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    Us20120099977 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Mladen Muskinja

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    US us United States cz) Patent Application Publication — co) Pub. No.: US 2012/0099977 A1 Churchill et al. oa FL (76) Inventors (21) Appl. No, (22) PCT Filed (86) PCT Ne. $371 (o\), (2), (4) Date Erédérick Churchill, Montreal (CA); [on Parasehivoiu, Ville Mont aval (CA) 137128,563, Now.9, 2009) POTICA2009/001641 al (CA); Octavian Tei G0) Forcign Application Priority Data Now. 10, 2008 ay 2683567 12009997781 20 (43) Pub, Date Apr. 26, 2012 ication Classification (1) Ince ForD 9702 (200601), FOID 104 (2005.01), (2) US.CL 415/185 on ABSTRACT A directing system for directing ud entering an axial flow furbine slong an inet flow direction. The turbine includes @ plurality of turbine blades. The directing system includes 3 base structure a plurality of directing segments attached to the have structure, downstream of the base structure, snd ireting segment adjustment system for adjustably position Sng the directing seyments bewween a retracted con tguration ‘anda deployed configuration. The directing segments, in the ‘deployed configuration, extend beyond the base stature ina ‘itetiontransvesel tothe inlet flow direction and deflet the uid owands an cuter cieunaference of the platy of tr bine blades corresponding to 2 higher torque area of the blades. dinccting system for directing fluid entering across- flow turbine is also disclosed, Inthe eross-flow turbine, the ‘id is directed towards a enterige ofthe rotor of the tur bine, which is a high torque area of the turbine blades 314 Patent Application Publication Apr. 26, 2012 Sheet 1 of 19 US 2012/0099977 AI Figure 1 (PRIOR ART) Patent Application Publication Apr. 26, 2012 Sheet 2 0f 19 US 2012/0099977 AI Figure 2 Patent Application Publication Apr. 26, 2012 Sheet 3 of 19 US 2012/0099977 AI f 310 Figure 3 Patent Application Publication Apr. 26, 2012 Sheet 4 of 19 US 2012/0099977 AI Patent Application Publication Apr. 26, 2012 Sheet Sof 19 US 2012/0099977 AI Figure 5 Patent Application Publication Apr. 26, 2012 Sheet 6 of 19 US 2012/0099977 AI US Ke GV ie S WZ CZ ZB Figure 6A Patent Application Publication Apr. 26, 2012 Sheet 7 of 19 US 2012/0099977 Al Patent Application Publication Apr. 26, 2012 Sheet 8 of 19 US 2012/0099977 AI Figure 8 Patent Application Publication Apr. 26, 2012 Sheet 9 of 19 US 2012/0099977 AI Figure 9 Patent Application Publication Apr. 26, 2012 Sheet 10 of 19 US 2012/0099977 AI spe SRK TS Figure 10¢ Figure 108 Figure 10 Patent Application Publication Apr. 26, 2012 Sheet 11 of 19 US 2012/0099977 AL Figure 11 Patent Application Publication Apr. 26, 2012 Sheet 12 of 19 Shrouded HAWT wind energy system (WAR = 11 (22m diameter rte wih 3varala chor, twisted blades) US 2012/0099977 AI = =Nominl + Nominal Wad =4 Wad =7 Led = 12 ms o7 Sectaing Ratio Figure 12 Patent Application Publication Apr. 26, 2012 Sheet 13 of 19 US 2012/0099977 AI 304 IK zs | \ ea ‘ @ zo \ 2 a = Figure 13 Patent Application Publication Apr. 26, 2012 Sheet 14 of 19 US 2012/0099977 AI 1420 ' Figure 14 Patent Application Publication Apr. 26, 2012 Sheet 15 of 19 US 2012/0099977 AI 600 kW VA ren) le] | | seu (de) Figure 15 Patent Application Publication Apr. 26, 2012 Sheet 16 of 19 US 2012/0099977 AL 160 164 Figure 16 Patent Application Publication Apr. 26, 2012 Sheet 17 of 19 US 2012/0099977 AI 172 Figure 17 Patent Application Publication Apr. 26, 2012 Sheet 18 of 19 US 2012/0099977 AI Figure 18 Patent Application Publication Apr. 26, 2012 Sheet 19 of 19 US 2012/0099977 AI EA-s00a wind energy system | a ee os os o7 oo Sectoring Ratio Figure 19 US2012/009997 AI FLUID DIRECTING SYSTEM FOR TURBINES FIELD OF THE INVENTION 10001] ‘The present invention generally estes to both wind tnd water turbines. More specifically, the present invention relates toa fluid directing system fr directing atid entering sn axial flow or cross-flow turbine BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 10002] | Wind turbines are generally rated atthe wind speed at which they will produce the rated power or essentially the maximum power riting of the generator. At lower wind velocities the rurbine will produce only'a