L
440Mbps
56MHz@1024QAM

1+0 = 1 unprotected link

1 frequency channel Before to configure
1 polarization Radio verify Firmware
ODU 1A tx active - rx active Compatibility
7
 ALFOPLUS 2x(1+0) – ACCP
Local Radio Single pol Antenna Remote Radio
Frequency channel 1
1H 1L

1H Frequency channel 2 1L
Symmetric 880Mbps
coupler
2x56MHz@1024QAM

LAG protocol Enabling LLF LAG protocol

External switch bidirectional External switch
2x(1+0) = Protected link using frequency diversity and LAG
V
2 frequency channel
Fch1 Fch2
1 polarization
Ethernet double capacity protection H
ODU 1A f1 tx active - rx active ACCP = Adjcent Channel CoPolarisation
ODU 2A f2 tx active - rx active 8
ACCP
 ALFOPLUS 2x(1+0) – ACAP
Local Radio Waveguide < 5 m Remote Radio
Vertical Frequency channel 1
1H V 1L Vertical
V
Horizontal 1H Frequency channel 2 H 1L Horizontal
H 880Mbps Double pol Antenna
Waveguide
2x56MHz@1024QAM

LAG protocol Enabling LLF LAG protocol

External switch bidirectional External switch
2x(1+0) = Protected link using frequency diversity and LAG V
2 frequency channel Fch1
2 polarizations
Ethernet double capacity protection H
Fch2
ODU 1A f1 tx active - rx active
ACAP = Adjcent Channel Altenate Polarisation
ODU 2A f2 tx active - rx active 9
ACAP
 ALFOPLUS 2x(1+0) – ACAP
Local Radio Orthomode Antenna Remote Radio
Vertical Frequency channel 1
1H 1L Vertical

Horizontal 1H Frequency channel 2 1L Horizontal

Orthomode 880Mbps
coupler
2x56MHz@1024QAM

LAG protocol Enabling LLF LAG protocol

External switch bidirectional External switch
2x(1+0) = Protected link using frequency diversity and LAG V
2 frequency channel Fch1
2 polarizations
Ethernet double capacity protection H
Fch2
ODU 1A f1 tx active - rx active
ACAP = Adjcent Channel Altenate Polarisation
ODU 2A f2 tx active - rx active 10
ACAP
 ODU characteristics
ALFOplus (Part number Siae from GB6xxx to GB9xxx)

ALFOPLUS description
Frequency range 7 to 42 GHz
Modulation 4QAM-S to 1024 QAM
Bandwidth 7,14,28,40,56 standard EU or
10,20,30,40,50 standard USA
Net Throughput 440Mbit/s (1+0 without compression)
Radio Link 1+0 ; 2+0
Tx dynamic Attenuator 20 dBm
Size (mm) W/H/D 254/254/154

11
 ANTENNA polarisation
Use lubricant grease Dow Corning 4 around O-Ring in order to avoid that the rubber is dried and water, sand, dust could
enter into the waveguide.

12
 ODU mounting
Tighten the 4 screws in order crossed, first on one diagonal and after on the other. Use oil ant-seizing MOLIKOTE P-40
between the threads of nuts and bolts because often lack of lubrication could cause metal parts seized together.

1+0 Integrated Antenna 1+0 Not Integrated Antenna

STANDARD POLE STANDARD POLE
MOUNTING KIT MOUNTING KIT

Leave 25 cm straight Lan

cable between Amphenol
connector and first bending
2 to secure waterproof IPX5.

1- In the top of Antenna, remove the tape and plug the cap.
2- In the bottom of Antenna, remove the cap to drain out 13
the water or Humidity.
 Outdoor RJ45 Amphenol Kit
1 – Use recommended
crimper
Be careful do not use standard
RJ45 connettor for Outdoor
RJ45 standard connector
RJ45 Short connector
2 - It’is mandatory to verify with ethernet
test (not supplies) the proper connectivity
of both ends in order to avoid
autonegotiation problems (as for example
1Gbps full duplex not reached).
3 - Tighten strongly
LAN connectors with
wrench J23599 to ensure
the complete isolation
14
 Connection to equipment
• On LAN2, MNGT port (1Gbps) (!!Need to know the ip address of radio!!) . The PC must
be set in the same subnet.
• On auxiliary port with dedicated cable using HyperTerminal (115200bps 8-N-1-N) (!!Doesn’t
need to know the ip address of radio!!)
• Using Rescue login (!!when you have forgotten the ip address!!)

Software N.E. ( Network Backup/Restore Protocol

Element )
Internet Browser (I.E. 8) you cannot load WEBLCT NO HTTP
firmware and backup/restore Loc&Rem
Web Lct Console (WinXp, Win7) WEBLCT YES HTTP, FTP
Free software downlodable Loc&Rem (File.Bak)
www.siaemic.com after registration

SCT Subnetwork Craft Terminal (WinXp, 100 YES HTTP , FTP , SNMP
Win7) (File.bku)

NMS5-LX (Linux) 1000 YES FTP , SNMP

NMS5-UX (Unix) 10000 YES FTP , SNMP

IP address Factory Default :
ODU HIGH 172.20.255.15/16 15
ODU LOW 172.20.254.14/16
User: SYSTEM
Pass: SIAEMICR SCT distr. ≥ 4.7.4

SCT distrib. ≥ 5.x.x

support SNMPv3, but it’s
not fully compatible with
the old products SIAE

16
 1 - Connecting Via Lan

connection via USB (no present in ALFO+)

emergency connection for

radio Full Outdoor ALFO+

3 – press double click

2 – Enter the IP address of equipment

WEBLCT Console can only be used with the

following devices SIAE: ALCPLUS, ALS-C,
ALPLUS2, ALCPLUS2, ALCPLUS2-E, AGS10, 17
ALFOPlus, ALFOPlus80, ALFOPlus80HD, AGS-H
 Rescue Connection with SCT
1 Assign static IP address to PC (172.20.253.14/16)
2 Connect PC directly with LAN cable to ALFOplus
3 With SCT/WLC, connect using Local Area Network
and press the button Connect - Rescue

ALFOPLUS RESCUE IP
ADDRESS: 172.20.253.13/16

4 lets turned off the radio for 1 minute

5 turned on the radio and wait the automatic connection into the radio
6 In “Rescue Connection” mode it is possible to set or to recover the values for
management normal access.
Use rescue only to watch ALFOplus IP Rescue on LAN2 only, FW 01.01.01
Address or to change Ip Address Rescue on LAN1 and LAN2, FW v01.04.00
 Default Admin Username: SYSTEM
Default Password: SIAEMICR
Max 2 User connected
in the same time WEBLCT
Default Read Only Username:RLOM (Monitor)
Default Password: SIAEMICR

“WEB Local Craft

Terminal” is Open WEB LCT of
similar at SCT - Remote Link Radio
Equipment Menu
Radio
Radio
Status
Setting

hide / show menu

This Web Browser manages a single terminal.
manual refresh

Alarms
19
 Line up
1. Radio Configuration :
• Bandwidth & Modulation/Link ID [Equipment > BW & Mod. / Link ID]
• Tx Frequency [Radio Branch > Settings]
• Tx Power control [Radio Branch > Powers].

2. Port configuration [Main > Port Configuration]

3. Agent IP [Main > Equipment properties]
4. Stored Routing Table [Main > Stored Routing Table]
5. Remote element List or Subnetwork configuration wizard
6. SW/HW Restart equipment [Main > Equipment properties]

20
 Radio Throughput
Table of capacity net Ethernet [Mbps] in different bandwidths and modulations

21
 Adaptive Code Modulation setting
ACM enable: fixed bandwidth
and variable modulation, at the
maximum possible
Range of dynamic ACM disable: fixed bandwidth
Modulation and modulation
During antenna aiming ACM, ATPC = DISABLE

Radio Radio capacity:

Throughput Is Only Ethernet

@28Mhz

• Downshift (from 1024QAM to 4QAM): decrease Ethernet Capacity

• Upshift (from 4QAM to 1024QAM): increase Ethernet Capacity
For each modulation profile the Ethernet throughput is adjusted.

