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CCNAX SG Vol 4
CCNAX SG Vol 4
) oF lor [-ones> On lor [ese cero On lon [znat> of fen [ene + Bit 13 determines the response of the router to a bootload failure. Setting bit 13 causes the router to load ‘operating software from ROM after six unsuccessful attempts to load a boot file, Clearing bit 13 causes, ‘the router to continue ‘indefinitely to attempt loading a boot file. By factory default, bit 13 is set to 0 Configuration Register (Cont.) 0 Stymatthe ROM nontor on aeaad oc pom oa 1 Boots the ft iage in fash memory a sate nage 2F Enables deautoating tom fash memary [Enables Boot ayatem corns tat over detaut toatng tom fash marry ‘The boot field specifies a mumber in binary form. Ifyou set the boot field value to 0, you must have console port access to boot the operating system manually. If you set the boot field to a value of ? to F, and there is a valid boot system command thatis stored in the configuration file, the router software processes each hoot command in sequence until the process is successful or the end of the list is reached. If there are no boot commands in the configuration file, the router attempts to boot the first file in the flash memory Bit5, bit 11, and bit 12 of the configuration register determine the baud rate of the console terminal. The table shows the bit settings for the eight available rates. The default baud rate is 9600 bps. 17 Cisco Systems, Inc Intrconnectng Cisco ring Devices: Aoelaratd (CCNAX)Configuration Register (Cont.) CCorsie Teint Baud Rate Stings 1 Interconnectng Cisco Networking Davies: Accserted (CONAN) (© 2017 Cisco Systems, Ine.Changing the Configuration Register Before altering the configuration register, you should use the show version command to determine the curent configuration register value. The last line of the show version command output shows the configuration register value Note Record he configuration fegister sating, whichis ypically G2 102, so you can change back tothe enginal seting necessary ‘You can use the config-register command in the global configuration mode to set the configuration register value. The syntax for this command is eonfig-register value. The value argument is 2 hexadecimal number. Changing the Configuration Register First, erly the current configuration register valve ion register value. Set the configur Verify the new configuration register value : wzi02 (wid be exzish at sect eons) ‘You shouldbe careful when using the config-register command because the value argument sets all 16 bits of the configuration register. Only the lowest 4 bits of the configuration register (bits 3,2, 1, and 0) forma the boot field. For example the default value of Ox2102 not only instructs the router to boot the system image from flash memory but also instructs the router to load the startup configuration with 2 console speed of {9600 baud (for most platforms), ignore the console Break key, and boot mo ROM if the initial boot fails. If you modify the configuration register value, the change takes effect when the router reloads. Inthe example, the configuration register value is changed from the default setting to Ox2101, and the configuration is saved to NVRAM. The new configuration register value will cause the router to load the bootstrap code. If you issue the show version command again after changing the configuration register value, the command output shows both the currently configured value of the configuration register and the value that will be used at the next reloadLocating Cisco IOS Image Files When a Cisco router boot, it searches forthe Cisco(@)image in aspeciic sequence. It searches forthe location that is specified inthe configuration register, Nash memory, a TFTP server, and ROM. Locating Cisco lOS Image Files =" ‘The bootstrap code is responsible for locating Cisco 10S Software. It searches forthe Cisco IS image in the following sequence: 1. The bootstrap code checks the boot field ofthe configuration register. The boot field tells the router how to boot up. The boot field can point to flash memory for the Cisco 1OS image, the startup configuration. file (if one exists) for commands that tell the router hove to boot, or a remote TFTP server Alternatively, the boot field can specify that no Cisco 1OS image will be loaded, and the router should start a Cisco ROM monitor. 