fraction ofthe rated power 10003] Low winds contain los energy than high winds so ‘automatically they produce less use enerpy. Te rotor ef ‘ciency or percentage of energy converted from the wind into ‘useful torque also drops the Reynolds numberof the blades ‘decreases at low wind spoods. There is definite need for 3 rovor design that could inerease the power obtained from aie streams at all speods and mest particularly for velocities below the turbine rated speed, The additonal power gener sd by the blades once the rated velocity is exceeded is lst. 10003} The fact that wind speods vary all the time is @ problem for windmill designers and windmill operators. Existing wind turbines designs offer litle contol over imme- diate ‘ind spoed variations. Most existing trbines are ‘equipped with a hydraulic driven blade pitch adjustment. ‘These systems adjust the blade pitch to average Wind velocity as calclated over a time period and not tothe instantaneous wind speed, [0005] Ac all wind speeds, and particularly at high wind speeds, wind gusts cause considerable operating problems. ‘The eneryy in the gust will rapidly inerease the rotor and generator rotational speed. This ean cause voltage Muctua- {ons inthe power produced that must be removed electrically. Tnvorder to Fimit the rotational speed, the blade pitch ean be ‘adjusted but the Blades are massive and the hydraulically «driven pitch adjustment isnot api, Consequently, the brake js often applied t mit the inrease in rotor speed, 10006] Existing turbine designs teat all the swept area of the rotor as equal. Athough the wind energy availabe to the blades is constant over the entire swept area most of the ‘energy is generated in the high torque zone that corresponds to the area closer to the tips ofthe blade. The enemy of the ‘wind traveling close tothe center shaft orthecoreofthe swept area is essentially waste, 10007] A technology that addresses the dificulies above ‘would greatly improve turbine efficiency, improve the eloc~ trical stability ofthe production and decrease the production ‘costs for electricity 10008} There is thus presently @ need for a system 10 increase the energy produced by a turbine at all operating wind or tui speeds 10009] There is also a need for a system that divides the ‘wept area of a rotor into igh torque an ow tongue sectors [W010] There is also 2 nced for a system to increase and contol the wind velocity by adjusting te size ofthe swept ‘area. This is achieved by Blocking or sectoring part of the swept area [0011] There is also a need for a system to increase the velocity pressure at the face o the blades that is noa-sectoned ‘and install an outer shroud to prevent te increased velocity Apr. 26, 2012 pressure from spilling over the edges of the blades and an finer shroud to prevent ar bleeding into the lov torque zone of the toe [0012] There is also a aood for asystem to control the wind velocity through the non-sectored area of the rotor blades [0013] Thereisalsoa ned fora system to inereasethe wind velocities atthe blades by rtor-setoring to maximize voloc- ity pressure, blade Reynolds number andthe rotor eiciency coeficien, 0014] There is also a need for a system to establish an effective closed loop control hased on wind speed and the ‘mensions ofthe sectored swept arca that maintains constant the rotational speed ofthe rotor and electrical generator [0015] There isalso need fora system to direct the airflow ta maximum wind pressure tothe outermost radius of the rotorwhereby maximizing the torgue produced per unit of air [0016] There isalso.aneed fora system to develop adesign ‘of rotor sectoring that can be retrofitted to existing turbines, SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0017] An object ofthe present invention is to provide a irecting system that satisfies at least one ofthe above-men- sioned news, [018] According tothe presen invention, thereis provided a directing system for directing uid entering an axial how turbine along an alt flow direction, the turbine comprising a plunility ofturbine blades, the directing system comprising: [0019] base siracture; [0020] 2 plurality of directing seaments sachet to the hase svete: 002] directing segmentadjustment system for adj ‘bly positioning the directing segments between: 