22
 Adaptive Code Modulation
1024QAM
512QAM
128QAM
...
4QAM
4QAM-ST
99,9% 436Mbps @ 1024QAM
Link capacity

99,99% 389Mbps @ 512QAM

99,992% 99,999%: Typical link
290Mbps dimensioning
@ 64QAM
...
99,999% 88Mbps @ 4QAM
99,9995% availability 65Mbps @ 4QAM-strong (56MHz)
Example Packet Data Radio System Capacity with 56MHz
Modulation 4 QAM 4 QAM 16 QAM 16 QAM 32 QAM 64 QAM 128 256 512 QAM 1024
Strong Strong QAM QAM QAM
S/N - 10.7 dB 15.1 dB 16.9 dB 19.3 dB 22.6 dB 25.2 dB 28.2 dB 31.3 dB 34.5 dB
Throughput 66Mbps 88Mbps 132Mbps 171Mbps 199Mbps 246Mbps 294Mbps 341Mbps 389Mbps 436Mbps
23
 ALFOPlus 25GHz
Tx Power mode
dBm

+22

+21

+20

+19

PEAK
+18

+17 AVERAGE

4QAM-S 4QAM 16QAM-S 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1024QAM

24
 Tx Power Ramp referred at a modulation

TX power
[dBm]

+22 NO
+21
Max. TX power @ 32 QAM
+20

+19

+18

+17
Modulation

4QAMs 4QAM 16QAMs16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1024QAM 25

 Local Link ID
• Link Radio Identifier to avoid unwanted traffic (0 = LLI disable)
• LLI Local = LLI Remote

Example (2 Radio Link different traffic in the same direction and close to each other)

Radio A1 Radio A2 PRX A2

LLI=10
A1
D
If LLI.B2≠LLI.A1,
PRX B2 no traffic in output
LLI=20
Radio B1 In case of Radio B2 A1
26
Failure
 Radio Branch: Tx Frequency
First fix the Tx Frequency channel in
Remote ODU and after in Local ODU
4

2
Traffic ok (normal setting) no modulator (no traffic)
Temporary Tx off with Timeout traffic ok
Permanent Tx off without Timeout
1
5
Value of Timeout
Local Remote 17700 MHz 18200 MHz 18700 MHz 19200 MHz 19700 MHz

High Low ODU 1L ODU 1H 1 SubBand

ODU 2L ODU 2H 2 SubBand

FTx1A=18878.5MHz FTx1A=17868.5MHz ODU 3L

27 3 SubBand
ODU 3H

FRx1A=17868.5MHz FRx1A=18878.5MHz
Manual: TX Power Fixed;
Automatic: ATPC enabled
Radio Branch: Powers
ATPC allows Ptx<PtxMAX for most of the
time; when fading occurs, Ptx is increased as
needed until the maximum is reached. RTPC
ATPC vs constant Ptx:
- Less power consumption, Zone ACM ATPC reduce Ptx
- higher MTBF,
- reduced interference on other links
Ptx doesn’t change
ATPC increse Ptx up to the max Ptx value

In general the threshold Low ATPC = threshold Upshift of

upper modulation; in this way ATPC work before the
downshift.

28
Frequency SCAN (available only for
ALFOPLUS 17GHz)
Remote TX OFF
1
2 3
Only for ALFOPLUS 17GHz must
be set the frequency Tx & Rx.
4

5
6
Frequency scan is a manual operation,
during this operation the Tx power is
permanent off.

29
Comply with CEPT/ERC/REC/70-03 (EIRP≤100mW)
ALFOPLUS v01.03.00
 Port Configuration OH Payload

2
3
RFCOH Ip Eth
(In-Band)
1

Possible Configuration of Supervisioning Traffic (Local equal remote)

LAN1 LAN2 Description
Disable LAO LAN1 only payload and LAN2 only local management
Disable OoB LAN1 only payload and LAN2 only management
In-Band LAO LAN1 Vlan mngt+payload and LAN2 only local management
In-Band Drop/node LAN1 Vlan mngt+payload and LAN2 only management
In-Band In-Band LAN1 Vlan mngt+payload and LAN2 Vlan mngt+payload
In-Band Disable LAN1 Vlan mngt+payload and LAN2 only payload 30
ALFOPLUS v01.04.02
 SCENARIO 1 LAO Local Access Only
Site A Site B
ALFO+ GE ALFO+ GE
L1 PortA PortA L1 Data untag/tag
Data+PoE
OUT L2 L2 OUT
Radio
PoE
PoE
IN CPU CPU
Data IN
Mngt untag Mngt untag
untag/tag
Router Router
Local radio cannot see
remote management
Lan1 : Disabled (Data Only - Untag/Tag)
DCN Lan2 : Local Access only (Mngt Only - Untag)

Default Vlan ID
Lan 1 = 101 Lan2 = 102 PortA=111
VLAN ID Lan 1 Lan 2 Port A
101 Unmodif. Disable Unmodif.

31
 SCENARIO 2 OoB Out of Band (default)
Site A Site B ALFO+ GE
ALFO+ GE ALFO+ GE
L1 PortA PortA L1 Data untag/tag L1 PortA
Data+PoE
OUT L2 L2 OUT L2
Radio Radio
PoE
Vid:1 Vid:1 PoE PoE Vid:1
IN CPU CPU CPU
Data IN
Mngt untag Mngt untag Mngt untag
untag/tag
Router Traffic Mngt internal Router
tag VlanID: 1

DCN Lan1 : Disabled (Data Only - Untag/Tag)

Lan2 : Out of Band (Mngt Only - Untag)

Default Vlan ID
Lan 1 = 101 Lan2 = 1 PortA=111
VLAN ID Lan 1 Lan 2 Port A
1 Disable Unmodif. Unmodif.
101 Unmodif. Disable Unmodif.
32
 SCENARIO 3 Drop/Node
Site A Site B ALFO+ GE
ALFO+ GE ALFO+ GE Data untag/tag
L1
Data+PoE Vid:101 PortA PortA Vid:101L1+ Mngt vlan 10 L1Vid:101 PortA

OUT L2 L2 OUT L2
Radio Radio
PoE Vid:xyz Vid:xyz PoE Vid:xyz
PoE
IN CPU CPU CPU
Data IN
untag/tag Mngt vlan xyz Mngt vlan xyz Mngt untag
Router Router

DCN
Lan1 : In Band ( Data - Untag/Tag; Mngt – Tag VLAN xyz )
Lan2 : Drop Node (Mngt Only - Untag)
In Band Vlan Id : xyz (any VLAN configurable by the operator)

Default Vlan ID
Lan 1 = 101 Lan2 = xyz PortA=111
VLAN ID Lan 1 Lan 2 Port A
xyz Tagged Untag. Tagged
101 Unmodif. Disable Unmodif. 33
 SCENARIO 4 InBand/InBand
Site A Site B ALFO+ GE
ALFO+ GE ALFO+ GE Data untag/tag
L1
Data+PoE Vid:101 PortA PortA Vid:101L1+ Mngt vlan 10 L1Vid:101 PortA

OUT L2 L2 OUT L2
Radio Radio
PoE Vid:102 Vid:102 PoE Vid:102
PoE
IN CPU CPU CPU
Data IN
untag/tag Mngt vlan xyz Mngt vlan xyz Mngt tag
Router Router

DCN
Lan1 : In Band ( Data - Untag/Tag; Mngt – Tag VLAN xyz )
Lan2 : In Band ( Data - Untag/Tag; Mngt – Tag VLAN xyz )
In Band Vlan Id : xyz

Default Vlan ID
Lan 1 = 101 Lan2 = 102 PortA=111
VLAN ID Lan 1 Lan 2 Port A
101 Unmodif. Disable Unmodif.
102 Disable Unmodif. Unmodif. 34
Web LCT: Main Menu – Equipment Properties Agent IP

Restart without cut the traffic

Equipment ID: name view of radio

Agent IP = Ip Ethernet (MNGT port)

Network Element Agent IP is used for snmp

traps to identify the
Network Element. When
(IP ETH) SNMP Agent (Radio A)
OSPF is enabled the Agent
IP Routing
Ip ≠ Ip Ethernet. 35
 Store Routing Table
ALFOPLUS uses a Routing Table to send/receive the
management traffic through its ports (RADIO and LAN).
“Routing table” is - Destination: is the Network
Store routing table is used to create address to send /receive
used for view the management traffic.
new routing table after SW restart
actual routing mapped
- Net Mask: Network Mask
of the destination network.
2 3
Management interface - Hop: is the next IP address
1 interface that connect the
Destination's net.
4 - Interface: defines the local
mngt interface that allows to
reach the next hop
- Protocol: specifies how the
routing row has been
inserted.

