CASESTUDY1

1.
0TI
TLE
PANDEMI
CAWARENESSAMONGMENGATALRESI
DENTS

1.
1INTRODUCTI
ON
Pandemi
cis a wi
despr
ead di
sease out
break as a r
esul
t of t
he
human-
to-
humani
nfect
ion.Thi
soccur
swhenanewi
nfl
uenzav
irusemer
ges
andspr
eadsar
oundt
hewor
ld,
andmostpeopl
edonothav
eimmuni
ty(
Wor
ld
Heal
thOr
gani
zat
ion,
2010a)
.Ther
ear
esev
eralpandemi
csr
ecor
dedi
nhi
stor
y
f
ori
nst
ance Spani
sh Fl
u,Hong Kong Fl
u,SARS,H1N1,and ot
her
s(Qi
u,
Rut
her
for
d,Mao,
&Chu,
2017)
. Thi
spandemi
cdi
seasei
sfat
alwhi
chcauses
deat
htot
hose who ar
einf
ect
ed.Forexampl
e,t
he deat
htol
lofH1N1
pandemi
cdi
seasehasamount
edt
o18,
449deat
hswor
ldwi
deasst
atedbyt
he
Wor
ldHeal
thOr
gani
zat
ion(
2010b)
.

Cur
rent
ly,
ther
eisemer
ginganewdanger
ousv
irust
hatcanl
eadt
odeat
h
namel
yCor
onav
irus(
COVI
D-19)
.TheWor
ldHeal
thOr
gani
zat
ionhasmadet
he
assessmentt
hatCor
onav
irusdi
seaseasapandemi
c.Thi
sisanemer
ging
r
espi
rat
orydi
seaset
hati
scaused bya nov
elcor
onav
irusand wasf
ir
st
det
ect
ed i
n December2019 i
n Wuhan Chi
na (
Bao-
Liang,Wei
,Hai
-Mei
,
Qi
an-
Qian, Xi
ao-
Ge, Wen-
Tian & Yi
, 2020)
. COVI
D-19 i
s spr
ead by
human-
to-
humant
hrought
hedr
opl
et,
feco-
oral
,anddi
rectcont
actandhasan
i
ncubat
ionof2-
14day
swher
etot
her
eisst
il
lnoant
ivi
ralt
reat
mentorv
acci
ne
has been expl
i
cit
lyr
ecommended (
Bhagav
athul
a, Al
dhal
eer
, Rahmani
,
Mahabadi
&Bandar
i,2020)
.

Cor
onav
irus has i
nfect
ed t
he ci
ti
zen ofMal
aysi
a.Mi
nist
ryofHeal
th
est
imat
edt
her
ear
emor
ethan5000casesofpeopl
ewhohav
ebeeni
nfect
ed
ar
erecor
dedunt
il23Apr
il2020(
Off
ici
alPor
talMi
nist
ryofHeal
thMal
aysi
a,
2020)
.
Thepubl
i
cawar
enessr
egar
dingpandemi
crel
ateddi
seasei
simpor
tanti
n
pr
event
ingt
hespr
eadoft
hev
irus.Thi
sisbecausecur
rent
lyt
her
eisno
v
acci
neav
ail
abl
eagai
nstt
henewl
yemer
gingv
irus.Thebestwayt
ocont
ain
t
hev
irusf
rom bei
ngspr
eadi
sbyeducat
ingt
hepubl
i
cont
hepr
event
iveact
ion
t
heyshoul
dtaket
ost
opt
hepl
ague.

I
nMal
aysi
a,t
hegov
ernmenthast
ri
edt
oeducat
etheci
ti
zenonwhat
measur
ethey need t
otake f
ort
hei
rsaf
ety agai
nstCOVI
D-19 t
hrough
t
elev
isi
onandsoci
almedi
a.Fori
nst
ance,
theHeal
thMi
nist
ryDi
rect
orDr
.Noor
Hi
sham Abdul
l
ahst
atedt
hatpeopl
ear
enotnecessar
ytowearf
acemask
unl
esst
heyhav
ethesy
mpt
om ofCov
id-
19ort
heyhav
efl
usy
mpt
omssuchas
coughi
ng,
sneezi
ng,
andf
everort
heyt
aki
ngcar
eoft
hei
l
lper
son(
Kaur
,2020)
.

Muchpastr
esear
chaboutt
heknowl
edgeoft
hepandemi
cdi
seaseof
H1N1f
oundoutt
hatpeopl
ehav
eal
ow l
evelofawar
eness,pr
act
ice,and
pr
event
ivemeasur
es.Fori
nst
ance,
ast
udyconduct
edbyVi
nuet
.al
.(2017)on
awar
enessr
egar
dingswi
nef
lupandemi
cinr
uralcommuni
ti
esofCoast
al
Kar
nat
aka,
foundoutt
hat67.
3%oft
hest
udysubj
ect
shadhear
dofswi
nef
lu.
Thus,t
hisst
udyseeksmor
einf
ormat
ionaboutt
hepubl
i
clev
elofpandemi
c
awar
enessi
nMal
aysi
a

1.
2PROBLEM STATEMENT
I
n2020,t
heout
breakofpandemi
cgl
obalCor
onav
irusCOVI
D-19di
sease
hascausedchaosandf
eart
othewhol
ewor
ldi
ncl
udi
ngourcount
ry,
Mal
aysi
a.
Accor
dingt
oKement
eri
anKesi
hat
anMal
aysi
a(2020)t
henumberofpeopl
e
whogoti
nfect
edbyt
hisdi
seaseunt
il1stMay2020i
s6,
071.Thi
smadeour
gov
ernmentdeci
dedt
oimpl
ementmov
ementcont
rolor
derasoneoft
he
gov
ernment
'sef
for
tst
obr
eakt
hev
iruschai
nandt
oreducet
henumberof
peopl
ewhogoti
nfect
edf
rom t
hisdi
sease(
Tang,
2020)
.Duet
othi
sout
break,
peopl
emustbeawar
eoft
hiscondi
ti
onandf
oll
ow t
hest
ept
hathasbeen
i
nst
ruct
edbyt
hegov
ernmentandal
sobyt
heMi
nist
ryofHeal
thsuchas
pr
act
ici
nggoodhy
gieneandal
sowashy
ourhandspr
oper
lyt
oav
oidf
rom
get
ti
ngi
nfect
edbyt
hedi
seaseandal
sot
obeabl
etocont
rolt
hispandemi
c
si
tuat
ion.
 Oneoft
hef
act
orst
hatcont
ri
but
etot
henumberofpeopl
ewhogot
i
nfect
edi
sincr
easi
ngi
sbecauseoft
hef
alseawar
enessandpoormat
ter
sof
concer
n(SuzannahEl
l
is,
2020)
.Thi
smeanst
hatnotev
ery
onei
sawar
eoft
he
pr
ecaut
ionst
obet
akenandwhi
chal
sol
edt
oadi
stur
bingt
rendwher
epeopl
e
ar
espr
eadi
ngf
alsei
nfor
mat
ionwi
thoutv
eri
fi
cat
ion.Besi
des,
somepeopl
edi
d
notf
oll
owt
hegov
ernmentandMi
nist
ryofHeal
th'
sinst
ruct
ion.Thi
ssi
tuat
ion
canmaket
hepandemi
cishar
dtocont
rol
.Fori
nst
ance,t
hreemenwer
e
sent
encedt
oaf
ineofRM1,
000eachatt
heMagi
str
ate'
sCour
ther
etodayf
or
di
sobey
ingaMov
ementCont
rolOr
der(
MCO)(
Zol
ki
ply
,2020)
.Thi
sshows
how somepeopl
edo nott
akegov
ernmenti
nst
ruct
ionser
iousl
y.Anot
her
exampl
eis,accor
dingt
oDi
rect
orGener
alofMi
nist
ryofHeal
th,Dr
.Noor
Hi
sham Abdul
l
ah,peopl
ear
enotnecessar
ytowearf
acemaskunl
esst
hey
hav
ethesy
mpt
om ofCov
id-
19ort
heyhav
efl
usy
mpt
omssuchascoughi
ng,
sneezi
ng,
andf
everort
heyt
aki
ngcar
eoft
hei
l
lper
son(
Kaur
,2020)
.Howev
er,
somepeopl
edi
dnotf
oll
ow t
hisi
nst
ruct
ionwhi
chl
eadst
oashor
tageof
suppl
yoff
acemasks.

