8 Hin (SL) PDF

N A
GA
AN
EL
T T
ER
S C
A
§XYÁz! Få ÃÓYåÁEÁzÊ ú∫ ÜÆÁå tyu\L... FÃ úÁeΩÆúÏÀoN˛ tΩƒÁ∫Á ZÁfiÁı ™ı Eu\|o N˛y \ÁåzƒÁ¬y tqoÁLÂ
N
ÃÏååÁ-§Áz¬åÁ
* Æ“ úÁeΩÆúÏÀoN˛ EÁú Nz˛ Ào∫ EÁ{∫ ªuYÆÁı Nz˛ EåÏøú §åÁÆy TÆy “{@ FÃÃz EÁú ßÁ Á Nz˛ Ãßy Tyo, ÃÓYåÁLÂ, N˛“ÁuåÆÁÂ, ƒÁoÁ|¬Áú, uå§Êá EÁut ÃÏåN˛∫ Es| T¿“m N˛∫ ÃNı˛Tz@ Eúåz ∆£tÁı ™zı §Áz¬ ÃNı˛Tz@
\Áåz TÆz, ÃÏåz TÆz EÊ∆Áı Nz˛ §Á∫z ™ı Àú…b GXYÁ∫m Nz˛ ÃÁs Ã“y N¿ ˛™ ™ı §Áz¬ ÃNı˛Tz, Tyo TÁ ÃNı˛Tz, EußåÆ
A
N˛ÁΔ{ ¬Áı N˛Á uƒN˛ÁÃ N˛∫ ÃN˛oz “¯@ FÃNz˛ u¬L EÜÆÁúN˛ N˛Á ™ÁT|tΔ|å ƒ Ã“ÆÁzT ¬z ÃN˛oz “¯@
N˛∫ ÃNı˛Tz@
* úÁe ƒ E•ÆÁÃ N˛∫åz Nz˛ u¬L TÁFg, Ã£\zMb ™bzu∫Æ¬, Mƒ≈Yå §¯N˛ EÁut N˛Á GúÆÁzT å“Î N˛∫åÁ uƒußãå úu∫uÀsuoÆÁı ™ı ÃÊtßÁz|uYo ßÁ Á N˛Á GúÆÁzT N˛∫ ÃNı˛Tz@
ú‰jåÁ
G
YÁu“L@ FåNz˛ §\ÁÆ <<Δ£tN˛ÁzΔ>> N˛Á GúÆÁzT N˛∫åz Ãz úÁe ƒ E•ÆÁÃ EÁÃÁåy Ãz N˛∫ ÃN˛oz “¯@ Tyo ÃÓYåÁLÂ, N˛“ÁuåÆÁÂ, ƒÁoÁ|¬Áú, uå§Êá EÁut áÁ∫ÁüƒÁ“ Nz˛ ÃÁs ú‰j ÃNı˛Tz@ ú‰jz TL EÊ∆Ázı Ãz ÃÊ§Êuáo
FÃNz˛ ÃÁs-ÃÁs Ã™ÁYÁ∫ úfi, úÏÀoN˛Á¬Æ N˛y úÏÀoNı˛, §Á¬ ÃÁu“nÆ EÁut N˛Á úeå N˛∫åÁ YÁu“L, ü≈åÁı N˛Á Ã™ÁáÁå N˛∫ ÃNı˛Tz@
ú‰jz TL EÊ∆Áı Nz˛ ∆£tÁı N˛Áz ÃÊtßÁ|åÏÃÁ∫ T¿“m N˛∫ ÃNı˛Tz@
N
u\ÃÃz ∫YåÁn™N˛ ƒ ÃÁ∫ÁÊΔÁn™N˛ EÁN˛¬å Nz˛ G∫ EÁÃÁåy Ãz u¬Q ÃN˛oz “¯@ úÆÁ|Æ ∆£t, uƒ¬Áz™ ∆£t, ÆÏS™ ∆£t ú“YÁå ÃNı˛Tz@
* “∫ úÁe Nz˛ üÁ∫Êß ™ı Gã™ÏQyN˛∫m N˛Á uYfi utÆÁ TÆÁ “{@ FÃ uYfi Nz˛ ™ÁÜÆ™ Ãz EÁúN˛Áz Ã§Ãz
u¬QåÁ
ú‰jz TL uƒ ÆÁı N˛Áz Ã™^ ÃNı˛Tz, §Áz¬ ÃNı˛Tz, u¬Q ÃNı˛Tz@
A
ú“¬z ÃÊrÁ Δ£tÁı N˛y ú“YÁå, onú≈YÁo uN¿˛ÆÁ Δ£tÁı N˛y ú“YÁå EÁ{∫ ÃÁzY-uƒYÁ∫ N˛∫ ƒÁMÆÁı uƒußãå øúÁı ™ı úÁÆz \Áåz ƒÁ¬z §Á¬-ÃÁu“nÆ N˛Áz áÁ∫ÁüƒÁ“ Nz˛ ÃÁs ú‰j ÃNı˛Tz EÁ{∫ Es| Ã™^ N˛∫ u¬Q ÃNz˛TÊ @z
úÁeΩÆúÏÀoN˛ ™ı úyZz utL TL ∆£tÁı Nz˛ Es| Ã™^ ÃNı˛Tz EÁ{∫ GåN˛Á GúÆÁzT N˛∫ ÃN˛ıTz@
L
tΩƒÁ∫Á N˛∫åy YÁu“L @ \Áåz “ÏL, ÃÏåz “ÏL, tzQz “ÏL uƒ ÆÁı - N˛“ÁuåÆÁı, Àƒ-EåÏßƒ, úÃÊt-åÁúÃÊt EÁut Nz˛ §Á∫z ™zı úÁÂY ƒÁMÆÁı ™ı
Eúåz ∆£tÁı ™ı u¬Q ÃNz˛ÊTz@
* “∫ úÁe ™ı <<ÃÏåÁz-§Áz¬Áz>> E•ÆÁÃ Nz˛ ü≈å utÆz TÆz “¯@ Få ü≈åÁı Nz˛ G∫ uƒYÁ∫Án™N˛ “Ázåz
u¬Qoz Ã™Æ, Ã“y ∆£tÁı N˛Áz N¿˛™ÁåÏÃÁ∫, uƒ∫Á™ uY“ΩåÁıı N˛Á GúÆÁzT N˛∫oz “ÏL u§åÁ fiÏubÆÁı Nz˛ u¬Q ÃNı˛Tz@
E
YÁu“L@ FÃÃz EÁúN˛y §Á{tΩuáN˛ q™oÁ N˛Á uƒN˛ÁÃ “ÁzTÁ@ ∆£t-ßÊgÁ∫
∆£t ßÊgÁ∫ N˛Á ÃÊtßÁz|uYo GúÆÁzT N˛∫ ÃNı˛Tz, Eúåz ƒÁMÆÁı ™ı üÆÁz T N˛∫ ÃNı˛Tz@
* “∫ úÁe ™ı <<ú‰jÁz>> E•ÆÁÃ Nz˛ ü≈å utÆz TÆz “¯@ Få ü≈åÁı Nz˛ G∫ úÁe ú‰jN˛∫ tzåz YÁu“L@ ú‰jÁz utL TL ∆£tÁı Ãz åL ∆£t §åÁ ÃNı˛Tz, GåN˛Á GúÆÁzT N˛∫ ÃNı˛Tz@
T
E•ÆÁÃ N˛Á GtΩtz≈Æ ƒÁYå ƒ Es|T¿Á“ΩÆoÁ N˛y q™oÁ N˛Á uƒN˛ÁÃ N˛∫åÁ “{@ Ãw\åÁn™N˛ Euß√ÆuMo
N˛uƒoÁ, N˛“ÁuåÆÁÂ EÁTz §‰jÁ ÃNı˛Tz@ ƒÁoÁ|¬Áú, EÁn™N˛sÁ, úfi EÁut u¬Q ÃNı˛Tz@
* “∫ úÁe ™ı <<u¬QÁz>> E•ÆÁÃ Nz˛ ü≈å utÆz TÆz “¯@ Få ü≈åÁı Nz˛ G∫ Eúåz Δ£tÁı ™ı tzåÁ YÁu“L@ uYfi GoÁ∫N˛∫ ∫ÊT ß∫ N˛∫ GåNz˛ §Á∫z ™ı u¬Q ÃNı˛Tz@
ü∆ÊÃÁ
T
FÃz <<Àƒ∫YåÁ>> ßy N˛“oz “¯@ EÁúN˛Áz Eúåz uƒYÁ∫ u¬uQo øú ™ı √ÆMo N˛∫åz YÁu“L@ Ã“úÁueÆÁı, ™u“¬ÁEÁz,Ê EãÆ ƒTÁż, EãÆ ÃÊÀNw˛uoÆÁı, ßÁ ÁEÁz,Ê ™“ÁåÏßÁƒÁı EÁut N˛y ü∆ÊÃÁ N˛∫ ÃNı˛Tz@
ßÁ Á N˛y §Áo
* “∫ úÁe ™ı <<Δ£t-ßÊgÁ∫>> ƒ <<ßÁ Á N˛y §Áo>> Nz˛ E•ÆÁÃ utÆz TÆz “¯@ Få E•ÆÁÃÁı N˛Á “¬ Ã™Ó“Áı Es|úÓm| ƒÁMÆ §åÁ ÃNı˛Tz@ ƒÁMÆ ™ı ßÁ Á ßÁT ú“YÁå ÃNı˛Tz@
R
™ı §{eN˛∫ N˛∫åÁ YÁu“L@ EÁƒ≈ÆN˛oÁåÏÃÁ∫ EÜÆÁúN˛ N˛Á Ã“ÆÁzT ¬zåÁ YÁu“L@
* <<úu∫ÆÁz\åÁ N˛ÁÆ|>> ÀƒÆÊ N˛∫Nz˛ ÃyQåz N˛Á N˛ÁÆ| “{@ FÃz √ÆuMoTo ÆÁ Ã™Ó“ ™ı §{eN˛∫ N˛∫åÁ YÁu“L@
E
* “∫ úÁe ™ı <<Ãw\åÁn™N˛ Euß√ÆuMo>> E•ÆÁÃ Nz˛ ü≈å
C
utÆz TÆz “¯@ Få ü≈åÁı Nz˛ G∫ ™Á{uQN˛, u¬uQo EsƒÁ
ütΔ|å (EußåÆ) Nz˛ øú ™ı tzåÁ YÁu“L u\ÃÃz ßÁ Á N˛Á
S
Ãw\åΔy¬ uƒN˛ÁÃ “ÁzoÁ “{@
* Àƒ™Ó¡ÆÁÊN˛å Nz˛ u¬L <<MÆÁ ™z¯ Æz N˛∫ ÃN˛oÁ “ÓÂ?>> Δy |N˛
Ãz LN˛ oÁu¬N˛Á ty TF| “{@ EÁúN˛Áz Eúåy ßÁ ÁF| q™oÁ N˛y
\ÁÂY ÀƒÆÊ N˛∫åy YÁu“L@
~mb-~JrMm - 3
H$jm -8 qhXr (X²{dVr¶ ^mfm)
Class-VIII Hindi (Second Language)
ÃÊúÁtN˛
àmo. Q>r. dr. H$Q²>Q>r‘Zr
AÜ¶j, qhXr {d^mJ, ‘m¡bmZm AmµOmX ZoeZb CX©ÿ {díd{dX²¶mb¶, h¡Xam~mX
A
àmo. eHw§$Vbm aoS²>S>r
joÌr¶ {ZXoeH$, H|$Ðr¶ qhXr g§ñWmZ, h¡Xam~mX
AN
àmo. ew^Xm dm§Ono
àmo’$o ga, Cñ‘m{Z¶m {díd{dX²¶mb¶, h¡Xam~mX
S>m°. AZrVm Jm§Jwbr
Egmo{gEQ> àmo’$o ga, H|$Ðr¶ qhXr g§ñWmZ, h¡Xam~mX
G
uƒ Æ uƒ∆z r
lr gwdU© {dZm¶H$ S>m°. a‘mH$m§V Ap½ZhmoÌr
e¡{jH$ gbmhH$ma,amÁ¶ e¡{jH$ AZwgY§ mZ Ed§ à{ejU n[afX,
VobJ§ mUm amÁ¶, h¡Xam~mX
N godm{Zd¥Îm ^mfm{dX², ^maVr¶ ^mfm AmYma nÌ g§nmXH$,
{Xëbr {díd{dX²¶mb¶, {Xëbr
LA
Ã™ãƒÆN˛
S>m°. nr. emaXm lr gæ¶X ‘VrZ Ah‘X
amÁ¶ e¡{jH$ AZwg§YmZ Ed§ amÁ¶ e¡{jH$ AZwg§YmZ Ed§
TE
à{ejU n[afX, Vob§JmUm amÁ¶, h¡Xam~mX à{ejU n[afX, VobJ§ mUm amÁ¶, h¡Xam~mX
lr gwaoe Hw$‘ma {‘lm ‘CaV¥ßV’
amÁ¶ e¡{jH$ AZwg§YmZ Ed§ à{ejU n[afX, Vob§JmUm amÁ¶
úÁeΩÆúÏÀoN˛ uƒN˛ÁÃ LƒÊ üN˛Á∆å Ãu™uo
T
lr E. gË¶Zmam¶U aoS²>S>r S>m°. EZ. Cn|Xa aoS²>S>r lr ~r. gwYmH$a

ER
{ZXoeH$, AÜ¶j, nmR²>¶H«$‘ Ed§ nmR²>¶nwñVH$ {d^mJ {ZXoeH$,

amÁ¶ e¡{jH$ AZwg§YmZ Ed§ amÁ¶ e¡{jH$ AZwg§YmZ Ed§ gaH$mar nmR²>¶nwñVH$ àog
à{ejU n[afX, VobJ§ mUm amÁ¶, h¡Xam~mX à{ejU n[afX, VobJ§ mUm amÁ¶, h¡Xam~mX VobJ§ mUm amÁ¶, h¡Xam~mX
»y™oy YÁø uÃã“Á, I.P.S
SC
(uƒΔz Ã¬Á“N˛Á∫ ¬¯uTN˛ ÃÊƒztåΔy¬oÁ osÁ §Á¬ ¬¯uTN üoÁ‰gåÁ)

uåtzΔN˛, ACB oz¬ÊTÁmÁ, “{t∫Á§Át
Vob§JmUm amÁ¶ gaH$ma X²dmam àH$m{eV, h¡Xam~mX

{dX²¶m go AmJo ~‹T>mo& µH$mZyZ H$m AmXa H$amo&
{dZ¶ go ahmo& EPH A{YH$ma àmßV H$amo&
‘qhXr Xoe H$mo Omo‹S>Zo dmbr ^mfm h¡& - amîQ´>H${d {XZH$a’
i VobJ§ mUm amÁ¶ gaH$ma X²dmam {ZewëH$ {dVaU 2018-19
© Government of Telangana State, Hyderabad
First Published 2013

New Impressions 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018
A
AN
All rights reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced,
G
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any
form or by any means without the prior permission in
N
writing of the publisher, nor be otherwise circulated in
any form of binding or cover other than that in which
it is published and without a similar condition including
LA
this condition being imposed on the subsequent
purchaser.
The copy right holder of this book is the Director of
TE
School Education, Hyderabad, Telangana State.
This Book has been printed on 70 G.S.M. Maplitho

T
Title Page 200 G.S.M. White Art Card

ER
Free Distribution by Telangana State Government 2018-19

SC
Printed in India
at the Telangana State Govt.Text Book Press,
Mint Compound, Hyderabad,
Telangana State.
Vob§JmUm amÁ¶ gaH$ma X²dmam {ZewëH$ {dVaU 2018-19 ii

