(CTe-laalaatsle Activities Upper heehee na) Will Forsyth Sue Lavender Heinemann alContents Notes to the teacher Adverbs of time 1 Adverbs of time 2 Adverbs of time 3 Adverbs of time 4 Advice and suggestions 1 Advice and suggestions 2 Articles 1 Amticles 2 Articles and countable and uncountable nouns Countable and uncountable 1 Countable and uncountable 2 Countable and uncountable 3 Enough and plenty Futures 1 fature perfect and future perfect continuous Furures 2 farue perfect and future perfect continuous Futures 3. mixed fuures If sentences 1 If sentences 2 If sentences 3 mixed ifsentenes Indirect questions 1 Indirect questions 22 Infinitive and gerund 1 Infinitive and gerund 2 Infinitive and gerund 3 Infinitive and gerund 4 Linking words 1 ees, slong asi cae although Linking words 2 although im spite of, despite, becuse, boweve, due to, therefore Linking words 3 although m spite of, despite, because, bowever, due to, therefore Look, look like, look as if 1 Look, look like, look as if Modal verbs 1 Modal verbs 2 Modal verbs 3 Modal verbs 4 Modal verbs 5 wouldsbouldconldbave done eter Modal verbs 6 wouldsbonldonld have done rlerving to the presen and face Modal verbs 7 Modal verbs 8 st, might, could and cant for deduction Modal verbs 9 must, might, could and ca’ or desis ‘Modal verbs 10 could be able to and mans Modal verbs 11 cou, beable to and manage Passives 1 Passives 2 1 tothe pase Passives 3 Passives 447 Past and present 48° Pasts 1. past and pau pesect, simple and continous 49° Pasts 2 50. Pasts 3 SI Pasts 4 52. Prepositions 1 53. Prepositions 2 54 Present perfect and past simple 1 55 Present perfect and past simple 2 56 Relative clauses 1 defining relative clauses 57. Relative clauses 2 defining and non-lfining relative clauses 58 Relative clauses 3 defining and non-defining relative causes 59° Relative clauses 4 mixed relative clauses 60. Reporting 1 61 Reporting 2 62 Simple and continuous 1. senses and actions 63. Simple and continuous 2 senses and ations 64 Simple and continuous 3 stares nd actions 65. Simple and continuous 4 saree and actions 66 Soand such 1 7 Soand such 2 68 Subject and object questions 1 69 Subject and object questions 2 70 Substitution words 1 71 Substitution words 2 72 Used t0 1 sed todo and get wsed to doing 73. Used to 2 used todo and gr wed to doing 74 Wish 1 wish + could, simple past and past perfect 7S Wish 2 wish + simple pas, past perfect, eomld 76 Wish 3 sates and actions Review 1 Review 2 Review 3 Review 4 Review 5 Answer key Page 82 Index Page 91 Questionnaire Page 92eRe CSET eee Notes to the teacher Grammar Activities 2 is for students at an upper-intermediate level including those just preparing for the Cambridge First Certificate examination. It is intended as a coursebook supplement. It provides presentation and consolidation, using a variety of contexts and approaches, of grammatical areas which cause learners problems at this level. It contains 75 free-standing worksheets arranged alphabetically by grammar point and five review worksheets. Where there are several worksheets that focus on the same grammatical area, they are ordered from simple to complex so they can be used independently or in sequence. There are two main types of worksheet: contextualised worksheets and problem-solving ‘worksheets. The contextualised worksheets provide a story, situation or game which gives the learners the opportunity to practise using the structure in an appropriate context. The problem-solving worksheets take a cognitive approach. They provide activities thar help the learners arrive at a fuller understanding, of the meanings, formation and rules of the use of the structure. They are identified by this symbol: Using Grammar Activities 2 in class ‘We use grammar activities both for grammar presentations, whether fresh or remedial, and for quick review activities. When using a worksheet for presentation, before giving out the exercise, we start by introducing the topic or situation, we build up the language together with the class, and finally we give the exercise out for written consolidation. The topic or situation can be introduced in a number of ways: by drawing the picture on the board or showing the picture(s) around the class; by writing key words on the board; or simply by describing the situation. To build up the language we ask questions about the picture(s) to establish who is involved, what they are doing, and what they might be saying, oF what is being said about them. We invite as many class suggestions and ideas as possible, correcting the learners’ use of the structure where necessary. When everyone has had the chance to hear everyone else's ideas, the class can practise the structure. They do this by pretending to be the people in the picture(s) or by remembering what the class has said, Finally, we give out copies of the exercise for the class to fill in from memory. We use the problem-solving activities with classes that have already used the structure in a limited context and could benefit from thinking about it more widely and more intensively. We do this some time after the initial presentation, usually on a different day, or with a class that needs review only. We give the class one or two examples of the structure and ask for ideas on how it is different from a similar structure, (for example, couldiwould, used tolbe used to, look like/look as if, etc.) or if they can spot mistakes in it. The answers can lead to a short discussion of what the structure means and how it is used. We then give out copies of the exercise for the learners to discuss and complete in groups. Either the contextualised or the problem-solving exercises ean be used for quick review as a five- or ten-minute activity at the beginning or end of a class. This not only reviews the structure, but is also a good way of breaking up the lesson and changing pace. The last five Review worksheets are intended as review or diagnostic units. Each one contains exercises on a variety of structures that are covered more thoroughly elsewhere in the book, We hope that both you and your students enjoy using this book and that it also gives you ideas for exercises of your own.Adverbs of time 1 A.A friend asks you some questions. Read your thoughts and then answer your friend using the word given in brackets. What your friend asks: Example: Would you like to see “Dusty Moonlight’? 1 Did you enjoy the book I lent you? 2 Have you rung Jane? 3. How long have you had that shirt? 4 Do you know Steve's coming round this evening? $ Would you like to borrow this novel? 6 Shall we go to an Indian restaurant tonight? 7 Have I seen that hat before? 8 How can I work out all these figures on my own? Your thoughts: What you say: You saw itlast night. Actually, _! seenit, (already) The book is unread. T'm afraid (yer) You know you I'm sorry but___ promised to do this last week but there (still) hasn't been time. You bought it when Te you went to India. — (since) This will be the first I don’t think I time you've met him. (ever) You've read it before. Thanks, but to tell you the cruth I've (already) It will be your first Thar'll be exciting, | visit to an Indian restaurant. (never) You gorit six months Yes, I think so, I ago. a (for) You think it would be Have you a good idea to buy — a computer, (ever)? B Use the words in the box to complete the adverts. If you haven't | applied for your free gift, this is your li chance! ill’ “alzeady. yee | writing letters | the old-fashioned way? | | Send for our | word-processing | | brochure TODAY! | ‘BUY YOUR LOTTERY TICKET TODAY, 500 LUCKY WIHINERS. ! ‘i rch, Seaver 1008 Pte by enon gah Langa Tain. Ths St maybe poet anu whi ees. ; PUN PRRR RARERW Adverbs of time 2 A Rewrite the following sentences to include the word in brackets. Example: haven't been to Australia. (ever) __!haven't ever been to Austral 1 I've been to Australia. (already) 2 Ihaven't been to Australia. (yet) ‘3 Have you been to Australia? (ever) 4 I've been to Australia (never) 5 Thaven't been to Australia. (stil) 6 Australia is the most beautiful ‘country I've seen. (ever) B Here are some possible continuations of the sentences in A. Write the letter of the most appropriate continuation next to the number of each sentence. Example: 6 1 23g a) so strongly recommend it for a holiday. ) and | have no special plans to go there, ©) 80 I'd like to go somewhere different this year. 4) I can't remember if you've told me. €) and | have no special plans to go there, f) but | hope to go one day soon 9) although I've been trying to go for a long time, Choose the most appropriate word to add to each sentence and then write the sentence with the word in the correct place. Example: __ 1've been to Paris; | was there last year. yovalready) Ive ciready been to Paris: Iwas there last veo. 1 Its the most beautiful picture I've seen. neverlever 2 I haven't been to Germany, but I'd like to go one day. neverlever 8 You were talking about going to Munich; have you been there? everiyet 4. I'm trying to find someone who knows about Canada; have you been there? everlyet 5 Although Mongolia has opened its borders, it's difficult to fly there. stil/yet 6 We haven't visited Padua, but we plan to go in the spring, yevlalready