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RESEARCH: DEFINITION, CHARACTERISTICS, FUNCTION and IMPORTANCE

IN ACADEMIC DISCIPLINES AND IN THE WORKPLACE


There are three terms that need to be defined so they can be used correctly: field, discipline and
science. Adopting the definition of McMillan and Schumacher, (1993) “field,” is an area of research,
knowledge and practice that is more than a single discipline, as is business administration, public
management, education, medicine, nursing and other related studies. “Discipline” refers to a method of
organizing academic knowledge. Disciplines are usually classified as the physical, behavioral, and social
sciences. Physical science is the study of the natural universe; behavioral science is the study of an
organism; and social science is the study of human social systems. Although scholars and scientists’
debate whether a particular discipline is a science, they generally agree it is the research topic that
distinguishes physical, behavioral, and social sciences.

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