Local: static routing inserted automatically by controller. (Cannot be delete)

NetMgmt: static routing inserted manually by the user (Can be delete)
OSPF: dynamic routing inserted automatically by OSPF feature

The interfaces are configurable in port configuration 36

(Lan = Ethernet, Radio 1A = Radio)
 Remote element List
In order to have the whole link in one page only, local equipment is
declared “managed by SCT”, remote one is declared “remote link”.
Opposite configuration on remote side.

8 1 4
Create Station and Insert the
Network Element using the IP
AGENT

41 73
Local Remote 41 74
Managed by SCT Remote Link
172.18.41.73 172.18.41.74
2
3

5
6
7 37
 General Preset
Rx Power Low: pre-alarm threshold configurable
by operator (independence of errors)

This label will be

shown in the Event list

Received Signal Strength Indicator : enable the Voltage

AGC on Auxiliary port, during alignment of antenna.

It is recommended to let RSSI = Disable, not overload

CPU. After Enable/Disable perform a Sw restart

38
 Synchronisation Priority or Quality
Web LCT: Main Menu – Synchronisation
3
SETS is a hardware circuit that select the source
interface of synch in base at priority or it can
switch the source according with quality.

2
Manual
Enable SynchE Operation
After this period the alarm appears
1
Wait time to restore After this period the alarm disappears

Enable SSM G.8264 (Quality of Synch)

There are 3 status of the Main Clock T0 (PLL):
Free Running = missing synchronism, an Internal Clock provides the synch by itself (PLL).
Holdover = low quality of Synch, trying to recover by a clock stored in a buffer. 39
Locked = normal situation of synchronisation. ALFOPLUS NEW 1.1.x
 Synchronisation Source

1
Manual 4 Enable Source Manual reset
Operation Wait to Restore
Forced by
Operator
Status Alarms is generated by:
- LTI (Loss of timing input)
- Drift (Bad quality)

2 3
Disable
High
5 6
Use only when switching per Priority
Use only when switching per Quality
UNKN: Quality Unknow
PRC: Primary reference Clock
SSUT: Synchronization Supply Unit Transit
SSUL: Synchronization Supply Unit Local
Low SEC: SDH Equipment Clock
DNU: Do not Use 40
 Ethernet Switch Functionalities
• L2 switching: based on MAC Address and/or VLAN
• Flow Control / Back Pressure (IEEE 802.3x)
• Autonegotiation (IEEE 802.3ab)
• Jumbo Frames
• VLAN/VLAN STACKING (IEEE 802.1q with QinQ)
• Ethernet QoS (IEEE 802.1p)
• IP-V4 TOS/ IP-V6 TC
• LLF (Link Loss Forwarding) bidirectional
• STP, RSTP (IEEE 802.1w, IEEE 802.1d)
• ETH OAM (IEEE 802.1ag/ITU-T Y 1731)
• Radio packet fragmentation
• Header packet compression
• IEEE1588v2
• RMON Statistic 41
802.11ad as 802.1Q adds 4 bytes in the header of
each packet, the first 2 bytes concern of Tag
Ethernet switch
Protocol IDentifier. This EtherType is fixed
0x9100 defines the new format "Vlan Stacking". Forwarding based on
MAC & VLAN ID

MTU in Byte
(default)
Time to refresh the
MAC address table for
each Lan interface

Take account the value of Max Packet Size [byte] when "802.1Q setting" is set as
DISABLE or FALLBACK the switch adds 4 Bytes for internal S_Tag.
With 802.1Q in SECURE (that means that packet VID must be contained in Virtual
LAN table list, otherwise the packet is discarded), no internal TAGs are added.
42
 TAG composition
Untagged packet [Ethernet Frame]

Tagged packet (C-Tag) [802.1Q Tagged Frame]

Tagged packet (S-Tag) [802.1ad Double Tagged Frame]

VLAN Paths used to create: The value of S_Tag TPID can be changed in
“Ethernet Switch (Enh.) - Common Parameters”
• E-Line (point to point services)
UNI UNI
• E-LAN ​(multipoint services) Vlan 10,11 Vlan 11, 12

Vlan 11, 12, 13

Vlan 10, 11, 12, 13, 14
LAN A LAN B
NNI
NNI

Vlan 11,14
UNI = User - Network Interface Vlan 11, 13

NNI = Network to Network Interface UNI UNI 43

Disabled 802.1q or Fallback Traffic Treatment
E-Line

Frame X Lan1 S_Vid=101 Frame X S_Vid=101 Frame X Lan1

Vid=101 Frame X
Vid=101
Port A S_Vid=101 Frame X Port A
Vid=111 Vid=111
Provider S_Vid=102 Frame Y Provider
Lan2 Lan2
Frame Y Frame Y
Vid=102 S_Vid=102 Frame Y S_Vid=102 Frame Y Vid=102

Disabled 802.1q or Fallback

E-LAN
S_Vid=111 Frame X

Lan1 S_Vid=101 Frame X Frame X

Frame X S_Vid=111 Frame Y Lan1
Vid=101 Vid=101
S_Vid=111 Frame X Frame Y
Port A Port A
Vid=111 Vid=111
Provider S_Vid=111 Frame Y Provider Frame X
Lan2 S_Vid=111 Frame X Lan2
Frame Y
Vid=102 S_Vid=102 Frame Y
44
Vid=102 Frame Y
S_Vid=111 Frame Y
 Ingress Filter on LAN interface
Operation in Input on traffic LAN

Ingress Filter Packet incoming Packet incoming With Tag

Check without Tag
C_Tag S_Tag
Disable802.1Q use Port Based use Port Based VLAN use Port Based VLAN
VLAN
Fallback Use Port Based If C_Tag is present in the If in QinQ packet (S_tag + C_Tag) there is at
VLAN VLAN table use VLAN table. least a Tag with TPID=0x8100 and this
If C_Tag isn’t present in the VLAN is present in the VLAN table, the
VLAN table use Port Based packet can pass using the VLAN table.
VLAN In all other cases are used Port Based
VLAN.
Secure delete the If C_Tag is present in the If in QinQ packet (S_tag + C_Tag) the value
packets VLAN table use VLAN table. of S_Tag TPID=0x8100 and S_Tag VLAN is
If C_Tag isn’t present in the present in the VLAN table, the packet can
VLAN table delete the pass using the VLAN table.
packets In all other cases the packet are deleted.
Secure delete the delete the packets If S_Tag is present in the VLAN table use
(Provider) packets VLAN table.
(work only if If S_Tag isn’t present in the VLAN table
Port A is setted delete the packets
in Fallback)

45
LAN settings: Port Based Vlan

Define the Vlan Static, only if Port Based

VLAN of PortA is Enabled and PortA is
setted in Fallback (Provider Enable)

It’s allowed to share the Ethernet

traffic with the other interfaces.
ALFOPlus
Lan1 PortA
Lan2 Radio Port
External Internal
Interfaces Interface
46
 VLAN Lan Configuration
VLAN (Static) are automatically inserted by switch for S_Tag, when the PortA is setted
FALLBACK (Provider Enable). The value depends by “Default Vlan ID” present in
“802.1Q Management”.

Radio Port

VLAN doesn’t transit through Lan2 [forbidden port]

VLAN exits Lan2 with tag [tagged member port]
VLAN exits Lan2 without tag [untagged port]
VLAN exits Lan2, with the same tag it
has at input (unmodified) [member port] 47
 Egress mode on VLAN menu
Operation in Output on traffic LAN

Frame Egress Mode Packet incoming without Tag Packet incoming With Tag

Disable The packet cannot pass The VLAN packet cannot pass

Unmodified Remain untagged Keep the origin tag

Untagged Remain untagged Delete the tagging

Tagged Packet Tagged with the default VID Keep the origin tag (unmodified)
of incoming port

The LAN interfaces setted in “Disable802.1Q” or “Secure

(Provider)” cannot untagged the traffic.