oF Sue tarde 185, atid y Hanuman ngs args Tg. Ths ste may a placed an wd wha RassA re Adverbs of time 3 Decide which of the words in brackets completes each of the sentences. Put the correct word into the puzzle to discover the word hidden in the centre of the puzzle. Thaven't ____ been here. (never/often) I arrived in Britain I haven’s felt homesick. (since/while) think I've been there —___. (never/twice) ‘We first met six years ___. (now/ago) Pye ___ realised what you said. (justever) 1________ used to come here and sit by the river. (yesterday/sometimes) promise to meet you ___ the end of the day. (before/during) I saw a play by Shakespeare. (ever/once) By the age of twenty he had _____ finished university. (usually/already) 10 I'm afraid I'll be busy _____six o'clock. (since/until) u 1_____ see you these days. (weekly/rarely) 12 T'm sorry but I haven't had time to do it____. (now/yet) B A t Match each item in column A with one in column B to make an expression which will complete one of the sentences on the right. B Examp! used to know him quite well, but I |) almost a)ago almost never sce him these days. i) long —bynow 1 P'm sure I saw Mick sso he can’t be far away. iii)just ever 2 Ithappened and before anyone can remember. ivjnever d)never 3 She told her children they must take sweets from strangers. se See Lae 1505, Pd Haburean ei Langue Tah, Ths het mayb pti gh ed We as DORE PRR PPP PPR RAD liteAdverbs of time 4 a | A. Atennis champion is talking about his friend, Ted. Fill in the missing words and then put them in the puzzle to discover who Ted is. 1 Ted and 1 first met about three years , ot 2 That was we both lived in London. 6 3 We've been working together that time. = 4 Tve worked so closely with anyone g else. $ We haven't had an argument. 6 And we certainly haven’t gor tired of each 7 other : Example: In fact we've already had quite a | | | lot of success. 3 | : | 2 7 Thope we can continue our partnership many years to come. ‘we go on working together Exampl It Rlelaloly have alot to learn from Ted, 5 8 I know things will go well. 9 Pm sure B_ Philip and Jenny meet in Oxford. They haven’t seen each other for a long time. Complete their conversation using the phrases in the box. (mowadays) sooner or later ago whenever over these days present ages duriag moment long time every now and then ‘Where are you living _nowadays Jenny? Well, I've been in Oxford 1_______" the last six months. Really? So when did you leave London? London? Oh, I left about five years 2 ik you'll stay in Oxford? And how 3 —____do you Well, I'm quite happy at the 4______, but I suppose 5_____ril want to go back to London again. Are you still in touch with Paul and Sharon? Yes, Ise Paul 6 sin fact 7 he comes to Oxford but I haven't heard from Sharon for 8 So who are you working for 9 B Well, I've been unemployed for a 10 sin fact Pm looking for a job at 11 I'm sorry to hear that. Why don’t you come over for a weekend soon? Yes, Pd love tos in fact it looks as if Pll have plenty of free time 12___ the autumn. COCCI ©: Fah Son ae 198 Ps ty nero Engng Tenn, Ths say boop add itn cs6 Advice and suggestions 1 A. Richa has made eight suggestions about your stay in Britain. Use one item from each box each time to find out what they are. Maybe you should Why don’t you I think you'd better How about visiting Wales If I were you P'd | Have you thought ‘Why not Pechaps you ought Example: ___Maybe you should rent of staying in a bed and breakfast You could always rent acar | to come and stay with me B_ Richa is telling you about some problems she has. Complete your advice to her by choosing the appropriate picture and using the verb given. use borrow Richa’s problem Example: I have a bad headache today. 1 The bus is really expensive! 2 This cassette player sounds terrible! 3 I find it really difficult to see the TV. 4 There are so many words in this book that I don’t know! 5 [can’t afford the hotel prices. 6 I don’t eat meat. 7 [feel cold take ‘Your advice Perhaps you should. take some asprin. Well, have you thought ‘Why not Maybe you ought ‘Well, you could always Why don't How about You'd better so Sezer 185 Pasay Hireman Engl Language ear This sheet mab htc a een chs ERARERARRRNNRAO OPTODGEROOC OTERO Wadvice and suggestions 2 A Lookat the pictures and comments and choose the most appropriate reply, aorb. 1f— ~ 2 veehem: || This toth has Officer?” | been hurting since Sunday. % Vert ‘a) You ought to be wearing a seat belt. a) Yes, you could always have it out today. ») Il were you, 'd be wearing a seat belt. b) Yes, you'd better have it out today. “la A Onno, | don't know ve spitt what colour coffee on i Vm having trouble with the car SZ a) You should get it repaired over there. a) Yes, why not take the medicine twice B) Mow abot geting Roped overnee? "acy baler mea? ben you soul take tho meine wwe day bette meal. B__ Match the correct replies in A with their meanings. Note that a reply may match more than one meaning. a) The speaker is giving professional advice. _1a b) The speaker is giving advice as a friend or equal. _ ©) The speaker is suggesting only one of a number of possible courses of action, 4) The speaker is strongly suggesting one immediate action as the only possibility. ‘© Fost So Lend 1885, ue Hien Enh Laguage Teaching, Ts tet maybe petri an ed tin hsArticles 1 ‘A. Complete the conversation by putting the words in the box in the correct place. With each word, add a or the if necessary. life children violent film (good film) film film films violence violence violent films quality a John: [saw ____agoodfilm _on TV last night. Jane: Oh? What was it? John: ‘Blood or Money’. Jane: Was it 1 ________? John: Well, it was quite violent, I suppose. Jane: Iidon’t like 2 John; 3______ isa natural part of ¢______; you can't escape from it. Jane: But that’s no reason for enjoying it. John: Well, it's not S$ __ T enjoy; it’s 6 —____ of 7__ that’s important. Jane: So why does it need to be violent, then? John: It doesn’t need to be violent but if you're going to make 8 about something important and real, it will probably be violent too. Jane: That's rubbish. And anyway, I don’t think they should show 9___ with violence on television; there might be 10 ______ watching, and I don't think it’s good for them. B_ Match each sentence with its correct ending, a, b, or c. 1 He loves travelling and learning different a) language. 2 Humans are differentiated from animals by __) the language. 3 She decided to leave her job in Romania ¢) languages. because she couldn't learn 4 Wearing seat-belts saves a) lives. $. Before her death she seemed to lose interest in) the life. 6 He gave up his office job as he didn't like) life. C Risto has written an essay about unemployment. Here is the first paragraph. There are ten mistakes with articles (there are no mistakes with singular or plural nouns), Find the mistakes and correct them. The unemployment is one of a most important problems in a world today. It affects all countries: not only South America, Africa and Asia, but also the Europe and United States too. And it is not just the modern problem either; it has been with us for the centuries. The unemployment destroys the people's lives, it breaks up family and it makes society poor. The question is; what can we do about it? ‘Doers Sut avr 198 Pte by enema Egan ake Teac. Ths shat maybe phage wi ese. TOLLE eee eeeS = = cS = = S = = = = iat = = 1] aS = = Ss = = = = I = = = WT Articles 2 A Four sentences are true and two are false. Put ticks / against the true ones. 1 You can use a with plural nouns, for example, Can you hear a dogs barking? 2 You can use the with plural nouns, for example, Can you hear the dogs barking? 3. You can use no article with plural nouns, for example, Can you hear dogs barking? —_ 4 You can use a with uncountable nouns, for example, A water is boiling. 5 You can use the with uncountable nouns, for example, The water is boiling. 6 You can use no article with uncountable nouns, for example, Water boils. B_ Look again at the example sentences in part A. Put the four correct ‘examples into the correct paragraph. a) Sally is in the kitchen with her young daughter, Claire. Can | make the tea, please, Mummy? ‘Yes, but do be careful. Put some water in the kettle, put some tea in the teapot, and when puri into the pot very carefully. b) Sally and Claire are stil talking. Claire: | don't really understand my science classes at schoo! Sally: Why not? What don't you understand? Claire: Well, for example, _________at 100°C, yes? Yes. Claire: Well, why? ©) Itis night. Helen and Simon are lost in a forest. They are alone. Helen: Where are we? Simon: | don't know. Helen: Wait, | thought | saw a light over there, and listen, 4) José and Carmen live on a farm near a forest. They have three dogs. Its night. Carmen: José a José: Yes, there might be something out there. Ill go and have a look, © Match what you say with what you mes You say You mean 1 Can you hear dogs barking? ) You expect your listener to know which dogs you are talking about. 2 Can you hear the dogs barking? —_—_b) You do not know which dogs; they are new to you. 3 Water boils at 100°C. a) You mean water in general 4 The water's boiling b) You mean some particular water. 