4. Examples.

a. North American Oil Consolidated v. Burnet, 286 US 420 (1932).

b. Internal Revenue v. Indianapolis Power and Light Company, 110 S.Ct. (1990).

c. City Gas Company of Florida v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, 689 F.2d 943 (11th
Cir. 1982).

* 11th Circuits denotes that this case was decided in the US Courts of Appeals for
the 11th Circuit.

XI. ANALYZING A CASE. The author states that each case presented in the text is summarized for ease of reading.

A. Believe Me, reading a court case is not that simple.

B. The cases in the text have the following components:

1. The Case Name and Cite

2. A brief summary of the background and facts

3. The decision and the rationale behind it.

C. Decisions and Opinions. If you ever get a chance to read an original court decisions, you will come
across one of four terms in the opinion

1. Unanimous Opinion is the First. This is when all of the judges agree.

2. Majority Opinion. When there is not a unanimous opinion, a majority opinion is written. This
outlines the views of the majority of the judges on this particular issue.

3. Concurring Opinion. Concurring opinions are usually written when a judge agrees with the
decision for but for a different reason.

4. Dissenting Opinion. This is sometimes called the "minority opinion." This is written by the
judges who disagree with the majority opinion.