EÁ™ÏQ
oz¬ÊTÁmÁ ∫Á[Æ ™ı u“Êty ßÁ Á u∆qm tΩuƒoyÆ ßÁ Á Nz˛ øú ™ı ZeƒÎ N˛qÁ Ãz EÁ∫Êß
uN˛ÆÁ \ÁoÁ “{@ FÃ Ào∫ ú∫ §Á¬N˛Áı N˛y EÁÆÏ üÁÆ: SÆÁ∫“-§Á∫“ ƒ | N˛y “Ázoy “{@ FÃ EÁÆÏ ™ı
§Á¬N˛ ßÁ Á N˛Á Es| EÁ{∫ ™“nƒ Ã™ôz oÁz “¯ “y, ÃÁs-ÃÁs Eúåy ™ÁowßÁ Á ƒ EÊT¿z„\y N˛y
ßy \ÁåN˛Á∫y ∫Qoz “¯@ FoåÁ “y å“Î ƒz Eúåz E‰gÁzÃ-ú‰gÁzÃ Ãz ßy NÏ˛Z u“Êty ßÁ Á Nz˛ ∆£t
ÃyQ ¬zoz “¯@ “™ı rÁo “{ uN˛ §Á¬N˛ ßÁ Á EuáT™ ÃÁáÁ∫moÆÁ Ã“\ ƒ √ÆÁƒ“Áu∫N˛ øú ™ı
N˛∫oz “¯@ Få §ÁoÁı Nz˛ Euou∫Mo LåÃyL¢˛-2005, EÁ∫byF|-2009, LÃÃyL¢˛-2010 LƒÊ
A
EÁáÁ∫ úfi-2011 Nz˛ ÃÏ^ÁƒÁı N˛Áz ÜÆÁå ™ı ∫Qoz “ÏL FÃ úÁeΩÆ-úÏÀoN˛ N˛Á Ãw\å uN˛ÆÁ TÆÁ “{@
AN
ufißÁ Á ÃÓfi Nz˛ EåÏÃÁ∫ §Á¬N˛Áı N˛Áz ™ÁÜÆu™N˛ Ào∫ ú∫ N˛™-Ãz-N˛™ oyå ßÁ ÁEÁzÊ N˛Á
rÁå N˛∫ÁåÁ “{@ FÃ GtΩtz≈Æ Ãz §Á¬N˛Áı N˛Áz ZeƒÎ Ãz tÃƒÎ N˛qÁ oN˛ tΩuƒoyÆ ßÁ Á Nz˛ øú
™ı u“Êty N˛Á rÁå N˛∫ÁåÁ “{@ ZeƒÎ N˛qÁ ™ı u“Êty u∆qm N˛Á EÁ∫Êß “ÁzoÁ “{@ FÃ Ào∫ ú∫ ZÁfiÁzÊ
™ı u“Êty ßÁ Á Nz˛ üuo ªuY Gnúãå N˛∫ÁåÁ, ZÁfiÁı N˛Áz u\rÁÃÏ §åÁåÁ ƒ Ã“\, √ÆÁƒ“Áu∫N˛ LƒÊ
G
™åÁz∫Ê\N˛ øú Ãz ßÁ Á\|å Nz˛ u¬L üzu∫o N˛∫åÁ u“Êty u∆qm Nz˛ GtΩtz≈Æ ∫“z “¯@
FÃ úÁeΩÆ-úÏÀoN˛ ™ı Tyo, N˛uƒoÁ, N˛“Áåy, ÃÊƒÁt, YÏbNÏ˛¬z, úfi, EÁn™N˛sÁ, \yƒåy,
N
gÁÆ∫y, üÁÆÁzuTN˛ uå§Êá EÁut N˛Áz ÀsÁå utÆÁ TÆÁ “{@ FåNz˛ E•ÆÁÃ ∆{uqN˛ ™ÁútÊg (ÃyQåz
N˛y ÃÊüÁuõoÆÁÂ) Nz˛ EÊoT|o utÆz TÆz “¯@ Fã“ı §Á¬N˛Áı Nz˛ √ÆÁƒ“Áu∫N˛ \yƒå Ãz \Áz‰gÁ TÆÁ “{@
LA
FåNz˛ tΩƒÁ∫Á ZÁfiÁı ™ı, ÃÁzY-uƒYÁ∫ N˛∫ G∫ tzåz, oÏ¬åÁ N˛∫ uå…N˛ | uåN˛Á¬åz EÁ{∫ åƒyå rÁå
N˛Á ÃÊ§Êá úÓƒ| rÁå Ãz \Áz‰gåz N˛y üƒwu N˛Á uƒN˛ÁÃ “ÁzoÁ “{@ FÃÃz §Á¬N˛ N˛Áz Ãw\å∆y¬oÁ Nz˛
ß∫úÓ∫ EƒÃ∫ u™¬oz “¯@ ƒz Eu\|o rÁå Nz˛ EÁáÁ∫ ú∫ åƒyå rÁå N˛y ∫YåÁ N˛∫oz “¯@ Æz
E•ÆÁÃ úÓm|o: Ã“\ ƒ √ÆÁƒ“Áu∫N˛ øú Ãz ßÁ Á\|å N˛∫åz ™ı Ã“ÁÆN˛ “¯@
TE
úÁe∆Á¬Á u∆qÁ uƒßÁT tΩƒÁ∫Á üN˛Áu∆o uƒtΩÆÁ¬Æyå úÁeΩÆúÏÀoN˛Áı ™ı ¬¯uTN˛ ÃÊƒtz å∆y¬oÁ
osÁ §Á¬ ¬¯uTN˛ üoÁ‰gåÁ ÃÊ§Êuáo ™ÏtΩtÁı N˛Áz \Áz‰gÁ TÆÁ “{@ ÆÓuåÃz¢˛ Nz˛ Ã™s|å Ãz §XYÁı N˛y
ÃÏ∫qÁ N˛Áz EÁ≈ƒÀo N˛∫åz Nz˛ u¬L ußãå-ußãå “ÀoqzúÁı \{Ãz √ÆuMoTo ÃÏ∫qÁ uåÆ™, ¬¯uTN˛
ÃÊƒztå∆y¬oÁ, §Á¬ ¬¯uTN˛ üoÁ‰gåÁ, EÁn™uƒ≈ƒÁÃ, \yƒå N˛Á{∆¬ Nz˛ qzfiÁı ™ı §Á¬ ÃÏ∫qÁ
T
√ÆƒÀsÁ osÁ §Á¬ ÃÏ∫qÁ uåÆ™Áı N˛y ÃÁƒáÁåy §∫oy TÆy “{@
Eo: EÜÆÁúN˛Áı N˛Áz YÁu“L uN˛ Få uƒ ÆÁı Nz˛ ÃÊ§Êá ™ı EuåƒÁÆ| \ÁåN˛Á∫y ∫Qı EÁ{∫
ER
ZÁfiÁı LƒÊ GåÃz \Ï‰gz Ã™ÏtÁÆÁı oN˛ ú“ÏÂYÁLÂ@

∫Á[Æ ∆{uqN˛ EåÏÃÊáÁå LƒÊ üu∆qm úu∫ t uƒtΩÆÁ ßƒå ÃÊtß| Nı˛¸, GtÆúÏ∫ Nz˛
ÃÊÃÁáN˛Tm- »y NÏ˛™Á∫ EåÏú™ osÁ »y ütyú NÏ˛™Á∫ ^Á Nz˛ ÃÏ^ÁƒÁı Nz ˛ u¬L áãÆƒÁt rÁuúo
N˛∫oy “{@ úu∫ t Gå Ã™Ào ∫YåÁN˛Á∫Áı Nz˛ üuo ßy EÁßÁ∫ √ÆMo N˛∫oy “{, u\åN˛y ∫YåÁLÂ
SC
úÏÀoN˛ ™ı ∆Áu™¬ N˛y TÆy “¯@ ∫YåÁEÁzÊ Nz˛ üN˛Á∆åÁs| EåÏ™uo tzåz Nz˛ u¬L ∫Á…b~yÆ ∆{uqN˛
EåÏÃÊáÁå LƒÊ üu∆qm úu∫ t, åF| ut¡¬y osÁ EãÆ Ãßy ∫Á[Æ úu∫ tÁı, u\ã“Áıåz FÃ úÏÀoN˛
N˛Áz ÃÁN˛Á∫ øú tzåz ™ı Ã“ÆÁzT utÆÁ “{, GåNz˛ üuo “™ EÁßÁ∫ üN˛b N˛∫oz “¯@
uåtz∆N˛
∫Á[Æ ∆{uqN˛ EåÏÃáÊ Áå LƒÊ üu∆qm úu∫ t
oz¬ÊTÁmÁ ∫Á[Æ, “{t∫Á§Át
iii VobJ§ mUm amÁ¶ gaH$ma X²dmam {ZewëH$ {dVaU 2018-19

EÜÆÁúN˛Áı Nz˛ u¬L ÃÓYåÁLÂ
FÃ úÁeΩÆ-úÏÀoN˛ ™ı 12 úÁe “¯@ Fã“ı YÁ∫ FN˛ÁFÆÁı ™ı uƒßÁu\o uN˛ÆÁ TÆÁ “{@ Fã“ı uåáÁ|u ∫o
ƒÁu |N˛ úÁeÆÁz\åÁ Nz˛ EåÏÃÁ∫ ú‰jÁÆı@
FÃ úÁeΩÆ-úÏÀoN˛ ™ı Eúzuqo N˛Á{∆¬Áı ƒ ÃÁ™·ÆÁz˙ N˛y ÃÓYy ty TÆy “{@ FÃy Nz˛ EÁáÁ∫ ú∫ ZÁfiÁı
A
™ı tqoÁEÁzÊ N˛Á uƒN˛ÁÃ N˛∫åz ú∫ ÜÆÁå tı@
úÁeΩÆ-úÏÀoN˛ ™ı úÁe ÃÊ§Êáy uYfi utÆz TÆz “¯@ FåNz˛ ™ÁÜÆ™ Ãz §XYÁı Ãz §ÁoYyo N˛∫ƒÁÆı@
AN
utÆz TÆz ü≈åÁı Nz˛ EÁáÁ∫ ú∫ §Á¬N˛Áı N˛Áz uƒuƒá twu…bN˛Ázm Ãz ÃÁzYåz N˛Á EƒÃ∫ tı@
úÁe N˛Á EÜÆÁúå ÃÊtßÁz|uYo uYfi ÆÁ üÀoÁƒåÁ uYfi Ãz EÁ∫Êß “ÏEÁ “{@ FÃÃz ÃÊ§Êuáo
uƒYÁ∫∆y¬ ü≈å úÓZı@ EußåÆÆÏMo úeå-úÁeå N˛∫ƒÁÆı@
G
“∫ úÁe Nz˛ E•ÆÁÃ ™ı ÃÏååÁ, §Áz¬åÁ, ú‰jåÁ EÁ{∫ u¬QåÁ N˛Á{∆¬Áı Ãz ÃÊ§Êuáo E•ÆÁÃÁı Nz˛
ÃÁs-ÃÁs ∆£t-ßÊgÁ∫, ßÁ Á N˛y §Áo, Ãw\åÁn™N˛ Euß√ÆuMo Ãz ÃÊ§Êuáo E•ÆÁÃ ßy utÆz
N
TÆz “¯@ Få Ãßy N˛Á ÃtÏúÆÁzT N˛∫, ZÁfiÁı ™ı ßÁ ÁTo N˛Á{∆¬Áı ƒ uƒuƒá tqoÁEÁzÊ N˛Á Ã™ÏuYo
uƒN˛ÁÃ N˛∫åz N˛Á üÆÁÃ N˛∫ı@ §Á¬Tyo ÆÁ ƒÁoÁ|¬Áú ÆÁ N˛“Áåy EÁut úÁeÁı Nz˛ u¬L ÃÏååz-
LA
§Áz¬åz ÃÊ§Êáy uN¿˛ÆÁLÂ N˛qÁ ™ı ÃÁ™Óu“N˛ øú Ãz N˛∫ƒÁÆı@ Ã§N˛Áz ÀƒoÊfi ƒ Ã“\ øú Ãz ßÁT
¬zåz Nz˛ u¬L üzu∫o N˛∫ı@
ú‰jåÁ-u¬QåÁ E•ÆÁÃ N˛ÁÆ| ZÁfiÁı N˛Áz Ã™Ó“Áı ™ı §ÁÂbN˛∫ N˛∫ƒÁÆı, u\ÃÃz Gå™ı ÃÁ™Óu“N˛ øú
TE
Ãz N˛ÁÆ| N˛∫åz N˛y üƒwu N˛Á uƒN˛ÁÃ “Áz@ Få E•ÆÁÃ N˛ÁÆÁz˙ Nz˛ uåtz|∆ ZÁfiÁı N˛Áz ß¬y-ßÁÂuo
Ã™^åz N˛Á EƒÃ∫ tzåz ƒÁ¬z “Ázåz YÁu“L, u\ÃÃz ƒz ÀƒÆÊ E•ÆÁÃ N˛∫ ÃNı˛@
ZÁfiÁı Nz˛ úÁÃ LN˛ N˛qÁ N˛ÁÆ| úÏuÀoN˛Á “Ázåy YÁu“L, u\Ã™ı ƒz úÁe ÃÊ§Êáy ¬zQå N˛ÁÆ| N˛∫
ÃNı˛@
T
FÃ úÁeΩÆ-úÏÀoN˛ ™ı §Á¬N˛ Nz˛ √ÆÁƒ“Áu∫N˛ \yƒå ™ı EÁåzƒÁ¬y ∆£tÁƒ¬y N˛Á üÆÁzT uN˛ÆÁ TÆÁ
ER
“{@ FÃ ú∫ ÜÆÁå tzoz “ÏL ßÁ Á-EuáT™ N˛y üuN¿˛ÆÁ N˛Á ÃÊ§Êá §Á¬N˛ Nz˛ \yƒå Ãz \Áz‰gız oÁuN˛
§Á¬N˛ Ã∫¬oÁ Ãz ßÁ ÁTo uƒN˛ÁÃ N˛∫ ÃNı˛@
Æ“ úÏÀoN˛ §Á¬N˛ N˛Áz úÏÀoN˛Á¬Æ N˛y uƒuƒá úÏÀoNı˛ ú‰jåz Nz˛ u¬L üz∫mÁ tzoy “{@ Eo: FÃ
ut∆Á ™ı §Á¬N˛Áı N˛Áz üzu∫o N˛∫ı@
SC
ünÆzN˛ FN˛ÁF| ™ı úeå “zoÏ úÁe ßy utÆÁ TÆÁ “{@ FÃNz˛ tΩƒÁ∫Á ZÁfi ÀƒÆÊ GÃN˛Á úeå N˛∫Nz˛
EÁn™ÃÁo N˛∫åz N˛y q™oÁ N˛Á uƒN˛ÁÃ N˛∫ ÃNı˛@ FÃ ÃÊtß| ™ı EÜÆÁúN˛ ZÁfiÁı N˛Á Ã“ÆÁzT
ƒ ™ÁT|t∆|å N˛∫ı@
uƒuƒá úÁeÁı Nz˛ EÁáÁ∫ ú∫ ÃÊtßÁ|åÏÃÁ∫ ZÁfiÁı N˛Áz ™Áåƒ ™Ó¡Æ, úÆÁ|ƒ∫m, ∆ÁÊuo, Eu“ÊÃÁ,
ÃÊƒ{áÁuåN˛ ™Ó¡Æ EÁut N˛Á √ÆÁƒ“Áu∫N˛ üu∆qm tı, u\ÃÃz ZÁfi EÁt∆| åÁTu∫N˛ §å ÃNı˛@
Vob§JmUm amÁ¶ gaH$ma X²dmam {ZewëH$ {dVaU 2018-19 iv

ƒÊtz™Áo∫™Ω
ƒÊt™z Áo∫™Ω ƒÊt™z Áo∫™Ω
ÃÏ\¬Á™Ω ÃÏ¢˛¬Á™Ω ™¬Æ\ ∆yo¬Á™Ω
A
ÃÀÆ≈ÆÁ™¬Á™Ω ™Áo∫™Ω ƒÊt™z Áo∫™Ω
AN
∆Ïß[¿ ÆÁznÃåÁ úÏ¬uN˛o ÆÁu™åy
úÏ¡¬NÏ˛ÃÏu™oÁ ¸Ï™t¬ ∆Ázußåy
G
ÃÏ“ÁuÃåy ÃÏ™áÏ∫ ßÁu my
ÃÏQtÁ™Ω ƒ∫tÁ™Ω ™Áo∫™Ω ƒÊt™z Áo∫™Ω
N
LA
- §ÊuN˛™YÊ¸ Yb\y|
ÃÁ∫z \“ÁÂ Ãz EXZÁ

