LOCAL CULTURE OF

HURRICANES IN SAVANNAH

AVANTI PATIL | DISHA GROVER | HARSH SINGH | SHUNJIE ZHANG

Unless otherwise credited, all photographs copyrighted by authors.
© 2017 Savannah College of Art and Design, Savannah, Georgia, USA
ABOUT
IDUS 711:
Method of
Contextual
Research

This course presents the

techniques — such as
interviews, focus groups,
contextual inquiry, surveys
and questionnaires and the
creation of novel research
methods — necessary to
conduct relevant and
useful research. Students
gain knowledge and
expertise to contribute
to the design process of
products, services and
systems in which goals,
users and task needs are
given equal importance.
TEAM HURRICANE

Avanti Patil Disha Grover Harsh Singh Shunjie Zhang

THE GUARDIAN THE INTEGRATOR THE PIONEER THE DRIVER
MFA MA MA MFA
Graphic Design & Design Management Graphic Design & Graphic Design &
Visual Experience Visual Experience Visual Experience
To the people of Savannah, who were mentally, physically or emotionally affected by Hurricanes Matthew and Irma.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The scope of this project was large in terms of the intensity of the topic and the
diversity of the various stakeholders associated with it. The completion of this
research project would not have been possible without the following people.

Firstly we would like to thank our professor Kwela Hermanns for her academic
instructions and professional advices. Thank You for guiding us through every
step of the process, your honest feedback and constant encouragement.

To Eric Schumute, thank you, for being a constant pillar of support, for your
advice and, all the help. We’re truly grateful to you.

To Niranjan Tanwani, thank you for developing the ‘Storm Store’ App for us.

To all our interviewees for giving their valuable time. We really appreciate you
opening up to us and sharing your feelings, experiences and insights. Thank you.

Last but definitely not the least, we would like to thank our lovely classmates for
their participation and valuable feedback.
CONTENT

01. INTRODUCTION 01 07. STAKEHOLDER MAP 70

02. ETHNOGRAPHY IN THE 02 08. INTERVIEWS 72

FIELD OF DESIGN
09. AFFINITIZATION 76
03. METHODOLOGY 06 • Concept Sketches
• Trend Research
02. TIMELINE 08 • Final Affinitization

03. COOKING TOGETHER 10 10. OUR OFFERINGS 98

04. SECONDARY RESEARCH 14 11. FINAL LEARNINGS 120

• Book: 101 Design Methods
BIBLIOGRAPHY 126
05. OBSERVATION 24
• River Street, Savannah CONSENT FORMS 130

06. CULTURAL PROBE 42

Local Culture of Hurricanes in Savannah | IDUS: 711 | Fall 2017 | SCAD Savannah
INTRODUCTION

Quoting Sylvia Mathews Burwell “while natural disasters capture headlines and
national attention short-term, the work of recovery and rebuilding is long-term”.
Those headlines may give us facts and figures, but what they don’t talk about is the
psychological trauma that people go through before, during and after the occurrence
of a disaster.
The city of Savannah, a victim of two Hurricanes with in a span of one year (Matthew,
October’16 and Irma September’17) had to undergo, and is STILL undergoing a lot
of difficulties to overcome the damage caused by these Hurricanes. We, as a part of
the SCAD community experienced a sense of displacement and inconvenience as a
result of this inevitable accident and hence chose to do an in-depth human centered
research on ‘The Local Culture of Hurricanes in Savannah’.

“We cannot stop natural disasters but we can arm ourselves with knowledge: so
many lives wouldn’t have to be lost if there was enough disaster preparedness.”
– Petra Nemcova

The intent of this study was: First to understand the different journeys of various
stakeholders impacted by the Hurricanes through a contextual research lens;
second; to identify insights and possible areas of opportunity for improving
preparedness, encouraging a sense of community building and dealing with
the aftermath of the disaster.

Local Culture of Hurricanes in Savannah | IDUS: 711 | Fall 2017 | SCAD Savannah 01
 ETHNOGRAPHY IN THE FIELD OF DESIGN
WHAT IS ETHNOGRAPHY:
Ethnography is the branch of anthropology dealing with scientific the
description of individual cultures. It is the study and systematic
recording of human cultures. It is also a descriptive work produced from
such research.
ETHNOGRAPHY AND DESIGNERS:
Ethnography appeals to designers because it provides a window onto the
ways consumers interact with products in their everyday lives. It promised
to reveal a whole new dimension of the user to the designer. It investigates
what consumers ACTUALLY do, rather than saying what they do.
BEFORE ETHNOGRAPHY, DESIGNERS USED:
Cognitive psychology
Market research
ETHNOGRAPHICS AND OBSERVATIONS:
Observations of naturally occurring consumer practices are widely credited
with helping manufacturers identify significant new product directions.
Designers, CSCW and ethnography:
Ethnography made its way in the field of design through research on
computer supported cooperated work (CSCW). CSCW is the
interdisciplinary study of how humans interact with computer software in
the workplace. The CSCW community primarily consists of social scientists
and organizational change specialists. Anthropologists have been a part of
the CSCW community from the start. They showed how ethnographic
investigations into work activities and local knowledge of such
communities could help designers of new technologies understand of their
users better.
HISTORY OF ETHNOGRAPHY IN DESIGN:
A recent discovery
Prior to the link with anthropology, in 1980s and early 1990s several
researchers working in the field of design already initiated studies showing
the importance of situating product use in its sociocultural context.
AVANTI PATIL | DISHA GROVER | HARSH SINGH | SHUJIE ZHANG
ETHNOGRAPHY IN THE FIELD OF DESIGN _CHRISTINA WASSON_HUMAN ORGANISATION; WINTER 2000; 59,4; ProQuest Direct Complete_pg. 377
Jane Fulton Suri, IDEO: “ the person who knows how to watch people doing
things, and using products, as a way of inspiring designs”
Liz Sanders, Sonic Rim: Well known leader in ‘Participatory Design’
Lucy Suchman, Xerox PARC: She and the group of researchers she worked
with pioneered the use of ethnographic approaches in software design.
“how people work is one of the best kept secrets in America”
ETHNOGRAPHIC STUDY AT E-LAB
AEIOU Framework: to interpret observations
Activities:
Goal directed set of observations things which people want to accomplish
Environments: include the arena where activities take place.
Interactions:
Between the person and someone or something else and are the building
blocks of the activities.
Objects:
Building blocks of the environment. Meaning and context.
Users:
The people providing behaviors, preferences and needs.
Data Collection:
Participant observation: A fundamental approach to gaining insights.
Used to develop understanding of both how people shop and how they use
the products in their daily life. Researchers keep filed notes and often
capture impressions on videotape as well via mounted cameras or
handicams. The team comprised of usually 7 researchers. They met and
compared insights daily. 2-5 days were spent.
Mounted video cameras: the cameras were kept running during main
hours of the activity, usually about 8 hours in a day. This helped in
continuously monitoring a broad sample of work environments and
spaces.
Roving cameras: Desk tours and shadowing: Participant observers carried
handicams with them. “desk tours” were a kind of interview researchers
created for filedwork in office environments. “shadow” a particular
subject over the course of a workday was a second kind of roving camera
interaction.
Store intercept interviews: fieldworkers would ask shoppers to answer a
few questions in exchange for a small compensation. These were short
interviews that gave researchers key background information to interpret
shopping behaviors captured on camera.
In-depth interviews: conducted to learn about product use outside of work
settings. Open-ended conversations, but the researchers had a protocol or
list of issues to explore. These interviews provided information about
behavior that took place in settings where participant observation was not
feasible.
Photo narratives: consumers were given a disposable camera and asked to
take pictures according to a written guide developed for the occasion. After
the pictures were taken, researchers conducted interviews about them
which revealed personal meanings with which these individuals invested
their possessions.
Analysis:
Three groups of people collaborated in the process of data analysis:
researchers, designers, and members of the client company. The goal of
the data analysis was to develop a model that both interpreted the
ethnographic martials that had been collected and envisioned a solution
for the client.
CHEAP HYPE, EXPENSIVE SUBSTANCE:
Ethnography is currently fashionable in CSCW, but if it is to survive this kind
of attention then it is really important that the method find an effective
voice. Due to client confidentiality principles many project results remain
secret. Hence the value of current design projects is not yet known. Design
firms are not necessarily averse to hiring anthropologists; they may have
been unable to find ones with the adequate knowledge. And because of all
this the ethnography is becoming a pale concept.
The financial pressure also affects the outcomes of these design firms
since clients are under the impression that the research does not cost
much. We hope that the clients will realize over time. Anthropologists can
and should communicate the concerns to designers through various public
fora. We as designers should note that not only design can benefit from
anthropology, the reverse is true as well. Designers and researchers should
find more ways of collaboration, ways to share our experiences and
compare and learn from them.
IDUS: 711 (METHODS OF CONTEXTUAL RESEARCH)
ETHNOGRAPHY IN THE
FIELD OF DESIGN

What is Ethnography?
Ethnography is the branch of anthropology dealing with scientific description of
individual cultures. It is the study and systematic recording of human cultures.
It is also a descriptive work produced from such research.