5 Society isn fair. a) You mean a particular society. 6 The society is meeting tonight. b) You mean human sooiaty as a whole, 7 the 1) You expect your listener to know which particular one(s) you mean. 8 —(no article) b) You do not mean any particular one(s).{ Articles and countable and uncountable nouns ‘There is one mistake or more in all of these signs and sayings. Correct the mistakes. Example: TN Please leave eae sage after tore 1 va aay Road jobs 1 | tyouneed help, | 2 ahead ask fe 7 fetonace Advices Centre| 4 -coitect your _ (CAaagages ‘here ) s Will all personnel please report toa) 6 —_ ‘main office. THE ( 7 ENGLISH Praca ifs SPOKEN HERE. JOURNEY | x AGENT [fecway A sun rises in an east and sets in a west Please leave a camera at the desk Please turn off a fm light. g If you have the complaint, please ask to see the manager. A foreign money not accepted 1S [pecan] 1S Take the card; lease ring | ane abell fora service | saycant THOR RRR AAT AAR REO.UTTITIUIVa Iva 4 Countable and uncountable 1 {| Use the words in bold to finish each of the three sentences. Be careful: sometimes you have to use a, for example a time, sometimes you have to make the word plural, for example, tines and sometimes you have to leave the word as it is, for example time. time Example: ; Has there ever been atime _when you've felt happy for no reason at all? 1 Learning anything well takes 2 There will often be ____ when you don’t know what to do, glass Windows are made of Would you like ____ of wine? Do you wear __? light They left _____ om all over the house, but they were still burgled. Te got a cigarette, but I haven't got travels at about 300 000 km a second. hope 9 They lost everything except 10 It was something he had always wanted, but it was _________ he never realised. 11 Different people have different ____ for themselves and their children, lamb 12 We saw ______ playing with one another in the fields. 13 He's as gentle as a 14 We sell ___ at £2.00 a kilo, experience 15 Lhad several frightening ________ 0 holiday, 16 They want someone with ______ of computers, 17 Visiting the temple at night is you shouldn’t miss. belief 18 Tribal people often have strange 19 Superstition is ______ we can do without. 20 —______ is the absence of doubt. ‘20 Fors So Lender 128, by ener Eg Langage Teng Tis st mayb pts and ve in es.Countableand W uncountable 2 ‘A Match each sentence with one of the two pictures, a or b. 1"Mummy, can | have a lamb?" 2 "Mummy, can | have ‘some lamb?" 3 "Would you ike some ‘more cake?" 4 Would you like another cake?” 5 ‘It's technically perfect, but it doesn't have any emotion.” 6 ‘is technically perfect, but it doesn't have any ‘emotions.’ 7 ‘Have you got a spare iron?” 8 ‘Have you got any spare lon?” B Some nouns are only countable, for example, picture and oats. Some nouns are only uncountable, for example, music and wheat. But many nouns can be either countable or uncountable, depending on the meaning. Match the meanings, forms and examples then finish the example with the correct form of hair. Meaning Form Example Example: a) The singular form, for i) The detective found The material that example, a hair three —____ something is made of Pr ae es ec) Tossnecsemeuamn 4) seremenr ati items for example, hair. ‘style —__. Awhole, individual ©) The plural form, os iil) Wigs are made of item example, hairs ir Something thought of d) The uncountable form, iv). I'm coughing as. a mass, not for example, hair because I've got individual items in my throat. om Sat ene 195 Pabst by naam pears Tati. Tis set may people awn win es. j Ione RRRRRRPARARRARKVPePennneeaneCountable and uncountable 3 13 A. The words in the box are the answers to clues 1 to 12, Nine of the words are nearly always uncountable and four are nearly always countable. Write the answers to the clues in the correct column. wel accommodation re people information teeth uncountable countable Example: fis usualy sefentific. raimardl | They chew. It’s the opposite of city. Ie includes tents, houses, flats and rooms, Cats chase them. 1 a: 3 # 5. Is the opposite of openness. 6 People love giving it but hate taking it. | 7 They live in flocks. 8 Itis supposed to broaden the mind. 9 Your home would be empty without it. 10 They are the most dangerous animals on earth. 11 Ie’s at the heart of modern technology. 12 It brings in money. B_ The words in the box are not really countable or uncountable, but six are always singular and six always plural. Put the words in the correct column, DUCT ITIVIGooaoadT the news the police scissors each (of them) polities either (of them) | the poor both (of them) everyone all (of them) trousers maths always singular always plural { is) C All these words can be uncountable. Find the five which can also be countable and write a or az in the box next to the word. 1 (J hai 9 [| sun 2 | beauty (J health 10 [|__| talk 3 |_| difficulty 7 [J icecream 11 |__| traffic 4 experience 8 [| music 12 [__| weather [] advice 5 6 ‘Re Sos Lense 1098 Piney Hemarann gin Latgange Ting The ay ten ans od mtn east.Enough and plenty A. Match each sentence with the correct picture, a or b. 1 There are plenty of | _bJ DI ih 2 There are enough seats, ay L N | | B The Hubert family, two adults and four children, want to rent a house in Britain for the summer. They have just visited a house and the estate agent has given them a list of items in the kitchen, Unfortunately, the number of items is not always appropriate. Using the phrases in the box, write the family’s comments in the correct place on the list. re aren't enough) there are plenty there isn’t enough Tatiecsktimee vie ieplony just the right number there isn’t enough this isn’t big enough _these aren't big enough there aren't quite enough there are far too many there aren't enough | KITCHEN INVENTORY Example: there aren't enough—-{ Glasses: 6 large glasses L 3 small glasses 1 4 Crockery: 6 dishes | 6 plates (large) | 6 plates (small) 6 cups L 6 saucers Cutlery: 6 knives 6 forks 5 spoons ————2 _ 4 serving spoons | 3 }{Cooking 1 small saucepan | ‘equipment: 1 small frying pan | Linen: 10 hand eel 2 tea-towels. a 6 napkins: 7 é a 7 __ | Furniture: 2 chairs 1 small kitchen table 9 Appliances: 1 small fridge Kk 1 small freezer | 1 cooker | 1 dish-washer 10 {Storage 8 large shelves | [space: 6 large cupboards 1 side-board Other: 42 house plants uw (please water!) ‘treo St Linen 195 Pate Hier gah angie Ting Thi she may be peop nied inthe ss LAL EEL= = = = = = = = ss = = = = SS = = = S = eS = ec i Futures 1 future perfect and future perfect continuous A. Use the signs to complete the phrases on the right with the verbs. ‘Ir looks as if ie'll be difficult to visit paint BRIDGE CLOSED | you on the 11th as I’ve noticed they complete FOR PAINTING | (example) _willbe painting the bridge, JUNE 10-12 | but the 13th is fine as they 1 the work by thei ‘Can you tell me the decision at take NO ENTRY | lunch-time? ‘Well, Idon’t think we talk FINANCE MEETING | 2 it by then. 14.00-16.00 | We 3 abourit in the meeting today.” ‘Don’t come in the morning because 1 type | OFFICE HOURS | 4 that report, but _ leave 7 don’t come after 5.00 either because I [3m0-140 200 2.00 - 5.00 5 iy then? Ss a] ‘The sun 6 _when shine | es Australia| we sail into Sydney Harbour, and we leave welcomes you! | 7 Erope forever" “This means that in ten years the decline World population) population 8, and in 200 fall in decline! years it 9 below today’s levels!” B_ Doug has been offered a job with an international magazine. He has heard that the magazine has problems. Doug telephones the editor and makes these comments: Example: ‘I hear you produce only 1000 copies a week.’ ‘Thear you haven't moved to your new offices yet." ‘Te been told you sell to only four countrie “You don’t have a computer network system. ‘Someone told me you don’t have a marketing manager” ‘Thear salaries are very low.’ ‘I've heard you have problems with your printing press.” ‘They tell me you only print in black and white.” Mauer The editor wants Doug to work for the magazine so he answers Doug’s worries. Complete the editor's replies using a verb from the box each time. sell raise solve (produce) install print move appoint We _willb producing at least 10 000 copies a week. to our new offices. to at least twelve countries, a computer network system. a new marketing manager. ‘our salaries to a good level. ur printing press problems. full colour. 9 St Land 285 Pbie by Henan Egth Largs Texting. Ts set maybe poeapied ands win css.Futures 2 Ww future perfect and future perfect continuous ‘A Denise is 25 years old. She is studying for a research degree in agriculture. She is due to complete her course next year. She has just been to her elder brother's 35th birthday party and this has made her think about the next ten years of her own life. Choose which sentence ending, a or b, is correct. 1 Inten years | hope I'll a) be passing my final university exams. b) have passed my final university exams, 2 Inten years | hope I'l a) be earning a good salary. b) have earned a good salary. 