TE
ÃÁ∫z \“ÁÂ Ãz EXZÁ u“ÊtÁzÀoÁÂ “™Á∫Á@

“™ §Ï¬§Ï¬ı “¯ FÃN˛y, Æ“ TÏ¬uÃoÁÂ “™Á∫Á@@

T
ú∫§o ƒÁz Ã§Ãz HÂYÁ, “™ÃÁÆÁ EÁÃ™ÁÂ N˛Á@

ƒÁz ÃÊo∫y “™Á∫Á, ƒÁz úÁÃ§ÁÂ “™Á∫Á@@
ER
TÁzty ™ı Qz¬oy “¯, GÃN˛y “„\Á∫Áı åutÆÁÂ@

TÏ¬∆å “{ u\åNz˛ t™ Ãz, ∫≈N˛-L-u\åÁÂ “™Á∫Á@@
SC
™„\“§ å“Î uÃQÁoÁ, EÁúÃ ™ı §{∫ ∫QåÁ@

u“Êty “¯ “™, ƒoå “¯ u“ÊtÁzÀoÁÂ “™Á∫Á@@....ÃÁ∫z \“ÁÂ Ãz@@
- ™Áz“©™t F„N˛§Á¬
v VobJ§ mUm amÁ¶ gaH$ma X²dmam {ZewëH$ {dVaU 2018-19

∫Á…b~-TÁå
- ∫ƒÎ¸åÁs b{TÁz∫
\å-Tm-™å EuáåÁÆN˛ \Æ “z!
ßÁ∫o ßÁSÆ uƒáÁoÁ@
úÊ\Á§, uÃÊá, TÏ\∫Áo, ™∫ÁeÁ,
A
¸Áuƒ‰g, GnN˛¬ §ÊT@
AN
uƒÊÜÆ, u“™ÁY¬, Æ™ÏåÁ, TÊTÁ
GXZ¬ \¬uá-o∫ÊT@
oƒ ΔÏß åÁ™z \ÁTz@
G
oƒ ΔÏß EÁuΔ ™ÁÊTz,
N
TÁ“z oƒ \Æ TÁsÁ!
\å-Tm-™ÊT¬tÁÆN˛ \Æ “z!
LA
ßÁ∫o-ßÁSÆ-uƒáÁoÁ@
\Æ “z! \Æ “z! \Æ “z!
TE
\Æ, \Æ, \Æ, \Æ “z!

T
üuorÁ
ßÁ∫o ™z∫Á tzΔ “{ EÁ{∫ Ã™Ào ßÁ∫oyÆ ™z∫z ßÁF|-§“å “¯@ ™¯ Eúåz tzΔ
ER
Ãz üz™ N˛∫oÁ “ÓÂ EÁ{∫ FÃÃz üÁõo uƒΔÁ¬ LƒÊ uƒuƒá rÁå-ßÊgÁ∫ ú∫ ™Ï^z Tƒ|
“{@ ™¯ Ãƒ|tÁ FÃ tzΔ LƒÊ FÃNz˛ rÁå-ßÊgÁ∫ Nz˛ EåÏøú §ååz N˛Á üÆÁÃ
SC
N˛øÂTÁ@ ™¯ Eúåz ™ÁoÁ-uúoÁ EÁ{∫ EÜÆÁúN˛Áı osÁ Ã™Ào TÏª\åÁı N˛Á EÁt∫
N˛øÂTÁ EÁ{∫ ünÆzN˛ √ÆuMo Nz˛ üuo å™¿oÁúÓƒ|N˛ √Æƒ“Á∫ N˛øÂTÁ@ ™¯ \yƒ-
\ÊoÏEÁzÊ Ãz ßy üz™úÓƒ|N˛ √Æƒ“Á∫ N˛øÂTÁ@ ™¯ Eúåz tzΔ EÁ{∫ GÃN˛y \åoÁ Nz˛
üuo Eúåy ßuMo N˛y Δús ¬zoÁ “ÓÂ@ GåNz˛ ™ÊT¬ LƒÊ Ã™wtΩuá ™ı “y ™z∫Á ÃÏQ
uåu“o “{@
Vob§JmUm amÁ¶ gaH$ma X²dmam {ZewëH$ {dVaU 2018-19 vi

³¶m H$hm± h¡?
BH$mB© H«$. g§. nmR> H$m Zm‘ {dYm ‘mh n¥îR>
1. h‘ hm|Jo H$m‘¶m~ JrV OyZ 1
* h±gr - Iwer MwQ>H$w bo OyZ 5
A
I
2. amOm ~Xb J¶m H$hmZr OwbmB© 6
AN
3. ß¶mam Jm±d g§dmX OwbmB© 12
4. H$m¡Z? H${dVm AJñV 17
*
G
II
Eogm ß¶mam Xoe h¡ ‘oam H${dVm AJñV 21
YaVr H$s Am±I| H$hmZr {gV§~a

5.
6. {Xëbr go nÌ
N nÌ {gV§~a
22
29
LA
7. Ë¶m¡hmam| H$m Xoe H${dVm A³Vy~a 34
8. Mmdb Ho$ XmZo H$hmZr Zd§~a 39

TE
III
9. ‘¢ {gZo‘m hÿ± AmË‘H$Wm Zd§~a 45
* ^mfm Iob - {Xg§~a 52

T
10. AZ‘mob aËZ H${dVm {Xg§~a 53

ER
IV
11. hma Ho$ AmJo OrV h¡ OrdZr OZdar 57
12. ~‹T>Vo H$X‘ S>m¶ar ’$adar 62
*
SC
AmAmo n{ÌH$m {ZH$mb| àm¶mo{JH$ {Z~§Y ’$adar 67
gyMZm … * Vmam§{H$V nmR> Ho$db n‹T>Zo Ho$ {bE h¢& H¥$n¶m narjm ‘| BZ nmR>m|
go g§~§{YV H$moB© àíZ Z nyN>|&
vii VobJ§ mUm amÁ¶ gaH$ma X²dmam {ZewëH$ {dVaU 2018-19

Ã“ßÁTy Tm
»y Ã´Æt ™oyå E“™t
u“Êty Ã™ãƒÆN˛, LÃ.Ãy.F|.EÁ∫.by., oz¬ÊTÁmÁ ∫Á[Æ
»y ÃÏ∫z∆ NÏ˛™Á∫ u™»Á <G∫owõo> gÁ}. úy. ∆Á∫tÁ
A
LÃ.Ãy.F|.EÁ∫.by. oz¬ÊTÁmÁ ∫Á[Æ LÃ.Ãy.F|.EÁ∫.by. oz¬ÊTÁmÁ ∫Á[Æ
AN
»y˛™Ï“©™t ÃÏ¬z™Áå E¬y <EÁut¬> »y Nz˛. u∆ƒ∫Á\å
∫Á[Æ u“Êty ÃÊÃÁáN˛, oz¬ÊTÁmÁ ∫Á[Æ ∫Á[Æ u“Êty ÃÊÃÁáN˛, oz¬ÊTÁmÁ ∫Á[Æ
gÁ}. ™ÆÁåÁ Qtyª¡¬Á »y. §y. ∫™z∆ §Á§Ó
G
∫Á[Æ u“Êty ÃÊÃÁáN˛, EÁÊá¿ ütz∆ ∫Á[Æ u“Êty ÃÊÃÁáN˛, EÁÊá¿ ütz∆
»y™oy Lå. “z™¬oÁ

∫Á[Æ u“Êty ÃÊÃÁáN˛, oz¬ÊTÁmÁ ∫Á[Æ
N »y. F|. \z. å∫z∆
üÁÜÆÁúN˛, Tƒå|™ıb \ÓuåÆ∫ N˛Á}¬z\, á™|ƒ∫™Ω
LA
EåÊoúÓ∫, EÁÊ. ü.
uYfiÁÊN˛å
TE
»y NÏ˛∫z¡¬Á ∫ÁVƒÁYÁ∫y »y™oy úÁƒ|oy

u\. ú. G. úÁ, u“ÊtÓ \ÓuåÆ∫ N˛Á}¬z\ “ÁF|ÀNÓ˛¬
åN˛∫zN˛¬, u\¬Á: å¬TÁıgÁ, oz¬ÊTÁmÁ ∫Á[Æ u\¬Á: TÏÊbÓ∫, EÁÊá¿ütz∆
T
ER
»y YıY¬Á ƒıN˛b∫™mÁ »y N˛ÀoÓ∫y üßÁN˛∫

üÁ. úÁ. T¿Á: ƒyÆÁ|åÁÆN˛ bÁÊgÁ, ™Ê:\Áu\∫zgΩgyTÏ‰gz™,u\: u\. ú. G. úÁ.,T¿Á™: uú¡¬¬Á™∫y|, ™Êg¬: ÃÓÆÁ|úzb,
å¬TÁıgÁ, oz¬ÊTÁmÁ ∫Á[Æ u\¬Á: å¬TÁıgÁ, oz¬ÊTÁmÁ ∫Á[Æ
SC
»y Ã´Æt “≈™oÏ¡¬Á »y ƒgΩgzú¡¬y ƒıN˛bz∆™

\y.LY.LÃ. „N˛Á„\yúzb \ÁTy∫, üÁ. úÁ.T¿Á: ÃÁz™Áƒ∫™, ™Ê: åz∫zgΩgY¬Á|,
™Ê: “å™N˛ÁıgÁ,u\: ƒ∫ÊT¬, oz¬ÊTÁmÁ ∫Á[Æ u\: å¬TÁıgÁ, oz¬ÊTÁmÁ ∫Á[Æ
¬z EÁGb & ug„\ÁFå - »y NÏ˛∫Á| ÃÏ∫∆z §Á§Ó, EÁ∫y„¢˛Á ÃÏ¡oÁåÁ - oz¬TÊ ÁmÁ u“Êty EN˛Át™y, “{t∫Á§Át
Vob§JmUm amÁ¶ gaH$ma X²dmam {ZewëH$ {dVaU 2018-19 viii

BH$mB© - I 1. h‘ hm|Jo H$m‘¶m~
A
AN
N G
LA
TE
T
ER
àíZ …
1. {MÌ ‘| ³¶m-³¶m {XIm¶r Xo ahm h¡?
2. do ³¶m H$a aho h¢?
SC
3. do EH$-Xÿgao go ³¶m H$h aho hm|J?

o
N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE gyMZmE± …

1. nmR> Ho$ {MÌ Xo{IE& {MÌm| Ho$ AmYma na H$ënZm H$s{OE {H$ nmR> ‘| ³¶m ~Vm¶m J¶m hmoJm?
2. nmR> n{‹T>E& Z¶o eãX Am¡a dm³¶ aoIm§{H$V H$s{OE&
3. Z¶o eãXm| Am¡a dm³¶m| Ho$ ~mao ‘| {‘Ìm| go MMm© H$s{OE&
4. Z¶o eãXm| Ho$ AW© eãXH$moe ‘| Ty>{‹± T>E&
1 Vob§JmUm amÁ¶ gaH$ma X²dmam {ZewëH$ {dVaU 2018-19

hm|Jo H$m‘¶m~, hm|Jo H$m‘¶m~,
h‘ hm|Jo H$m‘¶m~, EH$ {XZ
hmo, hmo! ‘Z ‘| h¡ {dídmg,
nyam h¡ {dídmg, h‘ hm|Jo H$m‘¶m~ EH$ {XZ&&
A
AN
hmoJr em§{V Mmam| Amoa, hmoJr em§{V Mmam| Amoa,
hmoJr em§{V Mmam| Amoa EH$ {XZ&&
hmo, hmo! ‘Z ‘| h¡ {dídmg, nyam h¡ {dídmg,
G
hmoJr em§{V Mmam| Amoa EH$ {XZ&&
N
h‘ Mb|Jo gmW-gmW, S>mb hmWm| ‘| hmW,
LA
h‘ Mb|Jo gmW-gmW EH$ {XZ
h‘ Mb|Jo gmW-gmW EH$ {XZ&&
TE
Zht S>a {H$gr H$m AmO, Zht S>a {H$gr H$m AmO,
Zht S>a {H$gr H$m AmO, EH$ {XZ
T

Zht S>a {H$gr H$m AmO, EH$ {XZ&&
ER
SC
2
‘yb H${d… Mmëg© Ab~Q>© qQ>S²>br AZwdmXH$… {J[aOm Hw$‘ma ‘mWwa
OrdZ H$mb… 1851 - 1933 OrdZ H$mb… 1919 - 1994
aMZmE±… Ý¶y gm§½g Am°’$ noamS>mBµO Am{X& aMZmE±… ‘¢ d³V Ho$ hÿ± gm‘Zo Am{X&
nwañH$ma… gm{hË¶ AH$mX‘r nwañH$ma Am{X&
gwZmo-~mobmo
A
1.
AN
nmR> ‘| {X¶o J¶o {MÌm| Ho$ ~mao ‘| ~mVMrV H$s{OE&
2. H$m‘¶m~ hmoZo Ho$ {bE ³¶m H$aZm Mm{hE?
n‹T>mo
G
(A) ZrMo Xr J¶r n§p³V¶m| Ho$ ^md ~VmZo dmbr n§p³V¶m± H${dVm ‘| aoIm§{H$V H$s{OE&
1. h‘ ‘| nyam {dídmg h¡&
2. h‘ EH$ {XZ Adí¶ g’$b hm|Jo&
N
LA
(Am) ZrMo Xr J¶r n§p³V¶m| ‘| aoIm§{H$V eãX go EH$ Am¡a dm³¶ ~ZmBE&
1. h‘ hm|Jo H$m‘¶m~ EH$ {XZ& - g‘«mQ> AemoH$ em§{V H$r amh ‘| H$m‘¶m~ hþE&
2. hmoJr em§{V Mmam| Amoa EH$ {XZ& - ..................................................
TE
3. Zht S>a {H$gr H$m AmO& - ..................................................

{bImo
T
(A) ZrMo {X¶o J¶o àíZm| Ho$ CÎma {b{IE&

1. H$moB© ^r H$m‘ {dídmg H$o$ gmW ³¶m§o H$aZm Mm{hE Am¡a ‘Z ‘| {dídmg H¡$go CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡?
ER
2. ~ÀMm| ‘|§ H¡$go-H¡$go S>a CËnÝZ hmoVo h¢?

