Exercise 5B

1 a The gradient = –2 k 4x  2 y  9  0
2 y  9  4 x
b The gradient = –1
2 y  4 x  9
c The gradient = 3 y   42 x  92
y  2 x  92
d The gradient = 1
3 The gradient = –2

e The gradient = – 23 l 9x  6 y  2  0
6 y  2  9 x
f The gradient = 5
4 6 y  9 x  2
y   96 x  62
g 2x  4 y  5  0
y   32 x  13
2x  5  4 y
The gradient   32
4 y  2x  5
y  24 x  54 2 a c4
y  x
1
2
5
4

The gradient  12 b c  5

c c   23
h 10 x  5 y  1  0
10 x  1  5 y
d y  3x
5 y  10 x  1 y  3x  0
y  105 x  15 c0
y  2 x  15
The gradient = 2 e c 7
5

i x  2 y  4  0 f y  2  7x
2y  4  x y  7 x  2
2y  x  4 c2
y  12 x  2
g 3x  4 y  8  0
The gradient  12
3x  8  4 y
4 y  3x  8
j 3x  6 y  7  0
6 y  3x  7 y  34 x  84
y  63 x  76 y  34 x  2
y  12 x  76 c 2
The gradient  12

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2 h 4 x  5 y  10  0 3 b y  3x  2
4 x  10  5 y 0  3x  2  y
5 y  4 x  10 3x  2  y  0
y  54 x  105 3x  y  2  0
y  54 x  2
c y  6 x  7
c  2
6x  y  7
i 2 x  y  9  0 6x  y  7  0
y  9  2x
y  2x  9 d y  54 x  6
c 9 Multiply each term by 5:
5 y  4 x  30
j 7 x  4 y  12  0 0  4 x  30  5 y
4 y  12  7 x 4 x  30  5 y  0
4 y  7 x  12 4 x  5 y  30  0
y   74 x  124
e y  53 x  2
y  x3
7
4 Multiply each term by 3:
c  3 3 y  5x  6
0  5x  6  3 y
k 7x  2 y  3  0
5x  6  3 y  0
7x  3  2 y
5x  3 y  6  0
2 y  7x  3
y  72 x  23 f y  73 x
c 3
2 Multiply each term by 3:
3y  7x
l 5x  4 y  2  0 0  7x  3y
4 y  2  5x
7x  3y  0
4 y  5x  2
y  54 x  42 g y  2 x  74
y  54 x  12 Multiply each term by 7:
7 y  14 x  4
c   12
0  14 x  4  7 y
3 a y  4x  3 14 x  4  7 y  0
0  4x  3  y 14 x  7 y  4  0
4x  3  y  0
4x  y  3  0

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3 h y  3x  92
Multiply each term by 9: 5 3x + 2y = 0
9 y  27 x  2 2y = −3x
y =  32 x
27 x  9 y  2
The line meets the x-axis at y = 0.
27 x  9 y  2  0
Substituting y = 0 into y =  32 x :
0 =  32 x
i y  6 x  23
x=0
Multiply each term by 3:
The line meets the x-axis at R(0, 0).
3 y  18 x  2
18 x  3 y  2 6 5x − 4y + 20 = 0
18 x  3 y  2  0 Substitute x = 0:
5(0) – 4y + 20 = 0
j y   13 x  12 – 4y + 20 = 0
20 = 4y
Multiply each term by 6 (6 is the LCM
4y = 20
of 3 and 2):
y=5
6 y  2 x  3 The line meets the y-axis at A(0, 5).
2x  6 y  3
2x  6 y  3  0 Substitute y = 0:
5x – 4(0) + 20 = 0
k y  23 x  56 5x + 20 = 0
5x = –20
Multiply each term by 6 (6 is the LCM
x = –4
of 3 and 6):
The line meets the x-axis at B(−4, 0).
6 y  4x  5
0  4x  5  6 y 7 a The line passes through points (0, 5)
4x  5  6 y  0 and (6, 7).
4x  6 y  5  0 75
The gradient 
60
l y  53 x  12 
2
Multiply each term by 10 6 (10 is the 6
LCM of 5 and 2): 1

10 y  6 x  5 3
0  6 x  5  10 y
6 x  5  10 y  0 b So y  13 x  c
Use the point (0, 5).
6 x  10 y  5  0
Substitute x = 0 and y = 5 into
y  13 x  c to find c.
4 y = 6x – 18
Substitute y = 0: 5  13 (0)  c
6x – 18 = 0 c=5
6x = 18 So y  13 x  5
x=3 3y = x + 15
The line meets the x-axis at P(3, 0). x − 3y + 15 = 0
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8 a The line passes through (5, 0) 12 a l1: y = 3x − 7
and (0, 2). The point of intersection is P(−3, b).
20 Substituting x = −3 and y = b into l1:
The gradient = b = 3(−3) − 7
05
2 b = −16
=
5
b l2: ax + 4y − 17 = 0
b y= 5x+c
2
The point P(−3, −16) is on the line.
From the coordinates (0, 2) the Substituting x = −3 and y = −16 into l2:
y-intercept is 2. a(−3) + 4(−16) − 17 = 0
So y =  52 x + 2 −3a − 81 = 0
5y = −2x + 10 a = −27
2x + 5y − 10 = 0
Challenge
9 ax + by + c = 0
by = −ax − c The line passes through (0, a) and (b, 0).
y =  ba x  bc 0a
The gradient =
The gradient =  ba b0
a
The y-intercept =  bc =
b
The y-intercept is at x = 0.
10 ax − 2y + c = 0 This is the point (0, a).
2y = ax + c a
y = a2 x  2c y=  x+a
b
The gradient = a
2 = 3, so a = 6. by = −ax + ab
The y-intercept = c
2 = 5, so c = 10. ax + by − ab = 0
a = 6, c = 10

11 Line l has equation y = −2x + 6.

For the second line:
5x − 8y − 15 = 0
8y = 5x − 15
y = 85 x  158
The lines intersect where:
y = −2x + 6 and y = 85 x  158 cross
So −2x + 6 = 85 x  158
Multiply through by 8.
−16x + 48 = 5x − 15
21x = 63
x=3
Substituting x = 3 into y = −2x + 6:
y = −2(3) + 6
y=0
The lines intersect at P(3, 0).

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