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    25 views33 pages

    Book 06-28-2020 21.58.29 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Yusma Khan

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 33
    F Contents Introduction - The Land of Pakistan Location of Pakistan 7 Importance of Pokistan’s Location. u rol Topography, including drainage — The Northern Mountains & The North-Western Mountains... The Western Mountains. od) When the Ear jolted Northern Pokistan 12 The Balochistan Plateou ol The Potwar Plateau and Solt Range 7 The Solt Range. eee eeene |) The Indus Plain tel 19) The Desert Areas i : 24 Questions Piet aad Climate ~ Climate and Weather. paiamaeee 28: Climatic Zones 28 Pokistan. the Seasons.. 30 Climatic Elements. 30 Etects of Climate on Life & Economic Activities of People 38 River Floods a2 Storms Drought in Pokiston Questions Introduction to Notural Resources 50 Hydrological Cycle. 50 Importance of Rivers to Pokiston aaaeeaT Ground Woter eeeeee-) Uses of Woter 54 Development of the Irigotion System in Pokistan 55 Indus Woter Treaty 58 Small ond Large Doms 59 Note: * | A vertical blue line in the margin ofthe text indicates the Extension matenal that is not specified in the 2059/2 syllabus Sittation in Reservoirs. 60 = Borrages ....... i 61 | Waterlogging ond Salinity .nnicnminnsnsnnnwnnsnnes inn 2 Surfoce Water Pollution... 63 Water os o Resource for Economic Development 68 Climate Change ond Water Shartage in Pokiston 0 0 64 Water Supply Issues Leading to Conflicts 6 Questions, 7 venes CF 1 Forests Importance of Forests Types of Forest 2 Determinants. 4 Forest Products a 7 Deforestation in Pkiston.. : 7 [Aforesttion Projects in Pakistan. sm al Sustainable Forestry. A s 2 Questions... 93 a OE Mineral Resource How are Minerals Formed? 84 Mining Processes. 84 Metallic and Non-metall 85 The Mining Industry in Pokistan .... = Mining ond Economic Development. Effects of Mining on the Environment wuesssinesennsenel Sustainable Development and Mising The Plight of Coal Miners in Pokistan .. Questions. : Fishing Industry Fishing Areas and Methods... : Governments Efforts to Develop Fisheries... Fish Morketing...-. Fish Forming and Environment... Problems ofthe Fishing Industry Sustoinable Fisheries. Questions, ‘Scanned wih CamScanner Smal-scole Subsistence Farming. Cosh Crop Farming... 106 ‘Agrculturol Product in Pokistan 107 Livestock Farming in Pokistan .... 108 Factors Affecting Agricultural Production, Ne Land Reforms.. 123 Farming ond the Environment... 126 ‘The Government's Efforts to Improve ‘Agrcaltacr pela Production. 19 Sustainable Development with Agriculture Questions ie Power Resources Non-renewable Energy Resources Alternative Energy Resources Notional Grid System, Rural Electrification. 7 . Importance of Power Resources for Economic Development... a Sustainable Development of Power Resources Questions... Industrial Development Secondary and Tertiary Industries = Secondary Industry... Principal Factory Industries in Pakistan Industrial Estates ‘Special Industrial Zones... Government Industrial Policy Formal and Informal Sectors... Cottage/Craft and Small-scale Industries in Pakistar Industrialization and Environmental Concerns. Sustainable Industry Tertiary Industty.........0s00 Call Centres. Questions.. Note: * Averica blue line in the margin of the text indicates the Extension material that isnot specified in the 2059/2 i Trade How do we Benefit from Trade? lez Exports and Imports i. Trode Routes ; 7 The Balance of Payments Position ua Export Processing Zones Nid Opportunities and Challenges for Pokistan Resulting from its Membership of the World Trade Organization (WTO) 198 Trade Development Authority of Pakistan (TDAP) 200 Questions. 201 Transport and Telecommunications Pokistan Railways 202 Dry Ports, 206 Roods 206 Ai Transport. 210 Woter Transport e212 Benefits of Developing the Transport System. 