(Am) Bg H${dVm H$m gmam§e AnZo eãXmo| ‘| {b{IE&
SC
eãX ^§S>ma
(A) ZrMo {X¶o eãXm| Ho$ AW© VobwJw ¶m A§J«oµOr ‘| {bIH$a dm³¶ à¶moJ H$s{OE&
{dídmg qeTàø£+ ha H$m‘ {dídmg H$o$ gmW H$aZm Mm{hE&
em§{V
H$m‘¶m~
g¥OZmË‘H$ A{^ì¶p³V
(A) g’$bVm {df¶ na EH$ N>moQ>m-gm {Z~§Y {b{IE&
àe§gm
(A) H$moB© ^r H$m‘ H$aZo ‘| gh¶moJ H$m ³¶m ‘hËd h¡?
A
n[a¶moOZm H$m¶©
AN
(A) {H$gr H$m‘¶m~ ì¶p³V H$s OmZH$mar BH$Q²>R>m H$s{OE& nm±M dm³¶ {b{IE&
^mfm H$s ~mV
G
(A) ZrMo {X¶o J¶o dm³¶ Ü¶mZ go n{‹T>E&
N
h‘ hm|Jo H$m‘¶m~ EH$ {XZ&
LA
D$na {X¶o J¶o dm³¶ ‘| 'h‘' H$m à¶moJ ~hþdMZ Ho$ {bE hþAm h¡&
¶{X h‘ H$s OJh Amn, ¶o Am¡a do H$m à¶moJ H$aVo h¢, Vmo dm³¶ Bg Vah
hm|Jo-
TE
Amn - Amn hm|Jo H$m‘¶m~ EH$ {XZ&

¶o - ¶o hm|Jo H$m‘¶m~ EH$ {XZ&
do - do hm|Jo H$m‘¶m~ EH$ {XZ&
T
A~ Amn ZrMo {X¶o J¶o dm³¶ go ^r Bgr Vah Ho$ dm³¶ ~ZmBE&
ER
h‘ Mb|Jo gmW-gmW EH$ {XZ&

³¶m ‘¢ ¶o H$a gH$Vm/gH$Vr hÿ? ± hm± (3) Zht (5)
SC
1. H${dVm Jm gH$Vm/gH$Vr hÿ&±

2. Bg Vah H$s H${dVmE±> n‹T>H$a g‘P gH$Vm/gH$Vr hÿ&±
3. H${dVm Ho$ eãXm| go dm³¶ ~Zm gH$Vm/gH$Vr hÿ&±
{dMma-{d‘e©
AnZo JwU Am¡a H$m¡eb H$s OmZH$mar ‘Z ‘| AmË‘{dídmg n¡Xm H$aVr h¡&
4
nR>Z hoVw h±gr - Iwer
Mwn hmo Om {d³H$s, ³¶m eoa Ho$ ~ÀMo H$^r amoVo h¢?
‘m‘m, eoa Ho$
A
~ÀMo ñHy $ b
^r Zht OmVo&
AN
‘¢Zo Vwåh| ’y$b bmZo Ho$ {bE H$hm Wm& ¶h J‘bm ³¶m| CR>m bm¶o?
G
dhm± {bIm Wm - '’y$b
Vmo‹S>Zm ‘Zm h¡&'
N
Bg{bE ‘¢ J‘bm hr
LA
CR>m bm¶m&
TE
~VmAmo Zaoe! Am‘boQ> {H$go H$hVo h¢?
Omo Am‘ boQ> (Xoar)

T
go nH$Vm h¡, Cgo

ER
Am‘boQ> H$hVo h¢&
h‘mao Jm±d ‘| BVZr R>§S> h‘mao Jm±d ‘| BVZr R>§S> n‹S>Vr h¡

SC
n‹S>Vr h¡ {H$ bmoJ Xg-Xg {H$ Zb H$m nmZr

H§$~b Amo‹T>H$a gmoVo h¢& O‘H$a ~’©$ ~Z OmVm h¡&
h‘mao Jm±d ‘| BVZr R>§S> n‹S>Vr h¡

{H$ Jm¶
XÿY Ho$ ~Xbo AmBgH«$s‘ XoVr h¡&
BH$mB© - I 2. amOm ~Xb J¶m
A
kmZ
~X go
b
gH X{þ Z¶
AN
$Vo m
h&¢
N G
LA
TE
T
ER
àíZ …
2. b‹S>H$m ³¶m H$a ahm h¡?
SC
3. ¶h b‹S>H$m h‘| ³¶m ~VmZm MmhVm h¡?

6
EH$ b‹S>H$m Wm& CgH$m Zm‘ amOoe Wm& dh O§Jb ‘| Om ahm Wm& amñVo ‘|
Cgo EH$ gmoZo H$m {g³H$m {‘bm& dh gmoMZo bJm - ''¶h {g³H$m ‘oam Vmo h¡ hr
Zht, Bgo ³¶m H$ê±$ boH$a... OmZo {H$g ~oMmao H$m {g³H$m ¶hm± {Ja J¶m h¡& A~ Z
Vmo Bgo aI gH$Vm hÿ± Am¡a Z hr ’|$H$ gH$Vm hÿ±, ³¶m H$ê±$ BgH$m?''
A
¶hr g~ gmoMVo hþE dh AmJo ~‹T>m Mbm Om ahm Wm& amñVo ‘| ‘mbm OnVo hþE
EH$ gmYw ‘hmamO Cgo {‘bo& CgZo gmoMm, ³¶m| Z ¶h {g³H$m gmYw H$mo hr Xo Xÿ±&
AN
amOoe Zo O~ dh {g³H$m gmYw H$mo {X¶m Vmo gmoZo Ho$ {g³Ho$ H$mo XoIH$a gmYw
Zo AmíM¶© go H$hm-""~oQ>m! ¶h {g³H$m h‘mao O¡go gmYwAm| Ho$ {bE Zht h¡& Bgo Vmo
G
{H$gr µJar~ H$mo Xo Xmo Vm{H$ dh AnZm noQ> â gH|$&""
N
gmYw H$s ~mV ‘mZH$a amOoe AmJo Mbm Vmo CgZo XoIm {H$ {H$gr amOm H$s
goZm Mbr Om ahr h¡& BVZr ~‹S>r goZm H$mo XoIH$a dh gmoMZo
LA
bJm {H$ µOê$a H$moB© ~mV ahr hmoJr, Omo amOm AnZr goZm
{b¶o Om aho h¢& CgZo EH$ g¡{ZH$ go nyN>m-""^mB©!
TE
AmnHo$ amOm BVZr ~‹S>r goZm {b¶o H$hm± Om aho

h¢?""
""¶o h‘mao amOm eya qgh
T
h¢, Omo n‹S>mogr Xoe na

ER
AmH« $ ‘U H$a
Cgo
SC

byQ>Zo Om aho h¢&""-
CgZo Odm~ {X¶m&
amOo e amOm
Ho$ nmg J¶m& gmoZo H$m
A
{g³H$m CZH$s Amoa ~‹T>mVo
hþ E H$hm - ""br{OE
AN
‘hmamO! Amn Bgo aI
br{OE&""
G
""~oQ>m! ‘wPo ³¶m| XoZm MmhVo
hmo?""- amOm Zo AmíM¶© Ho$ gmW
nyN>m& N
LA
""‘hmamO! EH$ gmYw Zo H$hm Wm {H$
Omo g~go µJar~ {XIo Cgo ¶h {g³H$m Xo XoZm&""-
TE
amOoe H$éU ñda ‘| ~mobm&

""‘¢ amOm hÿ,± amOm! ‘¢ VwPo Jµ ar~ bJVm hÿ?
± ""- amOm H«$moY ‘| ~mobm&
""‘hmamO! ¶{X Amn A‘ra hmoVo Vmo Xÿgao Xoe H$mo byQ>Zo Ho$ {bE BVZr ~‹S>r
T
goZm boH$a ³¶m| OmVo?""

ER
amOoe H$s ~mV amOm H$s g‘P ‘| Am J¶r& CÝh| AnZr JbVr H$m Ahgmg
hþAm& amOoe H$s àe§gm H$aVo hþE CÝhm|Zo goZm H$mo dmng bm¡Q>Zo H$m AmXoe {X¶m&
SC
Cg {XZ go amOm Zo AnZr g§n{Îm OZVm H$s godm ‘| IM© H$aZm Ama§^ H$a
{X¶m&
8
gwZmo-~mobmo
1. nmR> ‘| {X¶o J¶o {MÌm| Ho$ ~mao ‘| ~mVMrV H$s{OE&
2. Bg nmR> H$m H$moB© Xÿgam Zm‘ ³¶m hmo gH$Vm h¡?
A
n‹T>mo
AN
(A) ""^mB©! AmnHo$ amOm BVZr ~‹S>r goZm {b¶o H$hm± Om aho h¢?"" ¶h dm³¶ {Og
G
AZwÀN>Xo ‘| h¡, Cgo n‹T>mo Am¡a ~VmAmo {H$ amOoe Zo ¶h dm³¶ {H$g CX²Xío ¶ go H$hm?
N
(Am) ZrMo {X¶o J¶o dm³¶ n‹T>H$a nmR> Ho$ AmYma na ghr H«$‘ ‘| {b{IE&
LA
1. ""br{OE ‘hmamO! Amn Bgo aI br{OE&""
2. ""‘¢ amOm hÿ,± amOm! ‘¢ VwPo Jµ ar~ bJVm hÿ?
± ""
TE
3. ""~oQ>m! ‘wPo ³¶m| XoZm MmhVo hmo?""

4. ""^mB©! AmnHo$ amOm BVZr ~‹S>r goZm {b¶o H$hm± Om aho h¢?""
T
5. ""Bgo Vmo {H$gr µJar~ H$mo Xo Xmo Vm{H$ dh AnZm noQ> â gHo$&""
ER
{bImo
(A) ZrMo {X¶o àíZm| Ho$ CÎma {b{IE&
SC
1. H$^r-H$^r bmoJ {H$gr ì¶p³V H$mo {M‹T>mH$a ¶m VmZo H$gH$a V§J H$aVo h¢&
³¶m Vw‘Zo ¶m Vw‘ na {H$gr Zo Bg Vah H$m ì¶dhma {H$¶m h¡?
2. h‘mao ì¶dhma go h‘mao ñd^md H$m nVm MbVm h¡& amOm H$m ñd^md H¡$gm
Wm? AnZo eãXm| ‘| {b{IE&
(Am) ""amOm ~Xb J¶m"" H$hmZr AnZo eãXm| ‘| {b{IE&
eãX ^§S>ma
(A) CXmhaU Xo{IE Am¡a g‘pPE& Bgr Vah AmJo Hw$N> eãX {b{IE&
CXmhaU… g¡{ZH$ - H$‘ - ‘Z - Zb - bJZ
A
1. O§Jb ............... - ............... - ...............
AN
2. Xoe ............... - ............... - ...............
G
3. EH$ ............... - ............... - ...............
N
(Am) ZrMo {X¶o J¶o eãX n{‹T>E& ZrMo {X¶o J¶o eãXm| Ho$ {dbmo‘ eãX {bIH$a dm³¶m| ‘|
LA
à¶moJ H$s{OE&
nmg ~‹S>m Jar~ Xoe
TE
CXmhaU…nmg 5 Xÿa - ‘³H$m ‘g{OX, Mma‘rZma Ho$ nmg h¡& {~abm ‘§{Xa Xÿa h¡&
T
ER
Bg H$hmZr H$s {H$gr EH$ KQ>Zm H$mo g§dmX ê$n ‘| {b{IE&
àe§gm
SC
AnZo {‘Ì Ho$ ì¶dhma ¶m ñd^md H$s àe§gm H$aVo hþE EH$ KQ>Zm Ho$ ~mao ‘| ~VmBE&
{Og‘| {‘Ì H$m JwU ¶m H$m¡eb gm‘Zo Am¶m hmo&
10
^mfm H$s ~mV
(A) Bg dm³¶ H$mo n{‹T>E&
BVZr ~‹S>r goZm H$mo XoIH$a dh gmoMZo bJm {H$ µOê$a H$moB© ~mV ahr hmoJr, Omo
amOm AnZr goZm H$mo {b¶o Om aho h¢& CgZo EH$ g¡{ZH$ go nyN>m-""^mB©! AmnHo$ amOm
A
BVZr ~‹S>r goZm {b¶o H$hm± Om aho h¢?""
AN
D$na {X¶o AZwÀN>Xo ‘| Hw$N> {Mh²Z Am¶o h¢, O¡go - (,), (&), (-), ("" ""), (!), (?)
BZ {Mh²Zm| H$mo "{dam‘ {Mh²Z" (Punctuation) H$hVo h¢& ~mobVo AWdm n‹T>Vo g‘¶
AnZr ~mV H$mo R>rH$ ‹T>J go H$hZo Ho$ {bE Hw$N> Xoa éH$Zm n‹S>Vm h¡& éH$Zo H$s ¶h
G
{H«$¶m ì¶mH$aU H$s ^mfm ‘| "{dam‘" H$hbmVr h¡& H$hmZr, boI, {Z~§Y Am{X {bIVo
N
g‘¶ Bg àH$ma Ho$ éH$Zo Ho$ ñWbm| H$s ñnîQ>Vm Ho$ {bE {OZ {Mh²Zm| H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m
OmVm h¡, CÝh| {dam‘ {Mh²Z H$hVo h¢& {dam‘ {Mh²Zm| Ho$ C{MV à¶moJ go hr ^mdm| ‘|
LA
ñnîQVm AmVr h¡&
(Am) A~ BZ‘| go Omo {Mh²Z nmR> ‘| Am¶o h¢, CÝh| Ty>±‹T>H$a aoIm§{H$V H$s{OE&
TE
n[a¶moOZm H$m¶©
T
AnZr ‘Zng§X H$hmZr H$mJµO na {bIH$a Xrdma n{ÌH$m na {MnH$mBE&

ER

1. H$hmZr Ho$ ~mao ‘| ~mVMrV H$a gH$Vm/gH$Vr hÿ&±
SC
2. Bg Vah Ho$ nmR> n‹T>H$a g‘P gH$Vm/gH$Vr hÿ&±

3. nmR> Ho$ eãXm| go dm³¶ ~Zm gH$Vm/gH$Vr hÿ&±
{dMma-{d‘e©
AnZm Xþ…I, XX©, {Zamem, g‘ñ¶m AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm, AÜ¶mnH$ ¶m XmoñV H$mo ~VmZo go
H$‘ hmo OmVm h¡ Am¡a H$B© ~ma g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ ^r {‘b OmVm h¡&

BH$mB© - I 3. ß¶mam Jm±d
A
AN
N G
LA
TE
T
ER
àíZ …
1. Bg {MÌ ‘| ³¶m-³¶m {XIm¶r Xo ahm h¡?
2. H$m¡Z ³¶m H$a aho h¢?
SC
3. Bg {MÌ ‘| AmnH$mo H$m¡Z-gm Ñí¶ g~go AÀN>m bJm Am¡a ³¶m|?

12
(amZr Am¡a a‘oe AmR>dt H$jm ‘| n‹T>Vo h¢& J‘u H$s Nw>Q>² {Q>¶mo|
‘o| XmXmOr CÝh| AnZo Jm±d bo OmZo Ho$ {bE Am¶o& g~
{‘bH$a g~oao aob go {ZH$bo& Jm‹S>r ‘| ~‹S>r ^r‹S> Wr& {’$a ^r
O¡g-o V¡go ~¡R>Zo H$s OJh {‘b J¶r& em‘ VH$ Jm±d nhþM±
J¶o& dhm± ñQ>e o Z Ho$ nmg MmMmOr ~¡bJm‹S>r boH$a V¡¶ma Wo&
~¡bJm‹S>r IoVm| Ho$ {H$Zmao-{H$Zmao MbZo bJr& IoVm| ‘|
A
{H$gmZ H$m‘ H$a aho Wo& new Ma aho Wo& Jm±d H$s h[a¶mbr
XoIZo bm¶µH$ Wr& ~mVm|-~mVm| ‘| Ka Am J¶m& XmXrOr go
AN
{‘bo& XmXrOr Zo ~hþV bm‹S>-ß¶ma {H$¶m&
g~oao XmoZm| XÿY nrH$a XmXmOr Ho$ gmW Jm±d Ky‘Zo {ZH$bo&
amñVo ‘| ~mV| H$aVo h¢...)
G
XmXmOr : XoImo! gm‘Zo H$‘boe H$mH$m Am aho h¢& BÝh|
àUm‘ H$amo& (XmoZm| Zo H$‘boe H$mH$m H$mo
N
àUm‘ {H$¶m& do ~ÀMm| H$mo XoIH$a Iwe hþE&)
LA
amZr :H$‘boe H$mH$m ³¶m H$m‘ H$aVo h¢?
XmXmOr : do bwhma h¢& do bmoho H$m
gm‘mZ O¡go- Iwanr, ’$md‹S>m, hWm¡‹S>m, n{h¶m,
TE
Hw$ëhm‹S>r Am{X gm‘mZ ~ZmVo h¢& dh XoImo! Xm‘moXa

XmXm H$m ‘H$mZ&
a‘oe : Xm‘moXa XmXm ³¶m H$m‘ H$aVo h¢?
XmXmOr : Xm‘moXa XmXm Jm±ddmbm| Ho$ {bE {‘Q²>Q>r Ho$ ~aVZ
T
O¡go- K‹S>o, ‘Q>Ho$, h±S>r, {‘Q²>Q>r Ho$ {Ibm¡Zo Am{X

