Cardio II: Congenital + Valvulopathy Cheat Sheet

by ksellybelly via cheatography.com/19318/cs/2381/

Cyanotic Congenital Heart Anomalies Aortic​/Mitral Valvular Disorders (cont)

Pulmonary Pulmonary valve closed, ASD and PDA present, intact Most common cause of mitral​/aortic Congenital defects* (also
Atresia ventri​cular septum valve disorders rheumatic heart disease, infix)

Transp​osition of Complete transp​osition of the aorta and pulmonary Clinical scenario: female with minor Mitral valve prolapse
the great artery chest wall deformity, mid systolic click,
vessels late systolic murmur

Hypopl​astic left Small left ventricle, normal great vessels Treatment surgical repair, valve
heart syndrome replac​ement, and balloon
valvul​oplasty
Tetralogy of Subaortic septal defect, right ventri​cular outflow
Fallot obstru​ction, overriding aorta, right ventri​cular Recomm​end​ations Antico​agu​lation therapy esp. if
hypert​rophy pt. has Afib, and abc to prevent
enocar​ditis if regurg.
Acyanotic Congenital Heart Abnorm​alities
Tricus​pid​/Pu​lmonic Valve Disorders
ASD Opening between the left and right atria. Ostium secundum
most common. Right-​sided pressure Right-​sided cardio​megaly, systemic venous

VSD Opening between the left and right ventricle. **Most overload leads to: conges​tion, and right-​sided heart failure

common of all congenital defects. Clinical features Exercise intole​rance, JVD, peripheral eema,

AV Septal Due to incomplete fusion of the endoca​rdial fusions. hepato​megaly

Defect Common in Down Syndrome. EKG Findings Right-axis deviation

(Canal) Echo Findings Definitive method for identi​fying
PDA Failur​e/delay in closure of the channel bypassing the lungs struct​ura​l/f​unc​tional abnorm​alities
(which during fetal develo​pment allows placental gas Treatment Na+ restri​citon, diruteic therapy --> decrease fluid
exchange)
volume and right atrial filling pressure
Coarct​ation Narrowing in the proximal thoracic aorta
of the
Aorta

Aortic​/Mitral Valvular Disorders

Aortic Stenosis Narrowing of the valve opening

Aortic Insuff​iciency (Regurg) Results in volume overload of left

ventricle

Mitral Stenosis Impedes blood flow between the left

atrium and left ventricle

Mitral Insuff​iciency Causes backflow and volume overload of

left atrium

Mitral Valve Prolapse Can range from asympt​omatic to causing

mitral regurg.

Conseq​uence of Pulmonary HTN + congestion

calve-​related heart failure

By ksellybelly Published 23rd July, 2014. Sponsored by Readability-Score.com

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