Port A can be setted untagged when it’s in Secure

48
Example 1 – Transparent Settings as Switch (all ports Local see the Remote)
Lan1 Lan1
untagged frame tagged frame untagged frame tagged frame
VID:101 S-tag=101 S-tag=101 VID:101
Frame X CVID=10 Frame X CVID=10
Frame X CVID=10
tagged frame untagged frame Lan2 untagged frame tagged frame
Lan2 PortA PortA
CVID=10 Frame X VID:102 VID:102 Frame X CVID=10
Fallback Fallback Fallback Fallback

Switch Configuration – Example 1

General Switch Parameters Max Packet size 2048
QinQ ETH. Type 0x: 9100 Mac Learning Vid basis: Enable MAC Addr. Aging Time 300
Port parameters
Port Rate Mac Cable Speed/Duplex Traffic Default Ing. Filtering Priority Default
Control Learning crossover Treatment VID Check Priority
Lan1 Full Rate Enable Auto Auto Port to Port 101 Fallback Disable 0
Lan2 Full Rate Enable Auto Auto Port to Port 102 Fallback Disable 0
Port A Enable Enable - - - 111 Fallback Disable 0
Port Based Vlan Configuration
Lan1 Lan2 Port A
Lan1 Disable Enable Enable
Lan2 Enable Disable Enable
Port A Enable Enable Disable
VLAN Configuration
Vlan ID Lan1 Lan2 Int. Port
101 (Static) Unmodified Unmodified Unmodified
102 (Static) Unmodified Unmodified Unmodified

49
Only with supervisioning LAN1=inband and LAN2=inband
 Example 2 - Lan Settings separated traffic (LanX to LanX)
Lan1 S-tag=101 S-tag=101 Lan1
untagged frame tagged frame untagged frame tagged frame
VID:101 VID:101
Frame X CVID=10 Frame X CVID=10 Frame X CVID=10
tagged frame untagged frame S-tag=102 S-tag=102 untagged frame tagged frame
Lan2 Lan2
Frame Y CVID=20 Frame Y CVID=20 VID:102 Frame Y
VID:102 CVID=20
Fallback Fallback Fallback Fallback

Switch Configuration – Example 2

General Switch Parameters Max Packet size 2048
QinQ ETH. Type 0x: 9100 Mac Learning Vid basis: Enable MAC Addr. Aging Time 300
Port parameters
Port Rate Mac Cable Speed/Duplex Traffic Default Ing. Filtering Priority Default
Control Learning crossover Treatment VID Check Priority
Lan1 Full Rate Enable Auto Auto Port to Port 101 Fallback Disable 0
Lan2 Full Rate Enable Auto Auto Port to Port 102 Fallback Disable 0
Port A Enable Enable - - - 111 Fallback Disable 0
Port Based Vlan Configuration
Lan1 Lan2 Port A
Lan1 Disable Disable Enable
Lan2 Disable Disable Enable
Port A Enable Enable Disable
VLAN Configuration
Vlan ID Lan1 Lan2 Int. Port
101 (Static) Unmodified Disable Unmodified
102 (Static) Disable Unmodified Unmodified

50
Only with supervisioning LAN1=inband and LAN2=inband
 Example 3 – C_VID transport and Filtering
Lan1 Lan1
untagged frame tagged frame tagged frame tagged frame
VID:101 tagged frame VID:101
Frame X CVID=20 CVID=10 CVID=10
CVID=10
Lan2 Lan2
VID:102 VID:102
Fallback Secure Secure Fallback

With PortA in secure only the VLANs configured into the switch
can pass.
Switch Configuration – Example 3
General Switch Parameters Max Packet size 2048
QinQ ETH. Type 0x: 9100 Mac Learning Vid basis: Enable MAC Addr. Aging Time 300
Port parameters
Port Rate Mac Cable Speed/Duplex Traffic Default Ing. Filtering Priority Default
Control Learning crossover Treatment VID Check Priority
Lan1 Full Rate Enable Auto Auto Port to Port 101 Fallback Disable 0
Port A Enable Enable - - - 111 Secure Disable 0
Port Based Vlan Configuration
Lan1 Lan2 Port A
Lan1 Disable Disable Enable
Port A Enable Enable Disable
VLAN Configuration
Vlan ID Lan1 Lan2 Port A
10 Unmodified Disable Unmodified

51
 Example 4 – Construction of C_TAG based on VID Port
Lan1 Lan1
Local Remote tagged frame
untagged frame VID:101 VID:101
tagged frame
Frame X CVID=101
CVID=101
Lan2 Lan2
VID:102 VID:102
Fallback Secure Secure Fallback

Switch Configuration – Example 4

Port parameters 1/2
Port Rate Mac Cable Speed/Duplex Traffic Default 802.1Q Internal Priority Default
Control Learning crossover Treatment VID management Selection Priority
Lan1 Full Rate Enable Auto Auto Port to Port 101 Fallback Port Default 0
Port A Enable Enable - - - 111 Secure Port Default 0
Port parameters 2/2
Port Selective Provider Tag Lan to Radio CVid rewrite
Input C Vid Output C Vid Output S Vid Priority
Lan1 Disable - - - -
Port A (Provider Enable) - - - -
Port Based Vlan Configuration
Lan1 Lan2 Port A
Lan1 Disable Disable Enable
Port A Enable Disable Disable
Local VLAN Configuration Remote VLAN Configuration
Vlan ID Lan1 Lan2 Port A Vlan ID Lan1 Lan2 Port A
101 Untagged Disable Tagged 101 Unmodified Disable Unmodified

Force the tagging in PortA Local 52

 Example 5 – Construction of S_TAG based on VID Port
Lan1 Lan1
Local Remote tagged frame
untagged frame VID:101 VID:101
tagged frame
Frame X SVID=101
SVID=101
Lan2
VID:102
Fallback Fallback Fallback Secure (Provider)

Switch Configuration – Example 5

Port parameters 1/2
Port Rate Mac Cable Speed/Duplex Traffic Default VID Internal Priority Selection Default
Control Learning crossover Treatment Priority
Lan1 Full Rate Enable Auto Auto Port to Port 101 Port Default 0
Port A Enable Enable - - - 111 Port Default 0
Port parameters 2/2
Local Remote
Port 802.1Q Selective Provider Tag Port 802.1Q Selective Provider Tag
management management
Lan1 Fallback Disable Lan1 Secure Provider Port

Port A Fallback (Provider Enable) Port A Fallback (Provider Enable)

Port Based Vlan Configuration
Lan1 Lan2 Port A
Lan1 Disable Disable Enable
Port A Enable Disable Disable
Local VLAN Configuration Remote VLAN Configuration
Vlan ID Lan1 Lan2 Port A Vlan ID Lan1 Lan2 Port A
101 Unmodified Disable Unmodified 101 Unmodified Disable Unmodified
53
 LAN settings: Interface RJ45 Pinout MDI
1 Txp
2 Txn
RJ45 Pinout MDIX
1 Rxp
2 Rxn
Rate control: Used only for 3 Rxp 3 Txp
Full Rate to 4 4
SyncEthernet: Used only when 5 5
Enable the Lan 6 Rxn 6 Txn
Interface Master: OUTPUT Speed/Duplex = 7 7
Slave: INPUT Auto 8 8

Table of MAC
address enable

= 1Gb

Indipendend Mac Address

Database segment indexed
by default port VLAN ID

Message to determine the

Step 10Mbps when maximum capacity that
Speed/Duplex is set can handle the Ethernet
Full-Duplex-100M link For 1Gbps

54
 Input filtering Policing
EVC1
EVC1
EVC2
Bandwidth
profile
UNI EVC2

EVC3 EVC3

The parameter Mode points out the modality to use to limit the traffic in input from LAN port
and forwarded to Radio port:

• Disable. Option disabled: the traffic in input is not limited according to specific criteria.
• UNI Port based. Option enabled: all the traffic in input is limited on port basis.
• EVC C_Vid Based. Option enabled: the traffic in input is limited only for the packets with C-
VID (Customer VLAN Identifier) defined by the user and pointed out in the table below.
• COS C_Vid + Priority Based. Option enabled: the traffic in input is limited only for the
packets with C-VID values and priority defined by the user and pointed out in the table below.
• EVC S_Vid/C_Vid Based. Option enabled: the traffic in input is limited only for the packets
with S-VID (Service VLAN Identifier) and C-VID values defined by the user and pointed out in the
table below.
• COS S_Vid/C_Vid + Priority Based. Option enabled: the traffic in input is limited only for the
packets with S-VID (Service VLAN Identifier) and C-VID values and 802.1p priority defined by the
user and pointed out in the table below. EVC = Ethernet Virtual Connection
COS = Class Of Service 55
Required drop type WRED C_Vid = Customer Virtual LAN ID
S_Vid = Service Virtual LAN ID
 Input filtering Policing
• CIR (Committed Information Rate). Transmission rate (expressed in Mbit/s) ensured in
normal operating condition of the network (throughput).
• EIR (Extended Information Rate). Band exceeding that set by CIR.
• CBS. (Committed Burst Size). Traffic burst which the network ensures to store
(recommended to set 3 or 4 times the MTU).
• EBS (Excessive Burst Size). Quantity of data, besides CBS, the network can store
(recommended to set 3 or 4 times the MTU).
• CF (Coupling Flag). Modality to control the traffic declared Yellow.
• Enabled. The long term average bit rate of service frames that are declared Yellow
is bounded by CIR + EIR depending on volume of the offered Service Frames that are
declared Green.
• Disabled. The long term average bit rate of service frames that are declared Yellow
is bounded by EIR.
In both cases the burst size of the service frames that are declared Yellow is bounded
by EBS.