Ethnography and designers: ethnography appeals to designers because

it provides a window onto the ways consumers interact with products in their
everyday lives. It promised to reveal a whole new dimension of the user to
the designer. It investigates what consumers ACTUALLY do, rather than
saying what they do.

Observations of naturally occurring consumer practices are widely credited

with helping manufacturers identify significant new product directions.

Designers, CSCW and Ethnography

Ethnography made its way in the field of design through research on computer
supported cooperated work (CSCW). CSCW is the interdisciplinary study
of how humans interact with computer software in the workplace. The
CSCW community primarily consists of social scientists and organizational
change specialists. Anthropologists have been a part of the CSCW
community from the start. They showed how ethnographic investigations
into work activities and local knowledge of such communities could help
designers of new technologies understand of their users better.

Before Ethnography, Designers used

1. Cognitive psychology
2. Market research

Local Culture of Hurricanes in Savannah | IDUS: 711 | Fall 2017 | SCAD Savannah 03
 History of Ethnography in Design
• It is a recent discovery.
• Prior to the link with anthropology, in 1980s and early 1990s several
researchers working in the field of design already initiated studies showing
the importance of situating product use in its sociocultural context.
• Jane Fulton Suri, IDEO: “ the person who knows how to watch people
doing things, and using products, as a way of inspiring designs”.
• Liz Sanders, Sonic Rim: Well known leader in ‘Participatory Design’.
• Lucy Suchman, Xerox PARC: She and the group of researchers she worked
with pioneered the use of ethnographic approaches in software design.
“How people work is one of the best kept secrets in America”.

AEIOU Framework: to interpret observations
Activities: goal directed set of observations – things which people want to accomplish.
Environments: include the arena where activities take place.
Interactions: between the person and someone or something
else and are the building blocks of the activities.
Objects: Building blocks of the environment. Meaning and context.
Users: the people providing behaviors, preferences and needs.

Data Collection
• Participant observation: A fundamental approach to gaining insights. Used to
develop understanding of both how people shop and how they use the products
in their daily life. Researchers keep filed notes and often capture impressions on
videotape as well via mounted cameras or handycams. The team comprised of usually
7 researchers. They met and compared insights daily. 2-5 days were spent.
• Mounted video cameras: the cameras were kept running during main hours of
 the activity, usually about 8 hours in a day. This helped in continuously
monitoring a broad sample of work environments and spaces.
• Roving cameras: Desk tours and shadowing: Participant observers carried
handycams with them. “desk tours” were a kind of interview researchers created
for fieldwork in office environments. “shadow” a particular subject over the
course of a workday was a second kind of roving camera interaction.
• Store intercept interviews: fieldworkers would ask shoppers to answer a few questions in
exchange for a small compensation. These were short interviews that gave researchers
key background information to interpret shopping behaviors captured on camera.
• In-depth interviews: conducted to learn about product use outside of work
settings. Open-ended conversations, but the researchers had a protocol or
list of issues to explore. These interviews provided information about behavior
that took place in settings where participant observation was not feasible.
• Photo narratives: consumers were given a disposable camera and asked to
take pictures according to a written guide developed for the occasion. After the
pictures were taken, researchers conducted interviews about them which revealed
personal meanings with which these individuals invested their possessions.

Analysis
Three groups of people collaborated in the process of data analysis:
researchers, designers, and members of the client company. The goal of the
data analysis was to develop a model that both interpreted the ethnographic
martial that had been collected and envisioned a solution for the client.

Local Culture of Hurricanes in Savannah | IDUS: 711 | Fall 2017 | SCAD Savannah 05
THE FLOW MODEL
To work effectively people, divide up
responsibilities among roles and co-
ordinate with each other while doing
it. All work in this world involves
other people to some extent. De-
partments in the company exist be-
cause a single person can’t get the
work done. The work must be
broken into parts, which then must
be coordinated. People in the de-
partment coordinate to get its work
done. The flow model represents
this communication and coordina-
tion necessary to make work
happen.
RECOGNIZING
COMMUNICATION FLOW
This model defines how the work is
broken up across people and how
people coordinate to ensure the
whole job gets done. This model
thinks on:
How do job responsibilities get as-
signed to people? What are the dif-
ferent roles people take on to get
work done? How do new tasks get
passed to a person? Who do they
get help from? Who do they have to
work with to accomplish their tasks?
How do they use physical spaces
and artifacts to help them coordi-
nate? Who do they give results to
and in what format?
Workflow represents every phone
call, email, document, conversation
between two or more people to get
job done; weather as a part of formal
or informal way to get the job done.
COORDINATION
Sheet metal lithographic
Any artifact receives or given out known as the expert on creating press operator
indicates coordination with forms. Each of the person doing a
Thermographic
someone else. job is inventing process and commu- Proof press operator
printer
Where did it come from? Who creat- nication mechanisms to support the
Letterpress proof
ed it? Who will see it next? We find work they need to do. They show press operator
out the whole story to see how the where the formal process definition
Rotary press operator
work fits together. of the organization is adequate and Lithographic
press operator
reveal opportunities for supporting
STRATEGY people’s needs more directly. Web pressman Printing Ink evaluation and
press operator
We need to think about what strate- Agency
gy is implicit in how the roles are Senior pressman
organized? Listen to how the cos- Assistant operator,
Flexographic press operator Vender printing press
tumers talk about their job? How do
they see themselves in the organiza- Gravure press operator
tion? What do they consider to be Intaglio printing
their unique contribution to their de- press operator Commercial press operator
partment? What is the unique contri-
Cylinder press operator
bution of the department to the
Worker
company? How does it further the
business? While we think about the
strategy we need to think about
such and many more questions like
CLIENT
these to complete the work effec-
tively and in time. COMPANY
Product
ROLES or
What makes a coherent role? Watch CEO
Sr. Executive se r vice
the tasks people do. How do they
hang together? Which tasks require Adver tising
similar knowledge, tools, procedures
or data? When does doing a tasks Agency
require knowledge? In order to give
Advertising
a good service, the service provider Jr. Executive
manager
needs to have a prior knowledge
and study in the same field.
Package Delivery Driver
INFORMAL STRUCTURE Warehouse Associate
We need to look at the ways people
go beyond the formal structures. For Warehouse Worker
MAILING Driver Helper
example, a secretary becomes SERVICE
Full-time City Driver Package Handler
Digital Data Platform Analyst
Automotive Mechanic
THE FLOW MODEL
 Creating a Bird’s-eye View
of the Organization
The flow model offers a bird’s eye view
of the organization, showing the people
and their responsibilities, the communi-
cation paths between people indepen-
dent of time, and the things communi-
cated—either tangible artifacts or intan-
gible coordination.
Represent locations, things,
and systems when they make
a place to coordinate.
Just as individual are annoted with their
responsiblities, places list their respon-
sibilities in supporting communication
and coordination. Automated systems
and databases usually should not go on
the flow.
Work task are ordered; they
unfold over time. But the steps
people take are’t random; they
happen the way chey do for a
purpose.
The action people take in doing
their work reveal their stategy, their
The flow model needs to capture how
work is really done, including all the infor-
mal interactions that make it work.
The real interactions
between people reveal
glitches in the work.
When communication breaks down –
people don’t get something they should
have recieved or don’t respond when a
response is needed.
The defined process of the organization is
not a good guide to how work is actually
accomplished.
From any one person’s point
of view, all work is series of
actions.
COLLECTING SEQUENCES
DURING AN INTERVIEW
Collect sequences in an interview by
The Five
Faces of Work
A person plays roles; a role has re-
ponsibilities, undertakes tasks, and
exchanges artifacts with each other.
Work models show design-
ers what to account for.
A Design Team needs to know
what they should make – what
work might be supported, what
the big problems are, what the
customer cares about? They need
to know what they must account for
in their design: the role and how
they interact, physical and cultural
influences and constraints. They
need to know how to structure their
design: the strategies people use to
get their work done, the way they
break up and think about their
work conceptually..
What you see in the work
determines what you will
think to build.
Instead of showing each customer
independently, the team shows the
The Physical Model
Work happens in a physical envi-
ronment that either supports and
enables the work or gets in the
way. Any Product or system must
live with the constraints of the
physical environment it exists. If it
ignores those constraints, it cre-
ates problems for it’s users.
The physical model re-
veals design constraints.
A system can create problems
for its users if they assume
things about the workplace that
were not true. Studying the users
workplace ensures that the
system accounts for the physiclal
environment.
THE IMPACT OF THE PHYSICAL
ENVIRONMENT
Organization of Space
Are there Stations?
How are they related to work?
Entry/Exit
E ry
Different sectors placed togeth-
er to make work flow more effi-
The physical model is a
caricature of the work-
cient or are similar stations
placed together to make man- place, not a floor plan.
agement efficient?
People reorganize their envi-
Division of Space ronment to reflect the work
Where are the walls? Do they they do. People restructure
follow the structure of work, or their workplace to support
do they provide an opportunity doing work in the way they
for discussion and problem prefer, to the extent they can.
solving? The structure they create mirror
their thoughts.
Movement reveals
The workspace maybe struc-
human preference and tured like a “bull pen” with su-
work needs. pervisor’s offices around the
outside. A person’s workspace
SHOWING WHAT MATTERS
can be an entire building (main-
IN THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
taining equipments) or can be a
A physical model is a drawing
cubicle. It can be cars or air-
of those aspects of the work-
planes if they work on road.
place that are related to project
focus. The physical model
shows how the physical envi-
ronment affects the work.
Waiting
n
Sink Microwave
c