0022] 2 retracted configuration; and [0023] deployed configuration; [o024] and [0025] a shroud surrounding a cieumiference ofthe tur bine blades, ‘wherein the directing segments, inthe deployed configur- ‘ion, extend beyond the base stricture in a dreetion trnsver- sal othe inlet flow direction and deflect the fai towards an ‘outer cireumference ofthe plurality of turbine blades. [0026] According to the present invention, there is also provided a directing system for directing fluid entering a ‘rose-flow turbine along. an inlet How direction, the turbine ‘comprising a rotor the rotor comprising a platy of turbine blades, the directing system comprising 0027] an inlet directing Nui towards the turbine; [0028] 2 plurality of directing seyments attached to the inlet and 10029] a dicecting segment adjustment system for adjust ‘bly positioning the directing segments between: 0030] 2 retraced configuration; and [0031] deployed cor ‘wherein the directing segments, inthe deployed configura tion, extend beyond the inlet in direction transversal to the inlet flow direction and deflect the fluid towards a centerline ofa rotor ofthe turbine. [0032] The present invention provides an apparatus, which is ableto displace part ofa fi steam just pror to reaching the turbine rotor This displacement moves the uid from a section of the swept area producing lw tongue to 8 section producing higher torque. The two fuid volumes are com- US2012/009997 AI bined to increase the fd veloity an velocity pressure over the high forge are This principle is common tall sx flow and erovs-flow turbines 10033)" nthe case of axial How turbines, the apparatus ‘consists of a central conclly of semicircular shapes! cone that diets the Muid sian from the center towards the periphery’ ofthe roe The cone reroets oe deploys averan- Ping wal segments creating an alae shopedchannel forthe i team to pass though the roto blades. The exterior of turbine is brouded to prove the velocity prestire increase fromspiling over the tips ofthe wrbine blades In its retrace posiven, the scvoring cone occupies preferably betveen $0 aed 75% ofthe total swept area af the rotor. 10034} "Located bind the walls OF the setoring cone ‘where its protected rom the fd steam, @ mechanisms Jnsalled that permits to expand or depoy overlapping Wall seuments. As the segments are expanded, the secoced of blocked ara ofthe mrs increased to 100%. sectoring of 90 19 99% of the avilable swept aren is applied when the ‘nomial id velocity iow, whereas asetoring of 10 10% ‘ofthe available swept area corresponds to high nominal uid speed {0035} Inthe case ofeross-fow turbines, aerodynamic side ‘deflectors are esaled hat ean be extended or tated into te Sid steam. The side decors are attached to the trbine shrouds that serves a housing in foot ofthe upstream and ovsnsteam faces ofthe rotor. The shrouds or sidewalls ae reuired 10 prevent the increase in velocity pressure fom spilling around the edges ofthe rotor blades. {W036} -Actusors tached tote turbine frame push psinst thedefectors that rotate inf thesid stream and decrease the ‘wid oF the opening. As the detectors advance, the low tongue sectors oF the rotor deercase an the fd secs ‘concentated in the high torue sector, When the deflectors ave lly extended tc high gue area eccives almost al ie fhuid whereas the low torque sector receives very lite o m0 Aid. 10037] nse dhe venical axis oor itself are Heated two seis of sight vertical side plates o ner wall, These side plates move back and forth, synchronized with the dsplaee- trent othe side deflectors to eeate 4 more defined channel ‘with ess turbulence. These sie plates necessitate te use of ate Hype vertical tr configuration whereby the blades ae supported close 1 their midpoints and with Title ross bring 10038) For both tho sxil and cross-flow turbines, the veloe- ty pressure of the Mud steam over the high Longue aga is increased providing considerable more poster. Although the step are of the rotors has boon decreed the increase ia i voocity of velocity presre provides @ miuch greater contibution to energy pralocton. The adjustment of the seseptarea also controls the lidstream velocity othe blades providing maximum eliieney for te rotor at all nominal Aid specs. The control of the Mud stream speed