216 Telecommunications.. : 27 Questions 221 Popelation and Employment — Population Growth, Population Growth and Economic Development .... Population Structures. Population Structures and Development Employment Unemployment. aa Population Distribution and Density Migration Sustainable Population Growth Questions. Glossary, Index... ‘Scanned wih CamScanner fears tangas ee oe conectone [Esato cnangea ta meet our needs? tarmac ce ecies ess amer a See raceme era oalmce nena arabe nape? ne engest tom oh amaper svaabie™ oy ot aw mater be reable? =) Shed anor exp sate [ooo APOE? rr pena] en Te eta ea OE [orien ease nthe aeathat we can Crude oul car can only be used as a power source after Processing (refining) Sustomma Sustainable primary resources cae ibe fre wate: Tors ne ran ator arog airs the uratre. paper ana waren mana anion. on turbines for HEP production rant raw material many ‘Such as the soft drinks industry. ery inausines Metallic miner. Met oie minerals (god, silver, iron. copper) and cna ce sa panerals (gypsum, Imestone, marble in mane abr Soapstone serve as raw mates creme, mBartant indusiries like iron & steel } cement, detergent, electrical appliances Ara Poe aatenal 1s not confined only to primary proucls bul some of the secondary (processed iclured) products also serve as raw Rareenae) [Fontes | water Features ~ Industries. Tr concerned wh Mi oe een oom cael ‘Secondary industy (Processing and | Manvlacing Prove divectly useful 0 people ha aad traditional of eta wndustry no | The tad rusty noms agg | ree ete technology and Reno Sr tomty bess ~~] a ae al eeacoe wreanaeceg ce pugs rcen] SIS oe Larges tacn| Str atc ey aint cee ss grwatly mn terms ef siteara ngustr er camges trom seal-sale nay] cor Pitimatonal company that operates en) var cauntes ano produces many ete Garena g Tet _MeDonsids Toyou eat flour 1s a processed terial in a bakery where ake bread or bisculls Industry va materials For example, wh product but it is the raw mat itis further processed tom Wood pulp and cotton yarn are also processes materials that are raw materials. Cowan Yarn 1s Used to make (manufacture) cotton cath. Cotton clon s then an example of a manufactured raw matera which can itself be further manufactured 1°) garments, Other manufactured products may be Specially produced as components: these af manufactured raw materials which are assembled together. offen in another factory For example elect'é motors, wares. fan guards and many other components are assembled together to make an electric fan Industries which use agricultural products as their raw materials are called agro-based industries’: they include cotton textiles. woollen industries. he sugar industry and fru ices In Pakistan agro-based industries are common as they vse local raw matenals, ‘Scanned wih CamScanner pakistan has insufficient raw materials gecav8e, Fines have to Import them, they include fore indusu the iron and steel! industry, fertilizer 1 (of car assembly factories. Imported raw gators O°" “rease the cost of production and nate ne Country's import bill. ° : wr acipal Factory Industries in ri Pakistan had an almost negligible industrial base pakistan Mecf its creation in 1947. In the past 50 ne time sntry has undergone a structural change ars tne ey agrarian economy to a semi-industrial mo akistan has developed many consumer \dustries. Heavy industries like iron and goods My building, fertilizer and chemical industries swe = been developed. nave al | cotton Textile Industry jles is Pakistan's largest industry. It catton employment to 50% of the industrial 770 Teasing wires procuce ose "Punts ot hires overs) ull ivors st forhee labour force It has been developed at various locations (Fig. 9.6). Karachi, Hyderabad and Faisalabad are the main centres of the cotton textile industry Raw cotton, cotton yam, cotton cloth, ready-made garments are all exported to many countnes as well as being consumed domestically Fig 98 shows the weaving process that converts cotton yarn into cotton cloth. Location " we cting Location Cotton Textile industries in Pakistan - Lapeur oven ji 1 Uocated i tne cotton prosucing sean aimee Sinai Domestic market 1 ‘Scanned wih CamScanner ‘The cotton yarn is folded on a roller which is pressed = Importance of the Cotton Te, to make cotton tabne The manufactunng of cotter "Industry for Pakistan fabric 1s shown in Figs 99.9 10 and 911 Xtile The textile industry is the largest and the . important sector of the economy. It compnses

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