)» RUSH Focus on reading Matching headings; multiple choice (single answer); summary Read the itl, subheading and fist paragraph of the text on page 35. Think of some more countries which might have diferent atitudes to time. What fics might these differences have on daily ie? Read the fst sentence of paragraphs B-. Is the information inthe text, orpuiae according to 1) researchers ad thei ndings? b) counties? Scan the text fora ist of counties where one pec of research was done, Read that part and compare your ideas in Exercise Ia, DENTINE MAIN IDEAS lm academic texts, cach paragraph usally has one main ies supported by deal examples or evidence. Lntfying the main ide ofeach paragraph wil hlp you understand the text better In TELTS this sills tested inthe Wesley tk 1 Read paragraphs A and B, Decide which sentence below o 2, eflects ‘themain ken and which sa dtal, example o piece of evidence Paragraph A 1 You should not be late for meetings ia New York 2 Attest time vary between cultures and gv ws information shout those cultures. Pargeaph 8 1 Varttions in atiudes to time can lad to misunderstanding. 2 Ambassadors need to know the social rules af the counties they lvein. ‘Now read the remaining paragraphs and think abou the main ides of cach Underline the parts that ll you ln thistask, you hve to choose the best heading to summarise the main idea of a parage ‘examples already done fo that muiches the mun ide, look for words with pall meas test and the heading 4 Read paragraph A and look a the example (heading x) in questions 1-6 ‘ofthe exam task opposite Use the undelind key words in the heading to elp you answer these questions. 1 Which linking word in paragraph A suggests difference? 2 Which words o phrases in the at sentence ofthe paragraph have pall meanings to these 4) (i) an indication of) indvidal [Now do the exam tsk, Questions 1-5 The reading passage has seven paragraphs A-G. List of Headings 1 Time and technological development | i Learning the laws of ine for interest | understanding iy Time and icividualpoyctology of workers rationales ive at sil The history of time measurement relationship |x Varation in thoretical views of time Attitude to time as an indication of cu Individual dfrenses A tye show up at te for a mating in Bra ocr tlda eo wored Gut you hep sonnet New or, ‘Sy wang etn ren rms, ou ay Pave Semaningta de Tew a nen oe rary obo ‘Name eatres bas vowed rere Nldy oer. indo, wy ont of cate perce ae ue 1 Back nthe 1950s ertopologst Ewer Hot feserbe how the soe es eae the lent lmgunge ora gneneutce rave rues might not ‘Snayebe mode emi he sates. tut hay ont the bir Me costed haw varatons he preepon of tepl wang by a fre vitor needs to undertand that fine vi “ust raters an apology” ot ‘Choose the correct heading for each paragraph rom thelist of headings Below tA problem for hose researching atitdes to time Comparing the value of ime fo diferent groups eel CLOCKING CULTURES What is time? The answer varies from society to society OQ ar ~~ ‘Example Paragraph A Paragraph B Paragraph C Paragraph D Paragraph E Paragraph F Paragraph G ‘4 Research and conclsios on the speed diferent viii AMtiudes ote and authority a cros-clarl “iP The badge oer ahec) ecareio cony hese Srey han yo rarer our ‘Danger ae reay he € Socal pychogit Rober V Levine sas ‘One ol he reunse. Yu get neweson va utes vale sd ‘love n-Loue ana ha cotagies have conducted Socoled pacetie sues 9 cures nA ‘Sccgrany of Tre publred 1957, Levine desrbes ‘ow he rhe re curtis by measuring tee Pgs vel Seed on oan Soowsbe, ow GAY Dsl ‘radu ear conn ag Coc. he orl th re atest Samnnes we Sutzerard oan, Gorman, pan faye ine owe ryt. Sac, ra Indonesa ana onto.1 Keun Be, an antvopoagt has examine tire eteotons in Tei In tht court, Bh atseres, Youre moeirg ends st 800 at ght pope snow Up 1645 07700 and say, “ryt Tra me soprach was ony fr tbe prope wih pws A boss an ehow up a an st ayy te Ti re but ose ure him at exacted oe on ne th ‘a al th comoctonbotween power ard aling Tie sto or ary afer cules a wa The complex naie of time makes it hard for “antvopaogsts ard soil peoroegt a vesigae “eu cant simpy gona sot ak up sro and ay, Tel me stout your concept fe Bh Saye People don realy have an ane tha You Ive 0 corre up wan ar ways oT out Brn stomps to gata how Tinga gar