3 Inten years | hope til a) be having two children. ) have had two children 4 Inten years | hope I'll a) be writing my university thesis. ») have written my university thesis. '5 When Denise talks about an action a) future continuous ~ /' be doing. in progress in ten years she uses _b) future perfect ~ Nl have done. 6 When Denise talks about an action a) future continuous ~ / be doing. which will be completed in ten years _b) future perfect - I"! have done. she uses B Here are some more of Denise's thoughts about the next ten years. ‘Complete her thoughts and write each one in the correct box. Use the future continuous or the future perfect. lve ina warmer ciate meetthe ight person work as an agriculturalist pay back alll the money publish the results of my live in a comfortable my parents have lent me research thesis house Actions inpogrese in tanyeare || Actions complied in ton yeare thopet_— | tat Geyer | hope || toner © _ Denise is talking about her research work in agriculture. Complete what she says using one of the verbs from the box. |_ face contribute double find feed By the year 2050, the Earth's population? ___________so there will be twice as many people. That means we 2 twice as many people as today. | certainly hope that by then we 3—_________ much better ways of producing crops in order to do this; if not, there is no doubt in my mind that the word 4_____________ major problems. Of course, | hope my own research 5 ______________to any solutions that have been found. Sos Ler 06 Psy Hamar gh Lara Tho Ths shat may ees nd dwn es| COCO Futures 3 mixed futures You are in Britain travelling by train. Another passenger begins a conversation with you. Read the passenger’s comments to you and then your thoughts about each comment. Use these thoughts and the verb on the right of the page to complete your replies to the passenger. You also need to use the most appropriate of the forms from the box. | I'm... ing | Pm going to... Tit. V'llbe ... ing Shall [..2 ‘The passenger’s comments Your thoughts Example: How farare You have a ticket to you going? Cambridge 1 Why Cambridge? You have arranged to meet an old friend there 2 Thar'snice, Do you You have a ticket to leave expect to stay long? on Sunday. 3 Any ideas whattodo You have decided to visit there? the colleges. 4 You really must see You think this is a good King’s College Chapel. idea, and you decide to go there too. 5 Hey, Leould take you You have plans to work in there if you're free atthe university library all about three on Friday. Friday afternoon, 6 What a pity! Well, You wonder if 6.00 pm on here’s my phone ‘Thursday is a good time number. Givemea to ring. ring if you like. 7 Did you know you can You didn’t know so you buy coffee on the train? decide to buy one. 8 Yes, it’s quite good. You want to offer the passenger a coffee too. 9 Oh, no thanks. [have You want to remind the to get off soon. passenger about your phone call on Thursday. Your replies {im getting oft in Cambridge. (get off) Actually, (meet) Not long, (leave) Yes, (visit) In that cat (g0) Pm afraid (work) Let's see. — (ring) In that case, I think (buy) Ifit’s good, (get) OK.1 (ring) wor Sue Laven 15S, Pani Heranar Eh Langage Ting These aye pac te in essIf sentences 1 A Match each sentence with the correct picture, a or b. 1 If she didn’t catch the train, she won't be cite $28) fiz d here for dinner. ari i 2 If she hadn't caught the - a = W train, she wouldn’t have been here for dinnet, Be careful; sometimes the if sentence describes something di from what happened, for example, ‘If we hadn't invented paper we wouldn't have had newspapers; in fact we did invent paper.’ Sometimes the if sentence describes something that possibly happened, for example, ‘If the Chinese didn’t invent paper, then who did?” Example: A: Did Charles ger home late last night? B: don’t know. Why? If he —_got home late he'll be tired when he gets up. : Did the British go to America? Yes, of course they did. : Hfthey____________ the American language would be Spanish, wouldn't it? : Did Helen catch the 10 o'clock bus or the 11 o'clock? [don’t know. Why? : [fshe ________________ she'll be here soon. Did the prisoner have a gun? No, he didn’t. Why? Ifhe _____he might have killed someone. : My new shire’s too small, Did you throw the receipt away? A: No, I've still got it. Why? If you — you wouldn't have been able to take it back to the shop. + Richard took his exam yesterday. : Did he study hard? A: Tdon’t know. Why? B: Ifhe not very good at Maths. A: Did you tell Peter you saw me in town yesterday? : No, I didn't. Az Thank goodness! If you —_____him, 'd have been in real trouble. : Did the director come in yesterday? No, she didn’t. Why? : If she —____ she'd want to know why I didn’t. Do you know if someone has invented a speaking watch? Yes, they have. Why? : Because if they —___________________one, I would. : Has the rain stopped yer? No. Why? : [fir we could go out for a walk. he'll probably have failed; he’s < nyo SL 18. ub yuma Enh Langue Techie maybe tcl an wed hes PORE RARER Reena.UU Ieee aaa WT If sentences 2 A Puteach of these ifclauses into the correct box. You have to decide if they describe something which is/was possibly true, or something which is/was definitely not true. possibly true definitely not true It the captain sent aro signal Example: If the captain sent a radio signal before the ship sank Ifthe captain had sent a radio signal before the ship sank .. If Les had been here now .. It Les is here now ... If Sarah said anything to your boss while you were away .. I Sarah had said anything to your boss while you were away . If Ali had bought the tickets when the box office first opened ... It Ali bought the tickets when the box office first opened ... 1 have any more food .. It'd had any more food .. @avanseana B Match each meaning on the left with the correct tense on the right. 1 Ifyou mean that it is possibly true in a) you use if+ the simple past (for the presenttuture .. ‘example, ihe left early yesterday...) 2 Ifyoumean that twas possibly ue +b). you use if+ the past perfect in the past, (for example, ithe had left early...) 3 Ifyou mean that itis definitly not true _c)._you use i+ the simple present in the pastipresent (and even future) (for example, ifhe leaves early...) © Match each clause in part A with the correct ending below. Example: __Ifthe captainhad sentaradio ___)_ we would have been rescued by now. signal before the ship sank, b) they! rescue us soon. a) we'll be able to ask him. b) we could have asked him a) you'l be in trouble, ) you would have been in trouble. a) well have excellent seats b)_we would have got much better seats. a) I'd give it to you. b) Mil give it to you.1 If sentences 3 the two verbs in italic What your friend says Example: Why don't you stay longer? You'd be very welcome. 1 Why didn’t you ring me from the airport? 2 Do make yourself at hhome here, won't you? 3 You know, you really shouldn’t have brought all these gifts! 4 Why don’t you come and meet some of my friends on Thursday? Now, can you remember all the things 've told you about Glasgow? 6 And why not visit Cornwall too while you're here? 7 Is Stephanie meeting us next weekend? 8 By the way, it wasa good thing you managed to catch the bus this evening, wasn’t it? 9 You look tired! Why don’t you have an carly night? mixed if sentences What you think You would like to stay, but you don’t have time. You didn’t have any change so you didn't ring. You are happy to help yourself to anything you need. You wanted wo bring them, You'd like to come, but you aren’t sure if you have time, You aren’t sure if you remember, but you can always ring her to ask. You don’t have enough money! But you would like to go there. You know she was hoping to come, but you don’t know if she got a plane ticket. You are happy you caught it because you didn’t want to wait until tomorrow morning for the next bus! You are waiting for a phone call so you can’t go to bed. You have just arrived to stay with a British friend at her house. Read the comments your friend makes to you and your thoughts about the comments. Then complete your replies using the word ifin each reply and the “What you think’ section. What you say Tf Thad time fa stay longer. If Don't worry. If I wouldn't Pil certainly Don't worry. —____ Well, I think I would — I'm not sure. She'll —— Yes, I'd still I would Se Fay Sue Laer 185, Pasha by Hama als Lagige Teahig Ti shea be ptecop nd we ec POR SoaIndirect questions 1 A. You are staying with your friend, Liz. One morning Liz leaves you the following note. Hil I'm afraid 1’m in a panic. the Dunals, (the French family I worked for year), have just is weekend. Tf you today, could you make the following phone calls for me? to say that they're coning Bus station tine of first bus to Heathrow on Friday morning, Heathrow airport arrival time for BA 272. Bargain Car Hire cost of car hire for 2 days. HALL Guest House double room available this weekend? ‘rain station cost of family day excursion ticket to London. | Wong Hu Restaurant © open on Sunday evenings? | Diana cone and mest then on Sunday? ‘Thanks a lot - you'll find all the munbers in my address book. Liz Now finish the questions you need to ask each person you ring. Example: Bristol Could you tell me what time __the first bus to Heathrow Bus Station —onFriday mormingis 1 Bristol Station Could you tell me how much. 2 2 Hill Guest House T’d like to know 3 Bargain Car Hire A friend of mine would like to know how much 4 Heathrow Twonder if you can tell me what time 2 5 Hong Hu Could you tell me 6 Diana Liz wants to know whether B Here are some things the Dumals need to know. Complete the sentences by choosing a phrase or item from each box. L if whattime what howlong whether (how far) how much [2 Example: 1'd like to know —howfar_away the station is_= 1 Could you tell us the next bus arrives 2 Do you happen to know ‘or not the chemist is open late 3 Have you any idea there’s a market near here 4 We'd like to know the flight takes 5 do you think a ticket co Brighton costs —__ 6 We were wondering the name of this hotel was _ wna Su Lived 165. ibe by Honan Eg Lrg Tt. Ths sit maybe ptacped anu we cssIndirect questions 2 W ‘A _Inthese two conversations David is talking on the phone to a shop-assistant and to a friend, Rita, about a new computer he wants to buy. Put the questions from the box into the correct conversation. ) Do you happen to know which is the nearest bus stop for your shop? b) Is that before or after tax? | ©) And how much are they? d) | don't suppose you remember how much your Foplex was? ©) Could you tell me if you have any Roplex XT1000Es in stock? Yes, plenty. 