56
Required drop type WRED
 8 Queues Management

The Priority Lan To Radio contextual area opens with the Native 802.1p/MPLS tab active.
Table 802.1p Priority points out the correspondence between native 802.1p priority, possible present in packets
in input from LAN ports, and the output queues of Radio ports.
The rows of the table correspond to the output queue of the Radio ports:
• Queue 7. Output queue with 7 priority (high priority).
• Queue 6. Output queue with 6 priority.
• …….
• Queue 1. Output queue with 1 priority.
• Queue 0. Output queue with 0 priority (low priority).
The columns of the table (0 ÷ 7) correspond to the Tag 802.1p value.
The active option indicates which output queue (Queue…) the packet in input is associated to, whose value of
priority Tag (802.1p) corresponds to the value 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7.

The MPLS to 802.1p Rewrite table, points out the correspondence between MPLS priority and 802.1p priority
of packets in input from LAN ports and in output from Radio ports.
The active option points out which 802.1p priority every single native MPLS priority is re-mapped to.
Correspondence can be 1 to 1, that is same priority in two fields, or arbitrary according to the function chosen
by the user. For instance, the priority MPLS 7 can be re-mapped as priority 0 in field 802.1p. 57
LAN settings: Egress Priority Management

Priority management can be defined port

by port:
Without Priority
Uses 802.1p
Uses TOS/DSCP
Uses MPLS 58
Used 802.1p and rewrite with MPLS
TOS/DSCP is for IP packets only (level 3!)
bits

59
 LAN settings: Egress Priority Policy

Queue emptying policy

- 8421 WRR: 8 packets with queue 3, then 4 with queue 2, then 2 with queue 1
and then 1 with queue 0.
- Strict priority: a packet can go out only if the upper priority queue is empty
- Strict 3: all queue 3 packets can go out, after them all the other using
8421WRR policy
- Strict 3 and 2: all queue 3 and 2 packets can go out strictly, after them all the
other using 8421WRR policy
60
 WFQ – Strict Priority
Lan to Radio queue configuration (WFQ – Strict Priority)

Actual WFQ is the value

calculated by the
theoretical WFQ weight
value set by the user.

Strict Priority: the queue with highest priority is completely emptied (sending of
all the packets) before sending a frame of the queue with lower priority.

WFQ (Weighted Fair Queue): starting from the queues with highest priority up to
the queues with lowest priority, they are empties with a criteria that is based on
the weight defined by the user (minimum 1, maximum 100). This criteria is based
on byte, not frames as WRR.
61
 Queue Drop Type

The length of each queue is configurable from 128 Kbit to 128Mbit, so the
sum of all 8 Queue does not have to exceed 184Mbit for single radio port.

Drop Type: criterion by which packets are discarded within a queue that is filled:
• Tail. When the queue is full is only deleted the last packet.
• Queue. When the queue is full all of its contents will be deleted.
• Red. Random Early Detection (Random dropping following RED Curve).
• WRed. Weighted Random Early Detection.
62
ALFOPLUS v01.04.00
 Queue Drop Type

The concept of a packet of color (as shown in the technical

specification MEF Bandwidth Profiles for Ethernet Services) is
used to identify the level of conformity of a packet as regards
as the bandwidth profile associated to the service. Colors:
• Green. The frame is subject to both CIR and CBS
parameters of the profile associated to the service bandwidth
(CIR Frame-conformant).
• Yellow. The frame does not conform to the parameters CIR
and CBS, but complies with the EIR and EIS parameters of the
band associated to the service profile (Frame EIR-
conformant).
The combination of green and yellow applied to incoming
traffic from the LAN ports with "Policing Input Filter" on, is
made as follows:
• All traffic marked CIR / CBS is considered green.
• All traffic marked EIR / EBS is considered yellow. 63
 Selective QinQ

1
2

If the Selective Provider Tag is set Disable, in the table Lan to Radio
C_Vid Rewrite is possible to overwrite the C- VID. In particular:
• Input C Vid. C-VID (Customer VLAN Identifier) of the packets in input
from the external port you wish to overwrite.
• Output C Vid. New value of C-VID you wish to forward to Radio port.

64
 Selective QinQ
1
2

If the Selective Provider Tag is set Enable C_Vid Based, in the table Lan to Radio C_Vid Rewrite & Selective
QinQ is possible to overwrite the C- VID and add a selective S- VID based on the C- VID.
• Input C Vid : Input packets with old C-Vid to overwrite.
• Output C Vid : Output packet with new C-VID
• Output S Vid : Output packet with added the new S-VID.

If the Selective Provider Tag is set Enable C_Vid + Priority, in the table Lan to Radio C_Vid Rewrite & Selective
QinQ is possible to add a selective S- VID based on the C- VID and priority.
• Input C Vid : Input packets with old C-Vid to overwrite.
• Input Priority : the criteria of rewriting will be based on priority.
• Output S Vid : Output packet with added the new S-VID.

65
EXAMPLE Selective QinQ (S-TAG based on 802.1Q C-TAG)
Terminal B
S-TAG 333 / C-TAG 10
LAN 1
Terminal A S-TAG 444 / C-TAG 20
C-TAG 10
C-TAG 20 LAN 1 Port A Port A
C-TAG 30 LAN 2 C-TAG 30

Termianl B Port Parameters

Interface Rate Control M/S Flow Cable Mac Speed

port Autoneg Control crossover learning duplex
Termianl A Port Parameters

LAN 1 Full Rate Enable Disable Auto Enable Auto

Interface Rate Control M/S Flow Cable Mac Speed LAN 2 Full Rate Enable Disable Auto Enable Auto
port Autoneg Control crossover learning duplex
PORT A Enable Enable
LAN 1 Full Rate Enable Disable Auto Enable Auto
PORT BASED VLAN
PORT A Enable Enable
LAN1 LAN2 PORT A
PORT BASED VLAN
LAN1 Disable Disable Enable
LAN1 PORT A
LAN2 Disable Disable Enable
LAN1 Disable Enable
PORT A Enable Enable Disable
PORT A Enable Disable
802.1Q management
802.1Q management
General CVidRewrite sel QinQ
General CVidRewrite sel QinQ
Port Def 802.1Q Traffic Treatment Provider CVid CVid SVid
Port Def 802.1Q traffic treatment Provider CVid CVi SVi Vid
Vid d d
Lan1 101 Secure Yes
Lan1 101 Fallback Transp. port to port Enable C_Vid 10 10 333
Lan2 102 Fallback Transp. port to port
20 20 444
PortA 111 Fallback
PortA 111 Fallback
VLAN CONFIGURATION
VLAN CONFIGURATION
VLAN LAN1 LAN2 PORT A
VLAN LAN1 LAN2 PORT A
333 Unmodified Disable Unmodified
333 Unmodified Disable Unmodified
444 Unmodified Disable Unmodified
444 Unmodified Disable Unmodified 66
101 (static) Disable Unmodified Unmodified
101 (static) Unmodified Disable Unmodified
102 (static) Disable Unmodified Unmodified
EXAMPLE Selective QinQ (S-TAG based on 802.1P priority)
LAN 1
S-TAG 333 P:0 / C-TAG 10 P:0
C-TAG 10 P:0 LAN 1 PORT A S-TAG 444 P:3 / C-TAG 10 P:3
C-TAG 10 P:3
C-TAG 10 P:7 LAN 2
PORT A
C-TAG 10 P:7

