4.3.

1 RESEARCH QUESTION 1 :

What are the teacher’s leadership styles in teaching visual art education?

The leadership styles questions is divided into three groups which is question 1 ,4, 7, 10, 13, 16
and 19 for Authoritarian Leadership style, question 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, and 20 for
Transformational leadership style, question 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 for Laissez-faire leadership
style.

Frequency Statistic

Authoritarian Strongly
Disagree Sometimes Agree Strongly Agree
Disagree
Leadership n % n N% n % n % n %
Q1. Teacher
always have strict
observation
1 1.3% 2 2.7% 12 16.0% 36 48.0% 24 32.0%
because the
students will not
work well alone.
Q4.Teacher will
not let the student
do any activities
7 9.3% 10 13.3% 28 37.3% 23 30.7% 7 9.3%
besides the work
she had given to
us.
Q7. Teacher give
students reward
2 2.7% 10 13.3% 36 48.0% 17 22.7% 10 13.3%
for their good
work.
Q10.Teacher
always show
guidance of
0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 20 26.7% 55 73.3%
techniques when
producing
artworks.
Q13. Teacher is
very strict in giving
artwork evaluation
4 5.3% 4 5.3% 25 33.3% 28 37.3% 14 18.7%
to student, she did
not involves us in
evaluation.
Q.16 Teacher
gives orders and
instruction and
work procedures 1 1.3% 1 1.3% 1 1.3% 43 57.3% 29 38.7%
that should be
done and obeyed
by students.
Q.19 Teacher give 10 13.3% 12 16.0% 27 36.0% 19 25.3% 7 9.3%
student
punishment when
student did not
complete the work
given.

Finding in the table above shows the frequencies statistic for the Authoritarian teacher’s

leadership styles in teaching the visual art education. For Q1, most of the respondent pick ‘agree’

with the percentage of 48.0% followed by ‘strongly agree’ with the percentage of 32.0% and the

lowest is ‘strongly disagree’ with the percentage of 1.3%. For Q4, 37.3% of the respondent

choose ‘sometimes’ followed by ‘agree’ with the percentage of 30.7% and the lowest in still

‘strongly disagree’ with the percentage of 9.3%. Q7, 48.0% of the respondent pick ‘sometimes’,

whereas, 22.7% said ‘agree’, and the lowest is 2.7% said that they ‘disagree’ with the statement.

For Q10, majority said ‘strongly agree’ with the percentage of 73.3% and 26.6% for ‘agree’.

None of the respondent choose either ‘strongly disagree’, ‘disagree’ or ‘sometimes’ for this

statement. For Q 13 shows that the highest percentage of respond who choose ‘agree’ with this

statement is 37.3%, followed by ‘sometimes’ with 33.3% and the lowest is ‘strongly disagree’

and ‘disagree’ with 5.3%. Q16 still show that majority of responded choose ‘agree’ with the

percentage of 57.3% followed by 38.7%. Whereas three indicators which is ‘strongly disagree’,

‘disagree’ and ‘sometimes’ share the same percentage with 1.3%. for Q19, the highest

percentage is ‘sometimes’ with 36.0%, followed by ‘agree’ 25.3%, ‘agree’ with 16.0%, ‘strongly

agree’ with 13.3% and only 9.3% respondent agree with this statement.

Strongly Disagree Disagree Sometimes Agree Strongly Agree

Row N Row N Row N Row N Row N
Transformational Count % Count % Count % Count % Count %
Q.2 Teacher always 0 0.0% 3 4.0% 19 25.3% 33 44.0% 20 26.7%
involves students in
the desicion makin in
class activities.
Q.5 Teacher always 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 10 13.3% 27 36.0% 38 50.7%
provide a good and
comfortable
enironment in art
activities.
Q.8 Teacher always 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 2 2.7% 30 40.0% 43 57.3%
give supports to
students to produce
good artwork.
Q.11 Teacher 0 0.0% 1 1.3% 8 10.7% 32 42.7% 34 45.3%
emphasize student's
responsibilities to
make sure the safty is
applied when art
activities is
conducted.
Q.14 Teacher always 0 0.0% 1 1.3% 6 8.0% 26 34.7% 42 56.0%
helps students to find
ideas and inspiraiton
to make artwork.
Q17. Teacher tries to 3 4.0% 6 8.0% 25 33.3% 25 33.3% 16 21.3%
make healthy
competition between
students to create a
good artwork.
Q.20Teacher 6 8.0% 3 4.0% 22 29.3% 23 30.7% 21 28.0%
encourage teamwork
among students in the
class.