Cabinet
Area
Are
ea

Fridge
Dishes
watching people work or by geting a common structure and patterns of
intent. Understanding customers’ Reception
the SEQUENCE model

detailed retrospective account of work accross all the customers: a Area

intent is the key to design. Pantry
their work. whole market, a department, or mul- Water
C
Cooler
tiple departments. Once consolidat- CEO’s Office
Of
Of Second inn
From any one person’s point of command’ss
ed, the design team can focus on a Office
view, all work is a series of actions. Capture actions at the level Book stand
Meeting
single statement of the work rather
A sequence model starts with the that matters for your project. than each individual.
Room
overall intent of the sequence and

Printer
the trigger that initiates it. Then it
Customers’ actions are This can be done by first observing,

TV Screen
lists each step in order, at whatever
level of detail the interview collect- never purposeless. inquiring into, and representing the Book stand Conference Room

work of specific individual. Then Sr. Level

ell
ed. Executives Cubicles
ub

Machine
Vending
Any glitch reveals a thought step. they can consolidate flow model to
Watch how automation removes effec- reveal the common roles and inter-
Understanding customer’s tive prompts to action. actions. Consolidated models make
intent is the key to design. the underlying pattern of work ac- Jr.
r. Level
L
Executives
E ec
Find the intents implied by the actions. cross customers. At the same time, Room
Ro
Ro
Key
Sequences may be studied at any they capture the variation into prac-
CEO
level of detail, from the high-level tice by each customer site.
Sequence models reveal the Sr. Executive
work to accomplish an overall task The design team can then decide Women’s
me Men’s
detailed structure of work. Restroom Restroom

Copier
Jr. Executive

Photo
to the detailed interaction steps what aspects of work they want Water
at
Printer Client/ Guest
with a particular user interface. to support. Cooler

AVANTI PATIL | DISHA GROVER | HARSH SINGH | SHUNJIE ZHANG IDUS:711 (METHODS OF CONTEXTUAL RESEARCH)

Local Culture of Hurricanes in Savannah | IDUS: 711 | Fall 2017 | SCAD Savannah 07
METHODOLOGY

We conducted a basic contextual research case study with an ethnographic lens.

A case study emphasizes on detailed contextual analysis of a limited number of
events or conditions and their relationships. Ethnographic research usually involves
observing subjects in their natural, real-world environment. It searches for meaning
and understanding of their social setting and relationships with their surroundings;
it aims to gather insight into how people live their everyday lives.

Our process started with conducting a secondary research on our topic, followed by
analyzing and visualizing the found data using tools from our course book –
101 Methods by Vijay Kumar. The second part of the process involved field work and
observations. This was then followed by conducting a cultural probe, and analyzing
the generated data from the same. We then identified our stakeholders, contacted as
many as we could and conducted interviews.

An integral part of the process was ‘Affinity Diagramming’. It is a process that

brings issues and insights across all customers and users together into one space.
We affinitized the collected data, concepts and trends.

Throughout the process we were challenged in ways we never thought we would

be, we dove into a culture of an emotional roller coaster, we had never experienced
before and observed situations from an ethnographic point of view. The process
gave us an understanding of the state of the people, their journeys and concerns
about the Hurricanes and everything they bring along.

Local Culture of Hurricanes in Savannah | IDUS: 711 | Fall 2017 | SCAD Savannah 09
TIMELINE

Cook and Eat Documenting Interviewing

A group activity to know All the data points from Stakeholders
you group members better the Cultural Probe for Primary Research

Class 1C lass 2 Class 3C lass 4 Class 5 Class 6 Class 7 Class 8 Class 9C

Week 1W eek 2W eek 3 Week 4W eek 5

Self Itroduction Selecting topic Implimenting Presentation-observation, Cultural probe Cultural probe Data statistics.
and team secondary research Stakeholders and mock-up and critique Class presentation Adapting tools for
design tools follow up inquiries data visualization

INTRODUCTION OBSERVATION CULTURAL PROBE DATA VISUALIZATION

to Ethnography Field Research TWO CULTURAL PROBES Visualizing all the
and contextual research. River street Primary research data points.
at different timings. and collecting data points.
 Transcribing Affinitizing Final Affinitization Final Presentation
all the data points Clustering the Clustering the concepts Presenting the potential solutions
on to Yellow Post-it Yellow Post-it and trends with the greens using the data collected

lass 10 Class 11 Class 12 Class 13 Class 14 Class 15 Class 16 Class 17 Class 18 Class 19 Class 20

Week 6 Week 7W eek 8 Week 9

Mid- Term evaluation Presentation Clustering blues, Clustering blues, Clustering greens Clustering greens Final Presentation
SCAD Museum Interviews of stakeholders in user voice, that best to form the pink clusters.
represents the yellow cluster

EXPERT INTERVIEWS AFFINITIZATION SYNTHESIS CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT TREND RESEARCH POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS
Stakeholder Synthesis of all the data Coming up with good pink’s Brainstorming and coming up Whats trending in the Solutions that help people
interviews points into relevant clusters. and blue (user voice). with concept sketches. field of Hurrinace and of Savannah to better
around the world. prepare for Hurricanes.

Local Culture of Hurricanes in Savannah | IDUS: 711 | Fall 2017 | SCAD Savannah 11
COOKING TOGETHER

Food is a culture, an identity, and cooking is a physical and nurturing

expression that shares this with people!

Cooking together was truly an icebreaker for us. It was an evening of

good conversations and some great Chinese food!