A st
udyconduct
edbyBhagav
athul
a,Al
dhal
eer
,Rahmani
,Mahabadi&
Bandar
i,(
2020)t
her
eissi
gni
fi
cantknowl
edgegapsbet
weent
heamountof
i
nfor
mat
ionav
ail
abl
eaboutCOVI
D-19andt
hedept
hofknowl
edgeamong
heal
thcar
e wor
ker
s,par
ti
cul
arl
y about t
he mode of t
ransmi
ssi
on and
i
ncubat
ionper
iodofCOVI
D-19.Addi
ti
onal
l
y,manyal
l
iedheal
thwor
ker
shad
i
naccur
ateknowl
edget
hatCOVI
D-19canbet
reat
edwi
thant
ivi
ral
sandt
hat
t
her
eisav
acci
ne av
ail
abl
e.Thi
sis unf
ort
unat
e because t
he sur
ge of
COVI
D-19 i
s gl
obal
l
ydev
ast
ati
ng,and a l
arge numberofr
esour
ces ar
e
pr
ovi
ded by heal
thcar
e aut
hor
it
ies t
o educat
e Heal
thcar
e Wor
ker
s and
i
mpr
ovet
hei
rknowl
edgeaboutCOVI
D-19.
Thus,t
hisr
esear
chpur
posei
stost
udymor
eregar
dingt
heawar
enessof
t
he Menggat
al r
esi
dent t
owar
ds t
his pandemi
c. Do t
hey f
oll
ow t
he
gov
ernmentandMi
nist
ryofHeal
thi
nst
ruct
ion?Dot
heypr
act
icegoodhy
giene
t
o combatt
hisv
irus?I
sther
e anyassoci
ati
on bet
ween awar
eness and
pr
act
ice?So,t
hisr
esear
chi
stost
udyandf
indmor
eaboutt
heawar
eness
amongMenggat
alr
esi
dent
sdur
ingt
hispandemi
csessi
on.

1.
3TYPESOFRESEARCH
Thi
sst
udyi
squant
it
ati
ver
esear
ch.Ther
ear
especi
fi
cvar
iabl
esi
nthi
s
st
udy
.Thi
sst
udyr
equi
redmor
ethan30sampl
es,usedquest
ionnai
resanda
Li
ker
tscal
etocol
l
ectt
hedat
a.Thedat
acol
l
ecti
sbasedonnumber
sand
st
ati
sti
cs.Ther
esear
chobj
ect
ivei
stodescr
ibe,
expl
ain,
andpr
edi
ctbasedon
t
hedat
acol
l
ect
ed.Ther
esul
toft
hisst
udyi
spr
oject
abl
eov
ert
hepopul
ati
on
base.

1.
4SCOPEOFSTUDY
Thi
sst
udyi
sfocusi
ngont
hel
evelofawar
enessofMenggat
alr
esi
dent
s
on t
hepandemi
c.Thepandemi
cdi
seasei
nthi
sst
udyi
sCOVI
D-19.The
Menggat
alr
esi
dent
sar
econsi
stofpeopl
ewhoar
eli
vi
ngi
nSr
iMaj
uand
TamanKual
aMenggat
al.Thi
sst
udyi
sfocusi
ngdur
ingt
heMov
ementCont
rol
Or
deri
ssuedbyt
hegov
ernmentofMal
aysi
aagai
nstCOVI
D-19

1.
5SI
GNI
FICANTOFSTUDY
1. Thi
sresear
ch wi
l
lgi
vei
nfor
mat
ion aboutt
he awar
enessl
evelof
Menggat
alResi
dent
sint
hepandemi
cdi
sease.

2. Thi
sresear
chwi
l
lgi
vei
nfor
mat
ionaboutt
hel
eveloft
heMenggat
al
Resi
dent
s'pr
act
icemeasur
eagai
nstapandemi
cdi
sease.

3. Thi
sresear
ch coul
d be t
he academi
cref
erence used t
ofur
ther
enhancet
heheal
thser
vicesandmanagementofpandemi
cdi
seasei
n
t
hef
utur
e.
 CASESTUDY2
2.
0RESEARCHQUESTI
ON
Thef
oll
owi
ng r
esear
chquest
ionsar
edev
eloped t
o under
stand bet
ter
aboutt
heMenggat
al’
sresi
dent
s’per
spect
ivet
owar
dspandemi
cawar
eness.
1. Whati
sthel
evelofcompl
i
anceoft
her
esi
dent
sofMenggat
ali
n
f
oll
owi
ngt
hegov
ernmentandMi
nist
ryofHeal
thi
nst
ruct
ion?
2. Whatar
ethe l
evelofpr
act
ice good hy
giene oft
he r
esi
dent
sof
Menggat
alt
ocombatt
hisv
irus?
3. I
sther
eanyassoci
ati
onbet
weenawar
enessandpr
act
ice?

2.
1RESEARCHOBJECTI
VE
Thi
sresear
chhast
hreeobj
ect
ives,
asf
oll
ows.

a) Todet
ermi
net
hel
evelofcompl
i
anceoft
her
esi
dent
sofMenggat
ali
n
f
oll
owi
ngt
hegov
ernmentandMi
nist
ryofHeal
thi
nst
ruct
ion.
b) Tomeasur
ethel
evelofpr
act
icegoodhy
gieneoft
her
esi
dent
sof
Menggat
al t
ocombatt
hisv
irus
c) Toi
dent
if
ytheassoci
ati
onbet
weenawar
enessandpr
act
ice.

2.
2LI
TERATUREREVI
EW
Numer
ous st
udi
es hav
e at
tempt
ed t
o expl
aint
he pandemi
c di
sease
awar
enesssuchasH1N1hasbeendonei
nmanycount
ri
esf
ori
nst
anceSaudi
Ar
abi
a,Si
ngapor
e,I
ndi
a,andNepal
.Wor
ldHeal
thOr
gani
zat
ion(
WHO)on11
June2009hasr
aisedi
tsal
ertl
evelt
ophase6whi
chmeanst
hepandemi
c
di
seaseH1N1hasi
nfect
edmor
etwocont
inent
s.Thi
spandemi
cdi
seasehas
causedmor
ethan18,
172deat
hsov
er214count
ri
esi
nJune2010.Now,
ther
e
i
sanewl
yemer
gingpandemi
cdi
seasecal
l
edCOVI
D-19.I
nthi
sst
udy
,sev
eral
f
act
orswi
l
lbedi
scussedwhi
char
ecompl
i
ance,awar
eness,andpr
act
ice.We
al
sor
evi
ewt
hel
evel
ofawar
eness, andpr
act
icebet
weenMal
aysi
aandot
her
count
ri
es.

Compl
iance
 Compl
i
anceasdef
inedbyCambr
idgeDi
cti
onar
y(n.
d)i
stheactofobey
ing
anor
der
,rul
e,orr
equest
.Accor
dingt
oMuhamad(
2020)
,thegov
ernmentwi
l
l
nott
oler
ateanyi
ndi
vi
dual
swhov
iol
atet
heMov
ementCont
rolOr
der(
MCO)
wher
etheywi
l
lbebr
oughtbef
oret
hecour
ts.Muhamad added t
hatt
he
cumul
ati
vear
rest
swer
e11,
017i
ndi
vi
dual
swher
eat
otalof312i
ndi
vi
dual
s
hav
ebeeni
ndi
ctedi
ncour
t.

Besi
des,Omar(
2020)st
atedt
hatAbdulHaf
izwassent
encedj
ail
edf
or
t
woweeksf
orv
iol
ati
ngMCO.Thi
sisbecauseAbdulHaf
izhasv
iol
atedt
he
MCO bydr
ivi
ngwi
thoutanyr
easonabl
ereasonexceptescapi
ngf
rom t
he
pol
i
cepat
rol
.Magi
str
ateNoorMazr
ini
eMahmoodsent
enceAbdulHaf
izgui
l
ty
af
tert
hedef
endantadmi
tgui
l
ty.Abdul
Haf
izwasal
sof
inedRM500andadded
t
womor
eweeksi
njai
li
ffai
l
uret
opayt
hef
ine.

