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Complex Numbers Notes and Formulas PDF

Complex numbers are numbers of the form a + ib, where a and b are real numbers. They are defined as ordered pairs of real numbers (x, y) where z = x + iy. Addition and subtraction of complex numbers involves adding or subtracting the real and imaginary parts. Multiplication of complex numbers involves multiplying the terms and addition. To divide complex numbers, write the quotient as a fraction and reduce it to rectangular form by multiplying the numerator and denominator by the complex conjugate of the denominator. There are several important properties of complex numbers including the modulus, argument, and properties of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.

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301 views2 pages

Complex Numbers Notes and Formulas PDF

Complex numbers are numbers of the form a + ib, where a and b are real numbers. They are defined as ordered pairs of real numbers (x, y) where z = x + iy. Addition and subtraction of complex numbers involves adding or subtracting the real and imaginary parts. Multiplication of complex numbers involves multiplying the terms and addition. To divide complex numbers, write the quotient as a fraction and reduce it to rectangular form by multiplying the numerator and denominator by the complex conjugate of the denominator. There are several important properties of complex numbers including the modulus, argument, and properties of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.

Uploaded by

Azhar Hussain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

1

Complex Numbers (Formulas)


Complex numbers are the numbers of the form a+ib where    and a and b are real
numbers.

Definition:- Complex numbers are defined as an ordered pair of real numbers like (x,y) where

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z=(x,y)=x+iy

and both x and y are real numbers and x is known as real part of complex number and y is
known as imaginary part of the complex number.

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Addition of complex numbers

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Let z1=x1+iy1 and z2=x2+iy2 then

z1+z2=(x1+x2)+i(y1+y2)
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Subtraction

z1-z2=(x1-x2)+i(y1-y2)
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Multiplication

(z1.z2)=(x1+iy1).(x2+iy2)
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Division
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To divide complex number by another , first write quotient as a fraction. Then reduce the
fraction to rectangular form by multiplying the numerator and denominator by the complex
conjugate of the denominator making the denominator real.
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Points to remember

1. Complex conjugate of z=x+iy is =x−iy

2. Modulus of the absolute value of z is denoted by |z| and is defined by √(x2+y2)

3. Let r be any non negative number and any real number. If we take x=rcosθ and

y=rsinθ then, r=√(x2+y2) which is the modulus of z and  
which is the argument or

amplitude of z and is denoted by arg.z

This document is originally created by [Link] and is made available for peersonal and non-
commercial use only.
2

we also have

x+iy=r(cosθ+isinθ)=r[cos(2nπ+θ)+isin(2nπ+θ)] , where n=0, ±1, ±2, ....

4. Argument of a complex number is not unique since if is the value of argument


then (n=0, ±1, ±2, ….) are also values of the argument. Thus, argument of complex
number can have infinite number of values which differ from each other by any multiple of 2?.

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5. Arg(0) is not defined.

6. argument of positive real number is zero.

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7. argument of negative real number is

8. Properties of moduli:-

•
•
•
|z1+z2|≤|z1|+|z2|
|z1-z2|≥|z1|-|z2|
|z1•z2|=|z1|•|z2|
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• |z1/z2|=|z1|/|z2|
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[Link]
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This document is originally created by [Link] and is made available for peersonal and non-
commercial use only.

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