2 ‘2985 excluding tax. 2 Yes, Oxford Circus. 2 2 ‘About £1000, but it's difficult o remember. 2 Before, I'm afraid B Both of the conversations begin with indirect questions. Which of the following do you think are true about the use of indirect questions? Put a tick V next to the ones which are true and a cross x by any which are not. 1. You often use indirect questions to begin a conversation with someone you don't know well. 2 Once you have begun a conversation with an indirect question is normal to ask ‘other questions in the same way. | | 8 You often use indirect questions when you think your question is unusual or that ‘someone might not know the answer. [| © David is talking to a passenger he has never met before at the bus stop. Change any questions you think necessary in the following conversation into indirect questions. Begin with ‘Do you happen to know ...’ each time. David: ‘What time's the next bus due? 1 Passenger: In about five minutes | think. David: Great, not long, then. Does it go to Oxford Circus? & Passenger: | hope so, that’s where I’m going! Davi ‘Oh, where's the Comsoft computer shop? 3 Passenger: Never heard of it, I'm afraid, © Wn Fors. Sue Lace 155, uaa by Heenan aps agugs easip Th sh may opens an uss whee RARInfinitive and gerund 1 23 What are these people saying? Complete their sentences using a verb from the box in the correct form. [ tsen watch come marry feed come shout go tell throw “Will you please be quiet; 'm trying to the music.” Fi_| ‘don’t regret —____ him; but 1 wish I hadn't said I liked modern art.” “Why don’t we try against the wall?” “Will you please stop —_______ and calm down.’ forget here with you time just after we were married. A: What happened?” B: ‘I don’t know; I remember out of the door, then nothing else.” ‘Tregret ___ you that the next boat won't be until May.” ‘Oh no! I forgot the bank!’4 Infinitive and gerund 2 A Match each sentence with the correct picture, a or b. 1 She has stopped talking b [ to him, | 2 She has stopped to talk to him. B_ Complete the second sentence each time. Use the words in italics in the first sentence in the infinitive with to, for example, to leave or the gerund, for example, leaving. Example: | wish I hadn’t eaten so much. Tregret eating so much; I've got a stomach ache. 1 I couldn't light the fire because the wood was wet. Tried _____ the fire; but the wood was too wet, 2 Iwas cold so I lit the fire. Iwas cold so I tried _______ the fire, but I still couldn't get warm. 3 Lteach every day. [never normally walk out of a lesson, but yesterday I felt sick. I stopped —_____ and walked out of the class. 4 [was travelling through Arkansas when I was asked to stop and teach there for a while. Iwas passing through Arkansas, but I stopped _____ there for a while. 5 Ididn’tlock my car at first, but then I saw a poster saying ‘Beware of car thieves’. Tonly remembered —____ my car when I saw a poster in the street. 6 Lwent to Greece as a child, but forgot all about it until saw the photographs. Iremembered _____ to Greece as a child when I'saw the photographs. 7 We went to the beach. When I saw how far it was, I wished I hadn't gone. Tregretted ______to the beach when I saw how far it was. 8 ‘I don’s want to fell you this, but you must come with me to the station, sir? ‘I regret ______you that you must accompany me to the station, sir C Match the sentence halves on the left with the correct ending, a or b, on the right. 1 He stopped eating a) ina little restaurant outside Oxford. 2. He stopped to eat ) when he found an insect in his food. 3. Tried to tell him a joke a) but I couldn’e remember it. 4 Teried telling him a joke ) but he still wouldn’t laugh. 5 He stopped to smoke a cigarette a) but he still smokes cigars. 6 He stopped smoking cigarettes _b) and then he went back to work. 7. Did you remember to go a) to Paris in 19792 8 Do you remember going ») to the Post Office, or shall I go tomorrow? 9 tried to push the car a) but I couldn’t move it. 10 [tried pushing the car b) but the engine still wouldn't start. 11 Tregeet to tell you a) that you must leave this school forever. 12 I regret telling you b) my secret; you've told everyone. nS tr 198 Pete yam eg angie Teng Ti et yb oop nd se wih seCOG C OOO ‘W Infinitive and gerund 3 ) 5 A Read what they did first and what they did second. Then decide which sentence they would say, aor b. What they did What they aid What they say first second Example: He used io bute stoppedifive _a) | stopped to smoke five years ago. smoke a lot years ago. (®))| stopped smoking five years ago. 1 He was working and smoked a a) | stopped to smoke a cigarette buthe stopped cigarette, ®) | stopped smoking a cigarette. 2 She remembered so she methimat a) | remembered to meet Jim. their appointment the restaurant. ») | remembered meeting Jim. 3 Hemet Yuka a —buthe can sill a) | remember to meet Yuka. longtime ago remember her. ») | remember meeting Yuka. 4 Itold Lars and — sonow I regret it; a) | regret to tell Lars my secret he told everyone everyone knows! ——_b) I regret teling Lars my secret 5 Idon'twant to Iltell you now, a) | regret to tell you that you must leave. tellyou, but! ‘Youmustleave’ _b) I regTet telling you that you must leave. must so 6 I wanted to close and I tried, but | 2) | tied to close the window. thewindow, couldn't ») | tried closing the window. 7 The'tralficwas $0 | dosed the a) | tried to close the window. loud, window but | could _b) | tried closing the window. stil hear it, B_ Write each word or phrase 7 in the correct box. Example: remember seeing him. (remember/see) | 1 Iremembered to see hi 2 I stopped seeing him, (stop/see) 3 I stopped to see him. 4 {regret teling you. Es on (regret/tell) 5 | regrotio tell you © Match each sentence on the lett with its ending, @ or b, on the right. 1 [tried talking to him, but a) he wouldn't agree with anything | said 2 tried to talk to him, but ') they wouldn't let me in to see him, 8 ‘tried talking to him’ means 2) I couldn't talk to him. 4 ‘tried to talk to him’ means ») I alked to him but it was no use. ee of2A: Infinitive and gerund 4 A There are 14 verbs in the box. Seven are followed by an infinitive, for example, agree to do something, and seven by a gerund, for example, admit doing something. Put the verbs on the correct side of the scales. “The scales must balance and have exactly 40 letters on each side. ——(agres) avoid choose deny miss plan recall | Gadi) arrange consider decide manage practise refuse VERBS + GERUND B_ Here are two conversations which use some of the verbs from the scales above. Complete each conversation by using a verb from the box. You must decide whether to use a gerund or an infinitive. stay meet (e2) get have 1 A: Sorry I missed seeing _ you last week. I was feeling so ill that I decided 1 in bed; that’s why I didn’t manage 2 to the meeting. B: Well, never mind, we've arranged 3 another meeting next week; we're planning 4 at about two o’clock in the usual place. attack give steal drop see The accused doesn’t admit 5 the money, and he certainly denies 6 the cashier, The cashier is refusing 7 evidence because she can’t recall ever 8 the accused before. Bs In that case, I expect the police are considering 9 go speak sit visit 3 A: When Theard we could afford a holiday, Iehose 10 Italy. But then Roger said he wanted to avoid 11 the sun and he also wanted to practise 12 German. B: So is that why you agreed 13 the charges. to Germany instead? © et Sa Lande 1095 Pid by Herman Ep Lange Tn Thi stony noe an aes wine POURRA RARRA PeaTOOT e ae Linking words 1 unless, as long as, in case, although A. Match the phrase from column A with a phrase from column B to make a complete sentence each time. A B 1 Take your camera in case a) you don't mind carrying it. 2 Take your camera unless 'b) mine doesn’t work. 3 Take your camera as long as c) you haven't brought it. 4 Take your camera although d) you won't have much time for pictures. B Your friend, Araceli, is going to visit London for the first time. Look at the questions she asks you about London. Use your thoughts with one of the expressions from the box to complete your answers to her questions. unless aslong.as incase although Araceli’s questions Example: What do you think the weather will be like? 1. What's the best way to travel round the city? 2 But isn’t the underground very complicated? 