Accor
dingt
oBer
it
aHar
ian(
2020)
,thel
evelofcompl
i
anceoft
heci
ti
zen
andunder
standi
ngt
her
easonf
orMCOi
shi
gh.Ber
it
aHar
ianci
tedDat
ukSer
i
I
smai
lSabr
isai
dthatt
heywer
eexpect
inghect
ichappeni
ngt
hef
ir
stdayoft
he
Condi
ti
onalMov
ementCont
rolOr
derhowev
erwhenDat
ukSer
iIsmai
lSabr
i
wal
konhi
sownt
oseesev
eralshoppi
ngdi
str
ict
sint
hecapi
talci
tyandf
ound
outt
hatt
hesi
tuat
ioni
sundercont
rol
.Dat
ukSer
iIsmai
lSabr
iaddedt
hat
Mal
aysi
anci
ti
zenscancont
rolt
hemsel
vest
obedi
sci
pli
nedandcompl
ywi
th
t
heSt
andar
dOper
ati
onPr
ocedur
e(SOP)
.

Fur
ther
mor
e,Bahaudi
n(2020)ci
tedDat
ukSer
iIsmai
lSabr
iYaakobsai
d
t
hatt
henumberofv
ehi
clesi
nspect
edshowst
hatsomeoft
hepeopl
ehav
e
f
ail
edt
ocompl
ywi
tht
hegov
ernment
’sbanongoi
ngoutoft
hehouse.Dat
uk
Ser
iIsmai
lSabr
iYaakob added t
hatanot
heror
derofsoci
aldi
stanci
ng
one-
met
eri
sst
il
lunsuccessf
ull
ycompi
l
edbymanypeopl
e.

Rosl
an(
2020)ci
tedDat
ukSer
iIsmai
lSabr
iYaakobsai
dthatev
ent
hough
t
hePol
i
cef
oundoutt
hatt
her
ateofcompl
i
ancei
s90per
cent
,howev
er,t
he
r
emai
ning10per
centst
il
lgoi
ngoutwhi
char
etakenser
iousl
yast
henumber
i
shugei
ftakeni
ntoconsi
der
ati
ont
het
otalpopul
ati
onoft
hiscount
rywhi
chi
s
mor
ethan31mi
l
li
onpeopl
e.Dat
ukSer
iIsmai
lSabr
iYaakobaddedt
hatt
hey
f
oundoutt
hatt
her
ear
eal
otofpeopl
ecr
owdi
ngt
hemor
ningmar
ketwhi
ch
makest
hemi
ssi
onofMCOf
ail
ed.

Asst
atedbyHamsuddi
n(2020)
,si
xindi
vi
dual
swer
ecompoundeach
RM1,
000af
terv
iol
ati
ngMCOi
nacr
owdwhengoi
ngt
oasuper
mar
ket
.Di
str
ict
Chi
efPol
i
ceSabakBer
nam,Super
int
endentAgusSal
i
m MohdAl
i
as,sai
dthat
si
xindi
vi
dual
swer
emadeupwi
thf
ivewomenandonemanwi
tht
heage
bet
ween19unt
il48y
ear
sol
d,ar
rest
edbyapol
i
ceof
fi
cerat12.
45noon.Thei
r
of
fensei
svi
olat
ingt
heenf
orcementor
derwhenent
eri
ngasuper
mar
ketasi
f
t
heywer
eaf
ami
l
y,apar
tfr
om keepi
ngt
hesoci
aldi
stance.

Thesesev
eralnewsar
ti
cles,pr
ovi
det
hepr
ooft
hatt
her
ear
esomeoft
he
Mal
aysi
anpeopl
ewhodi
dnotcompl
ywi
tht
hegov
ernmentandMi
nist
ryof
Heal
thi
nst
ruct
ion.Ther
efor
e,ar
iset
hequest
ionofwhet
hert
hepeopl
ein
Menggat
alcompl
ywi
tht
hegov
ernmentandMi
nist
ryofHeal
thi
nst
ruct
ion.

Awar
eness
Awar
eness can be def
ined as hav
ing t
he sur
face under
standi
ng of
pandemi
cdi
seasef
orexampl
esy
mpt
oms.Baseont
her
esear
cher
'sr
evi
ewof
pr
evi
ousl
i
ter
atur
e,ast
udyconduct
edbyBal
khyet
.al
,(2010)i
nSaudi
,found
outt
hat44%ofpar
ti
cipant
shadl
owawar
enessaboutt
hepandemi
cdi
sease
H1N1.
Al
so,ast
udyconduct
edbyDay
anand&Rana(
2015)i
nNepal
,foundout
t
hatar
ound65% oft
her
espondentgoti
nfor
mat
ionaboutSwi
nef
luf
rom
massmedi
a.Howev
er,
onl
yar
ound23%knewt
hecauseofswi
nef
lu,
and93%
unawar
eofmedi
ci
net
otr
eatSwi
nef
lu.

Fur
ther
mor
e,accor
dingt
oast
udyconduct
edbyKar
num et
.al
,(2014)
,in
t
he ur
ban communi
tyofKar
nat
aka,I
ndi
a,f
ound outt
hat73.
6% oft
he
par
ti
cipanthear
dofSwi
nef
luandawar
ethati
tisadi
seaseent
it
y.Ar
ound
40%oft
hepar
ti
ci
pantwasaf
rai
dofswi
nef
lubecausei
tisadeadl
ydi
sease
and97.
8% oft
hem wer
ereadyt
otaket
hei
rfami
l
ymember
s,f
ri
ends,and
suf
fer
erst
othenear
byhospi
tal
.Anot
herst
udyconduct
edbyKumaret
.al
,
(
2015)i
nther
uralcommuni
tyofNor
thKar
nat
aka,
Indi
a,f
oundoutt
hat79.
6%
oft
hepar
ti
cipanthear
dofSwi
nef
luandawar
ethati
tisadi
seaseent
it
y.The
par
ti
cipantt
hataf
rai
dofswi
nef
lubecausei
tisadeadl
ydi
seasewasupt
o
73.
6%.Pl
us,32.
7% oft
hepar
ti
cipant
'mostcommonsour
ceofi
nfor
mat
ion
wasTel
emedi
aand92.
5%wer
ereadyt
otaket
hei
rfami
l
ymember
s,f
ri
ends,
andsuf
fer
erst
othenear
byhospi
tal
.