Based on the table above, most of the respondents choose ‘agree’ for the likert scale. Q2, 5, 8,

11, 14, 17 and 20 are the question for Transformational leadership in teaching visual art

education. For Q2, the highest number of student choose ‘agree’ with 48.0% followed by 32.0%,
though there are still student who choose ‘strongly disagree’ with 1.3%. for Q5 the highest

number is respondent who choose ‘sometimes’ with 37.3% followed by 30.7% respondent who

choose ‘agree’. While both ‘strongly disagree’ and ‘strongly agree’ share the same number

which is 9.3%. For Q8, the highest respond is from ‘sometimes’ scale with 48.0%, followed by

22.7%. Whereas ‘disagree’ and ‘strongly disagree’ shares the same number which is 13.3% and

the lowest is ‘strongly disagree’ with 2.7%. For Q11, the highest respondent is from ‘strongly

agree’ with 73.3% followed by 26.77%. For Q14, ‘agree’ is the most high number of respondent

with 37.3% followed by ‘sometimes’’ with 33.3%, ‘strongly agree’ with 18.7%. ‘strongly

disagree’ and ‘disagree’ shares the same number which is 5.3%. Q17, again the highest number

is 57.3% ‘agree’, followed by 38.7% ‘strongly agree’, ‘strongly disagree’, ‘disagree’ and

‘sometimes’ shares the same number of respondent which is 1.3%. Q20 however the highest

number is ‘sometimes’ which is 36.0%. Q20, ‘sometimes’ holds the highest percentage with

36%, followed by ‘agree’ 25.3%. although there is respondent who chose ‘strongly disagree’ and

‘disagree’, both holds the percentage of 13.3% and 16.0%.

 Strongly Disagree Sometimes Agree Strongly Agree
Disagree
Count Row Count Row Count Row Count Row Count Row
N% N% N% N% N%
Q.3If there is a 33 44.0% 29 38.7% 9 12.0% 4 5.3% 0 0.0%
problem in class,
teacher will always
let the students
solve it by
themselves
Q.6 Teacher let us 32 42.7% 23 30.7% 11 14.7% 8 10.7% 1 1.3%
do our own work in
her class.
Q.9Teacher 2 2.7% 3 4.0% 27 36.0% 24 32.0% 19 25.3%
involved students in
artwork evaluation
during class.
Q.12Teacher did 48 64.0% 18 24.0% 6 8.0% 3 4.0% 0 0.0%
not guide students
in artwork making.
we make it freely
using our own
techniques.
Q.15 Students do 44 58.7% 21 28.0% 5 6.7% 2 2.7% 3 4.0%
not need teacher's
guidance in art
activities.
Q.18 Teacher gives 31 41.3% 23 30.7% 15 20.0% 6 8.0% 0 0.0%
student task and let
us do the work by
our own without
guidance and
observation.
Q.21 Students can 22 29.3% 19 25.3% 27 36.0% 6 8.0% 1 1.3%
submit work at any
time because
teacher did not give
a due date to
submit the
assignment.

Descriptive Statistics
N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation
Authoritarian 75 2.00 5.00 3.3200 .57328
Transformational 75 2.00 5.00 3.7067 .65292
LaizzesFaire 75 1.00 3.00 1.7200 .66900
Valid N (listwise) 75
Based to the table above, the highest leadership practiced by the Teacher when teaching visual
art education according to the students is Transformational with the mean of 3.7, followed by the
authoritarian leadership with 3.3, and Laissez-faire with 1.7. This can conclude that, the teacher
have all three leadership that has been listed, but the most practiced leadership in class is the
transformational leadership.

4.4 Research Question 2

4.3.2 What is the effect of teacher’s leadership styles on students self-efficacy in learning visual
art education in classroom?

Frequency

Strongly
Disagree Disagree Sometimes Agree Strongly Agree
Row N Row N Row N Row N Row N
Count % Count % Count % Count % Count %
I can do an excellent 1 1.3% 5 6.7% 42 56.0% 20 26.7% 7 9.3%
job on my art
subject.
I can understand the 0 0.0% 8 10.7% 36 48.0% 27 36.0% 4 5.3%
term used in the art
language.
I am confident that I 4 5.3% 7 9.3% 29 38.7% 27 36.0% 8 10.7%
can understand the
art language used in
art criticism session.
I am certain I can 0 0.0% 1 1.3% 25 33.3% 32 42.7% 17 22.7%
master the skills
being taught in my
art class.
I always praise 6 8.0% 12 16.0% 17 22.7% 23 30.7% 17 22.7%
myself when i
produce an artwork.
I took control of any 2 2.7% 1 1.3% 11 14.7% 31 41.3% 30 40.0%
negative thinking so
that i could achieve
my goals.
I feel motivated 0 0.0% 2 2.7% 17 22.7% 28 37.3% 28 37.3%
when our teacher
had complete trust
on my skills and
abilities to create an
artwork.
I made myself 2 2.7% 2 2.7% 9 12.0% 40 53.3% 22 29.3%
practice making
artwork so that my
skills can improve.
I feel increasing 1 1.3% 0 0.0% 28 37.3% 32 42.7% 14 18.7%
confidence in my
capability to produce
a good artwork in my
art subject.
 SelfEfficacy
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid Disagree 4 5.3 5.3 5.3
Sometimes 51 68.0 68.0 73.3
Agree 19 25.3 25.3 98.7
Strongly Agree 1 1.3 1.3 100.0
Total 75 100.0 100.0

Statistics
SelfEfficacy
N Valid 75
Missing 0
Mean 3.2267
Median 3.0000
Std. Deviation .55928
Variance .313
Range 3.00

4.3.2i Is there any significant difference between authoritative leadership in

teaching visual art education and student’s self-efficacy?