3 What do you think about the Sunday markets? 4 And what about shopping in Oxford Street? 5 Do you think it’s a good idea to see the ‘Tower of London? 6 What about that jazz club you mentioned? 7 Do you think I should try to get to Scotland? 8 Is there anything else I should know? Your thoughts It’s a good idea to take an umbrella as it might rain, ‘The underground is fast and easy. It’s only a problem if she wants to see the sights. You decide to give her a map because you think she might get lost. You always enjoy them, but many people think they are too crowded. This is not a good idea, except if she wants to spend a lot of money. This is only a good idea if she can arrive early t0 avoid the crowds. Ie possible to go. The problem is she will find it very n This is a good idea, but only if she doesn’t mind a Jong journey. It would be a good idea to bring extra money because she might want to buy a lot of presents. Your answers Bring an umbrella incase irons. The underground is best Here's a map Personally, I like them I don’t think idea sa good Yes, it's a good idea Yes, you could go, Sounds like a good idea Bring more money than uu think you'll need oe ge eee mem hen Tec Ned nme, //Linking words 2 although, in spite of, despite, because, however, due to, therefore A Complete what the people in the pictures are saying by choosing one word from the box below each time. despite because spite duc however although 1 J Well, we got here | 2] to bad | the weather! weather conditions, all flights have been cancelled. 2 wo & : = FH ba : can’t come now ae | of the children. 6 | awell, he said he CLR » loved me. I ot | | (never saw him again. " J) | lige was He still gets \/ hard then, we were around well in I very happy. of his leg, B_ Here is some advice about holidays in ane Greenland, Match the beginning of each sentence with its correct ending. asia A B 1 Because of a) it's a good idea to book with a Danish company. 2 Although b) due to the high costs. 3 If the weather is very bad, ©) you'll probably have to stay in a hotel 4 Take some ice grips d) it’s cold, transport usually still runs. 5 It belongs to Denmark, therefore e) the extremely low temperatures you'll need protective clothin; 6 Despite £) of the low temperatures, there's still a lot of sunshine. 7 Inspite '8) in case you have the chance to go climbing. 8 You'll only be able to stay a h) the beauty of the fjords, it’s still not short time a popular holiday resort. © wax, Sus Laven 195. Publae by nena Ea Lange Tench Te St aye pnapat at e wen e PORW Linking words 3 although, in spite of, despite, because, however, due to, therefore A A 1 2 3 ous ‘Match each beginning on the left with its ending a, b, or con the right. Because Because of Due He often felt the cold because He often felt cold because of He often felt cold due In spite Despite Although 10 In spite 11 Despite 12 Although, B 1 B a) b) °) a) b) ° a) b) 9 a) b) °) the rain, we stayed at home. itwas raining, we stayed at home. to the rain, we stayed at home. having lived in India. to having lived in India. he had lived in Inia. the cost, we bought it of the cost, we bought it twas expensive, we bought it. ‘she was ill, she came to the meeting. ‘of being ill, she came to the meeting, being il, she came to the meeting, Rewrite the following sentences using the word in brackets each time. Because of the train strike, we took the car. (due) 2 Although Iwas hungry, | couldn't eat the snails. (despite) 3 In spite of the rough weather, the boat set sail. (although) 4 The economy collapsed, therefore the government resigned, (because) 5. They said the bridge wouldn't last; itis, however, stil standing, (but) 6 Take my phone number; you might need it. (case) © Here is part of a letter from Georges who has just visited Ireland, There are four mistakes in his letter; find them and correct them.() Look, look like, look as if 1 ‘Mrs Wallace has just moved into Lucas Street. Her new neighbours have different opinions of her, Look at the neighbours’ thoughts and complete their answers. Use one of the three forms: She looks/sounds ...; She looks/sounds like ...; She looks/sounds as if .. A. What does Mrs Wallace look like? a Mrs Wallace Mr Toms thinks ... Mrs Porrit thinks ... Mr Payne thinks ... Example: ‘Sh looks ke 36 a princess, mean. my old mother, i a. beautiful. she'd murder you. lonely. 2 FS eg she'll live forever. an old witch: she’s had a hard life B_ What's she like to talk to? Example: She sounds 3 6 - charming. an old crow. she wants someone to talk to. 1 Her voice —______ 4_____________§ 7 asilver bell. she’s hiding something. _a brave woman. 2____________. 5__________ 8 she grew up ina palace, aggressive. Polish, ROTH TT 25 Piste by Honora Eg Langue Tati. Th Set ma pao win es,TOC W Look, look like, look as if 2 A Each of these sentences describes one of the pictures. Write the name of each thing. venue Example: It tastes like fre; it tastes as if it might bum your stomach away. €) chil pepper 1 It feels hard and cold; it feels like a wet stone, 2 They smell horrible! They smell as if they have been used to keep cheese in for twenty years, 8 It'sounds exciting, it sounds like waves on a beach. It sounds as though it could lit you and carry you away, 4 He looks as if he has been running; he looks hot and sweaty. 5 She looks old. She looks as though a breath of wind would blow her over. B Put one of the following in each space where necessary: like, as if or as though. 1 Use + adjective + noun, for example, Monkeys Jook. ‘old men. 2 Use + noun, for example, A cat sometimes sounds _a baby exying. 3 Use + adjective, for example, Cotton feels ____ soft. 4 Use __ or __ + clause, for example, It smells a ‘something is burning. © Look at the pictures and complete each sentence with words from the two boxes. taste smell sound feet | | — like asias though | t_fele fy 3t——____- o F ‘ ‘African music. an ait there's a party upstairs. 5 it___its going to rain. Lave Yuba yams gli Langage Techie Te set mayb oi an wees) Modal verbs 1 Look at the pictures and complete what each person is saying using a verb from the box. Sometimes more than one verb is possible. [ would should could might | Example: [7 1 | b ‘you pass me the sugar, please? | (You _should have this leg X-rayed immediately! the Leeds train. Oh look, ie’s written on door | (hen I was young play very well too. (When we were first =| \/engaged he \. He never forgot. always take a taxi |(instead, what do you [- think? WP) eS, ‘© Fry Su Laver 186 Pubes y Henan Engl Language Teasing. Ths et Beppe anda in cass. =W = Modal verbs 2 A Match the beginning of each sentence with the most appropriate ending, aorb. 1 You should wear a seat belt a) it you drive in Britain, 2 You would wear a seat belt ») if you drove in Britain 3. Ifyou applied for that job you would a) but | don't really think you'd have very get it; much chance. 4 Ifyou applied for that job you ») with your qualifications they'd be certain mighticould get it to take you. 5 Itshould be even warmer tomorrow; a) but | really hope not, 6 It might/could be even warmer ») it said s0 on the forecast. tomorrow 7 She could play the piano asa child a) but now she’s forgotten how to. 8 She would play the piano as achild _b) whenever guests came. You could see a doctor about that —_a) I'm positive it needs medical attention. 10 You should see a doctor about that; _b) but | don't think it's really necessary. B_ Match the meanings below with the numbers of the sentences from part A. Note that some of the meanings match more than one sentence. a) an ability someone had in the past ) a habit someone had in the past )_ the certain outcome of an ifclause 2 and 4) the possibie outcome of an if clause @) strong advice for someone to do something _!__and 4) a good outcome in the future based on strong evidence Q) the possibilty that something will happen in the future ha suggestion for someone to do something © Complete the sentence using a word from the box. would should could might Example: if you want someone to do something you ask if they would _or could do it for you. 1 Ifyou have strong evidence that something good will happen in the future you say it happen, 2 if you think it’s possible that something will happen in the future you say it__ or happen. 3. if you want to give someone strong advice you say they __do something 4 I you want to make a suggestion you say someone <0 something, 5 Ifyou are talking about an ability in the past you say someone do something 6 Ifyou are talking about a habit in the past you say someone do something 7 To talk about the certain outcome of an ‘if clause you use 8 To talk about the possible outcome of an ‘if clause you use or Sw Fry. See Leer 185, Paty nema pe ange Teo Ts es ay be ttn an ued wn eeModal verbs 3 A. Jerry Lindsay is going to Guatemala for a year. His mother is worried about the trip. Write her questions using twill have to or will be able to and a word or phrase from the box. yme home gocamping learn (phone) have findajob driveacar write | be able to phone us? ‘Oh yes; it’s possible to dial direct from there, ee Not at first, I've saved enough money to last for a few months. —_______________ Spanish while you're there? ‘Yes; not many people speak English there, but I want to anyway. in the countryside? Jerry: Icertainly hope so; that’s one of the reasons I want to go. 4 Mother: te you? Jerry: Oh yes. 