Meanwhi
l
einMal
aysi
a,accor
dingt
oRohay
aMohd-
Nor(
2013)f
oundout
t
hemaj
ori
tyoft
her
espondent
srecogni
zedt
hatt
hev
irusi
sacausat
iveagent
i
nH1N1i
nfl
uenzaandaccept
edt
hati
tisani
nfect
iousdi
sease.I
tisi
mpor
tant
t
onot
icet
hatt
hemaj
ori
tyofr
espondent
sdi
dnotr
ecogni
ze(
35%)oraccept
(
52%)t
hati
mmunodef
ici
encycoul
dcauseH1N1i
nfl
uenza.I
ncompar
ison,
onl
y56 % ofr
espondent
s(outof107)accept
ed t
hatH1N1 wasnota
her
edi
tar
ydi
sor
der
.Manyoft
her
espondent
saccept
edt
hatH1N1hassi
gns
cl
oset
othatofnor
mali
nfl
uenzawhi
chcant
ri
ggerdeat
htoanaf
fect
ed
i
ndi
vi
dual
.Nev
ert
hel
ess,
mostoft
her
espondent
swer
eunsur
eifpeopl
emi
ght
beaf
fect
edbyi
nter
act
ionwi
thpi
gsandani
mal
sot
hert
hanpi
gs,andwer
e
ev
enunsur
eifconsumi
ngpor
kmi
ghthar
m any
one.Besi
des,mostoft
he
r
espondent
sthoughtt
hatH1N1coul
dbecur
edbyav
acci
ne.Mor
eov
er,v
ery
f
ewt
houghtt
hatH1N1coul
dinf
ectpeopl
emor
ethanoncei
nthei
rli
ves.Pl
us,
i
tisv
eryt
roubl
i
ngt
onot
ethatt
hepl
ural
i
tyofsur
veyr
espondent
sdi
dnot
r
eal
i
zewhet
herornotH1N1wast
ransmi
tt
edbydr
opl
etsaf
tercoughi
ngor
sneezi
ng.Mostoft
hem accept
ed,howev
er,t
hatH1N1maybespr
eadby
cont
act
ingani
nfect
edi
ndi
vi
dualorut
il
izi
ngi
temsusedbyani
nfect
edper
son.
Al
otofr
espondent
sal
sower
eunsur
ewhet
hersexuali
nter
cour
secanspr
ead
H1N1ornot
.Thesest
udi
esshowt
hatt
hepubl
i
chasal
owl
evelofawar
eness
r
egar
dingpandemi
cdi
seaseH1N1andwi
l
lpr
oducel
ow pr
act
icet
opr
event
i
nfect
iont
husi
ncr
easet
het
hreatoft
hespr
eadoft
hepandemi
cdi
seaseand
i
nfl
uencet
heact
ionoft
hepeopl
etowar
dspandemi
cdi
seasewhet
hert
hey
l
i
vei
ntheur
banar
eaorr
ural
area.
 Pr
act
ice
The pr
act
ice i
sthe act
ion of t
aki
ng pr
event
ive measur
es agai
nst
pandemi
cdi
seasef
ori
nst
ancehandwashi
ng.Accor
dingt
oast
udyconduct
ed
byBal
khyet
.al
,(2010)i
nSaudi
,foundoutt
hat57.
7% ofpar
ti
cipant
swash
t
hei
rhandsf
requent
ly,
and56.
2%usef
acemaskwheni
ncr
owdedar
eas.Pl
us,
36.
6%av
oidt
ouchi
ngt
hei
rmout
h,ey
es,
ornose,
and38%cov
eredt
hei
rmout
h
andnosewi
that
issuewhensneezi
ngorcoughi
ngbutonl
y26.
9%t
hrowt
he
usedt
issuei
ntot
het
rashaf
terbei
ngused.Howev
er,60.
8% ofpar
ti
cipant
s
ei
thernott
aki
nganypr
ecaut
ion,ort
aki
ngmi
nimalormi
l
dpr
ecaut
ionst
o
pr
eventi
nfect
ion,
wit
honl
y17.
2%whohav
eahi
ghl
evel
ofpr
ecaut
ions.
Besi
des,accor
dingt
oast
udyconduct
edbyKar
num et
.al
,(2014)
,int
he
ur
bancommuni
tyofKar
nat
aka,I
ndi
a,f
oundoutt
hat92.
4% ofpar
ti
cipant
s
pr
act
icewashi
nghands,and66.
3%usef
acemask.Howev
er,onl
y33.
2%and
32.
1%r
espect
ivel
ypr
act
iceav
oidi
ngt
ouchi
ngt
hei
rnoseandmout
handav
oid
goi
ngt
ocr
owdedpl
aces.Anot
herst
udyconduct
edbyKumaret
.al
,(2015)i
n
t
he r
uralcommuni
tyofNor
th Kar
nat
aka,I
ndi
a,f
ound outt
hat57.
3% of
par
ti
cipant
shav
ewashedt
hei
rhandpr
act
iceand37.
2%usef
acemask.Pl
us,
43.
25av
oidput
ti
ngt
hei
rhandsont
hei
rmout
handnosewhi
l
e30.
2% av
oid
pl
acest
hatar
ecr
owed.

Meanwhi
l
e,based on pastr
esear
ch conduct
ed i
n Neger
iSembi
l
an,
Mal
aysi
a,r
espondent
s'pr
act
icesi
nter
msofhy
gieni
cpr
act
icesai
med at
pr
event
ingorpr
event
ingt
hespr
eadofi
nfl
uenzaA(
H1N1)
.Mor
ethan80%of
t
her
espondent
shadagoodcoughandsneezel
abel
.Respondent
sindi
cat
ed
t
hatt
heycov
eredt
hei
rmout
hswhi
l
ecoughi
ngandsneezi
ng(
88.
9%)usi
ng
t
issuesorhandker
chi
ef(
85.
8%)andt
heydi
sposedoft
het
issuespr
oper
lyi
na
wast
ebi
n(88.
9%)
.Mostoft
her
espondent
scl
aimedt
hatt
heydi
dnotspi
tin
publ
i
car
eas(
91.
2%)andt
urnedt
hei
rfacesawayf
rom ot
her
swhent
hey
coughed orsneezed (
91.
2%)
.Hi
gh per
cent
ages ofr
espondent
srepor
ted
washi
ngt
hei
rhandswi
thsoap(
93.
8%)bef
oreeat
ing(
98.
7%)andaf
tergoi
ng
t
othe t
oil
et(
98.
7%)
.Sl
i
ght
lyl
owerper
cent
ages ofr
espondent
s(81.
9%)
washedt
hei
rhandsaf
tercov
eri
ngt
hei
rnoseandmout
hwhi
l
esneezi
ng.Onl
y
(
35.
8%)
oft
he r
espondent
s sai
dthatt
hey had adopt
ed and exer
cised
adequat
ehandwashi
ng st
epsassuggest
ed byt
heMal
aysi
anMi
nist
ryof
Heal
th.r
espondent
s'pr
act
ices on sel
f-
car
e and saf
ety measur
es dur
ing
pandemi
cInf
luenzaA(
H1N1)
.Theuseoff
aci
almaskswasmoder
ate,wi
th
(
76.
5%)ofr
espondent
susi
ngf
aci
almasksdur
ingt
hepandemi
candensur
ing
t
hatt
hei
rfaci
almaskswer
epr
oper
lyf
it
tedandcov
eredi
nthei
rmout
hand
nose(
75.
2%)
.Appr
oxi
mat
ely74.
3%weart
hef
acemaskr
ecommendedbyt
he
Mi
nist
ryofHeal
thdur
ingt
hepandemi
c.Mor
ethanhal
fofr
espondent
s(54.
0%)
used f
acemaskswhent
heyhad sy
mpt
omsofi
nfl
uenza,but(
40.
3%)of
r
espondent
sadmi
tt
edt
hatt
heyhadr
eusedt
hei
rfacemaskmor
ethanonce.
Respondent
s'soci
aldi
stancepr
act
iceswer
egener
all
ygood.Mostoft
he
r
espondent
sav
oidedgoi
ng(
88.
9%)orbr
ingi
ngt
hei
rchi
l
dtocr
owdedpl
aces
l
i
keshoppi
ngar
eas(
83.
2%)needl
essl
y.I
fther
espondent
sneededt
obei
na
cr
owdedar
ea,onl
y64.
6per
centoft
her
espondent
sandonl
y30.
1per
centof
t
her
espondent
sappl
i
edhandsani
ti
zer
swhennecessar
ywast
otakesaf
ety
measur
esi
nter
msofwear
ing af
acemask.Asf
orsel
f-
heal
thcar
e,t
he
maj
ori
tyofr
espondent
sdr
ankpl
ent
yofwat
erf
orhy
drat
ion (
77.
0%)and
av
oided shar
ing a f
ork and a spoon whi
l
e eat
ing (
79%)
.Just37.
2% of
r
espondent
shad t
he oppor
tuni
tyt
o obt
ain suppl
ement
aryand i
mpor
tant
det
ail
sonI
nfl
uenzaA(
H1N1)ot
hert
hant
hatof
fer
edbyt
heAut
hor
it
ies.Just
36.
7% ofr
espondent
susedf
oodaddi
ti
vesdur
ingt
hepandemi
cpr
ocess.A
v
eryl
argepr
opor
ti
onofr
espondent
s(68.
6%)di
dnotexer
cisehandwashi
ng
af
tershaki
nghandswi
thot
her
s(ARZai
ri
na,
2011)
.Thesepastst
udi
esshow
peopl
est
il
ldi
dnotpr
act
icet
hepr
event
ionact
ionpr
oper
lyandaccor
dingt
o
t
he Mi
nist
ryofHeal
th adv
ice.Thi
s al
so shows t
hata per
son who has
awar
enessdoesnotmeant
hatper
sonwi
l
lhav
egoodpr
act
icemeasur
es.

