Exercise 5C

1 a m = 2, (x1, y1) = (2, 5) g m = 2, (x1, y1) = (a, 2a)

y − y1 = m(x − x1) y − y1 = m(x − x1)
y − 5 = 2(x − 2) y − 2a = 2(x − a)
y − 5 = 2x − 4 y − 2a = 2x − 2a
y = 2x + 1 y = 2x

b m = 3, (x1, y1) = (−2, 1) h m = − 12 , (x1, y1) = (−2b, 3b)

y − y1 = m(x − x1) y − y1 = m(x − x1)
y – 1 = 3(x − (−2)) y − 3b = − 12 (x − (−2b))
y – 1 = 3(x + 2)
y − 3b = − 12 (x + 2b)
y – 1 = 3x + 6
y = 3x + 7 y − 3b = − 12 x − b
y = − 12 x − b + 3b
c m = −1, (x1, y1) = (3, −6) y = − 12 x + 2b
y − y1 = m(x − x1)
y − (−6) = −1(x − 3)
y + 6 = −x + 3
2 a  x1 , y1    2, 4 ,  x2 , y2    3, 8
y = −x − 3 y2  y1
The gradient m =
x2  x1
d m = −4, (x1, y1) = (−2, −3) 84
y − y1 = m(x − x1) m
3 2
y − (−3) = −4(x − (−2)) 4
y + 3 = −4(x + 2) The equation is y − y1 = m(x − x1)
y + 3 = −4x − 8 y − 4 = 4(x − 2)
y = −4x − 11 y − 4 = 4x − 8
y = 4x − 4
e m = 12 , (x1, y1) = (−4, 10)
y − y1 = m(x − x1) b  x1 , y1    0, 2 ,  x2 , y2   3, 5
y − 10 = 12 (x − (−4)) y2  y1
y − 10 = 12 (x + 4) The gradient m =
x2  x1
y − 10 = 12 x + 2 52
m
y = 12 x +12 30
3

f m = − 23 , (x1, y1) = (−6, −1) 3
y − y1 = m(x − x1) 1
y − (−1) = − 23 (x − (−6)) The equation is y − y1 = m(x − x1)
y + 1 = − 23 (x + 6) y − 2 = 1(x − 0)
y−2=x
y + 1 = − 23 x − 4 y=x+2
y = − 23 x − 5

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2 c  x1 , y1    2, 0 ,  x2 , y2    2, 8 f  x1 , y1    4, 1 ,  x2 , y2    6, 4 
y2  y1 y2  y1
The gradient m = The gradient m =
x2  x1 x2  x1
80 4   1
m m
2   2  6   4 
8 5
 
4 10
2 1
The equation is y − y1 = m(x − x1) 
2
y − 0 = 2(x − (−2)) The equation is y − y1 = m(x − x1)
y = 2(x + 2)
y − (−1) = 12 (x − (−4))
y = 2x + 4
y + 1 = 12 (x + 4)
d  x1 , y1    5, 3 ,  x2 , y2    7, 5 y + 1 = 12 x + 2
y2  y1 y = 12 x + 1
The gradient m =
x2  x1
5   3  g  x1 , y1    1,  5 ,  x2 , y2    3, 3
m
75 y2  y1
The gradient m =
8 x2  x1

2 3   5 
m
4 3   1
The equation is y − y1 = m(x − x1)
8
y − (−3) = 4(x − 5) 
y + 3 = 4x − 20 2
y = 4x − 23  4
The equation is y − y1 = m(x − x1)
y − (−5) = −4(x − (−1))
e  x1 , y1    3, 1 ,  x2 , y2    7, 3 y + 5 = −4( x + 1)
y + 5 = −4x − 4
y2  y1 y = −4x − 9
The gradient m =
x2  x1
3   1 h  x1 , y1    4, 1 ,  x2 , y2    3,  9 
m
73 y2  y1
The gradient m =
4 x2  x1