ER
~ZmVo h¢& ~ÀMmo! Vwåh| nVm h¡ {‘Q²>Q>r Ho$ ~V©Z

~ZmZo dmbo H$mo ³¶m H$hVo h¢?
amZr : Hw$åhma H$hVo h¢ Z XmXmOr!
XmXmOr : em~me! ‘oar ß¶mar amZr ~oQ>r H$mo Vmo g~ Hw$N> nVm h¡&
SC
dh XoImo M§Ðæ¶m MmMm H$m Ka& do H$n‹S>o ~wZVo h¢&

amZr : AÀN>m XmXm Or! H$n‹S>m ~wZZo dmbr H$mo ³¶m H$hVo h¢?
XmXmOr : H$n‹‹S>m ~wZZo dmbr H$mo Owbmhm H$hVo h¢& H$n‹S>m
‘erZ Am¡a hmW XmoZm| go ~ZmVo h¢& hmW go
~ZmZo H$mo hWH$aKm H$hVo h¢& M§Ðæ¶m MmMm Ho$
Ka Ho$ nmg hr ~m~æ¶m H$m Ka ^r h¡& do ~‹T>B©
H$m H$m‘ H$aVo h¢&
a‘oe : XmXm Or! ~‹T>B© ³¶m H$m‘ H$aVo h¢?
XmXmOr : ~‹T>B© bH$‹S>r go hb, {I‹S>H$s, XadmµO,o ~¡bJm‹S>r
Am¡a Vah-Vah Ho$ gm‘mZ ~ZmVo h¢&
amZr : XmXm Or! dhm± Xo{IE& do H$m¡Z h¢? do ³¶m H$a aho h¢?
XmXmOr : hm± ~oQ>m! do gmoZ-o Mm±Xr H$m H$m‘ H$aVo h¢& do
A
gmoZ-o Mm±Xr go Vah-Vah Ho$ Am^yfU O¡g-o
A§JRy >r, hma, MyS‹ >r Am{X ~ZmVo h¢&
AN
a‘oe : XmXm Or! Cg Jbr ‘| Xo{IE b§~o-b§~o ~m±g
h¢& ~m±g go ³¶m-³¶m ~ZmVo h¢?
XmXmOr : XoImo ~oQ>m! ~m±g go Q>moH$ar, Pybo, {Ibm¡Zo
G
Am{X ~ZmVo h¢& BZ MrµOm| H$mo ~ZmZo dmbo
H$mo ~§gmoa H$hVo h¢&
a‘oe : N
XmXm Or! AmnH$m Jm±d ~‹S>m ß¶mam h¡& ¶hm± Vmo
LA
g^r Vah Ho$ H$m‘ H$aZo dmbo ahVo h¢&
XmXmOr : hm± ~oQ>m! ¶hm± g^r Vah Ho$ H$m‘ H$aZo dmbo
ahVo h¢& ¶o EH$-Xÿgao H$s ghm¶Vm H$aVo h¢ Am¡a
TE
{‘bOwbH$a ahVo h¢& do AnZo-AnZo Kaoby

CX²¶moJm| go Xoe Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| ^mJ boVo h¢&
amZr : XmXm Or! ¶o XoImo {H$VZo hao-âo IoV h¢&
XmXmOr : hm± ~oQ>r! BZ IoVm| H$mo ham-âm ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE {H$gmZ {XZ-amV ‘ohZV
T
H$aVo h¢& AÝZ CJmVo h¢& h‘mar

ER
^yI {‘Q>mVo h¢& Bgr{bE ‘hmË‘m

Jm§Yr Or Zo H$hm Wm- ""dmñVd
‘| ^maV Jm±dm| ‘| hr ~gVm h¡&""
a‘oe-amZr : hm± XmXm Or! AmnZo ghr H$hm& gM ‘| Jm±d ~hþV ß¶mao hmoVo h¢&
SC
{dMma-{d‘e©
d¡km{ZH$m| Ho$ AZwgma h‘ g~‘| Zm¡ Vah H$s ~wX²{Y‘Îmm hmoVr h¡& ^mfm ~wX²{Y‘Îmm, VH©$
J{UV ~wX{² Y‘Îmm, emar[aH$ J{V~moYH$ ~wX{² Y‘Îmm, g§JrV ~wX{² Y‘Îmm, ñWmZ {df¶H$ ~wX{² Y‘Îmm,
AnZo go Ow‹S>r A§Vd£¶p³VH$ ~wX²{Y‘Îmm, nmañn[aH$ ~wX²{Y‘Îmm, àH¥${VdmXr ~wX²{Y‘Îmm Am¡a
AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ~wX²{Y‘Îmm& BZH$m {dH$mg AbJ-AbJ AZwnmV ‘| hmoVm h¡& BZH$s H$moB© gr‘m
Zht hmoVr& Aä¶mg go BÝh| {dH${gV H$a gH$Vo h¢&
14
gwZmo-~mobmo
1. {MÌ ‘| ³¶m-³¶m {XIm¶r Xo aho h¢?
2. AmnHo$ Jm±d ‘| ³¶m-³¶m XoIZo H$mo {‘bVm h¡?
n‹T>mo
A
(A) ZrMo {X¶o J¶o dm³¶m| Ho$ AW© ~VbmZo dmbo eãX nmR²>¶-nwñVH$ go Ty>±‹{T>E Am¡a {b{IE&
AN
(A) Ja‘r Ho$ {XZm| ‘| Bg‘| nmZr R>§S>m ahVm h¡& ‘Q>H$m
(Am) N>moQ>o ~ÀMo Bggo IobVo h¢&
(B) BÝh| amîQ´>{nVm H$hVo h¢&
G
(Am) ZrMo AYyao dm³¶ {X¶o J¶o h¢, CÝh| nyam H$s{OE&
(A) gm‘Zo H$‘boe H$mH$m Am aho h¢& CÝh| ..........................................
(Am) Xm‘moXa XmXm Jm±ddmbm| Ho$ {bE N ..........................................
LA
{bImo
1. ha {H$gr ‘| H$bm, H$m¡eb, à{V^m hmoVr h¡, {Oggo h‘ ì¶dgm¶ H$a gH$Vo
TE
h¢& Vwåh| H$m¡Z-gm ì¶dgm¶ ng§X h¡ Am¡a ³¶m|?

2. AnZo Jm±d Ho$ ~mao ‘| {b{IE&
eãX ^§S>ma
T
uå©å u¬uQo ∆£tÁı N˛Áz ƒÁMÆÁı ™ı üÆÁzT N˛yu\L@ ¬Ï“Á∫, NÏ˛©“Á∫, \Ï¬Á“Á, ÃÏåÁ∫, §ÊÃÁz∫
ER
H$ënZm H$s{OE {H$ XmXm Or eha AmVo h¡& XmXm Or Am¡a Amn Ho$ §yY “ÏF| §ÁoYyo
SC
N˛Áz ƒÁoÁ|¬Áú Nz˛ øú ™ı u¬uQL@

àe§gm
AnZr H$bm-H$m¡eb Am¡a à{V^m H$mo XoIVo hþE Amn H$m¡Zgm H$m‘ H$aZm ng§X H$a|J?
o
AnZo ng§XrXm joÌ ‘| AmJo ~‹T>Zo Ho$ {bE Amn ³¶m H$a|J?
o
n[a¶moOZm H$m¶©
{d{^ÝZ ~wX{² Y‘ÎmmAm| Ho$ ì¶dgm¶m| Ho$ {MÌ BH$Q²>R>m H$a H$jm ‘| àX{e©V H$s{OE&
^mfm H$s ~mV
(A) ZrMo {X¶m J¶m AZwÀN>oX n{‹T>E&
amZr Am¡a a‘oe AmR>dt H$jm ‘| n‹T>Vo h¢& J‘u H$s Nw>Q²>{Q>¶m| ‘| XmXmOr CÝh|
AnZo Jm±d bo OmZo Ho$ {bE Am¶o& g~ {‘bH$a g~oao aob go {ZH$bo& Jm‹S>r ‘| ~‹S>r ^r‹S>
Wr& {’$a ^r O¡go-V¡go ~¡R>Zo H$s OJh {‘b J¶r& em‘ VH$ Jm±d nhþ±M J¶o& dhm±
A
ñQ>oeZ Ho$ nmg MmMmOr ~¡bJm‹S>r boH$a V¡¶ma Wo& ~¡bJm‹S>r IoVm| Ho$ {H$Zmao-{H$Zmao
MbZo bJr& IoVm| ‘| {H$gmZ H$m‘ H$a aho Wo& new Ma aho Wo& Jm±d H$s h[a¶mbr
AN
XoIZo bm¶µH$ Wr& ~mVm|-~mVm| ‘| Ka Am J¶m& XmXrOr go {‘bo& XmXrOr Zo ~hþV
bm‹S>-ß¶ma {H$¶m& g~oao XmoZm| XÿY nrH$a XmXmOr Ho$ gmW Jm±d Ky‘Zo {ZH$bo&
D$na {X¶o AZwÀN>Xo ‘| amZr, Jm±d, ^r‹S>, new, h[a¶mbr Am¡a XÿY eãX
{H$gr ì¶p³V, àmUr, dñVw, ñWmZ AWdm ^md H$m ~moY H$amVo h¢& Eogo eãXm| H$mo g§km
G
H$hVo h¢& g§km Ho$ nm±M ôX h¢& do h¢-
1. Om{VdmMH$ g§km … N {Og g§km eãX go {H$gr g§nyU© Om{V H$m ~moY
hmo , dh Om{VdmMH$ g§ k m H$hbmVm h¡ &
LA
CXm… b‹S>H$m IobVm h¡&
2. ì¶p³VdmMH$ g§km … {H$gr {deof ì¶p³V, dñVw, ñWmZ H$m ~moY
H$amZo dmbo eãX ì¶p³VdmMH$ g§km H$hbmVo
h¢& CXm… am‘y IobVm h¡&
TE
3. ^mddmMH$ g§km … {OZ eãXm| go {H$gr JwU, ñd^md, Xem H$m

~moY hmo, do ^mddmMH$ g§km H$hbmVo h¢&
CXm… gwI-XþI AmVo OmVo ahVo h¢&
4. g‘wXm¶dmMH$ g§km … Eogo eãX, Omo {H$gr {deof g‘wXm¶ ¶m g‘yh
T
H$m ~moY H$amVo h¢, do g‘wXm¶dmMH$ g§km H$hbmVo

h¢& CXm… goZm Xoe H$s ajm H$aVr h¡&
ER
5. Ðì¶dmMH$ g§km … Omo eãX Ðì¶ ¶m {d{^ÝZ YmVwAm| H$m ~moY

H$amVo h¢, do Ðì¶dmMH$ g§km H$hbmVo h¢&
CXm… ñdÀN> Ob nrZm Mm{hE&
SC
(Am) ZrMo {X¶o J¶o dm³¶m| ‘| Am¶o g§km eãX Ty>±‹T>H$a& aoIm§{H$V H$s{OE&
1. amZr n‹T>Vr h¡& 2. ~mbH$ Im ahm h¡& 3. h[a¶mbr AÀN>r hmoVr h¡&

1. nmR> Ho$ ~mao ‘| ~mVMrV H$a gH$Vm/gH$Vr hÿ&±
2. Bg Vah Ho$ nmR> n‹T>H$a g‘P gH$Vm/gH$Vrhÿ&±
3. nmR> Ho$ eãXm| go dm³¶ ~Zm gH$Vm/gH$Vrhÿ&±
16
BH$mB© - II 4. H$m¡Z?
gmoMmo-~mobmo
A
AN
N G
LA
TE
T
ER
àíZ …
SC

3. do ³¶m gmoM aho hm|J?
o


A
AN
AJa Z hmoVm Mm±X amV ‘|
h‘H$mo {Xem {XImVm H$m¡Z?
AJa Z hmoVm gyaO, {XZ H$mo
G
gmoZo-gm M‘H$mVm H$m¡Z?
AJa Z hmoVr {Z‘©b Z{X¶m±N
OJ H$s ß¶mg ~wPmVm H$m¡Z?
LA
AJa Z hmoVo nd©V, ‘rR>o
PaZo ^bm ~hmVm H$m¡Z?
TE
T
AJa Z hmoVo no‹S> ^bm {’$a

ER
h[a¶mbr ’¡$bmVm H$m¡Z?

AJa Z hmoVo ’y$b ~VmAmo
SC
{Ib-{Ib H$a ‘wgH$mVm H$m¡Z?
AJa Z hmoVo ~mXb Z^ ‘|

B§ÐYZwf aM nmVm H$m¡Z?
AJa Z hmoVo h‘ Vmo ~mobmo
¶o g~ àíZ CR>mVm H$m¡Z?
18
H${d H$m Zm‘ … ~mbñdê$n amhr
OrdZ H$mb … OÝ‘ - 1936
aMZmE± … gyaO H$m aW Am{X
nwañH$ma … H$B© ~mb gm{hË¶ nwañH$ma&
A
AN
gwZmo-~mobmo
2. Z{X¶m| go h‘| ³¶m bm^ h¢?
G
n‹T>mo
N
(A) H${dVm ‘| AmnH$mo H$m¡Zgr n§p³V¶m± AÀN>r bJt? n‹T>H$a gwZmBE&
LA
(Am) ZrMo {X¶o J¶o eãX H${dVm ‘| Ty>±‹T>H$a aoIm§{H$V H$s{OE-
Mm±X gyaO Z{X¶m± ß¶mg nd©V
h[a¶mbr ’y$b ~mXb Z^ B§ÐYZwf
TE
{bImo
T
1. Mm±X, gyaO, ZXr ‘| Hw$N> {deof JwU h¢& h‘ g~ ‘| ^r H$B© JwU h¢&
ER
O¡g…o ‘ohZVr, {dZmoXr, J§^ra Am{X& Bgr Vah AnZo nm±M JwU {b{IE&
2. no‹S>m| go h‘| ³¶m bm^ h¢?
(Am) H${dVm H$m gmam§e AnZo eãXm| ‘| {b{IE&
SC
eãX ^§S>ma
(A) Omo {^ÝZ h¡ CÝh| H$moîR>H$ ‘| {b{IE&
(A) 1.Mm±X 2. gyaO 3. Vmam 4. no‹S> ( )
(Am) 1.nd©V 2. PaZm 3. ZXr 4. Vmbm~ ( )
(B) 1.~mXb 2. new 3. Z^ 4. B§ÐYZwf ( )

(A) H${dVm ‘| Mm±X, gyaO, ZXr, nd©V,PaZm, no‹S>, ’y$b, Z^, B§ÐYZwf Am{X Ho$ ~mao
‘| CëboI hþAm h¡& A~ Amn {H$gmZ, AÜ¶mnH$, S>m°³Q>a, S>m{H$¶m Am{X eãX Ho$
X²dmam H${dVm AmJo ~‹T>mBE&
AJa Z hmoVo {H$gmZ, ...................................................
~VmAmo ’$gb CJmVm H$m¡Z? ...................................................
A
AJa Z hmoVo AÜ¶mnH$, ...................................................
AN
~VmAmo kmZ ’¡$bmVm H$m¡Z?
àe§gm
h‘mao OrdZ ‘| d¥jm| H$m ³¶m ‘hËd h¡?
G
n[a¶moOZm H$m¶©
N
B§ÐYZwf H$m {MÌ ~ZmBE EÁ{∫ GÃNz˛ ∫ÊTÁı N˛y \ÁåN˛Á∫y FN˛bΩeÁ N˛∫Nz˛ úÏÀoN˛ ™ı u¬uQL@
LA
^mfm H$s ~mV
ZrMo Xr J¶r n§p³V¶m± n{‹T>E&
TE
AJa Z hmoVr {Z‘©b Z{X¶m±

OJ H$s ß¶mg ~wPmVm H$m¡Z?
AJa Z hmoVo nd©V, ‘rR>o
T
PaZo ^bm ~hmVm H$m¡Z?