Local Culture of Hurricanes in Savannah | IDUS: 711 | Fall 2017 | SCAD Savannah 13
SECONDARY RESEARCH
Secondary research sometime referred
as desk research, involves the summary,
collation and/or synthesis of existing
research rather than primary research,
in which data are collected from, for
example, research subjects or
experiments. Care should be taken to
distinguish secondary research from
primary research that uses raw
secondary data sources. The key of
distinction is whether the secondary
source used has already been analyzed
and interpreted by the primary authors.
Involves the summary, collation and
synthesis of existing research. It is a
form of market research that is already
Local Culture of Hurricanes in Savannah | IDUS: 711 | Fall 2017 | SCAD Savannah
compiled and organized for us. In our
secondary research, we focused on
looking at the key facts about the
hurricanes that hit Savannah, scanned
through buzz reports and used tools
such as keyword bibliometric, landscape
innovation etc. to analyze our data from
the secondary research.
A key performance area in secondary
research is the full citation of original
sources, usually in the form of a
complete listing or annotated listing.
Secondary sources could include
previous research reports, newspapers,
magazines and journals as well as
government and NGO statistics.
17
 MEDICAL RELIEF EDUCATION PETS RELIGIOUS COMMENTS MARIA CLIMATE CHANGE WILDLIFE STORM WATCHERS POWER OUTAGE

DOMINICA MEXICO EARTHQUAKE VOLUNTEER DONATIONS PROPERTY DAMAGE TRUMP/ HUMOR FINANCE HUMOR IN LOSS DARK HUMOR BEFORE/ AFTER

FLOODS DISTRUCTION TRUMP ARCHITECTURAL IMPROVEMENTS POLITICS RECOVERY ADVERTISING STORM HOUR WIND SPEED OUTAGE INFORMATION

DARK HUMOUR HELPLINE POWER BACK-UP MILITARY DISEASES PET OWNERS POLICE PUBLIC AID CURFEW FOOD STOCKING

HUMOR DISPLACEMENT AGRICULTURE VOLUNTEERING HELP SCIENCE UNETHICAL ADVERTISING MARINES BLIND FAITH THE BLUE CAR

CLEAN UP CLIMATE CHANGE HOMELESS RED CROSS EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTES FOOD STORAGE HOMELESS WARNINGS GOVERNMENT POLICIES WASTE DISPOSAL

BUZZ
MOST FREQUENTLY OCCURRING
SENIOR CITIZENS SEWAGE FUNDING AND NGOs SOCIAL MEDIA EVACUATION DEDUCTIBLES
FREQUENTLY OCCURRING REPORT
+
MODERATELY OCCURRING
KEYWORD
LEAST OCCURRING
BIBLIOMETRICS
IGNORANCE TRUMP F.E.M.A AFTERMATH TRANSPORTATION FORECAST
Buzz Report and Keyword Bibliometrics
Buzz Reports helped us understand patterns of change and new developments
with respect to the Hurricane.

Keyword Bibliometric uses keywords to search through huge databases to find

relevant articles and writings. The list of documents generated through a search
is analyzed to understand the nature of what is being written about the topic or
uncover emergent non obvious relationships.
Trend Matrix
A trends matrix presents a high-level summary of how trends and forces of
change affect technology, business, people, culture, and policy. The matrix
offers an at-a-glance understanding of how trends impacted our project.

Technology Technology Technology Market Market Market Infrastructure Infrastructure Infrastructure

• Fundraising events • Airbnb • More Precise • Holiday traveling • Mandatory • Normal wooden • Concrete and wood • Only concrete or
• Radio and TV adds • Drones weather maps • Goods and services evacuation leading houses houses heavy duty houses
• Tesla • More precise travel • Escape routes • Bunkers
• Social media and escape maps using • Expensive were marked • Electronically
messaging apps smart phone • Medical expense • Manually marked marked blocked
help connect technology • Forced spending to roads roads
nabors and get help • Flying Robots store goods • Storm water pumps
• Amazon wish list (Drones opening up and raising of the
• Good weather to the wider range roads
forecast of application)
• Chips and tags in
case you get
Emerging

Emerging

Emerging
Formerl y

Formerl y

Formerl y
Currently

Currently

Currently
separated

Business Business Business Theft Theft Theft Transport Transport Transport

• Loss of business • Prior arrangement • People may start • Low theft rate • Growing theft rate • High security • Government and • Increase in
• Less supplies of supplies – buying supplies in houses institution frequency of
resulted in chaos Home Depot got advance as early • More ways of theft Transportation transportation
early notice hence prevention, prevention increase system made means
brought many • Insurance in law available to take • Increase in
supplies for those companies will start enforcements. people to places in transportation
in the storm path introducing new inland services.
policies • use of boats
Emerging

Emerging

Emerging
Formerl y

Formerl y

Formerl y
Currently

Currently

Currently
Local Culture of Hurricanes in Savannah | IDUS: 711 | Fall 2017 | SCAD Savannah 21
 09.01.2017

09.08.2017

09.15.2017

09.22.2017

09.29.2017
OCCURANCE

TIME
200%
IMPACT ON
180%
Population
160%
Financial
Senior Citizens 140%
Handicapped Citizens 120%
New SCAD Students
100%
Educational Institutions
80%
Students
Transportation 60%
Communication 40%
Homeless People
20%
Architecture
00%
Local Stores
Tourism -20%
Crime in Savannah -40%
Power/ Electricity
-60%
Natural Disaster Relief
-80%
Science and Technology
Information on News -100%
Social Media
Storm Watchers
Insurance Companies
Politics
Wildlife
Agriculture
Donations
Hospitals
People Evacuating
People who Stayed Back
Military
Pets and Pet Owners
Religious Beliefs

Innovation Landscape
The method creates a three-dimensional terrain map by plotting
the type of innovation on the X-axis, time on the Y-axis,
and number of occurrences of innovation activities as the
height dimension.
The landscape shows the intensity of innovation activities by the
height of the peaks, the diversity by the number of peaks, and
the pace of change by how many new peaks form and by the
change of their slopes.
Offering Activity
Culture Map
The Offering-Activity-Culture Map
uses three ways to look at innovation
opportunities: the “offerings” (products,
services) with their functions and
features, the “activities” people do with
those offerings and the “cultural context”
in which people use those offerings.
Mind Map
 Inactive Participation

Opportunity Map

Economy

Clean up Communication

Intangible
Safety
Tangible

Neighborhoods

Forecasting

Military NGOs
National Guard
Active Duty
Weather
People
Residents
Students
Gov’t Tourists
Federal
State
Science
Local