TERMINAL B

PORT PARAMETERS

TERMINAL A Interface Rate M/S Master/Sl Flow Cable Mac Learning Speed/Duplex
Control Autoneg ave Control crossover
PORT PARAMETERS
LAN1 Full Rate ENABLE Master DISABLE AUTO ENABLE AUTO
Interface Rate M/S Master/Sl Flow Cable Mac Learning Speed/Duplex
Control Autoneg ave Control crossover LAN2 Full Rate ENABLE Master DISABLE AUTO ENABLE AUTO

LAN1 Full Rate ENABLE Master DISABLE Auto ENABLE Auto PortA ENABLE ENABLE

PortA ENABLE ENABLE PORT BASED VLAN

PORT BASED VLAN LAN1 LAN2 LAN3 LAN4 PORTA

LAN1 LAN2 LAN3 LAN4 PORTA LAN1 DISABLE DISABLE DISABLE ENABLE

LAN1 DISABLE DISABLE DISABLE ENABLE LAN2 DISABLE DISABLE DISABLE ENABLE

LAN2 DISABLE DISABLE DISABLE DISABLE PORTA ENABLE ENABLE DISABLE DISABLE

PORTA ENABLE DISABLE DISABLE DISABLE 802.1Q MANAGEMENT

802.1Q MANAGEMENT PORT VID 802.1Q Traffic Treatment PROVIDER C VID REWRITE SELECTIVE QinQ

PORT VID 802.1Q Traffic Treatment PROVIDER C VID REWRITE SELECTIVE QinQ In CVid In Priority Out SVid

In CVid In Priority Out SVid LAN1 101 Secure YES

LAN1 101 Fallback Transparent Port to Port C_Vid + 10 0 333 LAN2 102 Fallback Transparent Port to Port
Priority
10 3 444 PORTA 111 Fallback

PORTA 111 Fallback VLAN CONFIGURATION

VLAN CONFIGURATION VLAN LAN1 LAN2 LAN2 LAN3 LAN4 PORTA

VLAN LAN1 LAN2 LAN2 LAN3 LAN4 PORTA 333 Unmodified DISABLE DISABLE DISABLE DISABLE Unmodified

333 Unmodified DISABLE DISABLE DISABLE DISABLE Unmodified 444 Unmodified DISABLE DISABLE DISABLE DISABLE Unmodified

444 Unmodified DISABLE DISABLE DISABLE DISABLE Unmodified 102 (static) Unmodified DISABLE DISABLE DISABLE Unmodified

101 (static) Unmodified DISABLE DISABLE DISABLE DISABLE Unmodified Priority Management

Priority Management Port Priority Selection

Port Priority Selection LAN1 Native 802.1p (C-VID)

67
LAN1 Native 802.1p (C-VID) LAN2 Native 802.1p (C-VID)

PORT A Native 802.1p PORT A Native 802.1p

 EXAMPLE VLAN rewriting

Terminal A
Terminal B
C-TAG 5 LAN 1 Port A Port A LAN 1 C-TAG 555

Termianl A Port Parameters Termianl B Port Parameters

Interface Rate Control M/S Flow Cable Mac Speed Interface Rate Control M/S Flow Cable Mac Speed
port Autoneg Control crossover learning duplex port Autoneg Control crossover learning duplex

LAN 1 Full Rate Enable Disable Auto Enable Auto LAN 1 Full Rate Enable Disable Auto Enable Auto
PORT A Enable Enable PORT A Enable Enable

PORT BASED VLAN PORT BASED VLAN

LAN1 PORT A LAN1 PORT A

LAN1 Disable Enable LAN1 Disable Enable

PORT A Enable Disable PORT A Enable Disable

802.1Q management 802.1Q management

General LanToRadio Rewriting General LanToRadio Rewriting

Port Def 802.1Q traffic treatment Provider CVid CVid Port Def 802.1Q traffic treatment Provider CVid CVid
Vid Vid

Lan1 101 Fallback Transp. port to port 5 555 Lan1 101 Fallback Transp. port to port 555 5

PortA 111 Fallback PortA 111 Fallback

VLAN CONFIGURATION VLAN CONFIGURATION

VLAN LAN1 LAN2 PORT A VLAN LAN1 LAN2 PORT A

101 (static) Unmodified Disable Unmodified 101 (static) Unmodified Disable Unmodified

68
 LLF ( Link Loss Forwarding )

Seconds before the LLF alarm

"Link Loss Forwarding" is a alarm of
malfunction that propagates in the Ethernet
link, used in strategies of redirection
packets for alternative connections

Port by port, ports to check

The packet LLF are sended relevant LLF can be set
69
through lan and Radio direction ALFOPLUS v01.04.00
 Spanning Tree Protocol
Interface Lan1 belong at group Bridge1 of Spanning Tree Protocol or IEEE802.1D or
IEEE802.1W.

Enable spanning tree

Low Priority

High Priority

Low Priority
High Priority

Used to determine priority of port

This interface displays and settings the port states on the feature
enabled. You can enable a single function at time per port
70
ALFOPLUS v01.03.00
 Spanning Tree
Resend BPDU
Change Status port
Life of BPDU

First try to use RSPT, if not

available then use standard STP

Parameters of packet BPDU

(Bridge Protocol Data Unit)
used for manage STP/RSTP

Example all Lan connected in a hub

71
Parameter used to elect the root bridge
ALFOPLUS v01.03.00
 MCM (Microwave Capacity Management ) or MAB
(Microwave Adaptative Bandwidth) protocol
The Microwave Adaptative Bandwidth protocol has been developed by SIAE and CISCO
in order to improve the behaviour of the Ethernet ring protection when using the adaptive
code modulation (ACM) on microwave links. The main ring topology advantages are:
-To offer a protection path in case of equipment failure or radio link unavailability due to
deep fading.
-To increase Ethernet throughput (up to double) from the core toward the border of the
network by distributing on the two ring branches the Ethernet traffic by means of control
plane protocols (G.8032) in order to open the Ethernet loop in a suitable segment.

72
ALFOPLUS v01.04.00
 Ethernet Frame Fragmentation

Packets size greater than

256 byte are fragmented

Latency is the time taken to process a DATA (Response time in/out)

Jitter is a statistical variation delay of packets caused by queues in
congested networks
SIAE SWITCH High pri High pri High pri Low priority High pri
High pri High pri High pri High pri High pri High pri
LAN1 Port A

Low priority Low priority LAN2

High ‘Jitter Variation’ for the
high priority packets

High pri High pri High pri High pri High pri High pri SIAE SWITCH High pri High pri High pri Low pri High pri High pri Low pri
LAN1 Port A

Low priority Low priority LAN2

Lower ‘Jitter Variation’ for
the high priority packets
fragmented
packets
The benefit of this algorithm is to minimize the Jitter variation of
the Ethernet packets with Frame Fragmentation proprietary Siae. 73
 Multi-Level Header Compression
The Compression acts on the header of the incoming packet without altering the data field and
FCS. At the remote site is rebuilt the original header, increasing thus the throughput radio.
Compression of Ethernet MAC addresses and Payload EtherType.

Compressed Byte.

Compression of field 802.1Q (priority and identifier of VLAN).

Maximum number of inserted Provider Tags which can

be compressed. The parameter can be set to values 1 or 2.

Maximum number of inserted MPLS Labels which can be

Ethernet compressed.
18 bytes
(802.1Q)
1 LEVEL
4 bytes MPLS Only IPv4 UDP compression inactive.