2. The bootstrap code executes the specifications of the configuration resister boot field value as described in the following bullets. Ina configuration register value, the "Ox" indicates thatthe digits that follow are in hexadecimal notation. A configuration register value of (x2102 has a boot field value of 0x2. The right-most digit inthe register value is 2 and represents the lowest 4 bits of the register. + Hfthe boot field value is Ox0, the router boots to the ROM monitor a the next power cycle or reload. + tthe boot field value is Gx, the router searches flash memory for Cisco IOS images. + the boot field value is Ox? to OxF, a the next power cycle or reload, the bootstrap code parses the startup configuration file in NVRAM for boat system commands that specify the name and location ofthe Cisco10S Software image to load. (Examples of boot system commands will follow.) If ‘boot system commands are found, the router sequentially processes each boot system command in the configuration. If there are no boot system commands in the configuration, the router searches the flash memory for @ Cisco IOS image. If the router searches for and finds valid Cisco IOS images in flash memory it loads the first valid ‘mage and nuns it. 7TO_lterconnecng Cisco Networking Devices: Accelerated (CONAN) 2017 Cisco Systems, ne4. Tit does not find a valid Cisco 10S image in flash memory, the router attempts to boot from a network ‘TETP server using the boot field value as part of the Cisco 1OS image filename. 5. After six msuccessful attempts at locating a TFTP server, the router loads the ROM monitor. Note The procadure for locating the Cisco IOS image depends on the Cisco router platform and defauit ‘configuration register values. The procedure thatis deseried here enpies tothe Cisco Integrated Services Routers] Entering boot system commands in sequence in a router configuration can create 2 fault-tolerant boot plan. ‘The boot system command is a elobal configuration command that allows you to specify the source forthe Cisco 10S Software image to load. For example, the following command boots the system boot image fle that is named 2900-universalk9-anz.SPA.152-4_Ml.bin from the flash memory device: Beanch(configl# ‘boot system flash: <2900-universelki-ms SPA.152-4.1 bin This next example specifies a TFTP server as a source of a Cisco IOS image, with a ROM monitor as the backup Beanch (config) boot system tftp: //c2900~aniversalkS-me-SPA.152-4.10 bin Beach (config) boot system rom 7Loading Cisco IOS Image Files When the router locates a valid Cisco 10S image file in the flash memory, the Cisco 10S image is normally loaded into RAM to run. Ifthe image needs to be loaded from the flash memory into RAM it must first be decompressed. After the file is decompressed into R@Myit is started. When Cisco IOS Software begins to load, you may see a string of pound signs (#), as shovin in the figure, while the image decommpresses. Loading Cisco IOS Image Files OS OO Loading Cisco 10S Image Files (Cont.) "72 Inerconnacing Cisco Networking Devices Aalst (©CNAX)Loading Cisco IOS Image Files (Cont.) ‘The Cisco 10S image file is decompressed and stored te RAM. The ‘output shows the boot process on a router. ‘The show version command can be used to help verify and troubleshoot some of the basic hardware and software components ofthe router. The show version command displays information about the version of Cisco 10S Software that is currently rumning on the router, the version of the bootstrap program, and information about the hardware configuration, including the amount of system memory. Loading Cisco IOS Image Files (Cont.) Displays information about the currently loaded software, hardware, ‘and device information, ‘The output from the show version command includes the following: + Cisco 10S version Cisco 105 softuare, C2900 Sofeware (C2S00-UNIVERSALKS-M), Version 15.2(4)Mi, RELERSE SOFTWARE (221) (©2017 Cisco Systems, ne Intrconnectng isco Networking Devioes: Accolerated (CCNA) 173This line from the example output shows the version of Cisco [OS Software in RAM that the route is using. + ROM bootstrap program ROM: System Boscateap, Version 16 0(1z/MIS, RELEASE SOFTWARE (c1) ‘This ine from the example output shows the version ofthe system bootstrap software that is stored in ROM and was intially used to boot up the rote. + Location of Cisco IOS image "ELash0: <2800-univers: System image £1 ‘This line from the example output shows where the Cisco IOS image is located and loaded as well as its complete filename. + Interfaces This section ofthe output displays the physical interfaces on the router. In this example, the Cisco 2901 router has two Gigabit Ethernet interfaces and one zerial interface + Amount of NVRAM 255 HB of REM ‘This line from the example output shows the amount of NVRAM on the router. + Amount of Flash This line ftom the example output shows the amount of flash memory’ou the router + Configuration register Configuration register is oxzi02 ‘The last line of the show version command displays the current configured value of the software configuration register in hexadecimal format. This value indicates that the router will attempt to load a Cisco IOS Software image fiom flash memory and load the startup configuration file from NVRAM, (isco Networking Davies: