Mary Jane V. Abustan.

Quantitative
12 HUMSS – 1
Assignment #1
1. What is Research?
 Is a process of collecting/ gathering data and information by a
scientific or logical procedure that aims to solve a particular
scientific problem.
 From a French word “CERCHIER” meaning “to seek or to search.”
 An attempt to solve or gain or solution to a problem.
 A systematic, controlled, empirical and critical investigation of
hypothesis propositions about the presumed relations among
natural phenomenon. (Kerlinger, 1976)
 Research derives new knowledge, generally involving studios
inquiry and a search for new theories in order to contribute to an
existing academic wealth of knowledge. (Oldfiel, 2015)
 Research includes any gathering of data, information and facts
for the advancement of knowledge. (Shuttleworth, 2011)
2. What are the 10 steps in doing research?
Step 1: Choose a topic
When choosing a topic, search for something that meets the following
criteria:
Is the topic interesting to me?
If you are bored with the topic, you will probably bore your reader as
well. Choose something that is new and exciting, not something overworked.
Is there sufficient information on this topic?
Is information on this subject available in various forms (i.e.
magazines, newspapers, the Internet, videos, reference books, pamphlets,
possible interviews, etc.)? Please note: if information is too abundant, you
may have to narrow or limit your topic.
Access the materials. Read, hear, view, and touch.
Prepare preliminary Works Cited cards and/or page.
Finalize the thesis statement and prepare a working outline.
The thesis should be placed at the beginning of the outline where you
can refer to it often. Your teacher may require you to write one or both of
the following types of outlines: a topic outline, in which the headings and
subheadings are a series of words or phrases, not complete sentences; or a
sentence outline, in which every heading and subheading is a complete
sentence. Your teacher can help guide you through the outlining process.
Keep in mind: the outline is not meant to hamper or restrict you. It can be
changed and revised to allow you to prove your thesis more effectively.
Is it relevant and sophisticated enough to meet my teacher’s approval?
Select a topic that will allow you to compile, analyze, and interpret
information from numerous sources so that your paper becomes a valuable
source of information for the reader. Remember, a good research paper
should help your teacher learn as well.
Step 2: Define the task and prepare a working thesis.
[Big6 #1-Task Definition]
A research paper is really a long answer or a series of answers to a question
that a reader may have about a given topic. What question do you want to
answer about the topic you have chosen?
Sample questions like these will help you to define your tasks:
· Why was America isolationist after World War I?
· What role does anti-Semitism play in Shakespeare’s plays?
· Why are Japanese businesses so successful?
· What role does DNA analysis play in criminal investigations?
After you have asked your question, phrase it in the form of a focused
statement that will allow you to use available information to prove or
substantiate it. When formulating your thesis, use specific, concrete words.
Your thesis does not need to be an absolute truth but something that will
provoke thought and can be proven by your research. We can now make our
research questions above into effective, focused thesis statements.
Step 3: Brainstorm all possible sources. [Big6 #2 – Information Seeking
Strategies]
Think globally. Don’t limit yourself to books, magazines, and the
Internet.
Step 4: Locate and evaluate sources for appropriateness for the
assignment.
Look in the card catalog for books, videos, audiocassettes, the vertical file,
etc. Check online paid subscription databasese.g. EBSCO, Newsbank,
Literature Resources, etc.
 Evaluate sources for authority, objectivity, accuracy, and content.
Check copyright dates, materials older than five years may not be suitable
for certain topics. Internet sources require special consideration.
Cautionary note:
Using the Internet as an Information Resource
In the process of doing research, one needs to access information
efficiently and effectively. One must also identify a variety of potential
sources of information, print as well as online. It is essential to evaluate
critically and competently the information found. While most print resources
found in the media center have been chosen for accuracy and quality before
inclusion, the Internet presents the researcher with enormous quantities of
information that may or may not be authentic, accurate, or objective.
Therefore, when using the Internet as an information source, evaluating the
information is essential.
Step 5: Access the materials
Access possible sources of information by reading, listening, viewing, or
touching.
Step 6: Prepare preliminary Works Cited cards and/or page.
Step 7: Finalize the thesis statement and prepare a working outline.
The outline should serve as a road map for your journey with your
thesis as your navigator – it tells you where to go. When writing your
outline, keep your destination in mind. Your information will help you get
there, but how will you organize your journey?
The thesis should be placed at the beginning of the outline where you
can refer to it often. Your teacher may require you to write one or both of
the following types of outlines: a topic outline, in which the headings and
subheadings are a series of words or phrases, not complete sentences; or a
sentence outline, in which every heading and subheading is a complete
sentence. Your teacher can help guide you through the outlining process.
Keep in mind: the outline is not meant to hamper or restrict you. It can be
changed and revised to allow you to prove your thesis more effectively.
Step 8: Use information. Read source materials, view videos, listen
to tapes or interviews and take notes.
Note taking will help you establish a way in which you can easily
retrieve information that you have researched. There are many ways to take
notes. The preferred method in this district is index cards. However, other
methods include graphic organizers, legal pads or other types of paper with
source summary information written in a manner that the researcher can
understand. Whichever method you are required to use, be sure to include:
subject heading, the note, and an identification of its source. The
identification of source is particularly important in your attempts to avoid
plagiarism.
REMEMBER: the better the note taking, the better your paper. If you avoid
“padding” your paper with long quotes or extensive quoting, your paper
becomes much more enjoyable and informative to the reader. Paraphrased
notes take more time and effort, but they save time in the long run, since
they can be incorporated, verbatim, into your final paper.