20 bytes IPv4 Compression of UDP and RTP

protocols (if present) active.
8 bytes UDP
Compression of IP tunneling (eNodeB) is possible.
12 bytes GTP-U Compression of level-3 header (if present). When compression
is active, the area below points out the format of the traffic in
40 bytes IPv6 input to the Switch:

8 bytes UDP

12 bytes RTP

10 bytes Payload
2 LEVEL
4 bytes Ethernet FCS

136 bytes packet Leave it enabled does not introduce significant disadvantage on
74
(122 bytes of header) Latency. Enabling first in Remote Radio and after in Local site.
Gain of Header Packet Compression

75
OAM (Operations, Administration and Maintenance) Ethernet
Service that implements the functionality of “Connectivity Fault Manager” (CFM), which aims to monitor
ethernet link through VLAN ( IEEE 802.1ag and ITU-T Y.1731 ). Example of domain

Customer Eth Access Core Eth Access Customer

MEP MIP MIP MEP

Customer OAM Level (7)

MEP MIP MIP MIP MIP MEP

Provider Level (3)

MEP MIP MIP MEP MEP MIP MIP MEP

Operator A Level (1) Operator B Level (1)

•Create or use existing VLANon which to insert this service.
•Define Maintenance Domain and the priority of the service offered by VLAN for differents operators.
•Create the MA (Maintenance Association) or the MIPs (Maintenance Intermediate Points) are Points
internal to a domain (passive entities), that can respond to messages LoopBack and LinkTrace, to verify
the exact location of the Ethernet traffic interruption.
•Create the MEP (Maintenance End Points) are Points active at the edge of the domain, identified with a
different ID, that sending CCM (Continuous Check Message) cyclic messages to check the status of the
service.
•LTM (Link Trace Messages) or Mac Trace Route are Multicast frames that a MEP transmits to track the
path (hop-by-hop) to a destination MEP. Each receiving MEP/MIP present in the domain responds with a
Reply Trace route directly to the source MEP and regenerates the route Trace Message
76
•LBM (LoopBack Messages) used to locate the interruption on the net.
ALFOPLUS v01.03.00
 Example of Loop-Back Test over the Ethernet patch
Radio Link
Cross-connection
802.1q in fallback

Lan1 Mep ID=1

LAN1 with PortA Lan1
Mep ID=2
Lan2 Lan2
PortA PortA
1 - Create VLAN
PortA must be enabled (Do the same in the remote radio)

2
Low High

2 - Create Domain 1
(Do the same in the remote radio) 3 - Create MEP over Vlan 24
(Do the same in the remote radio)

4 - Set MEP ID & direction

(Different ID in the remote radio)
Direction
= outgoing from the switch (through
Line cable or Radio propagation)
= ingoing in to the switch
77
ALFOPLUS v01.03.00
 MEP CrossCheck and Test
5 – Start CCM 6 – MEP CrossCheck
1 6
3
5
RemoteMep (Do the same in the remote radio)

LinkTraceMessage 8
LoopBackMessage 7
2

4 Missing CCM
of remote MEP 8 – LinkTraceMessage
7 – LoopBackMessage
Status MEP
= Missing CCM

MAC address not found 78

MAC address searching in progress
MAC address found ALFOPLUS v01.03.00
 LOOPS
0 sec = disable
Manual operation
Timeout Press Double
click

Packets are loopback

RF Loop Only for ODU GB6xxx
(GO) and GB8xxx (GE)
Loops used with Ber The packets ethernet doesn't return back,
because are deleted into the switch.
Test measurement or
S/N to search the Packets ethernet return back (Very
failure or check the dangerous for the network, because the
Ethernet traffic should never be looped)
cable connections
Line Loop BaseBand Loop RF Loop
BaseBand

TX
Modulator module
LAN1
1Gbps

LAN2 ODUA 79
The loops are combined RX
with Radio BER Test Switch Demodulator module
 Radio BER TEST to check Hardware Failure
Local 1) Set Local Radio Timeout=0
b 2) Enable RF Loop or Baseband Loop in
Local Radio
3) Enable Local Radio BER TEST(step a,b,c)
4) Check Local status: BER,Sync Loss,
Errors, Elapsed Time, events
Timeout = 0
c Ber Test on RF Loop
a
Local ALFOplus
Or for Both radio
1) Set Timeout_Local= 580sec and This operation will result in
Timeout_Remote= 600sec the loss of remote equipment.
2) Enable Remote Radio BER TEST(step a,b,c)
3) Immediately, enable the Local Radio BER
TEST Local
4) Check Local status: BER,Sync Loss, Errors,
Elapsed Time, events
Timeout = 580 Timeout = 600
Ber Test on Ber Test on
80
ALFOplus Link BER TEST is traffic affetting!
 PTx=+20 dBm PRx nominal =-40dBm
(Normal Attenuation) Fade Marging
Fade Margin is the range between PRx nominal and PRx min. It
is mainly used to describe the safety margin of Radio system in
case of Fading (ex FadeMargin=|Prxmin| - |Prxnom|=30dBm).
PRx min=-70dBm
(HBER Interruption of radio link)

Milano (Loc) Cologno (Rem) 3 1 expected value of FM

192.168.76.216 192.168.76.212
2 external attenuator introduced

Real F.M. Verify = 22 dBm

How start the fade marging test?

1-without any alarms (Loc&Rem)
2-ACM Engine Disable
3-Remote Element Table
4-Start Fade Margin functionality or manually
81
reduce the PTx Loc untill loss the remote side
ALFOPLUS v01.03.00
 Performance monitoring
Counters recording:
ES = Errored Seconds 1 2
SES = Severely Errored Seconds
SEP = Severely Errored Periods
UAS = Unavailable Seconds
BBE = Background Block Errors

Requirements:
Adobe Flash Player

RLTS = Received Level Threshold Seconds (5 configurable threshold)

TLTS = Transmitted Level Threshold Seconds (4 configurable threshold)
RLTM = Received Level Tide Mark (Max, Min, Average Level)
TLTM = Transmitted Level Tide Mark (Max, Min, Average Level)
ACM = Adaptive Code Modulation (Mod Seconds,Unavailable, DownShift, UpShift)
82
 Performance monitoring

Alarm Status

Threshold

83
 Performance alarms
Every performance measure can drive the
relevant alarm if threshold is exceeded.
Threshold in sec. relevant 15 minutes alarm
Threshold in sec. relevant 24 hours alarm
Threshold in dB of Rx alarm

alarm counter reset

alarms severity
If the value = 0 sec,
alarm is disabled 84
Signal to Noise Measure

Modulatio ACM switching on 28MHz

n Downshift Upshift
1024QAM 34.5
512QAM 31.3 36.5
S/N ≥ 38dB 256QAM 28.2 33.3
128QAM 25.2 30.8
64QAM 23.1 27.2
32QAM 19.3 25.4
16QAM 16.9 22.6
16SQAM 15.1 18.9
4QAM 10.7 19.6
4QAM-S 12.7
85
 Report & Logger Maintenance
Details of Configuration
stored in the radio

usefull during a troubleshooting

86
SNTP&Wake Up Configuration
Main Menu – SNTP & Wake Up Configuration

Align Time & Date with a SNTP

Server. (not necessary in case
management with NMS5)

Autodiscovery used by NMS5

87
IEEE1588v2 - Precision Time Protocol
1588v2 optimized Transport over ACM links: “Ethernet Frames
Long frame fragmentation Fragmentation” should
Additional Queue (9° queue) dedicated exclusively to 1588v2 packets be set at 256 Bytes
Controlled microwave transmission with constant latency time

88
ALFOPLUS v01.03.00
Software info & Maintenance

1 Download “only difference” FW_Boot.dwl

2 Download “Forced” FW_appl.dwl
3 Download “Web Lct” WebLct.zip

The new firmware is downloaded

in standby bench (bench status:
loaded). After a Bench switch,
don’t turn off the power supply
untill the complete restart of
IP Factory Default equipment.
172.20.255.15/16 ODU H
172.20.254.14/16 ODU L

89
!!! SCT or WLC is necessary for FTP file transfer !!!
 Backup/Restore Configuration
Backup with SCT – Tools - Equipment Configuration Wizard
Full Backup ( Radio Config. , Address, Remote List ) : file.bku
not editable

Partial Backup Configuration : file.cfg editable

- Config. (modulation,capacity,frequency channel, etc)
- Address (IP Eth, Radio PPP, Routing table, etc)
- Remote List file.rel

Backup file made with WLC cannot be

used to restore with SCT and viceversa

Backup with WebLCT

Full Backup : file.bak not editable
90
!!! SCT or WLC is necessary for FTP file transfer !!!
 Unit List
Main Menu – Equipment Properties - Unit List

91
Alarm Severity Configuration
3 double click
2

Disable or select the severity of the Alarm permanently

92
 User Manager SNMP Monitor Server

NMS5UX User manager

Remote User manager

Read Only: Monitor user

Read and write: cannot
modified configurations of
Equipment menu
Admin Password
Station Op.: as System user, but
cannot create/modify user and
add new Features Management
93
 Security Configuration
Equipment Menu – Main – Security Conf.

keyed-Hash Message
Authentication code
Secure SHell
Secure Hash Algorithm

Message Digest algorithm 5

Digital Signature Algorithm
Data Encryption Standard

Advanced Encryption Standard

94
SNMPV3 ALFOPLUS v01.04.00
Features Management
Main - Equipment Properties – Equipment Feature

WLC is necessary for FTP file transfer

enabling features keys

95
Advanced Statistic Monitoring
Counter frame packet based:

a) Priority (native 802.1p)

2 b) Customer Vlan C_VID

1
c) Service Vlan S_VID
3

100

96
ALFOPLUS NEW 1.1.x
 RMON Remote MONitoring
Ethernet performance monitoring
LAN1
RX
3 TX
1Gbps PORT A
TX
10.07% = 100.7Mbps
LAN2 RX
RX 1Gbps
TX
1Gbps

1 2 The Utilization is based

4- Press Start on 1Gbps port speed

97
ALFOPLUS NEW 1.1.x
Front panel LED:
• Orange = Reboot status Alarms Notification
• Red On = An Internal alarm is active
• Red Flashing = An external Alarm is active
• Green Flashing = Radio connection with far end terminal is active

Alarm windows
• SCT: All alarms are listed in “Event History” or the active alarms can be
monitored in a “View current alarms” windows.
• WEBLCT: all current alarms are present in “Event list” area.