ER
D$na Xr J¶r H${dVm H$s n§p³V¶m| ‘| aoIm§{H$V eãX Z{X¶m| Am¡a PaZo H$s {deofVm
~VmZo Ho$ {bE Cn¶moJ ‘| bm¶o J¶o h¢& Eogo eãXm| H$mo "{deofU" H$hVo h¢& A~ ZrMo
{X¶o J¶o g§km eãXm| Ho$ {bE C{MV {deofU eãX gmoMH$a {b{IE&
SC
1. ........gyaO, 2. .........Mm±X, 3. ..........’y$b, 4. ........Amg‘mZ, 5. .......... B§ÐYZwf
³¶m ‘¢ ¶o H$a gH$Vm/gH$Vrhÿ? ± hm± (3) Zht (5)

2. H${dVm n‹T> gH$Vm/gH$Vr hÿ&±
3. H${dVm H$m ^md AnZo eãXm| ‘| ~Vm gH$Vm/gH$Vr hÿ&±
20
nR>Z hoVw Eogm ß¶mam Xoe h¡ ‘oam
~ÀMm| H$s ‘wgH$mZ {b¶o,

ha ’y$b Ohm± {IbVm h¡&
A
{OgHo$ Am§JZ ‘| ha H$moB©,
AN
h±gVo hþE {‘bVm h¡&&
Y‘© go ~‹T>H$a ‘mZdVm H$m,
G
‘mZ Ohm± na hmoVm h¡&
{OgHo$ Am±Mb ‘| ha H$moB©,
N
XþI ^wbmH$a gmoVm h¡&&
LA
nd©V Z{X¶m±, Prb, ~hma|,
H$U-H$U Ohm± bwQ>mVo h¢&
TE
{OgHo$ M‘Z ‘| ha H$moB©,

em§{V g§Xoe ’¡$bmVo h¢&&
T
‘mQ>r-‘mQ>r gwJ§Y bwQ>mVr h¡,

ER
gmoZm Ohm± na CJVm h¡&

{OgH$s N>m¶m ‘| ha H$moB©,
JrV Iwer Ho$ JmVm h¡&&
SC
Eogm ß¶mam Xoe h¡ ‘oam&

OJ ‘| ^maV g~go Ý¶mam&&
- amHo$e 'Va§J'

BH$mB© - II 5. YaVr H$s Am±I|
A
AN
N G
LA
TE
T
ER
àíZ …
SC
2. {Q>‘{Q>‘mZm, M‘H$Zm O¡go eãXm| H$m g§~Y

§ {H$ggo h¡?
3. BÝh| XoIH$a h‘ ³¶m gmoMVo h¢?

22
~hþV nwamZr ~mV h¡& EH$ amOm Wm& dh {ZË¶
Z¶o gnZo XoIVm& CÝh| nyam H$aZo H$m
à¶mg H$aVm& Xa~ma Ho$ JwUr Am¡a
~wX²{Y‘mZ bmoJm| H$mo gnZo gwZmVm& CÝh| nyam
H$aZo ‘| CZH$s ghm¶Vm boVm& gnZo nyam
A
H$aZo Ho$ {bE AnZo IµOmZo H$m ‘w±h
AN
Imob XoVm& g’$b hmoZo na CZH$mo
gå‘m{ZV H$aVm& Ag’$bVm na {Zame Zht
hmoVm ~pëH$ CZH$m CËgmh ~‹T>mVm& H${‘¶m| H$mo nyam H$aHo$
G
Xmo~mam à¶ËZ H$aZo H$mo ào[aV H$aVm&
amOm Ho$ ì¶dhma go g^r Iwe Wo& do amOm Ho$
N {bE g~ Hw$N> H$aZo H$mo V¡¶ma ahVo&
LA
Bgr H$maU amÁ¶ {XZ XÿZr amV Mm¡JwZr
CÝZ{V H$a ahm Wm& amOm Ho$ Zmd g‘wÐ
‘| hµOmam| ‘rb Xÿa OmVo& CgH$m ¶e
TE
’¡$bmVo& Z¶r ~pñV¶m± ~gmVo& ì¶mnma H$aVo&

Bg àH$ma Cg amOm H$m amÁ¶ Xÿa-Xÿa VH$ ’¡$b J¶m&
qH$Vw BgHo$ gmW-gmW amOm H$s H${R>ZmB¶m± ^r ~‹T>
T
J¶t& H$^r-
ER
SC

H$^r amOm H$m Zmd ¶m OhmµO Sy>~ OmVm ¶m
h‘bo H$m {eH$ma hmo OmVm Vmo Cgo Vwa§V gyMZm
Zht {‘b nmVr& Bgr Vah ¶{X {H$gr joÌ ‘|
H$moB© ^¶mZH$ pñW{V n¡Xm hmo OmVr ¶m H$ht
H$moB© CËgd Am{X hmoVm Vmo amOm Z Vmo Cgo XoI
A
nmVm Am¡a Z hr erK« OmZ nmVm& Eogo ‘| ghm¶Vm ôOZo
‘| ^r {db§~ hmoVm&
AN
EH$ {XZ amOm Mm±XZr amV H$m AmZ§X bo ahm
Wm& Mm±X H$mo XoIH$a dh gmoMZo bJm, H$me ‘¢
G
Mm±X VH$ nhþ±M nmVm& V~ ‘¢ dhm± ~¡R>H$a AnZo nyao
amÁ¶ H$mo AmgmZr go XoI boVm&
N
gmoMVo-gmoMVo amOm H$mo ZtX Am J¶r& CgZo
EH$ {d{MÌ gnZm XoIm& amOm H$mo bJm O¡go Mm±X H$s Xmo
LA
Am±I| h¢, ‘wh± h¡& Mm±X AnZr ~‹S>r-~‹S>r Am±Im| go BYa-CYa XoI
ahm h¡ Am¡a H$h ahm h¡, XoImo, dh Vwåhmar Zmd Mbr Om ahr h¡&
TE
Aao! g‘wÐ ‘| Vy’$mZ AmZo dmbm h¡& qMVm ‘V H$amo& ‘¢ A^r Vwåhmar
Zmd H$mo gy{MV H$aVm hÿ± {H$ dh AnZm ‘mJ© ~Xb b|& Aao! Vwåhmao amÁ¶ na {H$gr Zo h‘bm
{H$¶m h¡, erK« hr ghm¶Vm Ho$ {bE goZm ôOmo& dh XoImo, Vwåhmao amÁ¶ Ho$ nyd© ‘| CËgd
T
‘Zm¶m Om ahm h¡& Vah-Vah Ho$ Iobm| H$m Am¶moOZ hmo ahm h¡&
ER
amOm Zo gnZo ‘| hr Mm±X H$mo YÝ¶dmX {X¶m&

gw~h hþB©& g‘¶ na Xa~ma bJm& amOm Zo
SC
24
AnZm gnZm gwZm¶m& {’$a h±gVo hþE H$hm, gnZm em¶X gnZm hr ahoJm& amOm H$s
h±gr Ho$ nrN>o {N>nr {Zamem Am¡a XX© Zo Xa~m[a¶m| H$mo {dM{bV H$a {X¶m& EH$ d¥X²Y
Xa~mar Zo H$hm, ‘hmamO {Zame Z hmo& AmnH$m ¶h gnZm Adí¶ gM hmoJm&
{’$a EH$ {XZ Z amOm ahm, Z d¥X²Y Xa~mar& Yrao-Yrao g‘¶ ~rVVm J¶m&
Am{Ia dh {XZ Am hr J¶m O~ amOm H$m gnZm gM‘wM gM hmo J¶m& AmO g¡H$‹S>m|
A
H¥${Ì‘ CnJ«h n¥Ïdr H$s n[aH«$‘m H$a aho h¢& AmO AHo$bm Mm±X hr h‘mar YaVr H$s
Am±I Zht h¡& A§V[aj ‘| g¡H$‹S>m| H¥${Ì‘ CnJ«h M³H$a H$mQ> aho h¢, Omo H$B© Z¶r
AN
~mVm| H$s OmZH$mar h‘| XoVo h¢&
H¥${Ì‘ CnJ«h gM‘wM YaVr H$s M³H$a H$mQ>Vr Am±Im| Ho$ g‘mZ h¢& do g~
G
XoI boVo h¢& g‘wÐ ‘| CR>Vo Vyµ’$mZ, YaVr na hmoZo dmbo Vah-Vah Ho$ {dñ’$moQ>,
¶hm±-dhm± MbZo dmbo ^¶mZH$ ¶wX²Y& ¶hr Zht, do ‘m¡g‘ H$mo ~hþV nhbo nhMmZ
N
boVo h¢ Am¡a AmZo dmbo IVam| go gmdYmZ H$a XoVo h¢& A§V[aj VWm gm¡a‘§S>b Ho$
LA
J«hm| Ho$ ~mao ‘| OmZH$mar XoVo h¢ {OZgo BZ J«hm| H$s ¶mÌm H$m ‘mJ© V¡¶ma hmoVm h¡&
¶o nbH$ PnH$Vo g§Xoem| H$mo, {MÌm| H$mo Am¡a Q>obr{dµOZ H$m¶©H«$‘m| H$mo hµOmam| ‘rb
Xÿa nhþ±MmVo h¢&
TE
A~ do h‘mao {bE {ejH$ H$m ^r H$m¶© H$a aho h¢& Eogo {ejH$ Omo A§V[aj
‘| Ky‘Vo-Ky‘Vo h‘mao {H$gmZm| Am¡a ~ÀMm| H$mo Z¶r-Z¶r ~mV| {gIm aho h¢&
BZ CnJ«hm| H$s ZµOa ~‹S>r VoµO h¡& BZgo H$moB© ~mV {N>nr Zht ahVr& Bg{bE
T
BZgo ~{‹T>¶m Omgyg ^bm H$m¡Z hmo gH$Vm h¡&

ER
¶o g¡H$‹S>m| ‘rb H$s D±$MmB© go {MÌ ItMVo h¢ Am¡a eÌw H$s g¡{ZH$ V¡¶m[a¶m|
Ho$ ~mao ‘| OmZH$mar XoVo h¢&
H$me! AmO dh amOm hmoVm Vmo AnZm gnZm gM hmoVm XoI {H$VZm Iwe hmoVm&
SC

gwZmo-~mobmo
2. Bg nmR> H$m Zm‘ 'YaVr H$s Am±I|' ³¶m| aIm J¶m hmoJm?
n‹T>mo
A
(A) nmR> n{‹T>E& H$maU ~VmBE&
AN
1. amOm Ho$ ì¶dhma go g^r Iwe Wo, ³¶m|{H$ ................................................
2. CnJ«h gM‘wM YaVr H$s Am±I| h¢, ³¶m|{H$........................................
(Am) nmR> n{‹T>E& 'Bg{bE' eãX H$m à¶moJ H$aVo hþE dm³¶ {’$a go {b{IE&
G
O¡go - amOm Ho$ ì¶dhma go g^r Iwe Wo&
do amOm Ho$ {bE g~ Hw$N> H$aZo H$mo V¡¶ma Wo&
N
amOm Ho$ ì¶dhma go g^r Iwe Wo Bg{bE do amOm Ho$ {bE g~ Hw$N> H$aZo H$mo V¡¶ma Wo&
LA
1.Mm±X Zo amOm H$s ghm¶Vm H$s& amOm Zo YÝ¶dmX {X¶m&
2. BZ CnJ«hm| H$s ZµOa VoµO h¡& BZgo H$moB© ~mV {N>nr Zht ahVr&
TE
{bImo
1. amOm H$s OJh ¶{X Amn hmoVo Vmo ³¶m H$aVo?
T
2. gnZm| H$mo nyam H$aZo Ho$ {bE Amn ³¶m H$a|Jo?

ER
(Am) Bg nmR> H$m gmam§e AnZo eãXm| ‘| {b{IE&

eãX ^§S>ma
SC
(A) {ZåZ {b{IV eãXm| Ho$ n¶m©¶dmMr eãX {b{IE& dm³¶ à¶moJ H$s{OE&
1. à¶mg …
2. ¶e …
3. CËgd …
4. Mm±X …
26
(Am) H¥${Ì‘ CnJ«h h‘mar ghm¶Vm H$aVo h¢& do h‘| ³¶m-³¶m ghm¶Vm H$aVo h¢& ~VmBE&
O¡go - ‘m¡g‘ … h‘| ‘m¡g‘ H$s OmZH$mar XoVo h¢&
gyMZm … ..........................................
I{ZO … ..........................................
g‘mMma … ..........................................
A
AnZo gnZo Ho$ ~mao ‘| H${dVm H$s aMZm H$s{OE &
AN
àe§gm
nmR> ‘| ~Vm¶m J¶m h¡ {H$ A~ CnJ«h {ejH$ H$m ^r H$m‘ H$a aho h¢& do {ejH$ Ho$
G
ê$n ‘| ³¶m-³¶m H$m‘ H$a gH$Vo h¢, gmoMH$a {b{IE&
^mfm H$s ~mV N

LA
1. dh {ZË¶ Z¶o gnZo XoIVm&
2. AmnH$m ¶h gnZm Adí¶ gM hmoJm&
3. do g~ XoI boVo h¢&
TE
D$na {X¶o J¶o dm³¶m| ‘| dh, ¶h, do eãX g§km AWdm Zm‘ Ho$ ñWmZ na Am¶o
h¢& ì¶mH$aU H$s Ñ{îQ> go Eogo eãX gd©Zm‘ H$hbmVo h¢& ‘¢, h‘, Vy, Vw‘, Amn, ¶h, dh,
Omo, H$moB©, Hw$N>, H$m¡Z, ³¶m Am{X eãX ^r gd©Zm‘ Ho$ CXmhaU h¢&
T
gd©Zm‘ Ho$ N>h ôX h¢& do h¢ -

1. nwéfdmMH$ gd©Zm‘ … Bg gd©Zm‘ Ho$ VrZ ôX h¢-
ER
(A) CÎm‘ nwéf - ¶mZr ~mobZo dmbm

O¡go… ‘¢, h‘
(Am) ‘Ü¶‘ nwéf - ¶mZr gwZZo dmbm
SC
O¡go… Vy, Vw‘, Amn

(B) AÝ¶ nwéf - ¶mZr gwZZo ¶m ~mobZo dmbo
X²dmam AÝ¶m| Ho$ {bE Cn¶moJ ‘| bm¶o OmZo
dmbo eãX O¡go… Am‘ ‘rR>m ’$b h¡& ¶h
J‘u Ho$ ‘m¡g‘ ‘| {‘bVm h¡&
2. {ZíM¶dmMH$ gd©Zm‘ … Omo gd©Zm‘ eãX {H$gr {ZpíMV ì¶p³V AWdm dñVw
H$s Amoa {ZíM¶nydH© $ g§H$o V H$aVo h¢, do {ZíM¶dmMH$
gd©Zm‘ H$hbmVo h¢& O¡g…o Æ“ úÏÀoN˛ ™z∫y “{@
3. A{ZíM¶dmMH$ gd©Zm‘ … Omo gd©Zm‘ eãX {H$gr {ZpíMV ì¶p³V AWdm dñVw
H$s Amoa g§H$o V Zht H$aVo h¢, do A{ZíM¶dmMH$
gd©Zm‘ H$hbmVo h¢& O¡go… Amn Hw$N> ImBE&
4. g§~§YdmMH$ gd©Zm‘ … {Og gd©Zm‘ eãX go AJbo ¶m {nN>bo Cndm³¶
Ho$ g§km AWdm gd©Zm‘ H$m ~moY hmoVm h¡, Cgo
g§~§YdmMH$ gd©Zm‘ H$hVo h¢& O¡go… Omo H$ao
godm, gmo nmd¡ ‘odm&
A
5. àíZdmMH$ gd©Zm‘ … Omo gd©Zm‘ eãX àíZ nyN>Zo Ho$ {bE {H$¶m
AN
OmVm h¡, do àíZdmMH$ gd©Zm‘ H$hbmVo h¢&
O¡go… Vwåhmam Zm‘ ³¶m h¡?
6. {ZOdmMH$ gd©Zm‘ … Omo gd©Zm‘ eãX AnZonZ H$m ~moY H$amVo h¢,
do {ZOdmMH$ gd©Zm‘ H$hbmVo h¢& am‘y AnZo
G
Jm±d OmVm h¡&
A~ ZrMo {X¶o J¶o AZwÀN>Xo ‘| go VrZ gd©Zm‘ eãX Ty>{‹± T>E& CZ eãXm| H$m dm³¶ ‘| à¶moJ H$s{OE&
N
E.nr.Oo. AãXþb H$bm‘ Or H$mo Odmhabmb Zohé H$s Vah hr ~ÀMm| go H$m’$s bJmd
LA
Wm& do Ohm± ^r OmVo Wo, ~ÀMm| go Adí¶ {‘bVo Wo& CÝh| ñdßZ XoIZo Am¡a Cgo nyam H$aZo
H$m g§Xoe XoVo Wo& EH$ {XZ H$bm‘ Or {H$gr g^m H$mo g§~mo{YV H$a
~mha {ZH$b aho Wo, V~ CZH$s Ñ{îQ> EH$ N>moQ>r-gr ‘mgy‘ b‹S>H$s na
TE
n‹S>r, Omo CZHo$ hñVmja boZm MmhVr Wr& O~ H$bm‘ Zo Cg b‹S>H$s go

nyN>m, ""~oQ>r! Vwåhmam Zm‘ ³¶m h¡? Am¡a Vw‘ ³¶m MmhVr hmo?"" V~
Cg b‹S>H$s Zo AnZm Zm‘ ~VmVo hþE H$hm, ""‘¢ {dH${gV ^maV ‘| ahZm
T
MmhVr hÿ±&"" b‹S>H$s Ho$ Bg CÎma go do AË¶{YH$ à^m{dV hþE Am¡a