ime berger how dosety Wer sci lke te snd ‘ona. He suroyed teers an ound et farmers whose dys at Seated by natal avers such a sano - rot racognise the plvases tno & mane. Code! you noe ie aragemen even Treugh fey ha sala TV and wer er wn Wiest popular ere, Bu alr nthe sero areas sure coir 4 ‘To dothis type of ta, were aware of such rotons. rnold ht wage ‘tok re hear vaws cr“ of. {ssocatng ime wth mony are rot ound lol he Saye. tua tated your pb ard ec 6 tn ation oct vations in how peopl de! ‘thee ata pact! eel. tere may be erences in Few hy vale tron amare boreal porpectve, ‘Te West aol tr ha ben Compares oo anarow nfghtowarc he we acne: vw oh the ure wien en relatos he expectation hate ‘oud got eter a ro passes Some cates 50 ine ‘accel conectd wt apace: he staan ‘Abergnes' concept ol he Dram’ combines a myth ‘of how te wold began wit stores & sacred eee and ‘rertaton pans hat enable he noma Aborignes fr ta way ates th hapa Aural ance. FO ‘he cuts, tne maybe sean es «parm Incorporating te past resent a hare, or whet n whch past resent and ture evolve endlessly Bt thay ard pct ot ees) Go gee cate views th myogy a tere and how ey thnk ‘toute ter aly oes Bh ese 18 Inbisresarc, Robert Levine measred the spec st which postal answered a question. 9 Kevin Binh found out that in Tenia [A expectations of punctuality vary according to relationships 1B times eg ferent fror anywhere ele C employees as well s bosses may be ate for work, people who are punctual eventually become more powerful 10 Binh tiod Tenia atest time by A. asking questions connected wit language, ‘Basking people how they fet bout ime ‘C observing bow people behaved in diferent seins. DD. coleting phrases to do with time 11 Birth finds tet soften a dfeence between |A. what cultures believe about ime and what individuals elev. 1 Foon LS pags 52-53 ‘read the question sem only then ead the information inthe text Then look buck athe options and choose the best one, OR ‘ead the question stem and options, then look a he text. “TP Where oe tae proper noo hep 2 Quick look forthe allowing ames in he et and undetn them. ice te efron 1 Edward Hall 3 Kevia Bh 2 Robert Levine 4 Tina 1b The following pairs of expressions oc in the text snd the ml TT Wop doa Ps of ex tiple ae ee ee hei options. Decide ifthe meaning af each pais parallel or difrent ural eget i digas once lissh Pa re ent views of tme/variationsin the perception of time eeeeeeieine 2 answera question fll oq 3 hisempoyeefthe people under him 4 ontimelpunctuat 5 observing peopl behaviourfurveying people 6 the atitades to tinehow they hk about ine «Now do the multiple-choice tak below Questions 711 Goose the correc leer A,B, Cor D 7 ava Hall we he example of the ambesadr to how tht ‘A poplin power ae est ins ‘word in an opton may 'B ules of time are different now from in the past. pearance © pobles can be caused by ileet views of ime fang 1D misunderstandings ove time cant be avoided, 36 Be mel a at sunny 5 1 Foose LS page 53-54 > Modul page 10 (Questions 12-14 Complete the sary belo ‘Chonse NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer lke an 12 Pe people's practical and thoortcal ais o tne ‘C what people lieve boat tine and what hey sy. 1D peoples post and present attest ime Dilfeent cultures have diferent theories of time Inthe Wet, time is sometimes sid to be relationship between time and space In oter cultures, ime may be compared 0 8 = ora lt Jn Module A you completed a summary using a bank of answers. You may so have to complete summary dying words rom the text. Often, the fummary lates to just one part ofthe text s0 you have to scan the txt 0 Find this rst Your answers mas fit grammatically Read the summary below: Then sant ind the prt of the text which hss the relevant information, using the eaptalised name Australian Aborigines to help you Now read tha section ofthe text carefllyt ind the answes “Dreamtime” fr Astralan Aborigines involves special : J > deus or speaking and wire page 14 -Focus on listening Table completion scoarmcrcn 3. © Nowlisten othe recording and comple the exam ask section 1 1 Inthe Listening Module, you may have to write down words which are UNDERSTANDING sPeLLNGS spelled out fr you. You may alo have to understand and record Corea AND CORRECTIONS information when the speaker changes or corrects the information thai Coa le sven Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer: ‘© Listen wo ten short extracts and complete the nots, Wete no more than People interested in sharing the Nat ) three words and/or a number fr cach answer meme ew Pe meee el a a de Sele Example tm nen | 8B sn ae 3 = a ee eee, | or ge David lawyer + older to pay less for gas and tao : a ime § fear een ipeee “sy = 8 Cost: 8, aa or ai 10 Arrival date: Ties. Questions 9-10 Complete the notes belo. