Student ID: bc180201710

Let f ( x, y )  3 x  x  xy  2 be a function of two variables defined on R with

2 2 2
Question:
continuous second order partial derivatives. Determine whether or not f has a relative minimum, a
2
relative maximum and a saddle point in R .

f ( x, y )  3 x 2  x  xy 2  2

f x ( x, y )  6 x  1  y 2

f y ( x, y )  2 xy

f x ( x, y )  0

6x 1  y2  0

6x  1  y2

1 y2
x
6 (1)

f y ( x, y )  0

2 xy  0 (2)

1 y2
x
Put 6 in equation (2) for “y”;

1 y2 y  y3
2[ ]y  0  0
6 3

y  y 3  0    y (1  y 2 )  0

here

y  0 & 1 y2  0

1  y 2  y  1

values of “y” 0,+1 & -1;

using of “y” to get the values of “x”;

1. y=1
1 y2
x
6

1  (1) 2 0
x 
6 6

x0

Here critical points (0,1)

2. y = -1
1 y2
x
6

1  (1) 2 1  1
x 
6 6

0
x
6

x0

Here critical points (0,-1)

3. y = 0
1 y2
x
6

1  (0) 2 1
x 
6 6

1
x
6

1
Here critical points ( 6 ,0)
 1
Now we have three critical points (0, 1) , (0,-1) ,( 6 ,0)

To find Relative Minima and Relative Maxima and saddle Point we have to find “D” first:

D( x, y )  f xx ( x, y )  f yy ( x, y )  [ f xy ( x, y )]2

 f x ( x, y )  6 x  1  y 2

f xx ( x, y )  6

f y ( x, y )  2 xy


f yy ( x, y )  2 x

 f x ( x, y )  6 x  1  y 2

f xy ( x, y )  2 y

For critical point (0, 1)

f xx (0, 1)  6

f yy (0, 1)  2 x  2(0)  0

f xy (0, 1)  2 y  2(1)  2

D(0, 1)  6  0  [2]2

D(0, 1)  0  4  4

here D( x, y )  0 & f xx  0 so (0, 1) is a saddle point

For critical point (0, -1)

f xx (0,  1)  6

f yy (0,  1)  2 x  2(0)  0

f xy (0,  1)  2 y  2(1)  2

D(0,  1)  6  0  [2]2
D(0,  1)  0  4  4

here D( x, y )  0 & f xx  0 so (0, -1) is a saddle point

1
For critical point ( 6 ,0)

1
f xx ( , 0)  6
6

1 1 1
f yy ( , 0)  2 x  2( ) 
6 6 3

1
f xy ( , 0)  2 y  2(0)  0
6

1 1
D( , 0)  6   [0]2
6 3

1
D( , 0)  2  0  2
6

1
here f xx ( x, y )  0 & D( x, y )  0 so f ( x, y ) has relative minima at ( 6 ,0)