EXETASEIS ANALUSH I

8 Febrouarou 2011

(LÔsei )

1) Na prosdiorisjoÔn ta ìria

 
1 1
(α) lim 2
− 2 και (β) lim x1/x .
x→1+ x + x − 2 2x − x − 1 x→+∞

LÔsh: (a) AplopoioÔme thn sqèsh

(x − 1)2
   
1 1 1
2
− 2 = =
x + x − 2 2x − x − 1 (x − 1)2 (x + 2)(1 + 2x) (x + 2)(1 + 2x)

 
1 1
lim =
x→1+ (x + 2)(1 + 2x) 9

(b)

ln x ∞ (ln x)′ 1
lim ln(x1/x ) = lim = = (Del′ Hospital) = lim = lim =0
x→+∞ x→+∞ x ∞ x→+∞ (x) ′ x→+∞ x

To zhtoÔmeno ìrio enai 1.

2) Dnetai h sunˆrthsh Bessel me genik  èkfrash

  
1 3 3 sin x
J2 = − − 1 cos x + .
x x2 x

Me thn propìjesh ìti |x| << 1, na apodexete ìti, se pr¸th prosèggish, h sunˆrthsh Bessel
grˆfetai J2 ≈ − x33 .
LÔsh: AnaptÔssoume to sunhmtono kai to hmtono se seirˆ

x2 x4 x3 x5
    
1 3 3 3
J2 (x) ≈ − 2
−1 1− + + x− + ≈ − 3.
x x 2! 4! x 3! 5! x

3)Mia etaira dianom  ladioÔ endiafèretai na kata-

skeuˆsei doqea qwrhtikìthta enì ltrou se sq ma or-

joÔ kulndrou (blèpe Sq ma 1), aktna r kai Ôyou h me

to elˆqisto kìsto gia to mètallo pou ja qrhsimopoih-

je gia thn kataskeu .

LÔsh: Prèpei na elaqistopoi soume thn epifˆneia tou

kulindrikoÔ doqeou

A = 2πr 2 + 2πrh

1 Sq ma 1: To doqeo ladioÔ pou jèloume

na kataskeuˆsoume
en¸ o ìgko Jèloume na enai stajerì 1000 = πr 2 h,
apalefonta to h ja èqoume

2000
A = 2πr 2 + .
r
p
Paragwgzonta thn sqèsh aut  kai exis¸nonta me to mhdèn brskoume ìti to r= 3
500/π kai

diapist¸noume me thn deÔterh parˆgwgo ìti to shmeo autì enai to apìluto elˆqisto. To Ôyo

2
tou doqeou upologzetai eÔkola apì ton tÔpo h = 1000/(πr ) = 2r.

4) Na upologisje to olokl rwma

x
Z
√ dx.
3 − 2x − x2

LÔsh: To 3 − 2x − x2 = 4 − (x + 1)2 kai me thn antikatˆstash u=x+1

x u−1
Z Z
√ dx = √ du
3 − 2x − x2 4 − u2
Antikajist¸nta u = 2 sin θ, du = 2 cos θdθ èqoume
 
x −1 x + 1
Z Z p
√ 2
dx = (2 sin θ −1)dθ = −2 cos θ −θ +c = − 3 − 2x − x −sin +c
3 − 2x − x2 2

5) Na upologisjoÔn (an enai dunatìn) ta oloklhr¸mata

1 3
1 − 2x dx
Z Z
(a) √ dx, (b) .
0 x − x2 0 x−1

LÔsh: (a)

1 1/2 1
1 − 2x 1 − 2x 1 − 2x
Z Z Z
√ dx = √ dx + √ dx
0 x − x2 0 x − x2 1/2 x − x2

Gia 0<l<1 ja èqoume

"Z #
1/2
1 − 2x
lim √ dx = 1
l→0 l x − x2

ìmoia

"Z #
l
1 − 2x
lim √ dx = −1
1/2 x − x2

kai telikˆ to

1
1 − 2x
Z
√ dx = 0.
0 x − x2

2
(b) ParathroÔme ìti x=1 enai kˆjeth asÔmptwth gia to olokl rwma, ˆra

3 1 3
dx dx dx
Z Z Z
= + .
0 x−1 0 x−1 1 x−1

ParathroÔme epsh ìti,

t
dx
Z
lim = lim [ln |x − 1|]t0 = −∞
t→1− 0 x − 1 t→1−

ˆra to olokl rwma apoklnei kai den qreiˆzetai na upologsoume to

3
dx
Z
.
1 x−1

[ Sqìlio: An den kˆnoume thn parat rhsh ìti sto x = 1 upˆrqei kˆjeth asÔmptwth to olokl rwma
upologzetai ìti enai peperasmèno kai so me ln 2.℄

6) Na upologisje to embadìn th tom  tou kÔklou r=1 kai tou kardioeidoÔ r = 1 − cos θ.
LÔsh:

To zhtoÔmeno embadìn enai o A=2E, ìpou

E = E1 + E2 . To E1 = π/4 enai to èna tetar-

1.0

thmìrio tou kÔklou, kai to

0.5

π/2
1 3π
Z
E2 = (1 − cos θ)2 dθ = −1 + . -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.5 1.0

2 0 8 -0.5

H zhtoÔmenh epifˆneia ja enai sh me A = -1.0

2(π/4 + (3π/8 − 1)) = 5π/4 − 2 ∼ 1.9.

Sq ma 2: To zhtoÔmeno embadìn enai h tom  tou

kÔklou kai tou kardioeidoÔ