Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Edinburgh Research Explorer: The Leading-Edge Vortex of Yacht Sails
Edinburgh Research Explorer: The Leading-Edge Vortex of Yacht Sails
Link:
Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer
Document Version:
Peer reviewed version
Published In:
Ocean Engineering
General rights
Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s)
and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and
abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.
0.5
𝛾2 contours 0.95
25
-0.02 -0.02 0.4
0.3 0.9
-0.04
-0.04 0.2
0.85
0.1
|. 2 |
-0.06
-0.06 0 0.8
-0.08 -0.1
0 1
0 0.75
-0.08 -0.2
0.5
-0.1
-0.02
-0.3 0.95
0.7
-0.02 0.4
26
-0.1 -0.4
-0.12 0.3 0.65
0.9
-0.04
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 -0.5
0.12
-0.04
-0.12
0.2 -0.5 0 0.5
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.85
0.1
|. 2 |
-0.06
-0.06
0 0.8
-0.1
0
-0.08
-0.08
0 10.75
-0.2
0.5
0.95
-0.02 -0.1
-0.02
-0.3
0.4 0.7
27
-0.1
-0.4
0.3 0.9
-0.04
0.65
-0.12
-0.04
-0.12 -0.5
0.2
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12-0.5 0 0.5 0.85
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12
0.1
|. |
2
-0.06 -0.06
0 0.8
-0.1
-0.08 -0.08 1
0.75
0 0 -0.2
0.5
-0.1
-0.3 0.95
0.7
-0.1
-0.02 -0.02
0.4
-0.4
0.3
28
0.65
0.9
-0.12 -0.12 -0.5
-0.040 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0
-0.04 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 -0.5
0.2 0 0.5
0.85
0.1
|. 2 |
-0.06 -0.06
0 0.8
-0.1
-0.08 -0.08 10.75
0 0 -0.2
0.5
-0.1 -0.1 -0.3 0.7
0.95
-0.02 -0.02
0.4
-0.4
0.3 0.65
0.9
-0.12 -0.5
29
-0.12
-0.040 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0
0.12 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12
-0.04 0.2 -0.5 0 0.5
0.85
0.1
|. |
2
-0.06
-0.06
0 0.8
-0.08 -0.1
0 0
-0.08 1
0.75
-0.2
0.5
-0.1
-0.3 0.95
0.7
-0.02 -0.02 0.4
30
-0.1
-0.4
0.3 0.9
-0.12 0.65
-0.04 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 -0.04 0.12
-0.12
-0.5
0.2
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12-0.5 0 0.5 0.85
0.1
|. 2 |
-0.06 -0.06
0 0.8
-0.1
-0.08 -0.08
0.75
-0.2
-0.1 -0.1 -0.3 0.7
-0.4
0.65
-0.12 -0.12 -0.5
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12-0.5 0 0.5
STABLE LEV – PLANE B
Artificial 𝛾2 contours
on top of experimental 1
0
Contours 𝛾2 =0.70 0 Contours 𝛾2 =0.67 0.5
𝛾2 contours 0.95
-0.02 -0.02 0.4
31
-0.04 -0.04
0.3
0.2
0.9
0.85
0.1
|. 2 |
-0.06 -0.06
0 0.8
-0.08 -0.1 1
-0.08
0 0.75
0 -0.2
0.5
-0.1
-0.1
-0.3 0.95
0.4 0.7
-0.02 -0.02
32
-0.4
0.3
-0.12 0.9
-0.12 0.65
-0.040 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 -0.5 0.12
0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 -0.04
0.12 0.2 -0.5 0 0.5
0.85
0.1
|. 2 |
-0.06 -0.06
0 0.8
-0.08 -0.080
-0.1
0 10.75
-0.2
0.5
-0.1 -0.1 -0.3 0.7
0.95
-0.02
-0.02 0.4
33
-0.12
-0.04 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1
-0.12
-0.04 0
0.12 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08
-0.4
0.3
0.1 -0.50.12
0.9
0.65
0.2 -0.5 0 0.5
0.85
0.1
-0.06
|. 2 |
-0.06
0 0.8
195 0.4
0.3 0.9
0.2
0.85
0.1
y=c0
y=c0
|. 2 |
0 0
0 0.8
-0.1
0.75
-0.2 1
0.5 0.5 $
t$ = 26:8 t = 26:8 -0.3
0.5 0.7
PLANE B 0.95
-0.4
0.4
196
PLANE B -0.5
-0.5 0.65
-0.5 0 -0.5
0.3
0.5 0.9
-0.5 0 0.5 -0.5 0 0.5
x=c0 0.2
x=c0
0.85
0.1
y=c0
y=c0
|. 2 |
0 0
0 0.8
-0.1
0.75
-0.2 1
0.5 0.5
t$ = 26:8 t$ = 26:8 0.5
-0.3 0.7
0.95
PLANE B PLANE B 0.4
197
-0.5 -0.4
-0.5 0.65
0.3
-0.5 0.9
-0.5 0 0.5 -0.5 0 0.5
-0.5 0 0.5
x=c0 x=c0 0.2
0.85
0.1
y=c0
y=c0
|. |
0
2
0
0 0.8
-0.1
0.75
-0.2
1
0.5 t$ = 26:8 0.5