4 9   1
1 m
3    4 
The equation is y − y1 = m(x − x1)
y − (−1) = 1(x − 3) 8

y+1=x−3 1
y=x−4  8

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2 h The equation is y − y1 = m(x − x1) 3 Line passes through (7, 2) and (9, −8).
y − (−1) = −8(x − (−4)) (x1, y1) = (7, 2), (x2, y2) = (9, −8)
y + 1 = −8( x + 4) y y
y + 1 = −8x − 32 The gradient m  2 1
x2  x1
y = −8x − 33
8  2
m
i  x1 , y1    13 , 52  ,  x2 , y2    32 , 54  97
10
y2  y1 
The gradient m = 2
x2  x1
 5
4
 52 The equation is y − y1 = m(x − x1)
m 5
2
3  13 y − 2 = −5(x − 7)
2 y − 2 = −5x + 35
 5
1 y + 5x – 37 = 0
3

2 4 For the equation of AB:

 3
5 y y
The gradient m = 2 1
6 x2  x1

5 05
The equation is y − y1 = m(x − x1) m
2  3
y − 52 = 65 (x − 13 ) 5

y− 2
5= 65 x − 2
5 5
y = 65 x 1
The equation is y − y1 = m(x − x1)
j  x1 , y1     34 , 71  ,  x2 , y2    14 , 73  y − 5 = 1(x − 3)
y−5=x−3
y2  y1 y = x + 2 or y − x − 2 = 0
The gradient m =
x2  x1 For the equation of AC:
3
1 y y
m  1 7 73 The gradient m  2 1
4   4 
x2  x1
2 1  5
 7 m
1 43
2 6
 
7 1
The equation is y − y1 = m(x − x1)  6
y − 17 = 72 (x − (  34 )) The equation is y − y1 = m(x − x1)
y − 5 = −6(x − 3)
y− 1
= 72 x + 34
7
y − 5 = −6x + 18
y = 72 x + 34 + 17 y = −6x + 23 or 6x + y − 23 = 0
y = 72 x + 145 For the equation of BC:
 x1 , y1    2, 0 ,  x2 , y2    4, 1

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 y2  y1 6 So y  y1  m( x  x1 )
4 The gradient m 
x2  x1 1
y−5= (x − 7a)
1  0 2a
m
4   2  2ay − 10a = x − 7a
x − 2ay + 3a = 0
1

6 But the equation of line l is:
The equation is y − y1 = m(x − x1) x + by − 12 = 0
y − 0 = − 16 (x − (−2)) Therefore, 3a = −12, a = −4.
y = − 16 (x + 2) Using the coefficients of x:
−2a = b
y = − 16 x − 13  6 y   x  2
a = −4, b = 8
or 16 x + y + 13 = 0  x  6 y  2  0
Challenge
5 Line through (a, 4) and (3a, 3). y2  y1
y y a m=
m 2 1 x2  x1
x2  x1
3 4 b Using y  y1  m( x  x1 ) :

3a  a y y
1 y  y1  2 1 ( x  x1 )
 x2  x1
2a y  y1 y2  y1
x + 6y + c = 0 
6y = −x − c x  x1 x2  x1
y =  16 x  16 c y  y1 x  x1

1 1 y2  y1 x2  x1
m =    , so a = 3.
6 2a
As a = 3, (a, 4) is the point (3, 4). c Passes through (−8, 4) and (−1, 7).
Substituting x = 3 and y = 4 into y  y1 x  x1

y =  16 x  16 c to find c: y2  y1 x2  x1
4 =  16 (3)  16 c y4 x  (8)

24 = −3 − c 7  4 (1)  ( 8)
c = −27 y 4 x 8
a = 3, c = −27 
3 7
3( x  8)
6 Line through (7a, 5) and (3a, 3). y−4=
7
y y
m 2 1 3 24
x2  x1 y = x 4
7 7
35 3 52
 y = x
3a  7 a 7 7
2

4a
1

2a
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