Group Alarm:
URGent Critical (red) Hw Fail
affect traffic Link Down Major (Orange) Los

Not URGent Minor (yellow) Radio changing

Don’t affect traffic Link OK Warning (light blue) Alarm indication Signal

TEST = Active Manual Operation (Loop, Radio Switch, FM test, Radio BER TEST, etc)

98
Who can generate alarms in a radio link system?
1 ) Propagations of MicroWave
- Interference (in a Link radio turn off the Ptx module (local & remote) and
monitoring the Prx during the day, active Local Link ID)
- Desalign of Antenna (check positions and screws, maximize the Voltage AUX
connector present in ODU)
- Obstacle in the 1° Fresnel Zone (tree, tower building, etc …)
- Particular condition (heavy rain, stratification of different air temperature, flat
surface)
- Using the “Performance Monitoring” Prx, Ptx, BER measuring
2 ) Radio Hardware faulty
- Alarms due of a wrong configurations or actual status of the Radio
- Faulty (using Radio BER TEST to check a Hardware failure)
3 ) External Event
- No constant 48 Volt Power supply during the day/night
- Very High temperature, humidity inside waveguide.
- ODU operating range -33° to +55°C; survival temperature range -40°C to +70°C
- ODU Waterproof according to IP65 environmental class
99
 Maintenance
Maintenance Consists of two stages:
1) Periodical checks = detect correct radio performance without
alarm.
For each equipment (one time every 3/6/12 months), perform the
following operations :
- Save Backup of equipment
- Save Inventory Report (Power Tx and Power Rx)
- Save Signal to Noise value
- Evaluate site condition (dust, opened windows,
ventilation,etc.. )
2) Corrective maintenace = takes place as soon as one or more
alarms conditions are present.

100
 Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting is performed with :
- Check value Power of Transmitter and Receiver.
- Reading Current Alarms and Alarm History labels and
trying to figure out which part of the equipment is affected,
in the following pages there is a description of alarms.
- Disable All Manual Operations.
- Verifying with RADIO BER TEST a Hardware failure or S/N
Measure.
- Verifying the correct initialization of the Local and Remote
Radio.
- Hot / Cold Restart (turned off > 30 sec)
- Factory default
- Firmware Update
- Replace with a spare part. 101
Alarms grouping : Current Alarms
Alarms are divided into groups, the group name
represents the origin of the module that has caused
him.

with SCT
SCT: Equipment – View
Current Alarms…

WEBLCT
102
 Alarms groups : COMMON
Alarms related to general settings.

Alarm Causes Solution

Equip. Man Op Manual operation active Set Timeout=1

Rmon (Remote Monitoring) Ethernet Statistic counter

MEP Fail Lost CCM of remote MEP Check cable or switch config

MEP config. Mismatch OAM mismatch MEP with different ID

1588 Config Mismatch IEEE 1588 mismatch set correct config local & remote

Compress Fragment Mismatch Fragmentation mismatch set correct config local & remote
103
Equipment manual operation
2 – type Timeout =1 sec to clear all Manual Op.

1- Press double click

Or using SCT – Equipment – View Active

Manual Operation - set Timeout:
Timeout =1 Sec
104
 Alarms groups: ETH LAN
Alarms (internal and external) regarding Ethernet traffic and
relevant ports.

Alarm Causes Solution

Link Loss Loss of ethernet signal Check cable

Auto Negotiation Auto negotiation failed Fix the correct Speed/Duplex

Link Loss forwarding Link loss in remote ports Check cable / Disable LLF

Physical Sync Loss SynchEthernet is missing Check cable connection or disable SyncE

Master Slave config. Fault Wrong configuration Master/slave set correct direction

105
 Lan-1 Loss of Signal Alarm
When the cable Lan is disconnected the Lan Los generates
Unresolved Autonegotiation Alarm.

To clear the alarm, check cable

connectivity or if the interface
is not used set :
Rate control = Disable

106
Alarms groups: P.M. (Performance Monitoring)
Alarms regarding all measurements in Performance Monitoring
section.

107
 Alarms groups: Plug-in module
Alarms relevant the plug-in modules used for optical lines.

Alarm Causes Solution

Module Mismatch Inizialisation Module Fail or incompatible Module Disconnect-Reconnect Module
Module Fail Module failure or not present Replace plug in
LOS No signal in the Module Check fiber optic

108
Alarms groups: RADIO
Specific alarms the ODU and Radio link.

109
Alarms groups: RADIO

110
 Link ID
Alarm is on if Link ID check is enabled (Link ID ≠ 0) and
remote Link ID is different from the local one.

To clear the alarm, set :

LLI = 0 (Disable) in local & remote

Traffic is cut but signal is received and measured.

This alarm
causes:
- Traffic is cut
- Management is cut 111
 Link telemetry fail
No link between Local and Remote station. Traffic & Mngt is cut.
Demodulator fail can be when:
To solve problem, try :
-the remote radio is power OFF or TX power Off
-Disable manual operations
-Frequency Channel Local ≠ Remote
-Check Power Tx/Rx and Frequency chan.
-RF Loop on remote Radio
-Line-up (Local&Remote)
-ODU damaged (using BER TEST to verify the faulty)

112
Adaptive Modulation Reduce Capacity Notification
When ACM Engine is enable in both radio (Local and Remote)
and the actual Tx/Rx modulation < Upper modulation.

To clear the alarm, set :

-reduce fading
-Increase Power Tx (Local & Remote)

113
 BER synch Loss
BER Test is an analyzer of RADIO Hardware failures. When you start the
Measure, Sync Los Alarm appears and only after you active the RF Loop or
Baseband Loop the alarm should disappears and BER value should
decrease.

To clear the alarm, set :

TEST Mode = Off

114
 RT Rx Power Low
This alarm occurs when Rx power is under a defined threshold
Threshold value can be set in range:
-40dBm -99dBm in General preset
The alarm Rx Power Low is a branch alarm and it is used to drive Rx switch

Decrease this value below of actual

Prx, -70dBm is default value

115
 RT Tx Power Low
This alarm occurs when actual Tx power is 3 dB under the Tx Power
control setted manually.

ATPC or manual attenuation do not affect this alarm that is given by

internal failure of the radio.
This alarm can be activated by a manual operation also: Tx Transmitter
off in Radio Branch - Settings 116
 RT Rx Quality Warning Alarm

RX Quality Low Warning RX Quality Low Alarm

BER ≈ 10E-10 BER ≈ 10E-6
Quality power receive BER≤10E-10

Quality power receive BER≤10E-6 117

 Alarms groups: SETS
Alarms (internal and external) relevant to the synchronism
sources and their setting.

118
Circuit SETS=SDH Equipment Timing Source

119
 BaseBand Sets (T0) Fail alarm
Circuit SETS are not able to get Synch

BaseBand Sets (T0) LTI alarm

Loss Timing Input source Fail

BaseBand Sets (T0) Drift Alarm

Drift: clock frequency is out of range

120
 Alarms groups: SNTP
Alarms regarding the SNTP server.

Alarm Causes Solution

Unicast Server Server is missing Main Server = 0.0.0.0
Lost Reserve Server = 0.0.0.0

121
 Alarms grouping : UNIT
This group generates alarms when one of the
units, the equipment consists of, is faulty or does
not respond to controller polling

122
ACRONYMS

123
 More info? …consult the manual
ALFOPLUS - User manual (mn.00273.e).pdf
WEB LCT ALFOPLUS - User manual (mn.00281.e).pdf

Contact Siae
commercial reference

124