ER
'{dµOZ - 2020' Zm‘H$ nwñVH$ ‘| ^maV H$mo EH$ {dH${gV Xoe ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE CÝhm|Zo AZoH$
gwPmd {X¶o&
n[a¶moOZm H$m¶©
SC
Nw˛ufi™ GúT¿“Áı Nz˛ §Á∫z ™ı \ÁåN˛Á∫y FN˛bΩeÁ N˛yu\L@

28
BH$mB© - II 6. {Xëbr go nÌ
A
AN
N G
LA
TE
T
ER
àíZ …
SC
2. H$~yVa ³¶m H$a ahm h¡?

3. Bg {MÌ go h‘| ³¶m ‘mby‘ hmoVm h¡?


go³Q>a 9 E, ZB© {Xëbr,
utåÁÊN˛ : 10.5.2015
nyÁ¶ {nVmOr,
gmXa àUm‘!
h‘ nagm| gHw$eb {Xëbr nhþM± J¶o& h‘mar ¶mÌm
A
~hþV AÀN>r ahr& AÜ¶mnH$m| Zo h‘mam ~hþV Ü¶mZ aIm&
¶hm± ‘m¡g‘ AÀN>m h¡& H$b gw~h ZmíVm H$aHo$ h‘ g~
AN
bmoJ {Xëbr H$s g¡a Ho$ {bE {ZH$bo& g~go nhbo
h‘Zo Hw$Vw~ ‘rZma XoIm& ¶h
~hþV nwamZr B‘maV
h¡& Bgo
XoIH$a Vmo ‘¢
N G
LA
X§J ah J¶m& ~hþV
D± M r ‘rZma h¡ &
AÜ¶mnH$Or Zo h‘| ~Vm¶m
TE
{H$ Jwbm‘ d§e Ho$ àW‘ gwëVmZ

Hw$Vw~Xw X² rZ Eo~H$ Zo Bgo ~Zdm¶m Wm& BgH$s
D±$MmB© 280 ’w$Q> Ho$ H$ar~ h¡& BgHo$ D$na
T
nhþM± Zo Ho$ {bE 379 gr{‹T>¶m± h¢& BgHo$ D$na M‹T>Zo

na Mmam| Amoa H$m Ñí¶ ~hþV gwX§ a {XIm¶r XoVm h¡& dhm± go
ER
h‘ bmb {µH$bm nhþM± &o ‘oao AmíM¶© H$m {R>H$mZm Z Wm& ‘¢Zo Vmo Ho$db Bgo 26 OZdar
Am¡a 15 AJñV Ho$ {XZ hr Q>r.dr. na XoIm Wm& bmb {µH$bm Vmo bmb {µH$bm h¡& O¡gm
Zm‘ d¡gm {µH$bm& ¶h bmb nËWa H$m ~Zm hþAm h¡& ¶h EH$ ‘µO~yV Am¡a gwX§ a {µH$bm h¡&
SC
‘wJb ~mXemh emhOhm± Zo Bgo ~Zdm¶m Wm& ¶hm± na EH$ ñWmZ h¡- 'XrdmZ-E-˜mg'&
BgH$s Xrdma na ’$magr H$s n§p³V¶m± {bIr h¢, {OgH$m AW© h¡-¶{X g§gma ‘| n¥Ïdr na
H$ht ñdJ© h¡,Vmo dh ¶ht h¡, ¶ht h¡, ¶ht h¡& Bgr {µH$bo Ho$ nmg Om‘m ‘g{OX h¡& ¶h
^maV H$s g~go ~‹S>r ‘g{OX h¡& Bgo ^r H$bmào‘r emhOhm± Zo ~Zdm¶m Wm& ¶hm± na
hµOmam| H$s g§»¶m ‘| ‘wgb‘mZ ^mB© Z‘mµO n‹T>Vo h¢& nwamZo ^dZm| ‘| O§Va-‘§Va ^r XoIZo
bm¶µH$ h¡& Bgo O¶nwa Ho$ Zaoe {‘µOm© amOm O¶qgh Zo ~Zdm¶m Wm& Bg‘| Yyn K‹S>r h¡&
30
gy¶© H$s {H$aUm| Ho$ AmYma na ¶h ¶§Ì AmnH$mo ghr-ghr g‘¶ ~Vm XoVm h¡& hµOaV
{ZµOm‘wXX² rZ H$s XaJmh ^r Xe©Zr¶ ñWmZ h¡&
{Xëbr Ho$ AmYw{ZH$ ^dZm| ‘| amîQ´>n{V ^dZ VWm g§gX ^dZ CëboIZr¶
h¢& ¶hm± H$m B§{S>¶m JoQ>, AjaYm‘ ‘§{Xa, bmoQ>g Q>|nb, g§J«hmb¶ VWm {M{‹S>¶mKa
^r XoIZo ¶mo½¶ h¢& ¶hm± amOKmQ> na h‘Zo ~mny H$s g‘m{Y ^r XoIr& AÜ¶mnH$Or
Zo ~Vm¶m {H$ ¶‘wZm ZXr H$s JmoX ‘| ~gm ¶h eha ^maV H$s amOYmZr hr Zht
A
~pëH$ Xþ{Z¶m Ho$ à{gX²Y ZJam| ‘| go EH$ h¡& ¶h ZJa {H$gr H$m ^r ‘Z ‘moh boVm
AN
h¡& amV H$mo h‘Zo {Xëbr H$m {deof ì¶§OZ N>mobo-^Qy>ao Im¶m& ‘wPo Vmo ¶hm± ~hþV
‘µOm Am¶m& ‘¢ nagm| Ka bm¡Qy>±Jm&
‘mVm Or H$mo ‘oam àUm‘ Am¡a ~hZ OoZr H$mo ~hþV ß¶ma&
G
AmnH$m nwÌ
gZr N
LA
TE
T
ER
SC

gwZmo-~mobmo
1. nmR> Ho$ {MÌ Xo{IE& {H$gr EH$ Ho$ ~ma ‘| ~VmBE&
2. ¶h nÌ {H$gHo$ ~mao ‘| h¡?
¢
n‹T>mo
A
(A) nmR> H$m Xÿgam AZwÀN>Xo n{‹T>E& {Xëbr Ho$ {H$g ñWmZ Ho$ ~mao ‘| ~Vm¶m J¶m h¡? CgHo$
~mao ‘| Xmo dm³¶ {b{IE&
AN
(Am) nmR> Ho$ AmYma na ZrMo {X¶o J¶o dm³¶ Ho$ AJbo dm³¶ {b{IE&
O¡go - ¶h ~hþV nwamZr B‘maV h¡& Bgo XoIH$a ‘¢ X§J ah J¶m&
1. ¶h EH$ ‘µO~yV Am¡a gwX § a {H$bm h¡& ................................................
2. Bg‘| YynK‹S>r h¡& ................................................
G
3. ¶{X g§gma na H$ht ñdJ© h¡, ................................................
5. ‘oao AmíM¶© H$m {R>H$mZm Z Wm&

N
4. BgH$s D±$MmB© 280 ’w$Q> Ho$ H$ar~ h¡& .................................................
.................................................
LA
{bImo
TE
1. gZr Zo nÌ ³¶m| {bIm hmoJm?

2. ut¡¬y ™ı tzQåz ¬ÁÆN˛ N˛Á{åÃÁ ÀsÁå EXZÁ ¬TÁ EÁ{∫ MÆÁı ?
T
eãX ^§S>ma
ER
uå©å u¬uQo ∆£tÁı N˛Áz ƒÁMÆÁı ™ı üÆÁzT N˛yu\L@ Hw$Vw~ ‘rZma, Om‘m ‘g{OX, O§Va-‘§Va
EÁúNz˛ tΩƒÁ∫Á N˛y TÆy uN˛Ãy ÆÁfiÁ N˛y §Áo gÁÆ∫y ™ı u¬uQL@
SC
àe§gm
g¡a go ‘ZmoaO
§ Z Ho$ gmW-gmW Am¡a ³¶m bm^ h¢? ~VmBE&
^mfm H$s ~mV
(A) ZrMo {X¶o J¶o dm³¶ n{‹T>E&
{Xëbr ‘| ‘m¡g‘ AÀN>m h¡&
32
Hw$Vw~ ‘rZma nwamZr B‘maV h¡&
bmb {µH$bm bmb nËWa H$m ~Zm hþAm h¡&
¶h EH$ ‘µO~yV Am¡a gwX§ a {µH$bm h¡&
D$na {X¶o dm³¶m| ‘| AÀN>m, nwamZr, bmb, EH$, ‘µO~yV Am¡a gw§Xa O¡go eãX
g§km Am¡a gd©Zm‘ H$s {deofVm ~VmVo h¢& g§km ¶m gd©Zm‘ H$s {deofVm ~VbmZo dmbo
eãX {deofU H$hbmVo h¢& {deofU Ho$ Mma ôX h¢& do h¢-
A
1. JwUdmMH$ {deofU … Omo {deofU {H$gr g§km ¶m gd©Zm‘ Ho$ JwU, Xmof,
Xem, a§J, AmH$ma, pñW{V Am{X H$m ~moY H$amVo
AN
h¢, JwUdmMH$ {deofU H$hbmVo h¢&
O¡g…o am‘y AÀN>m b‹S>H$m h¡&
2. g§»¶mdmMH$ {deofU … Omo {deo f U dñVw H$s g§ » ¶m ~Vm¶| , do
G
g§»¶mdmMH$ {deofU H$hbmVo h¢&
O¡go… ‘¡XmZ ‘| VrZ b‹S>Ho$ h¢&
3. n[a‘mUdmMH$ {deofU … Omo {deofU g§km ¶m gd©Zm‘ Ho$ n[a‘mU H$m
N~moY H$amVo h¢, CÝh| n[a‘mUdmMH$ {deofU
H$hVo h¢& “™ §“Ïo ™z“åo N˛∫oz “¯@
LA
4. gmd©Zm{‘H$ {deofU … Omo {deofU gd©Zm‘ Ho$ ê$n ‘| ahH$a g§km H$mo
gy{MV H$aVo h¢, do gmd©Zm{‘H$ {deofU H$hbmVo
h¢& O¡go… h¡Xam~mX h‘mam eha h¡&
TE
(Am) nmR> ‘| Am¶o hþE VrZ {deofU eãX Ty>±‹{T>E& dm³¶ ‘| à¶moJ H$s{OE&
O¡go… úÏ∫Áåy - Æ“ §“Ïo úÏ∫Áåy F™Á∫o “{ @
1. .......................................................................
T
2. .......................................................................
ER
3. .......................................................................
n[a¶moOZm H$m¶©
SC
AnZo ‘Zng§X ñWmZ Ho$ {MÌ BH$Q²>R>m H$s{OE& CgHo$ ~mao ‘| Xmo-Xmo dm³¶ {b{IE&


BH$mB© - III 7. Ë¶m¡hmam| H$m Xoe
A
AN
N G
LA
TE
T
ER
àíZ …
SC
2. do EH$-Xÿgao go ³¶m H$h aho hm|J? o

3. Ë¶m¡hmam| H$m h‘mao OrdZ ‘| ³¶m ‘hËd h¡?
34
‘Z ^mdZ gmdZ AmVo hr,
h[a¶mbr N>m OmVr h¡&
amIr Ho$ {XZ ~{hZ Iwer go,
’y$br Zht g‘mVr h¡&
AmµOmXr Ho$ {Xdg {Va§Jm,
A
Ka-Ka na bhamVm h¡&
dra ehrXm| H$s JmWmE±,
AN
h‘H$mo ¶mX {XbmVm h¡&
AmVm ha df© Xeham,
G
hmoVo Iob V‘meo&
Xrnmdbr na Xrn-XmZ,
N
’w$bP{‹S>¶m± Irb ~Vmeo&
LA
^mB©Mmao H$m g§Xoem,
bo B©X ‘w~maH$ AmVr&
TE
‘rR>r-‘rR>r Ira, {gd¡¶m±,

g~Ho$ ‘Z H$mo ^mVt&
Iob-{Ibm¡Zo nmVo ~ÀMo,
T
{H«$g‘g Ho$ Cnhma&

ER
Ë¶m¡hmam| H$m Xoe h‘mam,

h‘H$mo Bggo ß¶ma&&
SC

gwZmo-~mobmo
2. H${dVm H$m erf©H$ AmnH$mo H¡$gm bJm Am¡a ³¶m|?
A
n‹T>mo
AN
(A) ZrMo {X¶o J¶o dm³¶m| Ho$ ^md ~VbmZo dmbo A§e H${dVm ‘| nhMmZH$a CÎma-nwpñVH$m ‘| {b{IE&
1. {Va§Jm P§S>m dra ehrXm| H$s ¶mX {XbmVm h¡&
G
2. B©X Ho$ Ë¶m¡hma ‘| ^mB©Mmao H$m g§Xoe hmoVm h¡&
(Am) ZrMo Xr J¶r n§p³V¶m± n{‹T>E&
N
^maV EH$ ~JrMo Ho$ g‘mZ h¡& ¶hm± H$m ha ZmJ[aH$ ‘wñHw$amVm hþAm ’y$b h¡&
{Og Vah ’y$bm| go ^rZr-^rZr gwJ§Y AmVr h¡, Cgr Vah ha ZmJ[aH$ Ho$ ¶moJXmZ
LA
go ¶h ~JrMm gwJ§{YV hmo CR>Vm h¡& ¶hm± g^r Y‘m] Ho$ bmoJ {‘bOwbH$a ahVo h¢&
EH$-Xÿgao Ho$ gwI-XþI ‘| ^mJ boVo h¢& ^maVr¶ g§{dYmZ Ho$ H$U©Yma S>m°. A§~oS²>H$a
Or H$m {dídmg Wm, "OmV-nm±V a{hV g‘-g‘mO go hr Xoe ‘| gwI Am¡a em§{V H$s
TE
ñWmnZm hmo gH$Vr h¡&" CZHo$ Bgr {dídmg H$m gmH$ma ê$n ^maVr¶ Ë¶m¡hma h¢& BZ
Ë¶m¡hmam| go ^maVr¶ g§ñH¥${V H$s J[a‘m {díd H$m ‘Z ‘moh boVr h¡&
A~ BZ àíZm| Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE&
T
1. ^maV {H$gHo$ g‘mZ h¡?

ER
2. S>m.° A§~S
o >² H$a Or Zo ³¶m H$hm Wm?
3. ^maVr¶ Ë¶m¡hmam| H$s ³¶m {deofVm h¡?
SC
{bImo
1. {H$gr Ym[‘©H$ Ë¶m¡hma Ho$ ~mao ‘| {b{IE&
2. 15 AJñV Ho$ ~mao ‘| Vw‘ ³¶m OmZVo hmo?