Active Participation

Key Facts Ten Types of Innovation Framework

Key Facts are concise pieces of
information from credible sources
that indicate the state of a given
topic. They helped us create a good
fact-based rationale, and were
starting points, indicating where to
go to find additional information.
The Ten Types of Innovation Framework, developed by Doblin, is a method
for surveying an industry (or sometimes an economic sector or an individual
organization) to understand and plot different types of innovations. Among the
four areas can be found ten distinct types of innovations. In the finance area,
there are business model and networking innovations.
OBSERVATION
Participant observation represent the
starting point of ethnographic research.
They are essential to identify and build
relationships. They give us an intuitive
and intellectual grasp of the way things
are organized and prioritized. They
enable the researcher to witness events
that outsiders wouldn’t be invited to
attend and to access situations that
might be hidden from the public.
For our participant observation, the
following locations were shortlisted:
River Street: to observe businesses,
footfall and the various activities that
take place on a regular day.
American Red Cross: to gain insights
of during and aftermath for the people
and how these NGOs managed and
helped them.
Local Culture of Hurricanes in Savannah | IDUS: 711 | Fall 2017 | SCAD Savannah
Departmental Stores: To observe a
wide range of people with diverse sets
of emotions. The amount spent, quantity
of groceries purchased on a regular day
and stocks.
SCAD Buildings: to observe new
students and how they coped up with
the newness and the challenges they had
to face.
Our team chose River Street as the final
location for observations as the area was
one of the most impacted ones, in terms
of flooding, tourism and wasted food.
We visited the area at two separate
times, during afternoon and evening
in order to understand and do a
comparative study of the footfall,
activities, and businesses in the at
distinct times.
We observed a varied number of things,
from the different kind of people to the
infrastructure and hence decided to
categories are observations under the
following headings:
1. People
2. Craft and other activities
3. River activities
4. Road and transportation
5. Shops and businesses
6. Signage
7. Tourist spots
8. Infrastructure
We observed our surroundings
on River Street, Savannah
Thursday: 11am to 1.30pm
Friday: 5 pm to 7.30 pm
27
Rive
r St
reet
People
• A casual atmosphere was observed.
• Most of the traffic appeared to be on
foot coming from all directions, easy,
west and the south.
• The people were generally not alone.
They were casually dressed in Tennis
shoes and flip flops with t-shirts and
jeans or shorts.
• They were walking in pairs or in
groups. The overall appearance in
the demographic skewed towards
the older.
• Large clusters were observed
around tourist kiosks and outside
restaurants, reading maps and
menus.
Local Culture of Hurricanes in Savannah | IDUS: 711 | Fall 2017 | SCAD Savannah
• Homeless people were observed on
both ends of the street, not where
the general population was.
• We overheard 6 different languages
in less than 30 minutes. Implying
diversity.
• We only observed 2 police patrols
with in a span of 2-3 hours.
• The parks were used to sit, rest
and smoke.
• Evening observation: more people
carrying beer glasses / similar
demographic as noted around noon /
more smoking.
Activities Observed
• Casually roaming round with maps
and beer in their hands, exploring
the place, taking selfies and
clicking pictures of the surroundings.
• Sitting on the benches, facing the
river, enjoying the scenic beauty of
the river and the fairies that go by.
• Feeding pigeons.
• Exercising
• Walking pets
31
Craft and Other Activities
• Local handicraft of making Savannah
roses with canes was observed at
different spots of river street. On
overhearing one of the conversations
we found out these craft artist sit
there 7 days a week. They were
licensed artists as an ID of ‘Savannah
crafts’ was observed on them.
• Painters: one specializing in canvas
oil paintings, exhibited his works
at one of the squares while he sat
and painted more. Tools: a paint
box, easel, brushes, water bottle
and a chair to sit one. Another
one observed specializing in spray
painting. Painted canvases and
objects like skate boards. A lot of
people gathered around this one had
2 pet dogs.
• There was a painter sitting in the
afternoon sun at one of the squares.
The paintings were oil painting. He
shifted according to the sunrays
Local Culture of Hurricanes in Savannah | IDUS: 711 | Fall 2017 | SCAD Savannah
trying to sit under the shadow. He
was sitting on the chair and with an
easel in front. He was working on
the same painting in the afternoon
and when I went again the next day
evening he was working on the same
painting. He was seen both in the
afternoon and evening.
• On the first the around 12:30 a
guitarist came to play the music. He
did not have any other setup except
his own guitar.
• Afternoon – More graphic style
paintings were there with much
varied subjects. This artist was sitting
in the same square with exactly the
same setup as in the afternoon. He
had displayed his work in the one
corner of the square.
• Another artist was sitting on a
stool by the board walk. He did
not have as such painting setup.
He was mostly using spray paint for
his artworks. He had two dogs. After
some time, a lady came sat on the
stone adjacent to the river fence and
started playing with his dogs. It seemed
that she knew him with the ways she
behaved when she first came that day.
• There were some portraits hanging
on the wall. It seemed that the artists
did these on the spot from the setup
it had. The artists could not be seen
that time. After same time the artist
was found since saw the artist asking
someone if they needed their portrait to
be drawn. This was the only lady artist
was seen on the whole river street. The
artists sitting on the river street inspire
people. One child around the age of
8-10 said “I am also an amateur artist.
I want to be like him”. The artist was
giving live demos in front of the public
which is not at all easy. It requires
tremendous amount of confidence.
33
River Activities
• The river traffic was quiet during this
observational period. The Savannah
Ferry did make several crossings
but there were only 16 vehicles that
moved up the river.
• There were lot of oil trailers and ships
at the river street bay area. Wonder
what must be their daily activity.
• There is one private dock with the
sign board put up on it. There were
two boats parked there.
• Georgia Queen moved at 1:10pm.
I have been to river street so many
times but never saw Georgia queen
moving from its particular location so
that was the new thing.
Local Culture of Hurricanes in Savannah | IDUS: 711 | Fall 2017 | SCAD Savannah
• Georgia Queen – People started
entering Georgia queen at 6pm.
• Unusual but true 90% of the people
entering Georgia queen were African
Americans. They were quite old. May
be in their late 40’s, 50’s and older
than that.
• Two people were jet skiing. In the
evening, a cargo ship crossed the
river street area.
• Every half an hour there is a ferry
which goes across the river street.
• The River Street Riverboat Company
offers views of the historic Savannah
River waterfront and numerous
landmarks along the way.
They offer various kind of tours:
Harbor Sightseeing Cruise, Dinner
Entertainment Cruise, Saturday
Lunch Cruise, Moonlight Cruise,
Savannah Riverboat Sunset
Cruise, Savannah Riverboat Harbor
Sightseeing Cruise, Savannah
Riverboat Dinner Entertainment
Cruise, Savannah Riverboat Lunch
Cruise, Savannah Riverboat
Moonlight Cruise, Savannah Riverboat
Gospel Dinner Cruise, Savannah
Riverboat Sunday Brunch Cruise.
35
Road and Transportation
• River Street is a narrow one-way
street moving from west to east. It
is old cobblestone with a trolley rail
down the center. The road maintains
a historic feel. The surface is uneven
and rough made out of rocks and
has areas of standing water. There
are footpaths on both the sides
made of bricks.
• Traffic is slow but consistent.
The traffic travels at just faster than
walking speed. There is a large
number of construction vehicles and
city trucks. The street is being used
for multipurpose. These construction
vehicles are heavy and are full to
capacity when traveling the street.
• It appears there is only one main exit
and that is at the far east end of the
street. There are a few alleyways
(6 for foot traffic only - 2 that
Local Culture of Hurricanes in Savannah | IDUS: 711 | Fall 2017 | SCAD Savannah
vehicles can access) that go up and constructed with stones. The
between the older buildings but they condition of the road is not great.
are cobbled and steep and the The road is uneven. It is tough
corners are tight. The electrical, water, to ride a bicycle and a car on in.
sewer is up to date but exposed to the Parking almost full at 12:25pm.
possibility of flooding. Parking lots • People were waiting in a queue for
are 75-80% full. parking. Footpath on the restaurant’s
• There are no wayfinding signs but side were crowded that the other side.
there are street signs. These bridges People were walking quite slow. 45
are small and cannot carry vehicles. cars parked in the paid parking lot.
People can walk on these bridges. Almost full parking, there was space
The view from the bridges is really for about 4-5 more cars.
soothing. You can see the river
directly without any obstruction.
These bridges are on the higher
lever that the water level. They are
at the same level of the bay street.
• There are rail tracks on the cobble
stone which is the mark that the
trains used to pass by that road.
The river street road is really old
37
Shop and Businesses
• Businesses are all facing the river.
• Most are in older brick buildings
with historic significance. The paint
on the windows and doors show
several layers.
• Some of the shops display goods
and services on the narrow
sidewalk. Most have their doors
open to River Street.
• Few restaurants have access from
the Bay street. In case of an
emergency that can be one of the
plan to evacuate people from the
river street.
• The signage is subdued. There
are no back lit signs that you see
outside of the historic district.
Local Culture of Hurricanes in Savannah | IDUS: 711 | Fall 2017 | SCAD Savannah
• There is a low key approach to The items delivered included linens,
signage. Most are not super bright alcohol, food products and general
colors. Muted tones. Natural packages.
materials. • Delivery trucks double parked on River
• Awnings are also used for space for Street to make their drop offs.
the business name. There may be a • The convention center across the river
code of appearance (assumption). does not have as much traffic based
• The shops brought their business on initial observation.
onto the streets. Using message
boards, kiosks, menu boards, and
associates interacting with the
foot traffic.
• Businesses commonly include cotton
and river in their names.
• The shops also receive their
merchandise through the front doors.
39
Infrastructure
• The scene looks like it has been
retrofit into a historic site. Bay Street
was not originally meant for this type
of business.
• There are lots of trash cans placed
along the street. Very little large trash
items on the ground. It’s generally
clean in appearance. Trash cans on
the river street were open and had
lot of coffee cups and other plastic
materials. There was nothing really
different in each bin.
• The river walk is of newer
construction with smoother surfaces
and newer infrastructure, (concrete,
steel, aluminum, stone).
• The river street road is really old and
constructed with cobble stones. The
condition of the road is not great
since the road is uneven. It is tough
to ride a bicycle and a car on in.
• There are no way finding signs but
there are street signs. Dumpsters
that the businesses use are located
behind and up by the historic sea
Local Culture of Hurricanes in Savannah | IDUS: 711 | Fall 2017 | SCAD Savannah
wall. They smell and are not that far
from foot traffic walkways.
• There is an odd amount of noise
from all directions. It could be from
construction, the businesses playing
music, the river boat, the river and
street traffic.
• There is parking but there isn’t a lot
of parking for the number of people
that are walking in the area.
• Electrical boxes, phone line
connection boxes are located in the
common areas along the river walk.
There are electrical lines coming
into the businesses from above.
• The gas lines and meters are
present on each building, nearly
all have them on the front of the
building. Bay street separates the
business district from the river walk
park. Both have distinctly different
feelings. Bay street has most of the
foot traffic and the river walk is used
to stop and relax for a moment.
• The river walk is newer and has a different
construction method applied then up on
River Street. There is a built-in watering
system for the planters.
• There are water lines, electric lines that are
on the edge of the river walk that would be
exposed to the river in a disaster.
• ADA compliance is nearly non-existent.
• Several bridges to get to the river street.
Constructed of steel with the bottom
in wood.
• There were 3 safety boxes with flotation
device. There were no safety instructions.
• The Hyatt Regency hotel was the only
place where anyone can take cover during
inclement weather. People can actually
enter from the doors located under the
tunnel to be safe.
41
Nature and Environment
Tourist Spots
Signage
Summary

River Street is a vibrant and historic area. It is centered around tourism, shopping,
dining, river walk and river experiences. There is a well-established economic base
for the city of Savannah. There is a secondary business with the street vendors,
artists and musicians.

