1040 | Mechanical Engineering Design Table A-20 Deterministic ASTM Minimum Tensile and Yield Strengths for Some Hot-Rolled (HR) and Cold-Drawn (CD) Steels (The strengths listed are estimated ASTM minimum values in the size range 18 to 32.mm (3 to 1} in), These strengths are suitable for use with the design factor defined in Sec. 1-10, provided the materials conform to ASTM A6 or AS68 requirements or ate required in the purchase specifications, Remember that a numbering system is not a specification.] | Source: 1986 SAE Handbook. p. 2.15, Py 3 4 5 a 7 8 boridy Yield Cr ee eC CNS A a Ct ac ee 610060 1006 HR 30043) 170 24) 30 35 86 D304) 2801) 20 4s 95 G10100 1010 HR 32047) 180 26) 28 50 95 cD 37063) 300 44) 20 40 105 Gi01s0 101s, HR 40 (50) 190 27.5) 28 50 101 cD 39056) 3204) 18 40 uu ai01s0 1018. HR 400 (58) 220.2) 25 50 16 D406) 37064) 15 40 126 ‘G10200 1020 HR 38055) 2100) 2s 50 a D470 68) 390 57) 15 40 BL G10300 1030 HR 470 68) 260 87.5) 20 a 137 cD 520,76) 440 (64) 12 35 149 G10350 1035 HR 50072) 270 (39.5) 18 40 13 cD 550,80) 460 (67) 2 3s 163 G10400 1040 HR 52076) 290 (42) 18 40 149 cD 590,(85) 490 (71) 2 35 170 G10450 1045 HR 57082) 31045) 16 40 163 cD 60D S30) 2 3s 179 G10500 1050 HR 62090) 340 (49.5) 15 35 179 D690 (100) 580 (84) 10 30 197 610600 1060 HR 68098) 370.54) 2 30 201 ‘G10800 1080 HR 770 (112) 420 61.5) 10 2s 29 610950 1095 HR $30,120) 460 (66) 10 25 288Useful Tobles | 1041 Table A-21 ‘Mean Mechanical Properties of Some Heat-Treated Steels, [These are typical properties for materials normalized and annealed. The properties for quenched and tempered (Q&T) steels are from a single heat. Because of the many variables, the properties listed are global averages. In all ceases, data were obtained from specimens of diameter 0.505 in, machined from I-in rounds, and of gauge length 2 in. unless noted, all specimens were oil-quenched.] | Souce: ASM Metals Reference Book, 2d ed, American Society for Metals, Metals Patk, Obi, 1983, 3 4 B 6 Ed By Tensi Yield Se ee eee Lec eC es) a fee td 1030 art 205 (400) 848 (123) 648 (04) 0 a7 495 err 315 (600) 800 (116) 621 (90) 9 3 401 ert 425 (800) 731 06) 579 (84) 2B 60 302 ere 540 (1000) 659. (97)—SIT 95), 28 65 255 ert 650 (1200) 586 (85) 441 (64) 32 70 207 Normalized 925 (1700) 521. (75) 345 (50), 32 ot 149 Annealed 870 (1600) 430 (62) 317 (46) 38 64 137 140 Q&T 205 (400) 779 (113) 593 (86) 9 48 262 et 425 (800) 758 (110) $52 (80) a 54 2a ar 650 (1200) 634.02) 434 (63) 29 65 192 Normalized 900 (1650) 590 (86) 374 (54) 28 55 170 Annealed 790 1450) S19. 