Correlation analysis

Correlations
Authoritarian SelfEfficacy
Authoritarian Pearson Correlation 1 .276*
Sig. (2-tailed) .016
N 75 75
*
SelfEfficacy Pearson Correlation .276 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .016
N 75 75
*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).
4.3.2ii Is there any significance difference between Transformational leadership
in teaching visual art education and student’s self-efficacy?

Correlations
Transformational SelfEfficacy
Transformational Pearson Correlation 1 .444**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000
N 75 75
**
SelfEfficacy Pearson Correlation .444 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .000
N 75 75
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
4.3.2ii Is there any significance difference between Laissez-faire leadership in
teaching visual art education and student’s self-efficacy?

Correlations
LaizzesFaire SelfEfficacy
LaizzesFaire Pearson Correlation 1 -.189
Sig. (2-tailed) .104
N 75 75
SelfEfficacy Pearson Correlation -.189 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .104
N 75 75
4.3.3 Research Question 3

What is the difference between student’s perceptions on the teacher’s leadership styles?

Independent t-test

Group Statistics
Std. Error
what is your gender? N Mean Std. Deviation Mean
Authoritarian male 38 3.3421 .66886 .10850
female 37 3.2973 .46337 .07618
 Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test
for Equality of
Variances t-test for Equality of Means
Std. 95% Confidence
Sig. Mean Error Interval of the
(2- Differen Differenc Difference
F Sig. t df tailed) ce e Lower Upper
Authorit Equal 6.038 .016 .336 73 .738 .04481 .13321 -.2206 .31029
arian variances 7
assumed
Equal .338 65.988 .736 .04481 .13257 -.2198 .30950
variances 9
not
Group Statistics
assumed
what is your Std. Error
gender? N Mean Std. Deviation Mean
Transformational male 38 3.6316 .67468 .10945
female 37 3.7838 .62960 .10351

Independent Samples Test

Levene's Test for
Equality of
Variances t-test for Equality of Means
Std. 95% Confidence
Mean Error Interval of the
Sig. (2- Differenc Differenc Difference
F Sig. t df tailed) e e Lower Upper
Transform Equal variances 1.610 .208 - 73 .316 -.15220 .15078 -.45271 .14830
ational assumed 1.009
Equal variances - 72.87 .316 -.15220 .15064 -.45244 .14803
not assumed 1.010 1
 Group Statistics
what is your Std. Std. Error
gender? N Mean Deviation Mean
LaizzesFai male 38 1.8947 .68928 .11182
re female 37 1.5405 .60528 .09951

Independent Samples Test

Levene's Test for
Equality of
Variances t-test for Equality of Means
Std. 95% Confidence
Mean Error Interval of the
Sig. (2- Differe Differe Difference
F Sig. t df tailed) nce nce Lower Upper
Laizze Equal .206 .651 2.36 73 .021 .35420 .14994 .05536 .65303
sFaire variances 2
assumed
Equal 2.36 72.2 .021 .35420 .14968 .05583 .65256
variances not 6 42
assumed
 Group Statistics
what is your Std. Std. Error
gender? N Mean Deviation Mean
SelfEfficac male 38 3.1316 .41401 .06716
y female 37 3.3243 .66892 .10997

Independent Samples Test

Levene's Test for
Equality of
Variances t-test for Equality of Means
Std. 95% Confidence
Mean Error Interval of the
Sig. (2- Differen Differen Difference
F Sig. t df tailed) ce ce Lower Upper
SelfEff Equal 14.938 .000 - 73 .137 -.19275 .12808 -.44801 .06252
icacy variances 1.50
assumed 5
Equal - 59.7 .140 -.19275 .12886 -.45052 .06503
variances not 1.49 73
assumed 6
Laissez-faire. Strongly Disagree Sometimes Agree Strongly
Disagree Agree
n % n % n % n % n %
Q3. If there is 33 44.0 29 38.7 9 12.0 4 5.3 0 0.0
a problem in
class, teacher
will always let
the students
solve it by
themselves
Q6. Teacher 32 42.7 23 30.7 11 14.7 8 10.7 1 1.3
let us do our
own work in
her class.
Q9. Teacher 2 2.7 3 4.0 27 36.0 24 32.0 19 25.3
involved
students in
artwork
evaluation
during class.
Q12. Teacher 48 64.0 18 24.0 6 8.0 3 4.0 0 0.0
did not guide
students in
artwork
making. We
make it freely
using our own
techniques.
Q15. Students 44 58.7 21 28.0 5 6.7 2 2.7 3 4.0
do not need
teacher's
guidance in art
activities.

Q18. Teacher 31 41.3 23 30.7 15 20.0 6 8.0 0 0.0

gave student
task and let us
Q18. does the
work by our
own without
guidance and
observation.
Q21. Students 22 29.3 19 25.3 27 36.0 6 8.0 1 1.3
can submit
work at any
time because
teacher did not
give a due date
to submit the
assignment.