When paraphrasing, read your source at least once, digest it, look
away from the source and write the main ideas in your own words, and then
check it for accuracy.
REMEMBER: You can use these summaries in your actual paper with credit
given where credit is due. Ask your teacher if you are experiencing
difficulties taking notes.
Step 9: Synthesize.
Organize your notes according to the working outline.
Revise your thesis statement and outline.
Write the first draft with title, in-text citations, and Works Cited page.
Revise the first draft.
Write the final draft with title, in-text citations, and Works Cited page.
Step 10: Evaluate
As you prepare to submit your final paper, evaluate what you have
learned. Judge the result of the work in conducting your research
(effectiveness) and the research process (efficiency).
Is the final paper effective?
Was the information problem-solving process efficient?
3. What are the qualities of a good researcher with explanation?
Friendly with Respondents. A good researcher must have the quality to
become friendly with respondents. It should have to talk to them in the
same language in which the responding is answering and make happy made.
Least Discouragement. If the people are not co-operating to give correct
data, the researcher should not be discouraged and face the difficulties, it
would be called a good researcher.
Free from Prejudice. A researcher would be good if he has no prejudice or
bias study about a problematic situation but he is capable of providing clear
information’s.
Capacity of Depth Information. A researcher should have the capacity to
collect more and more information in little time.
Accuracy. A researcher would be said to be good, if he is accurate in his
views. His ideas must be accurate one.
Truthful. A researcher must have to be truthful. Its idea would be free from
false reports and saying information.
Keen Observer. It is the quality of a good researcher that he may have the
ideas of keen and deep observation.
Careful in Listening. A researcher would be more careful in listening. He
would have the quality of listening very low information’s even whispering.
Low Dependency on Common Sense. A researcher should be called good
if he has low dependency on common sense but keep in observation all the
events and happenings.
Least time Consumer. Good researcher must have the capacity of least
time consuming. It will have to do more work in a little time because of the
shortage of time.
Economical. Good researcher must have control over his economic
resources. He has to keep his finances within limits and spend carefully.
Low Care of Disapprovals of Society. A good researcher has no care of
the approvals or disapprovals but doing his work with zeal and patience to it.
Expert in Subject. A researcher would be a good one if he has full
command over his subject. He makes the use of his theoretical study in field
work easily.
Free from Hasty Statements. It is not expected from a good researcher to
make his study hasty and invalid with wrong statements. Its study must be
based on reality & validity.
Good in Conversation. The conversation of a good researcher should be
sympathetic and not boring. He must have the skill and art to be liked by the
people.
Having Clear Terminology. A good researcher’s terminology would be
clear. It would be free from out wards to become difficult for the
respondents to answer.
Trained in Research Tools. Research is impossible without its techniques
and tools. So, it should be better for a researcher to know about the use of
these tools.
Dress and Behavior same to the area. The dress and the behavior of the
researcher should be same as to the study area. it is must for him to
convince the people easily and adopt their dress.
More Analytical. A researcher would be different from other people of the
society. On the basis of this quality he may observe the situation very well.
Then he should be able to solve the problems easily.
Equality and Justice. A good researcher should believe on equality and
justice. As equal to all type of people he may collect better information’s
from the respondents.
4. What are the kinds of researcher?
Applied vs Basic research. Applied research is research designed to solve
a particular problem in a particular circumstance, such as determining the
cause of low morale in a given department of an organization. Basic research
is designed to understand the underlying principles behind human behavior.
For example, you might try to understand what motivates people to work
hard at their jobs. This distinction is discussed in more detail in another
handout.
Exploratory vs Confirmatory. Exploratory research is research into the
unknown. It is used when you are investigating something but really don't
understand it all, or are not completely sure what you are looking for. It's
sort of like a journalist whose curiousity is peaked by something and just
starts looking into something without really knowing what they're looking
for. Confirmatory research is where you have a pretty good idea what's
going on. That is, you have a theory (or several theories), and the objective
of the research is to find out if the theory is supported by the facts.
Quantitative vs Qualitative. Quantitative studies measure variables with
some precision using numeric scales. For example, you might measure a
person's height and weight. Or you might construct a survey in which you
measure how much respondents like President Clinton, using a 1 to 10 scale.
Qualitative studies are based on direct observation of behavior, or on
transcripts of unstructured interviews with informants. For example, you
might talk to ten female executives about the decision-making process
behind their choice to have children or not, and if so, when. You might
interview them for several hours, tape-recording the whole thing, and then
transcribe the recordings to written text, and then analyze the text.
5. Give 5 TITLES Qualitative and Quantitative
5 – Qualitative
1. A Phenomenological Study on the Benefits of Basketball to the
Grade 7 Students of National Teachers College.
2. A Grounded Theory of Connectivity and Persistence in limited
Residency Doctoral Program.
3. A Case Study on the Impact of Bullying to the Academic
Performance of Junior High School Students.
4. Nurturing Opportunities for Educational leadership: How Affordance
and Leadership Interconnect.
5. Serving two master: A reflective Narrative of Reconciling the
tensions faced in Designing Doctoral Research.

5 – Quantitative
1. Level of competency in computer literacy of faculty member of The
National Teachers College.
2. Influence of Peer Group on Academic Performance of Secondary
School Students in National Teachers College.
3. Level of Awareness of the Humanities Social Science Students of
the National Teachers College on Major Depressive Disorder.
4. Relationship between Academic Performance and Internet Access.
5. The Impact of Parental Involvement on the Academic Achievement
of 3rd Grade Students of the National Teachers College.