While we were in the process of observation we all concluded that River Street
is vulnerable to the effects/after effects of Hurricanes.

The business is rooted in these century plus old buildings. The infrastructure has
been retrofit with a consideration for historic preservation. This approach does
create some vulnerability to the loss of business in the case of a disaster. Our
observations all keyed in on the artisan in the park. Without the traffic in the area
they have no business either. This was a topic that piqued our interest.

Local Culture of Hurricanes in Savannah | IDUS: 711 | Fall 2017 | SCAD Savannah 45
CULTURAL PROBE

Cultural Probes are provocation instruments given to participants to inspire new Cultural probes are a technique used to
form of self-understanding and communication about their lives, environments, inspire ideas in a design process. It serves
thoughts and interactions. as a means of gathering inspirational data
about people’s lives, values, and thoughts.
Probes are a technique used to inspire ideas in a design process. It serves as a
means of gathering inspirational data about people’s lives, values and thoughts. A good cultural probe has the
They consist of any number of materials designed to inspire people to thoughtfully following attributes:
consider personal context and circumstances, and respond to the design team in • Generates maximum datasets
unique, creative ways facilitated by the provocations. Cultural probe studies have • Self-reporting
used postcards, maps, journals, cameras, recording devices, and various pieces of • Fun and interactive
text and imagery to guide personal responses. • Clear instructions
• Relevant context
Since the scope of our topic was large in terms of the intensity of the topic and the • Ethical
diversity of the variables attached to it, we chose to focus on the physical and • Heart-based questions
emotional impact of the Hurricane on people and the sources of information they • Brain-based questions
relied upon. • Good eye level management

Local Culture of Hurricanes in Savannah | IDUS: 711 | Fall 2017 | SCAD Savannah 47
 Cultural Probe
Prototyping
Since the scope of our topic was large
and challenging in terms of the intensity of
the topic and the diversity of the variables
attached to it, we chose to focus on the
physical and emotional impact of the
Hurricane on people and the sources of
information they relied upon.

Prototype 1: Hurricane Troubles?

Prototype 2: Share your Feelings.

Local Culture of Hurricanes in Savannah | IDUS: 711 | Fall 2017 | SCAD Savannah 49
 Tokens
Cultural Probe Prototype 2

Box Layout for

the Tokens to be
placed inside.
 Space for
writing
suggestions

Drop Slots
SADNESS ANGER FEAR JOYFUL
Tired Anxious Excited
Guilty Helpless Hopeful
Bored Insecure Trusting
Lonely Rejected Content
Ashamed Confused Creative
Depressed Submissive Energetic
Thoughtful
Feedback from Class
On the basis of the feedback given to us, we were asked to refine
the concept of our probe, focus on only the emotional journey of
people, have a more empathetic approach, make it less complicated
and give a platform to people for expressing themselves freely.
Cultural Probe 01
The Emotional Triangle
As ‘Hurricane’ is a
sensitive topic, we had
to approach our probe
with caution and care.
There were three sections of the probe:
Section 1: ‘The Strongest Emotion’
In this section, we wanted to know about
the strongest emotion experienced by
people out of the following:
Anger | Sadness | Fear | Joy
Section 2: ‘We Care and We Want
You to Share’
This was a more open-ended section,
in which we provided people a platform
to openly express how they felt before,
during and after the hurricane.
Local Culture of Hurricanes in Savannah | IDUS: 711 | Fall 2017 | SCAD Savannah
Section 3: ‘Let’s Talk!’
A platform was given to people to share
their experiences with us.
The probe was placed at two locations:
FORSYTH PARK, SAVANNAH, GA
7th Oct, 2017 Saturday, 4pm to 7:30pm
We had 88 participants for section 1,
54 people wrote about their feelings on
before, during and after the hurricane,
and we had 4 people who actually came
and shared their experiences with us.
GULFSTREAM CENTER OF DESIGN
12th to 19th Oct, 2017
Our probe was then placed at
Gulfstream Center of Design for one
week.
We had 292 participants for section 1,
63 people wrote about their feelings on
before, during and after the hurricane.
Though we generated a good amount
of data from our probe, a possible
improvement we could have made was
making one of the three sections a
‘solution based’ section.
55
Venn Diagram using
Before, During and After
from Forsyth Park Data
Data Visualization from Forsyth Park
STAKEHOLDER MAP

Stakeholder mapping is a collaborative process of research, debate, and discussion

that draws from multiple perspectives to determine a key list of stakeholders across
the entire stakeholder spectrum. Mapping can be broken down into four phases:

1. Identifying: listing relevant groups, organizations, and people

2. Analyzing: understanding stakeholder perspectives and interests Stakeholder
3. Mapping: visualizing relationships to objectives and other stakeholders Map

4. Prioritizing: ranking stakeholder relevance and identifying issues

Affected

The process of stakeholder mapping is as important as the result, and the quality of
Less Affected
the process depends heavily on the knowledge of the people participating.

Local Culture of Hurricanes in Savannah | IDUS: 711 | Fall 2017 | SCAD Savannah 71
INTERVIEWS

We conducted interviews with some of David

our stakeholders. They helped us explore
the topic and the plight of the people of
Savannah more deeply.
The interviews we conducted were
done with various people affected by
the Hurricanes in Savannah and from
different backgrounds.
Interviewees:
• Owner of China Town
(Grocery Store on Henry Street)
Bradtord Martin
• Resident of Jacksonville
• Senior Citizen
• Pet Owner
Soundarya Soundaryarajan
• SCAD, International Student

David Simons Shen Zhang

• Lt. General in National Guard • SCAD, International Student

Andrew Gary Dunning

• Manager at Warehouse • Craftsman on River Street
Bar and Grill on River Street • Stayed in Shelter Home

Charles Hall Josh Un

• Director, SCAD Transportation • Home Owner in Savannah

Frances Krieg Ana Turner

• Manager at Olympia Cafe • Home Owner
(Restaurant on River Street)
• Single Mother Chen Yiming
• SCAD, International Student

Local Culture of Hurricanes in Savannah | IDUS: 711 | Fall 2017 | SCAD Savannah 73
Impactful Quotes

“There was more flooding during Matthew than Irma, but the
sstores didn’t get flooded.”
– Andrew, Manager at Warehouse

“We try to take care of all students within reason.”

– Charles Hall, Director of Transportation, SCAD

“You are safe, you have made some money, it’s over, now you
ccan sleep. So, there is no more adrenaline. It’s done.”
– Frances Krieg, Manager at Olympia Cafe

“People are going to worry about coming to Savannah if the

hhurricanes keep coming every year.”
– Frances Krieg, Manager at Olympia Cafe
“You know you can help it, fix it, but you can’t do anything.
FFeeling that powerless is the scariest thing.”
–Soundarya Sondaryarajan, SCAD Student

“You can do, say whatever you want, but in the end we are
j just collateral damage.”
– Soundarya Sondaryarajan, SCAD Student

“If the hurricane is going to affect us, the first thing we do is

gget our planes out of there. We can’t help our community or
nneighbors if our planes are damaged.”
–David Simons, Lt. Gen. of National Guards

“The priorities are established by the government and FEMA,

wwhich is usually water and food.”
–David Simons, Lt. Gen. of National Guards
AFFINITIZATION

Affinity diagramming or rather affinitizing was done post all the data collection.
It is a process that brings issues and insights across all customers and users together
into one space and allows us to see issues for all users, not just one individual.

Local Culture of Hurricanes in Savannah | IDUS: 711 | Fall 2017 | SCAD Savannah 77
The Yellows
All the data points were scribbled on
yellow post-its from all the research
done so far. It was interesting to see
that we generated almost over 600
data points.