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for cach answer Loo phone number (mabe) 9 You have already done a Section 1 note completion task, Table completion is ‘similar to note completion but the information x more cer organised {or you. The headings of the table wll tel you what to isten for. There may slo bea tle explaining what the table shows, > Foca on ILS pags 41-42 Mode A page 14 co would lke to move in on 10 1 Read the instructions for the eam atk opposite, What isthe maximum numberof words you cn write for ech anewer in questions 1-8? 1b Lookat the table o find the answers to these questions 1 What isthe main topic ofthe table? 2 How many people does the table give information about? 3 Will the description in the recording give information row by row (horizon) oe column by column (vertical)? (loka he ode of ‘the question numbers) servtvocanutany 4 What qualities would be mos important or you in a latmate? Choose three from the box oF ure your own ideas. able _catve adventurous cable tidy itligent pation] > ideas or sping and weg ug A {© As you write inthe answers, you need o be careful to pt the {information in the correct column Listen fr signals chat ell you what Information you ae about to he, Focus on speaking Describing people rc 2 Long rn In Pact 2of the Speaking Modal, you hare to tak about a topic for one to eco LTS page ‘ro minutes, sing prompts ona task cad given to you by the examiner. ‘This called the long tra: You may be sked to describe one ofthe following: a person place an event an tivity or an objet. “Match the following phrases fom the recording othe correct column of the table (Name, Job, Description, Special requirements). ample: he was called Nan, i 1 he sounded =a prscuune prone 1a Compete each sentence below with au adjective from the box thats 2 esas he neds - ‘opposite in meaning to the adjective enderined, 2 Be eh eer rive calm funy hardworking noisy selish shy warm 4 got theimpression he was. ee f a eis 5 hewantsto 1 Sh not very ssiable infact she's bit 6 heaton 2 He gives the impression of Bing very serious, but actualy he's got a great sense of moran can be FlyoverSane number of prope, Scie aero 3 Her mother gets ater ses and init dificult to stay She's no a al thinking abou others His parents wed to think he wa litle lazy bt at school he was She's very cating nd considerate, abeays realy 6 She was rather compat in class but aly nnn YOU ‘sed her for belp. 7 Teachers thought he was oo. and excitable but one cone he wae very ait 1. People often think she sa bit unfriendly at ft but when you get twknow bee she i realy 1b Put the adjectives into the correct ategory. {© Complete this information with examples fom the sentences above. 1 Negative adetves are often softened by adding @ Bf, en OF 2 Poste adjectives ae often emphasined by adling very or 4. Wit sentences to describe these people using the language in rere | 1 a member of your family 2 neighbour 3 and 4 eclerity you do like ‘The candidate task card always asks you to describe something and to ‘2psin something The prompt ge you ici material oak about Read the candidate task card below and anewer these questions. 1 What do you hve to descibe and explain? 2 How many prompts are given in addition to the‘describe’andexplaa insractions| 3 What tense will you use foreach of the proms? 4 Who would you choose to al abut? Describe someone you know whe fs popular in your neighbourhood. You should say (1) who this person is (2) when you frst met this person (@) what sort of person helshe is and explain (4) why you think this person is pop > Foc on LTS page 62 3. a © Listen toa candidate talking about this topic and complete the oe ed Ura dcor | main. | Cc | Cnt dr 'b Listen aguin and answer thee questions. 1 Did the speaker se all the prompts? 