'll send you my address as soon as Tan. 5 Mother; 2 there Jerry: [think so; I've got an international driving licence. 6 Mother; —_______ "lots of injections? Jerry: Pve already had them. 7 Mother; — if you really want to? Jerry: Yes, of course I will; I've always got my return ticket. B_ A reporter is interviewing a student about politics. Complete the sentences with can, must, be able to or have to in the correct form and the verb in brackets. Sometimes you need to use will. —Ganlask __ you a few questions about politics in your country? Yes, certainly. How old 1 ____ (be) to vote in your country? Eighteen; my age. I'm just eighteen. So you 2____ (vote) at the next election. ‘That's right; for the first time. Do you know who you're going to vote for? P'm not sure. If the national party wins we 3____(start) doing national service and they'll cut spending on education so a lor of people 4 ______ (not go) to university, but at the same time we 5 _ (not pay) so much tax. Reporter: Are most people very interested in politics in your country? Student: Oh yes, a lot of people think we 6 (keep) the national party out at all costs and get the social party in. Reporter: Do you think they 7____ (do) that? Student: don’t know. We 8 ___see].. ‘© wa Fs So aventer 18. obey Heme Engn Langiog Teer, Th sha mayb photocopies wih css. A a PORE RERORRPRAARA PAY AT W Modal verbs 4 A Put each phrase from the box into the correct picture. won'tbeabieto cant | 2{(You— _— drive: you're ») much too young ) B Inthe following dialogues put a tick in the box if the sentences are possible. ‘Sometimes only one sentence is possible, but sometimes both a and bare possible, Example: ‘We're going to Ulan Baatarnext month; | a) can we telephone direct from there? [7] _ 'b) will we be able to telephone direct from there? | 7’ 41 They're putting in an intemational phone line next month; fa) can we telephone direct then? _| ) will we be able to telaphone directthen? (_] 2 My legs are badly broken, aren't they, doctor? a) Yes, but you can walk again in eight months or so. [_ ) Yes, you'll be able to walk again in eight months or so. [| 3 feel much better now, doctor. a) Yes, you can leave at the end of the week. [| ) Yes, you'll be able to leave at the end of the week. [_ 4 We don't have to study foreign languages at the moment, but Mrs Vine becomes head teacher next year 2) and then we have to study French or German. ») and then welll have to study French or German. |_| 5 When you go to senior school a) you have to study French or German. [ b) you'll have to study French or German. © Match each sentence beginning with its correct ending. 1. You use can to say that is not yet possible (but it will be). 2 You use will be able toto say that _b) it is possible now (lo do it now or in the future). 3 You use must or have toto say that _¢) it is necessary now (to do it now or in the future). 4 You use will have to to say that 4d) itis not necessary yet (but it will be) os Suc ene 15 Pi Hat Sepia anus Ting The aye esp nd win i.Modal verbs 5 would/should/could have done referring to the past A Alan went sailing and got lost in a storm. He was rescued by a ship. When the captain heard Alan’s story, he was not very sympathetic. Complete the captain’s sentences using the words in brackets with should, would or could/might (in this situation could and might mean the same thing in the correct form. ear i LIU Sei py 2 i a a hin, ‘ har Don’t your realise you __eould have drifted (drift) for days? You 1______(even die) if we hadn’t seen you. You 2 (listen) to the weather forecast before you left and you 3 check) your petrol supply. You 4 —____not go) sailing again until you learn to do it properly. You were lucky we found you; we § easily miss) you out in the open sea and then you 6 — (be) in real trouble. If you went to classes you 7 (know) what to do and you $ —_____ learn) to be a real sailor, though I'm not sure of that. You 9 (take) some waterproof clothes and a life jacket when you set out, and you 19 tel) someone where you were going. In fact, you 1]_—__________________{go out) at all as the weather’s been so changeable recently. If you had died i 42. (be) alll your own fault, and you're not a child either; you 13 (know) better, You 14 —___________(still catch) influenza, so keep warm. B__ Use amodal from the box and the underlined verb to complete what each speaker says. should could would might/could I'm sorry I didn’t do it, but if there'd been time I certainly Thought some shoes which didn’t fie me; I He was miles away when it was stolen so he Lola took the train. If the plane hadn’t been so expensive, she I still haven’t rung her although 1 know I PORE RERRRRARRRRARDAHPROAHIPP Re.COO ae Modal verbs 6 would/should/could have done referring to the present and future A Complete the sentences with a verb from the box. If two answers are possible, for example, I would leave or I would have left, give both. finish stop go fall look (each) lend find grow ‘We get into port tomorrow; 1 Td ordered the tickets we should _have reached earlier | could afternoon port today but we lost on the China tour next but, as you can see, it’s time in the storm. summer, but fean’tnow. broken. All the leaves should might___________the report before the end _______by the acure for cancer by the of this week only my _ beginning of December. | end of this decade. computer broke. Iewould ____Irwould ___ With motorbikes we to thirty metres but for nice in the garden. could the storm. them before the bridge B_ Harry is having some trouble with the builders. Complete the conversation using the verbs in brackets and one of these modals: might, could, should or would. If two answers are possible, give both. Harry: I thought you said the house _wouldbe finished (finish) before next year. Builder: Yes, well, it 1 _— (be) for sure but for the rain, We 2____ (finish) building the house by winter if we'd been able to dig the foundations earlier and we 3 (dig) them last | week if we wanted to keep to the plan Harry: But we do want to keep to the plan. Builder: Yes, we 4 (certainly/finish) the foundations earlier, but with all the flooding the house 5 (fall) down too. Harry: I see. So what's the new timetable? Builder: If all goes well we 6 (finish) the interior by spring, and if 80, you 7 (move) in before the summer. Sue avec 185, Pedy Hinman gah ange Text Ti st a aeons wi teModal verbs7 W A Match each sentence on the left with one on the right. 1. Do you know what the next stop is? _a) It could/might/should have bet Leads. 2 Do you know what the last stop was? —_b) It could/might/should be Leeds. 3 4 5 6 How many of these tablets do | take? —_a) You should only have taken one. ‘Those tablets made me feel sick. __b) You should only take one, Why not come te the party tomorrow? a) mure you would enjoy i Why didnt you come tothe party) 'm sure you would have enjoyed it yesterday? He mightshould/would stay €) always refers tothe presentfuture, 8 he c He might/should/would have stayed _) often refers to the past. Match the beginning of each sentence on the left with its ending, a or b, on the right. It's a shame Sarah’s gone abroad; —_a) I'm sure she'd enjoy this party. Let's give Sarah a ring and ask her to b) I'm sure she'd have enjoyed this party ‘come It they haven't sold all the tickets yet a) | might/could leave tomorrow. | wish they hadn't sold all the tickets; _b) | might’could have left tomorrow. She would/could/might stay a) refers to a future which is still possible. She would/could/might have stayed —_b) often refers to @ present/future which is Why not wait here until 7.00? a) He might/could/should phone by then. no longer possible. Puta tick / against the endings which are possible. Sometimes both a and bare possible, sometimes only one of them is. b) He might/could/should have phoned by then. | Why not get here at 7.00? To got the diploma you oO a) He might/could/should phone any time after then. ) He might/could/should have phoned any time after then. OO a) should attend 1000 hours by the end of the course. b) should have attended 1000 hours by the end of the course. Weill let him take the exam again at the end of the week; Paris is such a beautiful city; It might/could/should/would have happened ‘a) he might/could understand calculus by then. b) he might/could have understood calculus by then. oO ‘i a) everybody should go there at least once in their life. ) everybody should have been there at least once in their life. a) can refer to the past, present or future. OO ) can only refer to the presentfuture, It mightshould/would happen) can refer to the past, present or future. oO b) can only refer to the presenvuture. oO ro Sa Len 15 Pa tran gah anne Tene Ths sat ye pooner ese win ess. PORRRR ARR RAR Pee eReTee Modal verbs 8 must, might, could and can’t for deduction A. Here are three photos. Decide which comment refers to which picture and write the letter of the comment in the box under the picture. i) Example: Ir must be cold. iii) f) Tt might have been snowing. a) Iemight be cold. 2) Ircan’t have been snowing. b) Itcan't be cold. h) It must have been snowing. ii) ¢) People can’t be working today. iv) i) The picture could have been 4d) People must be working today. taken in Britain, €) People might be working today. __j)_ The picture couldn’t have been taken in Britain. k) The picture must have been taken in Britain. B_ Here are some explanations of the comments above. Write the letter of each comment before the appropriate explanation. Note that the numbers, (i to iv), refer to the comments under the same number in part A. i) Example: _Example because everyone is wearing thick coats. 