Thesepastr
esear
chesshowt
hatt
her
eisal
ackofawar
enessr
egar
ding
pandemi
cdi
seaseH1N1andpr
act
iceei
theri
ntheur
banar
eaorr
uralar
ea.
Pl
us,t
her
eisani
ssueofcompl
i
ancewi
thgov
ernmenti
nst
ruct
ion.Howev
er,
t
her
eisnost
udyonpandemi
cawar
enessamongMenggat
alr
esi
dent
sei
ther
f
ocusi
ngonH1N1orCOVI
D-19.Al
so,t
her
eisno st
udyi
nMenggat
alt
o
measur
ethei
rlev
elofcompl
i
ancet
owar
dst
hegov
ernmentorMi
nist
ryof
Heal
thi
nst
ruct
ion.Thus,
thi
sst
udyai
mst
oinv
est
igat
ethel
evel
ofcompl
i
ance
oft
her
esi
dent
sofMenggat
ali
nfol
l
owi
ngt
hegov
ernmentandMi
nist
ryof
Heal
thi
nst
ruct
ion,t
hel
evelofpr
act
icegoodhy
gieneandt
heassoci
ati
on
bet
weenawar
enessandpr
act
ice

2.
3CONCEPTUALFRAMEWORK
Basedont
hel
i
ter
atur
erev
iewandunder
standi
ngt
hef
act
orsofpandemi
c
awar
enessamongt
hepubl
i
c,t
heconcept
ualf
ramewor
kisdev
eloped.Thi
sis
t
oident
if
yther
elat
ionshi
pbet
weenv
ari
abl
es.Pl
us,t
hisr
efl
ect
sther
esear
ch
obj
ect
ivesoft
hest
udy
.Theconcept
ualf
ramewor
kandr
esear
chobj
ect
ives
ar
erel
ated.Theconcept
ualf
ramewor
kpur
posesv
ari
abl
est
hatr
elat
edt
othe
f
act
ors ofpandemi
c awar
eness among Menggat
alr
esi
dent
s whi
ch ar
e
awar
eness,
compl
i
ance,
andpr
act
ice.

Fi
gur
e2.
3.1:
Concept
ualFr
amewor
k:Fact
orsofPandemi
cAwar
enessamongMenggat
al
Resi
dent
s

Var
iabl
es
I
ndependent Dependent

Awar
eness

Pr
act
ice
Compl
i
ance

2.
1 Concept
ualFr
amewor
kDef
ini
ti
on
Thi
ssect
ionexpl
ainst
hedef
ini
ti
onoft
heconcept
ualf
ramewor
kvar
iabl
es
usedi
nthi
sst
udy
.
2.
1.1 Awar
eness
Thi
sisani
ndependentv
ari
abl
ethatcani
nfl
uencet
hedependabl
evar
iabl
e.
Thi
sst
udywant
stoi
dent
if
ytheassoci
ati
onbet
weenawar
enessandpr
act
ice.
2.
1.2 Compl
i
ance
Compl
i
ancei
sconsi
der
edani
ndependentv
ari
abl
ebecauset
hisact
iont
aken
f
rom t
her
espondent
.Thi
sst
udywant
stot
hel
evelofcompl
i
anceoft
he
r
esi
dent
sofMenggat
ali
nfol
l
owi
ngt
hegov
ernmentandMi
nist
ryofHeal
th
i
nst
ruct
ion
2.
1.3 Pr
act
ice
Thepr
act
icei
sadependentv
ari
abl
ethati
sinf
luencedbyt
hei
ndependent
v
ari
abl
est
hatcanchanget
heper
cept
ionoft
her
espondent
s.Thei
ndependent
v
ari
abl
esar
ecompl
i
anceandawar
eness.
 CASESTUDY3
I
NTRODUCTI
ON
Thest
udy
'sr
esear
chmet
hodol
ogyappl
i
edwi
l
lbepr
esenti
nthi
schapt
er.
Al
so,r
esear
ch desi
gn,popul
ati
on,uni
tofanal
ysi
s,sampl
i
ng t
echni
ques,
sampl
i
ngsi
ze,
dat
acol
l
ect
ionmet
hod,
anddat
aanal
ysi
swi
l
lbei
nthi
schapt
er.

RESEARCHDESI
GN
I
nthi
sst
udy
,toachi
evet
heobj
ect
ives,
acr
oss-
sect
ionaldesi
gnt
hatuses
aquant
it
ati
vemet
hodwi
l
lbeused.Acr
oss-
sect
ionalsur
veyi
saone-
ti
me
dat
acol
l
ect
ion.Thi
sisbecauset
hedat
acol
l
ect
ionwi
l
lbecol
l
ect
edata
par
ti
cul
art
imet
oansweral
loft
her
esear
chobj
ect
ivesquest
ions.Al
so,a
quant
it
ati
ver
esear
chmet
hodwi
l
lbeusedi
nthi
sst
udywhi
chf
ocusesont
he
pr
imar
ydat
afr
om asur
veyi
nvol
vi
ngawi
denumberofsampl
esofr
esi
dent
s
whol
i
vei
ntheMenggat
alar
ea.

POPULATI
ON
Thet
argetar
easoft
hest
udyar
eSr
iMaj
uandTamanKual
aMenggat
ali
n
Menggat
al.Menggat
alar
eai
sundert
hej
uri
sdi
cti
onofKot
aKi
nabal
u.Kot
a
Ki
nabal
u hasa popul
ati
on of290,
000 accor
ding t
o Jabat
an Per
angkaan
Mal
aysi
a(2019)
.Ther
eisnocl
eari
ndi
cat
ionoft
hepopul
ati
onofpeopl
ein
Menggat
ali
nthest
ati
sti
csmadebyt
hegov
ernmentwhi
chi
sopent
othe
publ
i
c.Thepopul
ati
onofpeopl
einMenggat
alwasaddedupt
othepopul
ati
on
ofKot
aKi
nabal
u.Ther
eisnoopenr
ecor
doft
hepopul
ati
oni
nSr
iMaj
uand
TamanKual
aMenggat
al.Ther
efor
e,t
hepopul
ati
onoft
hisst
udyi
sunknown.
Howev
er,t
odot
hisr
esear
ch,t
her
ulesoft
humbar
eusedt
oaddr
esst
he
pr
obl
em ofsampl
esi
ze(
Roscoe,
1975asci
tedi
nHi
l
l,1998)
.

UNI
TOFANALYSI
S
Thi
sst
udyi
stof
indt
hel
evelofcompl
i
ancewi
tht
hegov
ernmentand
Mi
nist
ryofHeal
thi
nst
ruct
ion,l
evelofpr
act
icegoodhy
gieneoft
her
esi
dent
s
ofMenggat
alt
ocombatt
hisv
irusandt
heassoci
ati
onofawar
enessand
pr
act
ice t
hus t
he uni
tofanal
ysi
sist
he i
ndi
vi
dual
,whi
ch r
efer
stot
he
r
esi
dent
swhol
i
vei
nMenggat
alar
ea.