7) 353. SD) 30 37 149 1050 Qa 205 (400) 1120 (163) 807 (117) 9 2 sia ere 425 (800) 1080 (158) 793 (11S) B 36 as ur 650 (1200) 717 0) 538 (78) 28 65 235 Nomaalized 900 (1650) 748 (108) 427 (62) 20 39 27 Annealed 790 (1450) 636 (92) 365 (53), ey 40 187 1060 Q&T 425 (800) 1080 156) 765 I) 4 41 3 Quer 540 (1000) 965 (140) 669 (97) ” 45 27 er 1650 (1200) 800 (116) 524 (76) 2B sa 229 Normalized 900 (1650) 776 (112), 421-61) 18 31 229 Annealed 790 (1450) 626 (91)_—372. (54) 2 38 19 109s Qa 315 (600) 1260 (183) 813 (118) 10 30 395 er 425 G00) 1210 76)—772 (112) 2 32 363 et 540 (1000) 1080 (158) 676 (98) 15, 31 321 oar 650 (1200) 896 (130) $52 (80) a a7 269 Normalized 900 (1650) 1010 (147)_—_$00 (72) ° 1B 293, Annealed 7901450) «658 (95) 380 (55) B a1 192 nal Qe 315 (600) 1460 (212) 1280 (186) ° 32 41s ar 540 (1000) 896 (130) 765 (111) 8 37 262 (continued)1042 | Mechanical Engineering Design Table A=21 (Continued) ‘Mean Mechanical Properties of Some Heat-Treated Steels, [These are typical properties for materials normalized and annealed. The properties for quenched and tempered (Q&T) steels are from a single heat, Because of the many variables, the properties listed are global averages. In all ‘cases, data were obtained from specimens of diameter 0.505 in, machined from 1-in rounds, and of gauge length 2 in. Unless noted, all specimens were oil-quenched.] Source: ASM Metas Reference Book, 24 ed, American Society for Metals, ‘Metal Psk, Ohio, 1983, 5 4 B 6 Ea 8 Ac Yield SE ee AISLNo. Treatment °C (‘F) MPa (kpsi) MPa (kpsi) —_% Eee ee 4130 QaeTt 205 (400) 1630236) 1460 (212) 10 a 467 ert 315 (600) 1500 217) 1380 (200) n 43 435 ert 425 (800) 1280 (186) 1190 (173) 3 0 380 ert 40 (1000) 1030 (150) 910 (132) "7 37 318 ere 650 (1200) 814 (118) 708 (102) 2 64 248 Normalized 870 (1600) 670 (97) 436 (63) 25 9 197 Annealed 865 (1585) $60 (81) 361 (52) 28 56 156 440 Qa 205 (400) 1770 (257) 1640 (238) 8 38 510 er 315 (600) 1550 225) 1430 (208) ° 6 44s er 425 (800) 1250 (181) 1140 (165) B 49 370 er 40 (1000) 951.138) 834 (121) 1B 58 285 oer 650 (1200) 758. (110) 655 (95) 2 6 230 Normalized 870 (1600) 1020 (148) 655 (85) 18 a 302 Annealed 815 (1500) 655 (95) 417 61) 26 37 197 4340 QaT 315 (600) 1720 (250) 1590 (230) 10 40 486 xt 425 (800) 1470 (213) 1360 (198) 10 “4 430 er 549 (1000) 1170 (170) 1080 (156) B sl 360 et 650 (1200) 965 (140) 855 (124) 19 60 280 ‘Water-quenshedeon Table A-22 Results of Tensile Tests of Some Metals* Source: J. Datsk, “Solid Materials” chap. 32in Joseph E.Shigley, Charles R. Misch and Thomas H. Brown Jr (eds-in-hie), Standard Handbook of Machine Design 3d ed, MeGraw-Hil, New York, 2004, pp, 32.48-32.52 perro) tT Cd Co a Su of on Ee Fracture DN es MN tr ceo re ee 1018 Steel Annealed 220 2.0) 341 49.5) 628 LD 620 00) 02s 105 1144 Steet Annealed 358 (52.0) 646 (93.7) 898 30" 992 44) oud 049 1212, Steel aR 193 28.0) 424 (615) 729 (106)' 758 (110) 024 os 1045 Steel QRT 600°F 1520 (220) 1580 30) 2380.45), ——_1880 273)" 0.041 ost 442 Steel Q&T 00°F 1720 250) 193010) ——2340 40) 1760 (255)! 