1 because everyone is wearing summer clothes. 2 because the wind is blowing. ii) 3 because all the shops and offices are open. 4 because there is a lot of traffic in the street. 5 because all the shops and offices are closed. iit) 6 because the ground looks white. 7 because it looks quite cold. 8 because the sun is shining and the flowers are blooming. iv) 9 because people are driving on the right. 10 because the signs are written in English. uu because there is a British flag flying. mrad Pandy ame pea Tone tennincan, /2SModal verbs9 W must, might, could and can’t for deduction A Read the information on the left and then use the verbs in the boxes to complete the comments. might won't will could 1 In winter, its always cold in ‘So when we get to Mongolia next winter it Mongolia. I's sometimes sunny (a) __be sunny, it (b) ____ be andit sometimes snows. It's foggy, butit (c) ___be cold and it never foggy. (@) ——— be snowing. could must can't” might | 2 Colin is tall with a moustache. _| can see someone coming: i's someone with Paulis tall and has grey hair. grey hair, it (a) ______ be Deb, or it (b) Deb is short and has grey hair. be Paul, but it certainly (c) be Colin ‘An yes, | can see better now; It's a man and he's Quite tall so it (d) be Paul ‘must have might have could have can't have 3 A: Have you ever seen ‘Purple —_B: No, I've never heard of it so I'm sure | Turtles’? It's @ great film! (a) ___seeniit. +: Well, it sounds a bit familiar; | think I (>) —____seen it. I'm not sure; | can never remember films, but 1(c) —___seen it. : Oh yes, | remember it! | (@) seen it years ago! might have can't have could have must have ] 4 Jasper has arrived in Budapest | (a)___ had it when | got off the plane and has just realised that he because | showed it at immigration control. has lost his passport. Then, | (b) —____Ieftit at immigration control because I showed it later at customs. After that | (c) put it back in my bag, or | (d) put tin my pocket, but | can't remember which. B Complete the sentences using the verbs in the box in the correct form. will can could must might Example: When you are sure about something in the future you say it_ill or won't happen. 1 When you think it possible that something will happen in the future you say it or ____ happen, 2 When you are sure that something is true you say it____be true. 3 When you are sure that something isn't true you say it or _____ be true. 4 When you think it possible that something is true you say it_____or be true. When you are sure that something has happened in the past you say it happened. When you are sure that something didn't happen in the past you say it = happened. When you think it possible that something happened in the past you say it or _____ happened, sane 198 ashy Woman aah angie Teng Ti het ye patespid an sd wine cs. or FARRER RRR a oP eeModal verbs 10 could, be able to and manage to A Yesterday, Steven Johnson, aged 52, rescued a boat with two children it. These pictures show you what happened. =e|| “Bs Pale Here is part of an interview between Steven and a reporter about the rescue. Use the verbs given to complete Steven’s replies. Use one of the following in every answer: managed, for example, I managed to find | could, for example, | could find just the yerb, for example, I found couldn't, for example, I couldn't find Reporter Steven Steven, could you tell Yes, I-was walking along by the harbour when I us what happened? sm ______(see) the boat about 400 metres away. Did you know there Well, 1____ (hear) crying, which 1 were children in it? thought was coming from the boat. Why didn’t you tell —_‘Ttried to, but! 2____ (phone) the life guard? because the telephone wasn’t working. So what did youdo? © 13 ____ (decide) to swim out and get it myself. ‘Were you frightened? I suppose I was, really, but when I was young I 4___ (swim) six miles without much trouble, so I thought I'd try it again. ‘Was the sea rough? Yes, very, and I nearly went under a couple of times, but finally 15 ____ (swim) to the boat and then I just 6 ____ (climb) on board without any trouble. What happened then? There was an engine on board, but 17 (start) it, so 1 8 (find) some oars and 9 (begin) rowing. Wasn't the boat very Yes, it was, and ’m not young any more, but slowly I heavy? 10 —____________ (row) the boat back into harbour. B_ Choose the most appropriate form, a or b, for each sentence. 1 Nigel a) couldn’t win the competition today, but he b) didn’t manage to did come second. 2 The tourists a) could complete the tour even though the b) managed to coach broke down. 3 Astrid a) could get in last night even though she lost b) was able to her key, 4 The pilot a) couldn’ fly at night because he had no lights. b) didn’t manage to rst Se avn 205 Publi by nena Et Langan Tat. Th set ay beeen mtu win ie asModal verbs 11 W could, be able to and manage to A. Match the sentences on the left with the explanations on the right. To do so, decide if the sentence is describing someone's general past ability to do something, or a single action in the past when someone succeeded in doing something. 1 He could sing beautifully as a child. a) asingle action 2 He was feeling sick but he managed to sing the b) a general ability song right to the end. 3 Apparently, she was able to walk before she was one a) asingle action year old. 4 She had broken a lag, but she was still able to walk b) a general ability toa house for help. 5 The horse escaped last night and we couldn't catch it. a) a single action 6 | couldn't swim until | was about 20 years old. b) a general ability 7 | didn’t stop her because | simply wasn't able to. a) asingle action 8 I've never been able to dance. b) a general ability B Read the three explanations and the examples. One of them is not possible. Which one? 1 managed = a successtul action “In yesterday's cycle race she managed to finish first and Mr Smith came second.” 2 could = an ability someone had “She could cycle 60 miles a day when she was 50." 3 could = a successful action “In yesterday's cycle race she could finish first and Mr Smith came second.” © Correct could/manage to in the following sentences only if necessary. ‘She managed to cycle up the hill on her eightieth birthday. Last Friday she could cycle up the hill in under five minutes for the first time. ‘She managed to cycle up the hill every day until the day she died. She could cycle up the hill until the day she died, ‘She could go shopping easily when she had her bicycle. Everyone was surprised when she lost the race because they knew that she managed to cycle faster than anyone else in the village. ourons 1 atop anand wn eh ELLE. =eeeeeellrecee esTOTTI Passives 1 Look at the picture and answer the question using the verb given. The answer always begins I’m afraid it : the tense in your answer should be the same as that What's happened to the train? What's happened to your car? T’'m afraid it’s _been cancelled. i= I'm afraid (steal) eG What's going to happen to the old 2 town hall? P'm afraid it’s ______ What's happ. (demolish) Pm afraid it What do you think will happen to the What's happening to the traffic during airport if the holiday trade increases? the procession? Pm afraid it________(enlarge) I'm afraid it _______ (divert) ‘What's happened to the sign? ‘What happens to the waste paper Tm afraid it____________Pmafraid it (knock down) (throw away) 10) Whar’s happening to my wife: T'm afraid she (interview)Passives 2 WT = = A Match each sentence with the correct picture, a or b. 1 He's stopped. 2 He's been stopped. 3. The party has ended. 4. The party has been ended 5. The car's moving. 6 The car's being moved. 7 Don't worry it's going to change. 8 Don't worry it's going to be changed. Match the beginning of each sentence with the most appropriate ending, aor. 1 I gave a) everybody my address. 2 Iwas given b) everybody's address, 3. This tiger killed a) by two hunters, 4 This tiger was killed b) two hunters, 5 Pam has her own car because a) she likes being driven 6 Pam has her own chauffeur b) she likes driving because 7 Ian's a music teacher now, a) he's being taught the piano. 8 lan’s.a music student now, ) he’s teaching the piano. 9 Atthe reunion a) he remembered all his old friends. 40 Atthe funeral b)_he was remembered by all his old friends.