SAMPLI
NGTECHNI
QUES
Ther
ear
etwot
ypesofsampl
i
ngmet
hodswhi
char
epr
obabi
l
itysampl
i
ng
andnon-
probabi
l
itysampl
i
ng.
Pr
obabi
l
itysampl
i
ngi
nvol
vesr
andom sel
ect
ionwhi
chal
l
owst
hisst
udyt
o
makest
ati
sti
cali
nfer
encesaboutt
hewhol
egr
oupofsampl
es.Pr
obabi
l
ity
sampl
i
ngi
sbestt
orepr
esentt
hewhol
epopul
ati
on.
Non-
probabi
l
ity sampl
i
ng i
nvol
ves non-
random sel
ect
ion based on
conv
eni
enceorot
hercr
it
eri
awhi
chal
l
ow t
hisst
udyt
oeasi
l
ycol
l
ecti
nit
ial
dat
a. Non-
probabi
l
ity sampl
i
ng t
echni
ques ar
e of
ten appr
opr
iat
e f
or
expl
orat
oryandqual
i
tat
iver
esear
ch.
Ther
ear
efourmai
nty
pesofpr
obabi
l
itysampl
i
ngt
echni
queswhi
char
e
si
mpl
erandom sampl
e,st
rat
if
iedsampl
e,sy
stemat
icsampl
e,andcl
ust
er
sampl
e.
I
nthi
sst
udy
,acl
ust
ersampl
ewi
l
lbeappl
i
ed.Cl
ust
ersampl
i
ngi
nvol
ves
di
vi
dingt
hepopul
ati
oni
ntosubgr
oups,
buteachsubgr
oupshoul
dhav
esi
mil
ar
char
act
eri
sti
cst
othewhol
esampl
e.Thepopul
ati
onoft
hisst
udyi
sdi
vi
ded
i
ntot
wosubgr
oupswhi
char
eresi
dent
sofSr
iMaj
uandr
esi
dent
sofTaman
Kual
aMenggat
al.Theset
wosubgr
oupshav
eal
argenumberpopul
ati
ont
hus
anot
hersampl
i
ngt
echni
quecanbeappl
i
ed.Thesampl
i
ngf
rameoft
hest
udy
i
sal
ldat
aoft
her
esi
dent
swhol
i
vei
nSr
iMaj
uandTamanKual
aMenggat
al.
Thef
ourt
ypesofnon-
probabi
l
itysampl
i
ngt
echni
quesar
econv
eni
ence
sampl
e,pur
posi
vesampl
e,v
olunt
aryr
esponsesampl
e,andsnowbal
lsampl
e.
I
nthi
sst
udy
,asnowbal
lsampl
ewi
l
lbeappl
i
ed.TheSnowbal
lsampl
i
ng
t
echni
quei
swher
ether
esear
ch'
srespondent
swi
l
lrecr
uitot
herr
espondent
s
f
orast
udy
.Thi
sisbecauset
hepopul
ati
on i
shar
dto gat
herdat
athus
snowbal
lsampl
i
ngcanbeusedt
orecr
uitr
espondent
svi
aot
herr
espondent
s.
Thi
sst
udyappl
i
edt
heCl
ust
ersampl
i
ngt
echni
queandSnowbal
lsampl
i
ng
t
echni
quebecauset
hisr
esear
cht
akesi
ntoconsi
der
ati
ont
het
otalpopul
ati
on
oft
het
argetar
easandt
hemet
hodofhow t
hissur
veywi
l
lbedi
str
ibut
edt
o
t
her
espondent
.Thi
sst
udyt
aki
ngi
ntoconsi
der
ati
ont
hatt
her
esear
cher
s
cannotdi
rect
ly go i
ntot
hese t
argetar
eas t
o meetdi
rect
ly wi
tht
he
r
espondent
sto di
str
ibut
ethe quest
ionnai
ref
ace-
to-
face.Ther
efor
e,t
he
al
ter
nat
ivei
stosur
veyanonl
i
nef
orm.Howev
er,t
hechal
l
engei
showt
oget
t
hecor
rectr
espondent
sfort
hest
udy
.Thus,i
tisdeci
dedt
hatt
hesnowbal
l
sampl
i
ngt
echni
quet
obeappl
i
edt
oensur
ethatt
hest
udycanachi
evet
he
r
esear
chobj
ect
ives.

SAMPLI
NGSI
ZE
I
nthi
sst
udy
,thet
otalpopul
ati
onoft
heMenggat
alr
esi
dent
sar
eacannot
beacqui
red.Menggat
alar
eai
sundert
hej
uri
sdi
cti
onofKot
aKi
nabal
uwi
tht
he
t
otalnumberofpopul
ati
on290,
000(
Jabat
anPer
angkaanMal
aysi
a,2019)
.
Thus,t
her
uleoft
humbi
susedt
oaddr
esst
hepr
obl
em ofsampl
esi
ze
(
Roscoe,
1975asci
tedi
nHi
l
l,1998)
.Accor
dingt
oRoscoe,
thesampl
esi
zef
or
anunknownpopul
ati
oni
s30t
o500. Thesampl
eof500wi
l
lassur
est
hat
t
he sampl
i
ng er
rorwi
l
lnotexceed 10% oft
he st
andar
d dev
iat
ion.I
tis
r
ecommendedt
hatt
hesampl
esi
zei
s10% oft
hesi
zeoft
hepopul
ati
on.
Hence,t
hesampl
esi
zeshoul
dbear
ound30whent
hesi
zeoft
hepopul
ati
on
i
s300.

I
nthi
sst
udy
,iti
sassumedt
hateacht
arget
edar
eahas1000popul
ati
on.
Thet
humbr
ulehasami
nimum sampl
eof30andamaxi
mum sampl
eof500.
Ther
efor
e,t
hest
udydeci
dest
ochoosebet
ween30and500. Hence,t
his
st
udychoosest
hesampl
esi
zeofeachar
eai
s100basedont
he10%si
zeof
t
hepopul
ati
onassumed.Thus,
thet
otal
numberofsampl
esi
s200.

CONCEPTUALI
ZATI
ONANDMEASUREMENT
Thi
sresear
chst
udyt
heawar
enessoft
heMenggat
alr
esi
dent
sabout
Pandemi
cdi
seaseCOVI
D-19andhow dept
hthei
rawar
enessr
egar
dingt
his
di
seaseandcompl
i
ancet
owar
dst
hegov
ernmentandt
heMi
nist
ryofHeal
th.
Al
so,t
hepr
act
iceagai
nstCOVI
D-19i
sst
udi
edt
ofi
ndt
heassoci
ati
onof
pr
act
iceandawar
eness.Tor
ecei
vet
hedat
afr
om t
her
espondentwhol
i
vei
n
t
het
arget
edar
eas,
asetofquest
ionnai
reswer
edev
elopedbasedont
hest
udy
v
ari
abl
es.

Thequest
ionnai
rei
sthest
udyi
nst
rumentwhi
chconsi
stsofaser
iesof
quest
ionst
ogat
heri
nfor
mat
ionf
rom t
her
espondent
.Iti
sasetoff
ormal
i
zed
quest
ionst
oobt
aini
nfor
mat
ionf
rom t
her
espondent
s.Thequest
ionnai
ref
or
t
hisst
udywi
l
lbedev
elopeddual
-l
anguage,cov
ersbot
hEngl
i
shandBahasa
Mal
aysi
alanguage.Thi
sisbecauset
hest
udymi
ghtencount
err
espondent
s
whoonl
yknowoneoft
hel
anguagest
hust
hedual
-l
anguage.

Thepr
oposedquest
ionnai
rewi
l
lcov
ersi
xsect
ions:
1.Sect
ionA:
Demogr
aphi
cDat
aofRespondent
2.Sect
ionB:
Sour
cesofi
nfor
mat
ionaboutCOVI
D-19
3.Sect
ionC:
Awar
enessaboutCOVI
D-19
4.Sect
ionD:Compl
i
ancewi
tht
heGov
ernmentandMi
nist
ryofHeal
th
i
nst
ruct
ion
5.Sect
ionE:
Concer
ningaboutCOVI
D-19
6.Sect
ionF:
Pract
icemeasur
esbyt
her
espondent
The st
udy measur
ementf
oreach v
ari
abl
e used i
nthi
sresear
ch i
s
expl
ainedi
nthef
oll
owi
ngsub-
sect
ion.

Demogr
aphi
cDat
aofRespondent
Thedemogr
aphi
cdat
aoft
her
espondentwi
l
lbecol
l
ect
edt
ounder
stand
t
her
espondent
'
sper
sonali
nfor
mat
ion.Thi
sper
sonali
nfor
mat
ioni
stakeni
nto
consi
der
ati
ont
ounder
standt
her
espondentandmakepr
esumpt
ionsbased
ont
hev
ari
abl
esoft
hest
udy
.Thesequest
ionsar
eadapt
edf
rom ast
udy
conduct
edbyMohd-
Noret
.al
,(2013)andKumaret
.al
,(2014)
.Mohd-
Noret
.
al
,conduct
ed a st
udy on communi
ty awar
eness and at
ti
tudes t
owar
ds
i
nfl
uenza out
break and pr
event
ion i
n Ser
ian,Sar
awak,t
he quest
ionnai
re
consi
stedoft
hreei
temst
ogat
heri
nfor
mat
ion.I
nthi
sst
udy
,ther
eisan
i
mpor
tanti
tem t
akeni
ntoconsi
der
ati
onwhi
chi
sthePov
ert
yLi
neI
ncome
(
PLI
).The PLIi
s desi
gned byt
he Mal
aysi
an Gov
ernmentt
o di
sti
ngui
sh
bet
weenpeopl
ewhoar
einpov
ert
yornott
ohel
pthem.Fur
ther
mor
e,Kumaret
.
al
,conduct
edast
udyonawar
enessr
egar
dingswi
nef
lu(
inf
luenzaAH1N1)
pandemi
cinanur
bancommuni
tyofKar
nat
aka,t
hequest
ionnai
rehassev
en
i
temst
ogat
heri
nfor
mat
ion.Thi
sst
udyhasawi
der
angeofaget
akeni
nto
consi
der
ati
on f
ort
he r
esear
ch.I
tis assumed t
hatt
he r
esi
dent
s oft
he
t
arget
edar
eawi
l
lhav
eageunder20y
ear
sol
dwher
ethest
udyconduct
edby
Mohd-
Nordi
dnotcov
er.Theansweri
nthi
squest
ionnai
rei
sst
rai
ghtf
orwar
d
ment
ioni
ngt
hei
rper
sonali
nfor
mat
ion.Thi
sst
udyadapt
edal
lit
emsf
rom t
he
pr
evi
ousr
esear
chandmodi
fi
edi
taccor
dingt
othev
ari
abl
esoft
hest
udy
.The
i
temsf
ort
hedemogr
aphi
cdat
aoft
her
espondentunderSect
ionAar
eas
f
oll
ows:

Tabl
e:Demogr
aphi
cdat
aofr
espondent
s.