2 Didlyou earn much about te perton she described and their relationship? Di the speaker describe the persons physi appearance in detail? Did she spel for at east t90 minutes ‘Wasit clear when the speaker moved rom describing to explaining? Did the speaker use the same tense foreach prompt took at the'signas which the sptker used to start and end her alk: “The peraon Fm going ttl you boats The reson why think hei opel s because ‘Now make opening and closing sentences fr talks on te following topics, sng the language the box blew 1 Your favourite tory. 2 Your favourite weekend activ 3. A happy occasion. 4 Arcatve 5 Your best birthday. 6 Your best holiday “The person ‘Thething The oceasion ‘Theactvity | Tmgoingtellyousbout | ix “The experience ‘Theplce ‘Theholday enjoy (ing this 1 admire Fiber inbecause remember The reason why it was mybet vas because | itvas my favourite 5 Inthcexam, you wll have one minateto prepare forthe ak nd you a make notes in tht tne. You coud use a simple isto 3 mindap 10 ‘organise your thoughts 1 Spend one minute making nates on the task in Exercise 2 above. 1b Now use your notes to tall about the topic fortwo minates Time ‘yourself and record yourselff you can.Tri vlna dt avenge prs ste has nye cnr daring th ist fe ces ing alae gf ve eddy and con depen saounnansween | Some op at ole es uh ttn th ps As evidence of hi a Focus on writing Presenting arguments ting Furthermore hy auc ht mine ae rel wen cvitin llc thee har psa trl hy alk othe age sare indi tat ha tne peopl’ fe tine ‘On the other hand it canals eau ht some cares he ha a pti sees For example, there hs oa gai pac on bo at od ont 12 Deen Vth sone gon pin ak, 70 sed oe ee eee toon oua gu -48 ype ene enon or pace rch Four ‘Ten Ta bce th net opesh axatysiNeruE QUESTION 1 Lookat the Task 2 prompt below and anewer these questions 1 ste aioe) mdr spe rae kay Opeelnaaeuieet Clin a ne ein seo ale yc als had wg ma ‘te emain o 2. Whet Kloet do yon rf pein our Sond Terrace quit in sles Hig cs tee ings nd ore Geeieas f i eet opener es tl is One eon sl Seas od hci el squat AGO OB iy gD are careers ec es alc sa Seow ne spe Soe ik th a bo Tar fg sage coy eae Been negative. tn conclsin, tink thar isdn sages tse fh dis we hae expr mar wart hac acer sb gai wa epcily in tors ft Sly tthe cntrnmon. But overall itis dear that mest of hese anges haben gol the jr of pple Nevertheless ht ee sti changes a be ast iu he mori te tr, Discuss both these points of view and sive your own opinion. feats asinnu 2-4 Readthe sample answer on page 43 and answer these questions. =. = 4 Whats the puro feist para eon c 2 ‘Whats puro feist Seneca prahs 2a Scr aoe 3 Undestne the expressions inthe answer hat introduce opinions Aa them ep ih pinton dv thw ge it Whe ee is to your Vocabulary notebook: Put them in two gr0Ups: 1 Expressions that introduce subjective personal opinions. Example: (hin — wd on fact. 2. Expressions that introduce objective opinions. eames is wudnibl that. > roses pew 2-4 Find ramps ofp inks nthe sample answer and pat them inthe propriate category. Aliion 4.4 Addthe correct prepositions to these expressions Then check inthe EDITING FORLANGUAGE Se BS Sample answer above. ‘emergent See e 1 in terms something oe 2 the impact of someting something ‘Summing up: “ae 3) wcompenat (somebody) om meting Chaar tid tec és 4 lees smeing ene (ponive/negatve) way bb Correct he mistakes with prepositions in these student response “Tarnow of hse labour any mort and pore Fave mare aces diferent tettes an efor 1 The input ofcompuders tering candi has bon good “Abe the nironmen: hee dec ingrvement in eater, 5 Pl and write your own answer tothe Writing task on page 42. You should nih our mower in 35 minutes and den take ve minutes to eit eee Fone per to check forthe most common types of grammatical and oraulary mistakes you make, Aagpnent hangs hae ben negative Biden: inpec een... .Wet tel at a7yao 1 Topic vocabulary overview “MeduleC (Focus on IELTS Unit 5 and 6) del with Soi tian wo wins wets ind Wie wa social changes. ls paiers conditions priorities fides to delegate overworked ck pay rotons expectations worllad fon Dercpions warmest salaries presure nul-asing views Work Bele and opinions pts ves rons © Now complet thee extracts using words and ‘expressions rom Exercises 1a and Ib Leng Scio Clee diferencia of time ‘Soit would be true to say that diferent cultures have widely diferent 2. towards punctuality In Western countries, for Instance, people have definite 3... that people wl keep appointments and tr ‘up on time. The kind of elationships we have with people and abo soiety’s 4 “ {whol are reflected our 5 ao acceptable ime beeping But other clares ave vastly fren 6 8g ‘other things a being more important. ‘Complete the mindmaps below using words from thebor. ‘ondtions sone Jace pose “ares technology standard "breakdown healthcare higher 1 of ving os 12 nr ‘of community tight tt Reading: Counting the cost of stress 1067 enn tnd underpaid. Certainly the me of ithe workplace has speeded up tansactons ad incest the 9 nnn om employees: they need to ten work around faster and meet Mes nn 8a daily basis People increasingly find that hey have to et inlonger hour and do several things at once in order to cope withthe increased ae Reduced staffing levels mean that people are no longer able © 2 tasks to colleague, Da the eect ofthis that workers Bevome incrssngly isolated and ther san overall drop in working 3 [ Workers today commonly consider themsches ‘Speaking Prt 3: Social change ‘Ob the way we ive todays totaly dierent ‘om the way my grandparent lived. But think we've los aot relly. Imes, 4 wis common problem, ‘what with divorce and things and Think hat ‘your people miss ou on fay ie today. ‘And people dont know thei neighbours think weve definitly lot the that our 4. Look back through the nits and add more words tothe mindmaps. 2 Sentence rewriting In academic writing it x common to use oun phrases when referring too discussing, esearch. Rewrite the flowing sentences a8 shown without ‘hanging the meaning. 1 a) Family problems could be Hnked wo the spread of technology by) There could be between family problems and the spread of technology. 2) Profesor Dillon agus that clara awareness isthe hey isu 1b) role ern that ultra avrarenes ie the key nue 4 a) Stress and heart disease ate thought tobe connected by There i thought 1 Be nn 4») Most people would ike wo combine a stisying jab eth a ood family i 1B) The err staying jb with a god family if appeas vo most people 5 a) Einstein dsconered a neve lav of physics that changed the development of scence, 1) Bini cee ‘hanged the development of enc. {6 ©) The employees suspect thatthe management smay not be elling the truth. ) Thereis nner among the employes thatthe management may not be telling the trot 7a) Profesor Cartright found that stress widespread inthe workplace 1) Profesor veined that stress widespread inthe workplace, 3 Speaking: Using colloquial language ‘Using colloquial language appropriately in the Speaking Module will help you to sound fluent and ral ‘Use the expression inthe box connected to time, ‘work and leisure to complete the responses tothe ‘eamine’ questions. ow plate wake wp (an activity) vind down etio ortout come up with | ota igo! strikes me del with ‘Examiner How often do you go out ia the evenings? ‘Candidate: Not x ch ashe, afi Ido io ot much during the week, because have © s workon time very dy. hae 9208 aes me feel ued all day. And T don't find it eay 0 Pee nons Meta ‘Examiner How do yu le wo spend your fee time? odie Wa aero eo vw steing to music for ait preparer ere tery nthe ‘ita. ie t play around with that. Examiner How do you manage to make tne for ‘wockstudyand sure? (Candidates Ob 86 cement ny ‘kis ato ef orang Lan ly vn hat ave to do every dy. Davof une, ccd pa ahead when want sometime of ‘aminer, What advice would you gv to hep Someone o manage their work and fe tine? ‘Candidate just ll ther osc off as s000 8 they lve WA 18 nn ‘that people just dont do that id tha i write alist of problems have to 9 nthe an stop worrying about them. Sy yah, writ ‘things down and then switch of 4 Weng: Reference inks > Foc on LTS pages 217-218 ook atthe following extract from a Writing Task 2 fon time management and choos the most propriate ink word. hs pp tbe tls sin ly a we st wich col ly tai nhl ay ‘tinea 3 Hai pet ta nin wich sos tw fred and ya ce be Fete pra da tht le a th a sn nS ecco a est ton drs hy ck des ‘nan tes Thecrnch rl cag Ge stds 9 yk ole be woke tmgos oe bar tec TO for oo re 1 teh heat gt flr esl a a ca Sperry