t$ = 26:8 -0.3 0.7
0.5
PLANE B -0.4
PLANE B -0.5 0.95
-0.5 0.4 0.65
-0.5
-0.5 0 0.5
0.3 -0.5 0 0.5
-0.5 0 0.5 0.9
198
x=c0
x=c0
0.2
0.85
0.1
y=c0
|. 2 |
y=c0
0 0
0 0.8
-0.1
0.75
-0.2
t$ = 26:8 t$ = 26:8 -0.3 0.7
0.5 1
0.5
PLANE B PLANE B -0.4
0.5
-0.5 -0.5 0.65
0.95
-0.5
199
0.4
0.5 -0.5 0 0.5
-0.5 0 0.5
-0.5 0
x=c0 x=c0 0.3 0.9
0.2
0.85
0.1
y=c0
y=c0
|. |
0
2
0
0 0.8
-0.1
0.75
-0.2
200
0.4 -0.5 0 0.5
-0.5 0 0.5-0.5 0 0.5
x=c0 x=c0 0.3 0.9
0.2
0.85
0.1
y=c0
y=c0
0
|. 2 |
0
0 0.8
-0.1
0.75
-0.2
t$ = 26:8 t$ = 26:8 -0.3 0.7
PLANE B PLANE B -0.4
-0.5 -0.5 0.65
-0.5
-0.5 0 0.5 -0.5 0 0.5 -0.5 0 0.5
x=c0 x=c0
SHEDDING LEV – PLANE B
Artificial 𝛾2 contours
on top of experimental
0.5
Contours 𝛾2 =0.70 Contours 𝛾2 =0.67 1
𝛾2 contours
0.5
0.5
201
0.95
0.4
0.3 0.9
0.2
0.85
0.1
y=c0
y=c0
|. 2 |
0 0
0 0.8
-0.1
0.75
-0.2
1
0.5 0.5 t$ = 26:8 -0.3 0.7
t$ = 26:8 0.5
PLANE B -0.4 0.95
202
PLANE B
-0.5
-0.5 0.4 0.65
-0.5
-0.5 0 0.5 -0.5
0.3 0 0.5 0.9
-0.5 0 0.5
x=c0
x=c0 0.2
0.85
0.1
y=c0
y=c0
|. 2 |
0 0
0 0.8
-0.1
0.75
-0.2
t$ = 26:8 -0.3 1
0.7
0.5 0.5 t$ = 26:8
PLANE B 0.5
-0.4
PLANE B 0.95
203
-0.5 -0.5 0.65
0.4
-0.5
-0.5 0 0.5-0.5 -0.5 0 0.5
0 0.3
0.5 0.9
x=c0 x=c0
0.2
0.85
0.1
y=c0
y=c0
|. 2 |
0 0
0 0.8
-0.1
0.75
-0.2
t$ = 26:8 t$ = 26:8 -0.3 0.7
PLANE B PLANE B
-0.5 -0.5
-0.4
0.65
-0.5 0 0.5 -0.5 0
-0.5
0.5 -0.5 0 0.5
x=c0 x=c0
SHEDDING LEV – PLANE A
0
0 Artificial 𝛾2 contours 1
0.6
on top of experimental
Contours 𝛾2 =0.70 Contours 𝛾2 =0.67 0.95
-0.02
-0.02
𝛾2 contours
269
0.4
-0.04 0.9
-0.04
0.2 0.85
-0.06 -0.06
|. 2 |
0.8
0
-0.08 -0.08
0
0 1
0.6 0.75
-0.1
0.02 -0.2
-0.1
-0.02 0.95
|. 2 |
0.8 1
0 0
-0.08 0
0.08 0.6
0.75 0.95
-0.1 -0.2
-0.1-0.02 -0.02
0.4
271
0.7
0.9
-0.04 -0.12
0.12 -0.04 -0.4
0.65
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.2
0.1 0.12 0.85
0
-0.06 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 -0.5 0 0.5
-0.06
|. |
0.8
0 0
-0.08 0
-0.08 1
0.6
0.75
-0.02 0.95
-0.1 -0.02
-0.1 -0.2
272
0.4 0.7
-0.04 0.9
-0.12 -0.04
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08
-0.12
0.1 0 0.12 0.02 -0.4
0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10.2 0.12 0.65
0.85
-0.06 -0.06 -0.5 0 0.5
|. |
0.8
0 0 1
-0.08 0
-0.08
0.6
0.75
-0.02 -0.2 0.95
-0.1 -0.02
-0.1
0.4 0.7
-0.04
-0.12 273
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08
-0.12
-0.04
0.1 0 0.12 0.02
-0.4
0.9
0.65
0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12
0.2 0.85
-0.5 0 0.5
-0.06 -0.06
0 0 0 1 0.8 |. 2 |
-0.08 -0.08 0.6
0.75
0.95
-0.02 -0.02 -0.2
-0.1 -0.1
0.4
0.90.7
274
-0.04
-0.12
-0.04
-0.12
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08
-0.4
0.1 0.12
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.2 0.65
0.85
-0.06 -0.06 -0.5 0 0.5
|. |
2
0.8
0
-0.08 -0.08
0.75
-0.1
-0.2
-0.1
0.7
0.2 0.85
-0.06 -0.06
|. |
2
0.8
0 0 0 1
-0.08 -0.08
0.6
0.75
-0.02 -0.02 -0.2 0.95
-0.1 -0.1
276
0.4 0.7
0.9
-0.04
-0.12 -0.04 -0.4
-0.12
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0 0.12 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.65
0.2 0.85
-0.06 -0.06 -0.5 0 0.5
|. |
2
0.8
0
-0.08 -0.08
0.75
0 -0.2 1
0
-0.1 0.6
-0.1 0.7
277
0.95
-0.02 -0.02
-0.4
0.4
-0.12 -0.12 0.65
0.9
-0.040 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10
-0.04 0.12
0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1
-0.50.12 0 0.5
0.2 0.85
-0.06 -0.06
|. |
2
0.8
0
-0.08 -0.08
0.75
-0.1 -0.2
-0.1
0.7
-0.12 -0.12 -0.4
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0 0.12 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.65
-0.5 0 0.5