1) Gender
:Mal
e / Femal
e

2) Age: 15-
25 / 26-
35 / 36-
45 / 46-
55 / 56-
65 / >66

3) Educat
ionSt
atus: Pr
imar
ySchool/ Secondar
ySchool/ Uni
ver
sit
y

4) Occupat
ion: St
udent
/ Wor
kingFul
lTi
me / Sel
fEmpl
oyed /

Housewi
fe/ Unempl
oyed/ Ot
her
s

5) Mar
it
alSt
atus:Si
ngl
e / Mar
ri
ed/ Ot
her
s(Wi
dow/
Div
orced)

6) Househol
dSi
ze: 1-
3per
sons/ 4-
8per
sons/ 9per
sonsandabov
e

7) Househol
dIncome:
Bel
owRM1,
180 / RM1,
180-
RM3,
999 /

RM4,
000andabov
e

Sour
cesofi
nfor
mat
ionaboutCOVI
D-19
The sour
ces of i
nfor
mat
ion about COVI
D-19 wi
l
lbe col
l
ect
ed t
o
under
standwher
ether
espondentgeti
nfor
mat
ionaboutCOVI
D-19.These
sour
cesofi
nfor
mat
ionar
etakeni
ntoconsi
der
ati
ont
ounder
standt
hev
ali
dit
y
ofi
nfor
mat
ion t
husconcl
udi
ng whet
hert
he r
espondentget
spr
operand
appr
opr
iat
einf
ormat
ionbasedonv
ari
abl
esoft
hest
udy
.Thesequest
ionsar
e
adapt
edf
rom ast
udyconduct
edbyMohd-
Noret
.al
,(2013)andKumaret
.al
,
(
2014)
.Theadj
ust
menthasbeenmadet
othequest
ionsot
hati
tcanbe
appl
i
edi
nthi
sst
udyt
ofi
gur
ether
esear
chobj
ect
ives.TheLi
ker
tScal
ewi
l
lbe
used ast
hemeasur
ementi
nthequest
ionnai
re(
1 -St
rongl
yDi
sagr
ee2-
Di
sagr
ee3-Mi
xedFeel
i
ng4-Agr
ee5-St
rongl
yAgr
ee)
.Thei
temsf
ort
he
sour
ceofi
nfor
mat
ionaboutCOVI
D-19underSect
ionBar
easf
oll
ows:

Tabl
e:Sour
ceofi
nfor
mat
ionaboutCOVI
D-19

Igeti
nfor
mat
ionaboutCOVI
D-19f
rom

3 Fami
l
y/cl
oser
elat
ives/
fri
ends/
nei
ghbour
:

4 Radi
o:

5 TV:

6 Newspaper
:

7 I
nter
netot
hergov
ernmentwebsi
tessuchast
hewebsi
teofMi
nist
ryof

Heal
th:

8 Mobi
l
eMessages:

*
Alli
tem wasmeasur
edbyf
ive-
poi
ntLi
kerScal
e,1-St
rongl
yDi
sagr
ee2-
Di
sagr
ee3-Mi
xedFeel
i
ng4-Agr
ee5-St
rongl
yAgr
ee.

Awar
enessaboutCOVI
D-19
Theawar
enessaboutCOVI
D-19wi
l
lbecol
l
ect
edt
ounder
standhowmuch
t
he r
espondent awar
e of COVI
D-19. Thi
s awar
eness i
s t
aken i
nto
consi
der
ati
ont
ounder
standwhet
hert
her
eisanassoci
ati
onbet
weent
he
r
espondent
'sawar
enessandpr
act
ice.Thequest
ionsar
eadapt
edf
rom a
st
udyconduct
edbyMohd-
Noret
.al
,(2013)andKumaret
.al
,(2014)
.The
adj
ust
menthasbeenmadet
othequest
ionst
obeappl
i
edi
nthi
sst
udyt
o
f
igur
ethe r
esear
ch obj
ect
ives.The Li
ker
tScal
e wi
l
lbe used as t
he
measur
ementi
nthequest
ionnai
re(
1-St
rongl
yDi
sagr
ee2-Di
sagr
ee3-Mi
xed
Feel
i
ng 4-Agr
ee5-St
rongl
yAgr
ee)
.Thei
temsf
ort
heawar
enessabout
COVI
D-19underSect
ionCar
easf
oll
ows:

Tabl
e:Awar
enessaboutCOVI
D-19

1) COVI
D-19i
saVi
rus:

2) COVI
D-19i
sani
nher
it
edDi
sease:

3) Touchi
ngani
nfect
edper
soncanspr
eadCOVI
D-19:

4) COVI
D-19canbespr
eadbyusi
ngobj
ect
susedbyani
nfect
ed:

5) Ani
nfect
edper
sonmi
ghtdi
e:

6) Ahumancanbei
nfect
edv
iacont
act
:

7) Ahumancanbei
nfect
edv
iacont
actwi
thani
mal
s:

8) COVI
D-19cani
nfectpeopl
emor
ethanoncei
nli
fe:

Awar
enessaboutCOVI
D-19Sy
mpt
oms

9) Fev
eri
sasy
mpt
om ofCOVI
D-19:

10)Bodyachei
sasy
mpt
om ofCOVI
D-19:

11)Coughi
ngi
sasy
mpt
om ofCOVI
D-19:

12)Headachei
sasy
mpt
om ofCOVI
D-19:

13)Br
eat
hlessnessi
sasy
mpt
om ofCOVI
D-19:

14)Vomi
ti
ngi
sasy
mpt
om ofCOVI
D-19:

15)Sor
ethr
oati
sasy
mpt
om ofCOVI
D-19:

16)Chestpai
n/pr
essur
eisasy
mpt
om ofCOVI
D-19:

17)Lossoft
ast
e/smel
li
sasy
mpt
om ofCOVI
D-19:
18)Notawar
eoft
hesy
mpt
omsofCOVI
D-19:

*
Alli
temswer
emeasur
edbyf
ive-
poi
ntLi
kerScal
e,1-St
rongl
yDi
sagr
ee2-
Di
sagr
ee3-Mi
xedFeel
i
ng4-Agr
ee5-St
rongl
yAgr
ee.

Compl
iancewi
tht
heGov
ernmentandMi
nist
ryofHeal
thi
nst
ruct
ion
Thecompl
i
ancewi
tht
heGov
ernmentandMi
nist
ryofHeal
thi
nst
ruct
ion
wi
l
lbe col
l
ect
ed t
o know how much t
he r
espondentcompl
i
es wi
tht
he
i
nst
ruct
iongi
ven.Thi
scompl
i
ancei
stakeni
ntoconsi
der
ati
ont
omeasur
ethe
l
evelofcompl
i
ancewi
tht
heGov
ernmentandt
heMi
nist
ryofHeal
th.The
quest
ionsar
eadapt
edf
rom t
hecasesi
nnewspaperar
ti
cles.Theadj
ust
ment
hasbeenmadet
othequest
ionst
obeappl
i
edi
nthi
sst
udyt
ofi
gur
ethe
r
esear
chobj
ect
ives.TheLi
ker
tScal
ewi
l
lbeusedast
hemeasur
ementi
nthe
quest
ionnai
re(
1-St
rongl
yDi
sagr
ee2-Di
sagr
ee3-Mi
xedFeel
i
ng4-Agr
ee5-
St
rongl
yAgr
ee)
.Thei
temsf
ort
hecompl
i
ancewi
tht
heGov
ernmentand
Mi
nist
ryofHeal
thi
nst
ruct
ionunderSect
ionDar
easf
oll
ows:

Tabl
e:Compl
i
ancet
owar
dsGov
ernmentandMi
nist
ryofHeal
th

1) Idosel
f-
quar
ant
ineathomeasperi
nst
ruct
ionoft
heMi
nist
ryofHeal
th:

2) Idohangoutwi
thmyf
ri
endsdur
ingMov
ementCont
rolOr
deri
gnor
ingt
he

i
nst
ruct
ionoft
heGov
ernment
:

3) Il
i
mitmy
sel
ffr
om goi
ngout
sidedur
ingMov
ementCont
rolOr
derasper

i
nst
ruct
ionoft
heGov
ernment
:

4) Ii
gnor
ethenocr
ossbor
deri
nst
ruct
ionoft
heGov
ernment
:

5) Ii
nvi
temyf
ri
endst
omyhouset
il
lmyhousei
scr
owdedwi
thpeopl
e:
*
Alli
temswer
emeasur
edbyf
ive-
poi
ntLi
kerScal
e,1-St
rongl
yDi
sagr
ee2-
Di
sagr
ee3-Mi
xedFeel
i
ng4-Agr
ee5-St
rongl
yAgr
ee.