in tara provides for steady rtorrtational speeds formerestableand ‘cient clonal power generation BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS [0039] Theseandother objects and advantages ofthe inven- ‘ion will heeome apparent upon reading the detailed deserip- tion and upon refering to dhe drawings in which: [0040] FIG. Lisa schematic view ofthe zones (setors) oF Jow and high tongues on the swept area of an axial flow Apr. 26, 2012 {0041} FIG. 2 is side cut view of a directing syste according toa prefered embodiment of lhe presen save {ora shrouded axial fo turbine [0042] FIG. 3 is aside eu view of a dieting system aeconing 0 another preferred embodiment of the present Jnvention for an augmested aia Now tisbine [0043] FIG. 4 isa perspective view af aone-piee directing syem according to another preferred embodiment ofthe present invention, with segments deployed [0044] FIG. 5 na perspective view of the dzecting systema shown in FIG. 4, with seument tract [0045] "FIGS. 6 to 61 are thre perspective interior views and two detailed views respectively ofthe directing system Shown in FIGS. 4 and 8 in flly deployed, 50% deployed and ‘erated configurations especie. [0046] F1G.7 isa perspective view ofa dieting system coring o ancter prefered embodiment of the present invention, quipped with variable speed compress fan {0047} HIG. 8 isaperpective view of atwo-piece directing sytem socording to another prefered embodiment of the Present invention, with segments deploys {0048} FIG. 9 sa perspective view of two-piece directing sytem according to another preferred embodiment ofthe Present invention, with segmeatsretactd {0049} FIGS. 108 6 10 are perspective interior views of ‘hediectingsystemshownin FIGS and in fll deployed, 0M deployed and erated configurations respectively. [0050] "FIG, 11 perspevive view ofa wwo-piece dive ing system according to another prefered embodiment the presentation equiped hearse spl anpresor {0081} FIG. 12 is 8 graph of power vs, sectring ratio at thrce nominal wind speeds for sod axial ow turbine ‘witha cieeting system according to pefered embodiment othe present vention. [0082] "FIG. 13 sa raph of chordandwwistanale disibu- tion along the Blade ed for simulation of operation ofa Stand twisted horizontal axis wind turbine ror [0083] FIG. 14 schemuti view lusting Zones ce- {ors)oflow and high toueson the swept are of aero turbine [0054] FIG. 15 isa graph illostaing the azimsalvara- tion of tangential free (FI) ofa generic eros-flow turbine [0085] “FIG. 16 js top cut view of a directing sytem acconling toa prefered embodiment of the preset savention inuse with a shrouded cross-flow bine [0086] FIG. 17 is e top cut view of a dieting system aecoring 0 ancter prefered embodiment of the present jnvention in use with an augmented cross-flow turbine [0057] FIG. 18 is perspective view of a diecting system aeconiag to ancer preferred embodiment of the present [0088]. F1G. 19 is graph of power vs, setovng ratio at throe nominal wind speeds for a shrouded axial flow turbine witha dizceting system according to preferred embodiment ofthe prsent invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS [0059] Although the invention is described in terms of spe- cific embodiments tis to be understood thatthe embod ‘ments described herein are by way of example only and that the scope of the invention is not intended to be limited thereby. US2012/009997 AI 0060] As shown in FIGS. 2 to 11 and as better shown i FIGS. 4 and 5, according to the present inveation, there i provided a directing system 1000 for directing Mud entering ‘an axial low turbine 1002 along an inlet Now direetion. The turbine 1002 comprises a plurality of turbine blades 100. “The directing system 1000 includes a central base steucture 1006, and a plurality of directing segments 1008 attached to the central base stricture 1006. The directing system also includes a directing segment adjustment system 1010 for djustably positioning the directing segments 1008 between 2 retracted configuration (shown in FIG. 8) and a deployed configuration (shown in FIG. 4). The directing segments 1008, in the deployed configuration, extend beyond the base structure 1006 in dirvetion transversal t the ialet flow

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