In the following stages, we were

required to cluster them together.
We used our intuition, avoided
preconceptions and tried to find
underlying messages in the collected
data points to cluster them.
The Blues
The blues are in the voice of the
user. They tell you what matters to
the user, without having to look at
the individual data.
The Pinks
The pinks are also in the voice
of the user and reveal key issues
important to the user.
The Greens
The greens may not necessarily
be in the voice of the user. They
reveal the core stories or insights.
Narrowed
Down
Greens
Concept Sketches

Affinitizing the ‘parking-lot’

We individually developed 50 concepts each as potential
design solutions, based on all the data we collected. The
greens were then affinitized with these concepts. We found
various overlaps and recurring themes our concepts on topics
of preparedness, evacuation, the well-being of pets and their
evacuation, infrastructural improvements and recycling and
waste management post the hurricane.
Trend Research

The last affinitzation was of trends related to our topic

and some general trends indirectly related to our topic.
We looked up at the Internet for latest trends all around
the world. Each member of the team brought 10 Trends,
5 related to the topic (Hurricanes) and 5 unrelated.

The unrelated trends were more of help as they gave a

perspective away from what we had been looking at for
past 8 weeks. We later incorporated these trends with
the greens and got some potential solutions.

Local Culture of Hurricanes in Savannah | IDUS: 711 | Fall 2017 | SCAD Savannah 91
 + +
User Generated Data Concepts
 =
Trends Potential Solution

Local Culture of Hurricanes in Savannah | IDUS: 711 | Fall 2017 | SCAD Savannah 93
2x2 Matrix
Design Fiction

VolunteerMe App
Cheap Expensive
Just A Rather Very Intelligent System

Approachable Info about Evac Plan

Communication Back-Up Plan

Emotional AI

A One Act

Hunting Hurricanes

Hunger Alert

The Barrier

Spontaneous Shelter

Currently Feasible
SWOT Analysis
A quick review of the potential solutions based on their strengths, weaknesses,
opportunities and threats to understand the areas of improvement and it’s feasibility.

Local Culture of Hurricanes in Savannah | IDUS: 711 | Fall 2017 | SCAD Savannah 95
Local Culture of Hurricanes in Savannah | IDUS: 711 | Fall 2017 | SCAD Savannah 97
OUR OFFERINGS

On the basis of the areas of opportunities we found in our narrowed down greens,
during the process of affinitization, the following are our final offerings:

Storm Store: An app, which is an initiative by Federal Emergency Management

Agency (FEMA) to help prepare people for the Hurricane.

Hurry-Game: A family board game to educate and prepare all members and age
groups of the family about the Hurricane.

Enki Helps: An app by Enki, the most trusted source of Hurricane tracking by
Savannah, giving people a platform to know about hurricane, information about
evacuation, volunteering and encouraging community building.

Pulse: An inbuilt feature that enables offline communication.

Alice: An experiential and educational Hurricane Museum.

Local Culture of Hurricanes in Savannah | IDUS: 711 | Fall 2017 | SCAD Savannah 99
BEFORE WE STARTED THE
PRESENTATION WE HAD A
TREASURE HUNT FOR THE
AUDIENCE

Hunt for Preparedness

Fear, anxiety and uncertainty are the
three strongest emotions experienced
by the residents of Savannah.

We planned a small activity for our

classmates with an intent to give
them an idea about how chaotic and
stressful the scenario is, when put in
that situation. ‘Hunt for preparedness’
was a game of treasure hunt, wherein
we alerted our classmates about a
hurricane, and gave them 7 minutes
to gather all the necessary tools and
supplies for protecting themselves and
their homes. The supplies in the form of
clues were spread across Gulfstream
Center of Design.

The emotions experienced by them

were: anxiety, stress, excitement
and confusion.

The following are our offerings.

STORM STORE

Amidst all the chaos and panic and the battle

between logic and emotions, we don’t know how to
best prepare ourselves for the hurricane.
What should we grab? Do we have all the supplies to keep our homes safe?
Is there enough food and water for everyone? What if the power goes off?
Where are the documents? - A list of questions responsible for increasing anxiety
in an already stressful situation. The uncertainty of everything takes a toll on us,
we’re confused and lost. We feel displaced. A helping hand and some empathy is
all we need.

Presenting Storm Store - an initiative by FEMA to make sure you have everything
you need in order to protect and prepare yourselves, your families and homes.
As a responsible and empathic government, FEMA truly cares.

Amidst all the chaos we are sure you would have missed our other insights, we’d
now like to give you a tour through them.
 ER
Richard M. Sullivan
Administrator
FEMA Emergency Management Agency

National Processing Service Center

P.O. Box 10379

TT
Hyaatsville, MD 20784

Date: September 2, 2017

PREPARATION FOR HURRICANE

Dear Resident,
LE
As you are aware that hurricane Katrina is predicted to hit our city, we want to assure that
you are well prepared. ‘Strom Store’ is a one stop shop for all the supplies and items you
may require, to protect and sustain yourselves, your families and your homes during this
difficult time.

Simply scan the QR code below to view and order the supplies you need, and your
customized hurricane kit will arrive at your door step on the same day.

We understand it is a tough situation, and amidst all the chaos, we want to be as helpful as
we can.
K

Hoping and wishing for the wellbeing of you and your loved one.

Sincerely,
OC

Gerard D. Charles
Federal Coordinating Officer
Disaster Recovery Management
FEMA
M

SCAN QR CODE www.fema.gov

ENKI HELPS

What should we grab? Do we have all the supplies to

keep our homes safe? Is there enough food and water
for everyone? What to do when the power goes off?
We are the Enki Helps.
Enki researchers – a friend in need for the locals of Savannah. Many residents relied
on the accuracy of their reports to make important decisions during the hurricane.
Introducing ‘Enki Helps’ a customized disaster App, designed especially for the
people of Savannah.

Assuring genuineness and reliability. The only source of information you need to
track the hurricane and plan evacuation.
PULSE

“ Even with all our technology and the inventions that make modern life so much
eeasier than it once was, it takes just one big natural disaster to wipe all that away
aand remind us that, here on Earth, we’re still at the mercy of nature.”

– Neil deGrasse Tyson

When a disaster strikes, we’re most concerned about

the well-being of our loved ones. Getting in touch with
them, in this difficult time becomes a challenge. Even
for the military, communication during a natural
disaster is one of the biggest tumbling blocks.
‘Pulse’ is an inbuilt feature in our phones, that enables offline communication during
a disaster. The feature is only activated in the course of a natural disaster, when
your phone is on airplane mode and is unable to catch signals. The feature, when
activated, allows an exchange of 3 text messages (150 characters for each text),
with the contacts on your emergency list.
 NO ELECTRICITY
Instructions:
Player get money tokens and prep
cards at the beginning of the game.
NO BATTERY CANNED FOODS WATER RUNS OUT Each player gets a chance to roll the
dice. By landing on different spots
the player buys (using money token)
or uses the prep cards to move
forward in the game.
The most prepared player wins.
HURRY-GAME

Family; a circle of strength and love. With every birth and union, it grows, with every
crisis faced together, the circle gets stronger.

The ‘hurry-game’ is a family game that prepares you

for all the possible variables you can encounter in
case a Hurricane strikes. An interactive and engaging
way to educate all age groups.
This game focuses on the age group sixteen and above. The game’s design is very
simple so that player of all age group can understand the instructions written on the
board. The game consists of preparedness cards, money tokens, physical board,
dice and position token.
ALICE

Named after the first real human-name

storm, ‘Alice is a experiential Hurricane
theme park in Savannah.
From the history of Hurricanes, to game like treasure-hunt that put
you in an emotional roller-coaster, to an actual indoor 3D roller coaster
ride, making you experience the physical distress and damage caused
by the disaster, ‘Alice’ educates and enables a virtual tour of the
implications and seriousness of the disaster.
FINAL LEARNINGS

In these intense and exciting 9 weeks, we were introduced to various tools to conduct
contextual research, we were challenged and at many points, we exceeded our own
expectations. These are our final takeaways -

• Always be ethical in your approach.

• The process of research is non-linear.
• Ethnography is inductive, not deductive.
• Teamwork and working on your strengths in crucial.
• Research design is a balance of logic and emotions.
• Empathy: An essential tool for an ethnographic research.
• While conducting participant observations, assumptions should not be made.
• Ethnography is integral in the field of design, in order to truly understand the user.