Concer
ningaboutCOVI
D-19
Concer
ningaboutCOVI
D-19wi
l
lbecol
l
ect
edt
ounder
standt
heper
cept
ion
oft
he r
espondentaboutCOVI
D-19.Thi
sist
aken i
nto consi
der
ati
on t
o
under
standt
hepr
act
iceoft
her
espondent
s.Thequest
ionsar
eadapt
edf
rom
ast
udyconduct
edbyKumaret
.al
,(2014)
.Theadj
ust
menthasbeenmadet
o
t
hequest
ionst
obeappl
i
edi
nthi
sst
udy
.TheLi
ker
tScal
ewi
l
lbeusedast
he
measur
ementi
nthequest
ionnai
re(
1-St
rongl
yDi
sagr
ee2-Di
sagr
ee3-Mi
xed
Feel
i
ng4-Agr
ee5-St
rongl
yAgr
ee)
.Thei
temsf
orConcer
ningaboutCOVI
D-19
underSect
ionEar
easf
oll
ows:

Tabl
e:Concer
ningaboutCOVI
D-19

1) COVI
D-19i
sadeadl
ydi
sease:

2) Any
onecanbei
nfect
edbyCOVI
D-19wi
thoutr
egar
dlessoft
hei
rage:

3) Ther
eisnot
reat
mentav
ail
abl
eforpeopl
ewhogeti
nfect
edbyCOVI
D-19:

4) Ther
eisnov
acci
nef
orCOVI
D-19:

*
Alli
temswer
emeasur
edbyf
ive-
poi
ntLi
kerScal
e,1-St
rongl
yDi
sagr
ee2-
Di
sagr
ee3-Mi
xedFeel
i
ng4-Agr
ee5-St
rongl
yAgr
ee.

Pr
act
icemeasur
esbyt
her
espondent
Thepr
act
icemeasur
ebyt
her
espondentwi
l
lbecol
l
ect
edt
ounder
stand
whatar
ethe r
espondentpr
act
ice agai
nstCOVI
D-19.Thi
sist
aken i
nto
consi
der
ati
ont
ounder
standt
hepr
act
iceoft
her
espondent
sbasedont
hei
r
awar
enessandcompl
i
ancet
owar
dst
hegov
ernmentandMi
nist
ryofHeal
th
i
nst
ruct
ion.Pl
us,
toi
dent
if
ytheassoci
ati
onbet
weenawar
enessandpr
act
ice.
Thequest
ionsar
eadapt
edf
rom ast
udyconduct
edbyMohd-
Noret
.al
,(2013)
andKumaret
.al
,(2014)
.Theadj
ust
menthasbeenmadet
othequest
ionst
o
beappl
i
edi
nthi
sst
udyt
ofi
gur
ether
esear
chobj
ect
ives.TheLi
ker
tScal
ewi
l
l
beusedast
hemeasur
ementi
nthequest
ionnai
re(
1-St
rongl
yDi
sagr
ee2-
Di
sagr
ee3-Mi
xedFeel
i
ng4-Agr
ee5-St
rongl
yAgr
ee)
.Thei
temsf
ort
he
pr
act
icemeasur
ebyt
her
espondentunderSect
ionFar
easf
oll
ows:

Tabl
e:Pr
act
icemeasur
esbyr
espondent
s

6) Iam f
requent
lywashi
ngmyhandswi
thsani
ti
zerorsoap:

7) Iam usi
ngf
acemaskwhengoi
ngout
side:

8) Iav
oidt
ouchi
ngmyf
acear
ea:

9) Iav
oidgoi
ngt
ocr
owdedpl
aces:

10)Iav
oidt
ouchi
ngwi
thot
herpeopl
ewhenseei
ngt
hem:

11)Iam pr
act
ici
ngsoci
aldi
stanci
ng1Met
er:

12)Iwi
l
lthr
owt
hef
acemaskaf
terused:

*
Alli
temswer
emeasur
edbyf
ive-
poi
ntLi
kerScal
e,1-St
rongl
yDi
sagr
ee2-
Di
sagr
ee3-Mi
xedFeel
i
ng4-Agr
ee5-St
rongl
yAgr
ee.

DATACOLLECTI
ONMETHOD
Thedat
afr
om t
hisst
udywi
l
lbecol
l
ect
edt
hrought
hedi
str
ibut
ionoft
he
onl
i
nequest
ionnai
re.Thequest
ionnai
rei
smadeusi
nggoogl
efor
m.Thel
i
nk
t
othi
squest
ionnai
rewi
l
lbesentt
othephonenumberoft
her
esi
dent
swho
l
i
vei
nthet
arget
edar
eas.I
nthequest
ionnai
re,
acov
erl
ett
erwi
l
lbeont
het
op
oft
hef
orm whi
chst
atedt
hepur
poseoft
hest
udyandt
her
equi
rementt
o
answeral
loft
hequest
ions.Ther
espondentwi
l
lbeaskedt
oanswert
heent
ir
e
setofquest
ionsdur
ingt
het
imel
i
mitandshar
ethel
i
nkt
othei
rnei
ghbor
s.
Thet
imel
i
miti
ssett
obe7day
stoensur
ethequest
ionnai
recanbespr
ead
i
ntot
her
esi
dent
s'ar
ea.Thequest
ionnai
rewi
l
lbepr
epar
edi
ntwol
anguages
whi
chwer
eBahasaMal
aysi
aandEngl
i
sh,t
omaket
her
espondenthav
ean
easi
er t
ime gi
vi
ng t
hei
rresponse.Besi
des,t
he i
nfor
mat
ion f
rom t
he
compl
etedquest
ionnai
rewi
l
lbekeptconf
ident
ialandonl
yusef
ort
hisst
udy
asi
tismeantf
oracademi
cpur
posesonl
y.

DATAANALYSI
S
Theanal
ysi
soft
hisst
udywi
l
lbeconduct
edusi
ngt
heSt
ati
sti
calPackage
f
orSoci
alSci
ence(
SPSS)
,whi
chi
nvol
vest
het
ransf
ormat
ionofr
awdat
aint
o
af
orm t
hatwoul
d pr
ovi
dei
nfor
mat
iont
o descr
ibeasetoff
act
orsi
na
si
tuat
ionandt
hisi
sdonet
hroughor
der
ingandadj
ust
ingoft
her
aw dat
a
col
l
ect
ed.Thedat
aanal
ysi
sthatwi
l
lbeusedi
stheDescr
ipt
iveSt
ati
sti
csand
Pear
sonPr
oductMoment
.

Tabl
e:St
ati
sti
cal
techni
queusedi
ndat
aanal
ysi
s
St
ati
sti
cal
Techni
que Resear
chObj
ect
ives
Descr
ipt
iveSt
ati
sti
cs Todet
ermi
net
hel
evelofcompl
i
ance
of t
he r
esi
dent
s of Menggat
ali
n
f
oll
owi
ng t
he gov
ernment and
Mi
nist
ryofHeal
thi
nst
ruct
ion.
Descr
ipt
iveSt
ati
sti
cs Tomeasur
ethel
evelofpr
act
icegood
hy
gieneoft
her
esi
dent
sofMenggat
al
t
ocombatt
hisv
irus

Pear
sonPr
oductMoment Toi
dent
if
ytheassoci
ati
onbet
ween
awar
enessandpr
act
ice.