0.048 043 303 Stainless. Annealed 241 G50) 601 (873) 1520 @21)"_—— 1410 205) ost 116 steel 304 Stainless. Annealed 276 (40.0) 568 (82.4) 1600 233) 1270 185) os 167 steel 2011 Aluminum 6 169 45) 324 47.0) 325 (47.2)' 620 0) 028 010 alloy 2024 Aluminum TS 296 43.0) 446 (64.8) 533. (773)' 689 00) os ors alloy 7075 Aluminum 6 542 (18.6) 593 (860) 706 (102)' 882 (128) 013 os alloy ‘Values trom one or two heats and belived toe atanable using proper purchase specifications. The fracture strain may vary as much as 100 percent, Derived valve,3 | Table A-23 Mean Monotonic and Cyclie Stress-Strain Properties of Selected Steels Source: ASM Metals Reference Book, 2c, American Sovety for Metals, Metals Park, Ohi, 1983, p 217 iced Liiceoed CES oan A Geis Ge EER (ye Bere OM CLL a Ce ee ee ee sere) MPa ksi % ef GPa_ 10° psi MPa ksi ry ep © 1045, L Q&T 225 ‘725 105 65, 1,04 200 29 1225 178 = 0.095 1,00 0.66 1045, L QaT S00 1825 265 St O71 205 30 2275 330 0.08 0.25 0.68144 L par 3051035 18025 029 200-288-1585 230 0.09 027 053 1s41F L Q&T forging 290950 13849 068 = 205-299-1275 188 0.076 068, 065 Isai L QUT forging 260» 89012960 093 2052991275 185-007 093 065 4130 Ler 258 895 13067 1122203227185 0.083, 092, 068 4130 Lat 3651425 20755 079 200 29-1695 246 0.081 089 069 4140 L Q&T,DAT «310.1075 15660 069 200-292-1825. 265 | —0.08 12 059 412 L Dar 310 1060 184 29 035 200291480 210 —0.10 022 051 412 L Dar 335 1250 Isl 28 034 200-289 1250 181 —008 0.06 062 412 Let 380 1415 20548 066 205 «301825 265 0.08 04s 075 4142 L Q&T and 400 isso 22547 063 200291885 275 —008 050 075 deformed 412 Ler 450 1760 25542 054 205 30-2000 290 —0.08 040 073 41a L Q&T and 4752035 29520 022 20029-2070 300 —0082, 020 077 deformed 412 L Q&Tand 450 1930 28037 200 29 ©2105. 305. 0.09 0.60 0.16 deformed 4142 Ler 4751930 28035, 205 302170 -41S —0.081 0.09 061 4142 Ler 360 2240 32527 205 30-2655 385 0089 0.07 0.76 4340 Lo BRA 243 825 12043 195 28 1200 174 0.095 0.45 054 4340 LL gat 4091470 21338, 200 29 2000 290-0091 048 =0.60 4340 Ler 350 1240 180 57 195 28 1655. 240 —0.076 07 0.62 5160 Lat 430 1670 242 a2 19528 1930 280 —0.071 0.40 057 52100 L suger sis 2015 292 25 302585 375 0.09 ous, 056 9262 LOA 2600 925 Ish 25301040151. 9071 016 047 9262 Ler 280 1000 14533, 195 28 1220-177 —0.073, oa 0.60 9262 Let 410 565 227,32 200 291855. 269-0087 038 065 950 (8) LT HRplate 159 S65 826 2052956 © «1170 170 0.12 0.95 061 L BR bar 150 565-8269 20530 970 141-041 08s 059 950X () L — Platechannel 150 -MO. 4S 20530 625 91 —0.075 035 054 950X () L HRplate 16-30-77 205 295 1005 146. 