Local Culture of Hurricanes in Savannah | IDUS: 711 | Fall 2017 | SCAD Savannah 121
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Books and Readings
101 Design Methods by Vijay Kumar
Universal Methods of Design by Bella Martin & Bruce Hanington
Ethnography in the field of Design - Christina Wasson
Essential Ethnographic Methods - Stephen L. Schensul, Jean J. Schensul, Margaret D. LeCompte
Learning from the Field - William Foote Whyte with Kathleen King Whyte
Research Methods in Anthropology- Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches - H.Russell Bernard
Designing and Conducting Ethnographic Research- Jean J. Schensul, Margaret D. LeCompte
Lost in Translation? Ethics and Ethnography in Design Research- Christine Miller
Techniques to Identify Themes in Qualitative Data- Gary W. Ryan, H. Russell Bernard
Contextual Design: Defining Customer-Centered Systems - Hugh Beyer, Karen Holtzblatt

Links
• http://c8.alamy.com/comp/J01WK6/confused-worried-young-casual-man-with-hand-on-chin-looking-away-full-J01WK6.jpg
• http://www.savannahga.gov/hurricane
• http://savannahnow.com/2017-09-11/updated-savannah-residents-describe-hurricane-irma-s-impact
• http://savannahnow.com/hurricane-guide/news/2017-09-11/photos-river-street-and-after-hurricane-irma
• https://patch.com/georgia/savannah/very-little-damage-reported-savannah-monday-hurricane-irma
• http://www.ajc.com/entertainment/savannah-walloped-tybee-island-swamped-irma/YvLcqdKyIhAwqaSTACnw2O/
• http://www.al.com/news/index.ssf/2017/09/hurricane_irma_georgia_college.html
• http://www.cnn.com/2017/09/11/us/hurricane-irma-weakens-to-category-1-storm/index.html
• https://www.eater.com/2017/9/25/16361406/savannah-hurricane-irma-the-grey-stayed-open
• http://www.wtoc.com/category/79778/wtoc-hurricane-center
• https://www.chathamemergency.org
• http://savannahnow.com/hurricane-guide-news/2016-10-13/after-aerial-shots-hurricane-matthew-damage-savannah-tybee
• http://www.greenvilleonline.com/story/news/2016/10/08/update-savannah-frustrated-tybee-island-residents-denied-return/91784110/
• http://www.savannahmagazine.com/5-tips-hurricane-prep/https://www.savannahstate.edu/hurricane/
• https://www.facebook.com/enkiops/?hc_ref=ARR9Ud_xZ9t55ly53-6gPqdih9LHjxm_FDAd8nP5Ov-4MO4elKhzZUrxPhGNRuGuKY4&fref=nf
• https://www.facebook.com/NASAGoddard/?hc_ref=ARQStKUAPKVkR2Ne8_0_j82u-aRBumQB4tuWkdIr7RYr8n800K9svu9oPHHqAILA2xE&fref=nf
• https://www.facebook.com/businessinsider/?hc_ref=ARRuYYp-mffnoIv2VrV5fvPjxnV3kDdQDg19-2T5K7-Atm_IMOJLv_n5C-VVeQdnDVY&fref=nf
• http://www.enkiops.org/enki_research/Welcome.html
• http://www.fldfs.com/HurricaneInsuranceTaskForce/TaskforceRS2/Appendix2/3LTTF.pdf
• http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[0038:DOASTT]2.0.CO;2/abstract
• https://www.accuweather.com/en/weather-news/how-do-hurricanes-get-their-names/70001889
• http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutnames.shtml
• http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/nws-nhc-6.pdf
• http://www.acstechnologies.com/blog/community/disaster-relief-impact-technology
• http://www.hurricanescience.org/society/risk/currentandemergingtech/
• https://techliberation.com/2017/09/14/4-ways-technology-helped-during-hurricanes-harvey-and-irma-and-1-more-it-could-have/
• https://www.unisdr.org/2001/campaign/pdf/Kit_2_The_Role_of_Science_and_Technology_in_Disaster_Reduction.pdf
• http://fortune.com/2017/08/31/home-depot-hurricane-harvey-damage-impact/
• https://www.mnn.com/earth-matters/climate-weather/stories/can-we-stop-hurricanes
• https://techcrunch.com/2017/08/29/tech-companies-harvey-houston-fundraising/
• http://www.nytimes.com/1999/09/15/us/hurricane-floyd-the-city-slowly-and-testily-savannah-empties.html?mcubz=0
• http://savannahnow.com/hurricane-guide/news/2017-06-10/hurricane-season-can-mean-big-deductibles-chatham-county-homeowners
• http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/miami-dade/miami-beach/article129284119.html

Local Culture of Hurricanes in Savannah | IDUS: 711 | Fall 2017 | SCAD Savannah 127
• https://www.epa.gov/green-infrastructure/benefits-green-infrastructure
• https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/03/emerging-tech-2015-sense-and-avoid-drones/
• https://www.accuweather.com/en/weather-news/winter-weather-crime-property-theft/41085183
• https://journalistsresource.org/studies/government/criminal-justice/crime-disaster-hurricane-earthquake-research
• http://www.academia.edu/1195341/An_Evaluation_of_the_Impact_of_Hurricane_Katrina_on_Crime_in_New_Orleans_Louisiana
• https://www.geog.uni-heidelberg.de/md/chemgeo/geog/lehrstuehle/gis/leitner_helbich_2011.pdf
• http://www.city-data.com/city/Savannah-Georgia.html
• https://www.huduser.gov/portal/periodicals/USHMC/reg/SavannahGA_HMP_Jan2015.pdf
• http://www.thempc.org/docs/lit/compplan/2016/Dec/Chp2.pdf
• http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/08/140829-ten-years-of-hurricanes-tropical-storms-graphic/
• https://twitter.com/search?q=%23irma&src=typd
• https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2017/09/07/images-and-charts-that-tell-irma-story/E3uje34cRQB515LDA2q42O/story.html
• http://www.cnn.com/2017/09/24/us/hurricane-maria-us-east-coast/index.html
• https://twitter.com/SamaritansPurse
• http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/florida-keys/article174907241.html
• https://twitter.com/search?q=%23IrmaHurricane2017&src=tyah
• https://patch.com/georgia/savannah/hurricane-irma-savannah-evacuees-get-free-bus-service-staging-area
• https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2017/national/what-irma-looked-like/?tid=a_inl&utm_term=.1cf98dc8ea9f
• http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/08/140829-ten-years-of-hurricanes-tropical-storms-graphic/
• http://mashable.com/2017/11/03/sony-aibo-robot-pet/?utm_cid=sv-nextup-right#M2rYXFigNGqH
• http://mashable.com/2017/09/25/cesar-millan-leaving-dogs-at-home/#pZB75Ib1wqq2
• https://www.nbcnews.com/mach/science/hurricanes-show-why-drones-are-future-disaster-relief-ncna799961
• https://www.digitaltrends.com/cool-tech/drones-hurricane-research/ - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pRkjsMWgFxo
• https://www.packagedfacts.com/Dog-Cat-Toys-Pet-Trends-Opportunities-11002400/
• https://www.packagedfacts.com/Durable-Dog-Cat-10522406/
• https://www.packagedfacts.com/Pet-Litter-Clean-10083348/
• https://www.packagedfacts.com/Pet-Insurance-North-7838481/
• https://stluciatimes.com/2017/11/05/afghanistan-orders-whatsapp-ban
• http://www.govtech.com/em/disaster/5-Trends-Emergency-Management-2014.html
• https://www.usnews.com/news/business/articles/2017-10-06/us-hurricane-damage-likely-depressed-job-growth-in-september
• https://www.vox.com/explainers/2017/9/18/16314440/disasters-are-getting-more-expensive-harvey-irma-insurance-climate
• https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/billions/events.pdf
• https://www.vox.com/explainers/2017/9/18/16314440/disasters-are-getting-more-expensive-harvey-irma-insurance-climate
• https://www.google.nl/search?q=people+moving+from+hurricane+regions&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&gws_rd=cr&dcr=0&ei=7M8AWuCqJ-XAgAbQnKIw
• https://www.orangeobserver.com/article/how-hurricanes-affect-home-market
• http://3blmedia.com/News/Hurricane-Harvey-Unique-Ways-Companies-Are-Stepping
• http://www.csrwire.com/press_releases/40346-Growing-Number-of-Companies-Opt-for-Locally-Driven-Hurricane-Relief-Efforts-Reports-GlobalGiving
• https://www.childtrends.org/resources-help-children-aftermath-hurricane/
• https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=744835
• https://www.google.com/search?q=f.+grandifolia&rlz=1C5CHFA_
enUS725US725&oq=F+grandofolia+&aqs=chrome.1.69i57j0j69i64l3.5000j0j1&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

Local Culture of Hurricanes in Savannah | IDUS: 711 | Fall 2017 | SCAD Savannah 129
CONSENT FORMS
“Memories of our lives, of our works and
our deeds will continue in others.”
–Rosa Parks