0.10 08s 061 950X (@) L —Platechannel_ 225695 101.68 11S 195282055153 —0.08 021 053 [Noter(@) AISUSAE grade, unless otherwise indicated. (6) ASTM designation. (c) ropsetary designation, (8) SAE TISLA grade (c) Orientation of axis of specimen relative to rolling direction; Lis longitudinal (parallel wo solling dsction; LT is ong wansverse (perpendicular to rolling diction. (2) STA, solution teated and aged; HR, hot rolled; CD, cold drawn; QUT, quenched and B lsmreted CDSR, old awn stain lee DA, dav a pratt: A maa Frm ASM Mets Reference Bok, 2nd edo, 183; ASM Iran, Mais Pak, OH $8073.02 & apie 217. Reprinted by permission of ASM Intematonal®, www. asminterational rg,ovoL Table A-24 Mechanical Properties of Three Non-Steel Metals (a) Typical Properties of Gray Cast Iron [The American Society for ‘Testing and Materials (ASTM) numbering system for gray cast iron is such that the numbers correspond to the minimum tensile strength in kpsi, Thus an ASTM No, 20 cast iron has a minimum tensile strength of 20 kpsi. Note particularly that the tabulations are ‘ypical of several heats.] Fatigue Shear Stress- AS ce end Endurance _Brinell Concentration Se ne A Sr Cac Paina rey Pea ee cA ca 2 2 83 26 9614 39-56 10 186 1.00 25 26 7 32 S48 46-50 us 174 10s 30 31 109 40 B64 5.266 4 201 110 35 365 128 485 MS112 58-59 16 2a Las 40 425 140 37 16-20 6478 185 235 12s 50 s2s 168 B 138228 72-80 ais 262 135 60 028 1875 885 204-235 78-85 24s 302 150 ‘Polished or machined specimens ‘The modulus of elasticity of east xo in compression conesponds closely to the upper valu in the range given for tension and isa more constant value than tha for tensionTable A-24 ‘Mechanical Properties of Three Non-Steel Metals (Continued) (b) Mechanical Properties of Some Aluminum Alloys [These are typical properties for sizes of about + in; similar properties can be obtained by using proper purchase specifications. The values given for fatigue strength correspond to 50(10") cycles of completely reversed stress. Alluminum alloys do not have an endurance limit. Yield strengths were obtained by the 0.2 percent offset method ] Cad baba CO eo rar} Paneer LN ee cA 2017 ° 70 10) 179 @6) 903) 2 45 2024 ° 76 an) 186 @7) 9013) 2 a sy 345 (50) 482 (70) 138 @0) 16 120 3008 HL 47a) 1319) 55.8) 20 35 m6 165 04) 178 26) 659.5) 4 a7 3004 B34 186 27) 234 G4) 103 «1s) 2 8 18 234 G4) 216 (40) 10 16) 6 n ose m2 186 27) 234 G4) 17:07) 18 o 135 234 G4) 269 (9) 124 18) 10 ™ Cas 3190" 6 165 (24) 248. G6) 9 a9) 20 80 3330! 15 1m es) 234 G4) 83.2) 10 100 6 207 0) 289 (42) 103-15) 1s 105 3380" 76 172.25) 241 9) 20 30 80 17 248 GO, 262 (8) 2) 0s 85 Sand caning "Permanente eating, (©) Mechanical Properties of Some Titanium Alloys core Strength Cre nore Ce ee i (Brinell or (kpsi) Cea ise) Ti3sat Annealed 210 G0) 275 40) 30 135 HB ‘Tso! Annealed 310 45) 380 (55) 25 215 HB T.02 Pd Annealed 280 40) 340 (50) 28 200 HB TiS AL25 Sn Annealed 760 (110) 790 (115) 16 36 HRC Ti8 ALI Mo-l V Annealed 900 (130) 965 (140) 15, 39 HRC Ti6 AL6 V-2 Sn Annealed 970 (140) 1030 (150) “4 38 HRC THOALAV Annealed 830 (120) 900 (130) “4 36 HRC TeISVALCeSAL Sol. + aging 1207 (175) 1276 (185) 8 40 HRC “Commercially poe apa titanium,