(Am) Bg H${dVm H$m gmam§e Xg n§p³V¶m| ‘| {b{IE&
36
eãX ^§S>ma
(A) ZrMo {X¶o J¶o Ë¶m¡hmam| Ho$ Zm‘m| go dm³¶ ~ZmBE&
g§H$« m§{V
A
AN
~¡gmIr ZdamoµO
Ë¶m¡hma
G
~wX²Y
a‘µOmZ N ny{U©‘m
LA
AmoU‘
TE
(A) nmR> ‘| Hw$N> Ë¶m¡hmam| Ho$ Zm‘ Am¶o h¢, O¡go- ajm~§YZ, ñdV§ÌVm {Xdg, Xeham,
T
Xrnmdbr, B©X {H«$g‘g Am[X& A~ Amn AnZo ‘Zng§X Ë¶m¡hma H$m {MÌ ~ZmBE&
CgHo$ ~mao ‘| nm±M dm³¶ {b{IE&
ER
àe§gm
SC
(A) nÆÁz“Á∫Áı Nz˛ ™“nƒ EÁ{∫ GúÆÁzuToÁ Nz˛ §Á∫z ™ı u¬uQL@
n[a¶moOZm H$m¶©
(A) Vwåhmao {‘Ì H$m¡Z-H$m¡Z-go Ë¶m¡hma ‘ZmVo h¢, nVm H$s{OE, Vm{bH$m ~ZmBE&

^mfm H$s ~mV
AÜ¶mnH$Or Zo ~Vm¶m {H$ ¶‘wZm ZXr H$s JmoX ‘| ~gm ¶h eha ^maV H$s
amOYmZr hr Zht ~pëH$ Xþ{Z¶m Ho$ à{gX²Y ZJam| ‘| go EH$ h¡& ¶h ZJa {H$gr H$m ^r
‘Z ‘moh boVm h¡&
A
amV H$mo h‘Zo {Xëbr H$m {deof ì¶§OZ N>mb o -o ^Qy>ao Im¶m& ‘wPo Vmo ¶hm± ~hþV ‘µOm Am¶m&
‘¢ nagm| Ka bm¡Q>y J± m&
AN
Bg AZwÀN>Xo ‘| h¡, Im¶m, bm¡Q>y J± m {H«$¶m eãX H$m‘ Ho$ hmoZo H$m g‘¶ ~VmVo h¢& Bgo hr
H$mb H$hVo h¢&
H$mb Ho$ ôX Bg àH$ma h¢ -
G
^yVH$mb - {H«$¶m Omo g§nÝZ hmo MwH$s h¡&
N
dV©‘mZ H$mb - {H«$¶m Omo g§nÝZ hmo ahr h¡&
^{dî¶ H$mb - {H«$¶m Omo g§nÝZ hmoZo dmbr h¡&
LA
(Am) nmR> ‘| go BZ H$mbm| H$mo ~VmZo dmbo eãX Ty>±‹T>H$a {b{IE&
TE

2. Bg Vah H$s H${dVmE±> n‹T>H$a g‘P gH$Vm/gH$Vr hÿ&±
T
3. H${dVm Ho$ eãXm| go dm³¶ ~Zm gH$Vm/gH$Vr hÿ&±

ER
{dMma-{d‘e©
SC
Y‘© h‘| CÎm‘ ì¶dhma H$aZm {gImVo h¢& h‘mao ñd^md d ì¶dhma ‘| h‘mao JwU
{XIm¶r XoVo h¢& Amn AnZo ghnm{R>¶m| ‘| H$m¡Z go JwU XoIH$a XmoñVr H$aVo h¢?
38
BH$mB© - III 8. Mmdb Ho$ XmZo
A
AN
N G
LA
TE
T
ER
àíZ …
2. H$m¡Z ³¶m H$a ahm h¡?
3. {H$gmZ Ho$ {ga na ~moPm XoIH$a Vwåh| ³¶m bJVm h¡?
SC


VoZmbram‘ VoZmbr Ho$ ahZo dmbo Wo& do ~hþV
MVwa Am¡a kmZr ì¶p³V Wo& ¶h KQ>Zm CZ {XZm|
H$s h¡, O~ CZH$s ‘wbmH$mV amOm lrH¥$îUXodam¶
go Zht hþB© Wr& EH$ {XZ do amOm H¥$îUXodam¶
go {‘bZo CZH$s amOYmZr h§nr nhþ±Mo& CÝhm|Zo
gwZm Wm {H$ amOm kmZr bmoJm| H$m ~‹S>m
A
AmXa, gËH$ma H$aVo h¢&
AN
VoZmbram‘ h§nr nhþ±Mo& CÝh|
amOXa~ma ‘| noe {H$¶m J¶m&
amOm Zo CÝh| EH$ H${dVm gwZmZo
G
H$mo H$hm& VoZmbr Zo EH$ g§wXa
H${dVm gwZm¶r& amOm H$mo
N CZH$s H${dVm ng§ X
LA
Am¶r& BZm‘
TE
T
ER
‘m±JZo
H$mo H$hm& CÝhm|Zo H$hm, ''‘hmamO, j‘m H$a|& ‘oam Amngo
SC
Ho$db EH$ {ZdoXZ h¡&''

amOm - ''H$hmo, ³¶m {ZdoXZ h¡?''
VoZmbram‘ amOm Ho$ gm‘Zo aIo eVa§O H$s {~gmV H$s Amoa Bemam H$aVo hþE
H$hm - ''‘hmamO! ¶{X Amn Mmdb H$m EH$ XmZm Cg eVa§O Ho$ nhbo ImZo ‘|
aI X| Am¡a ha AJbo ImZo ‘| {nN>bo ImZo H$m XþJZm aIVo Om¶|, Vmo ‘¢ Cgo hr
AnZm BZm‘ g‘Py±Jm&''
40
''³¶m Vwåh| ¶H$sZ h¡ {H$ Vwåh| ¶hr Mm{hE?, {gµ’©$ Mmdb Ho$ XmZo Mm{hE,
gmoZm Zht&''- ‘hmamO Zo AmíM¶© go nyN>m&
''hm±, ‘hmamO!''-VoZmbram‘ Zo {dZ‘«Vm go H$hm&
''Vmo Eogm hr hmoJm&''- ‘hmamO Zo godH$ H$mo AmXoe {X¶m& godH$m| Zo eVa§O
H$s {~gmV na Mmdb Ho$ XmZo aIZo ewé H$a {X¶o& nhbo ImZo ‘| EH$ XmZm, Xÿgao
A
‘| 2 XmZo, Vrgao ‘| 4 XmZo, Mm¡Wo ‘| 8 XmZo, nm±Md| ‘| 16 XmZo, Bg Vah {JZVr
~‹T>Vr J¶r& Xgd| ImZo VH$ nhþ±MZo na 512 XmZo µaIo J¶o Am¡a ~rgd| ImZo VH$
AN
nhþ±MZo na 5,24,288 XmZo aIo J¶o& Bg àH$ma eVa§O H$s AmYr {~gmV ¶mZr 32
ImZo VH$ nhþ±MZo VH$ XmZm| H$s g§»¶m 214 H$amo‹S> go ^r Á¶mXm VH$ nhþ±M MwH$s
Wr&
G
¶h Ñí¶ XoIH$a amOXa~ma ‘| g^r h¡amZ Wo& A§V ‘| ¶h pñW{V hmo J¶r {H$
‘hmamO Ho$ nmg AnZm nyam amO^§S>ma H$m AZmO hr VoZmbram‘ Ho$ hdmbo H$aZo Ho$
N
{gdm¶ H$moB© Xÿgam ‘mJ© Z ahm&
LA
V^r VoZmbr Zo CÝh| amoH$m Am¡a H$hm

TE
- ""‘hmamO! ‘¢ Amngo Hw$N> Zht

MmhVm& ‘¢ Vmo {gµ’©$ AmnH$mo {XImZm
‘
MmhVm Wm {H$ N>moQ>r-N>moQ>r MrµO| ^r

T
{H$VZr ‘hËdnyU© hmoVr h¢& EH$ ‘hmZ {dO¶

ER
hm{gb H$aZo Ho$ {bE nhbo H$X‘ CR>mZm

Amdí¶H$ h¡& ‘oar hm{X©H$ H$m‘Zm h¡ {H$ Amn
Bgr àH$ma AmJo ~‹T>Vo hþE Am¡a
SC
A{YH$ {dO¶ àmßV H$a|&""

¶h gw Z H$a amOm
lrH¥$îUXodam¶ VoZmbram‘ go ~hþV
Iwe hþE, {OgZo CÝh| Mmdb Ho$ EH$ XmZo go OrdZ
H$m ‘hËd g‘Pm {X¶m Wm& CÝhm|Zo Vwa§V VoZmbr H$mo
gå‘mZ Ho$ gmW AîQ>{X½JOm| ‘| em{‘b H$a {b¶m&
gwZmo-~mobmo
2. H$hmZr H$m erf©H$ AmnH$mo H¡$gm bJm Am¡a ³¶m|?
n‹T>mo
A
(A) ZrMo {X¶o J¶o dm³¶m| H$s Jb{V¶m± nhMm{ZE& ewXY² dm³¶ AnZr CÎma-nwpñVH$m ‘| {b{IE&
AN
1. EH$ {XZ do amOm AH$~a go {‘bZo CZH$s amOYmZr h§nr nhþ±Mo&
2. nhbo ImZo ‘| 8 XmZo aIo J¶o&
(Am) nmR> Ho$ AmYma na ZrMo Xr J¶r n§p³V¶m± ghr H«$‘ ‘| {b{IE&
G
1. VoZmbram‘ h§nr nhþ±Mo&
2. CÝhm|Zo Vwa§V VoZmbr H$mo gå‘mZ Ho$ gmW AîQ>{X½JOm| ‘| em{‘b H$a {b¶m&
N
3. ''hm±, ‘hmamO!''-VoZmbram‘ Zo {dZ‘«Vm go H$hm&
LA
{bImo
TE
1. VoZmbram‘ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd Ho$ ~mao ‘| {b{IE&

2. VoZmbram‘ H$s OJh ¶{X Amn hmoVo Vmo BZm‘ Ho$ ê$n ‘| ³¶m ‘m±JVo?
(Am) 'Mmdb Ho$ XmZo ' nmR> H$m gmam§e AnZo eãXm| ‘| {b{IE&
T
eãX ^§S>ma
ER
(A) ZrMo {X¶o J¶o g§»¶m-eãX n{‹T>E& g‘{PE JbV g§»¶m eãX na Jmobm bJmBE Am¡a ghr eãX {b{IE&
21 -B³H$sg 22 -~mB©g 23-VoB©g 24-Mm¡~rg 25 -n§Ðh
SC
26 -N>ã~rg 27 -gÎmmB©g 28-AR>mah 29-CZVrg 30 -Vrg
31 -BH$Vrg 32 -~mB©g 33-V¢Vrg 34-Mm¢Vrg 35 -n¢Vrg

36 -gmobh 37 -g¢Vrg 38-A‹S>Vrg 39-CZVmbrg 40 -Mmbrg
41 -BH$Vmbrg 42 -~¶mbrg 43-V¢Vmbrg 44-Mm¡Xh 45-n¢Vmbrg
46 -N>¶mbrg 47 -gÌh 48-A‹S>Vmbrg 49-CZMmg 50 -nMmg
42
(Am) BÝh| ^r g‘{PE&
100 = EH$ gm¡ 1000 = EH$ hµOma 10000 = Xg hµOma
100000 = EH$ bmI 1000000 = Xg bmI 10000000 = EH$ H$amo‹S
A
AN
(A) ZrMo {X¶o J¶o dmVm©bmn H$mo AmJo ~‹T>mBE&
VoZmbram‘ - ‘hmamO! àUm‘&
VoZmbram‘ - ............................................
G
lrH¥$îUXodam¶ - ............................................
lrH¥$îUXodam¶ -
N
àUm‘! ~VmAmo, Vw‘ H$m¡Z hmo?
LA
VoZmbram‘ - ............................................
lrH¥$îUXodam¶ - ............................................
TE
àe§gm
(A) VoZmbram‘ H$s ~wX²{Y‘Îmm Ho$ ~mao ‘| ~VmBE&
T
ER
n[a¶moOZm H$m¶©
(A) AnZr nmR>embm Ho$ nwñVH$mb¶ go VoZmbram‘ H$s EH$ Am¡a H$hmZr n{‹T>E Am¡a CgH$m
SC
^md gwZmBE&
^mfm H$s ~mV

VoZmbram‘ VoZmbr Ho$ ahZo dmbo Wo& do ~hþV MVwa Am¡a kmZr ì¶p³V Wo& ¶h
KQ>Zm CZ {XZm| H$s h¡, O~ CZH$s ‘wbmµH$mV amOm lrH¥$îUXodam¶ go Zht hþB© Wr& EH$
{XZ do amOm H¥$îUXodam¶ go {‘bZo CZH$s amOYmZr h§nr nhþ±Mo& CÝhm|Zo gwZm Wm {H$
amOm kmZr bmoJm| H$m ~‹S>m AmXa gËH$ma H$aVo h¢&
D$na {X¶o J¶o AZwÀN>oX go g§km, gd©Zm‘ Am¡a {deofU eãX Ty>±‹{T>E&
(Am) D$na {X¶o J¶o AZwÀN>oX go Ty>±‹T>H$a g§km, gd©Zm‘ Am¡a {deofU eãXm| H$mo dm³¶m| ‘|
à¶moJ H$s{OE&
A
AN
2. Bg Vah Ho$ nmR> >nT ‹ >H$a g‘P gH$Vm/gH$Vr hÿ&±
G
N
{dMma-{d‘e©
LA
H$B© ~ma bmoJ h‘| XoIH$a h‘mao eara/Mohao/a§J-ê$n H$m ‘µOmH$ ~ZmVo
h¢& {H$gr Vah go h‘ ZrMm {XImZo H$s H$mo{ee H$aVo h¢& Omo Eogm H$aVo h¢, do
AnZm ñd^md Am¡a M[aÌ h‘| {XIm aho h¢ CZH$s ~mVm| H$mo AZgwZr H$aZm hr
TE
AÀN>m h¡&
h‘ AnZo eara H$s aMZm Zht H$aVo& ¶h àH¥${V H$s XoZ h¡& h‘| a§J-
ê$n/Xoh na e‘©/Jd© Zht H$aZm Mm{hE& ~pëH$ AnZo ì¶dhma na H$aZm
T
Mm{hE&
h‘| bmoJm| H$m gå‘mZ CZHo$ ì¶dhma/~wX²{Y‘Îmm Ho$ AmYma na H$aZm
ER
Mm{hE& Z {H$ CZHo$ a§J-ê$n, gm‘m{OH$ ¶m Am{W©H$ ñVa H$mo XoIH$a&

Omo ì¶{³V AZw{MV H$m‘ H$aVm h¡& AnZo ’$m¶Xo Ho$ {bE Am¡am| H$mo
ZwH$gmZ nhþ±MmVm h¡, H$mZyZ H$mo Vmo‹S>Vm h¡, Cgo AnZo ì¶dhma na bÁOm AmZr
SC
Mm{hE; Z {H$ Cg ì¶p³V/~ÀMo H$mo, {Og na AË¶mMma {H$¶m J¶m hmo&
44
BH$mB© - III 9. ‘¢ {gZo‘m hÿ±...
A
AN
N G
LA
TE
T
ER
àíZ …
2. do ³¶m-³¶m H$a aho h¢?
3. ZmQ>H$ ‘| ³¶m ~Vm¶m Om ahm hmoJm?
SC


A
ß¶mao ~ÀMmo!
AN
Z‘ñVo& H¡$go hmo?
‘wPo Zht nhMmZm? H$moB© ~mV Zht&
G
''àmoOo³Q>a go ‘¢ MbVm hÿ±&
naXo na ‘¢ {XIVm hÿ±&
N
‘Zmoa§OZ g~ H$m H$aVm hÿ±&
OëXr ~VmAmo H$m¡Z hÿ± ‘¢?''
LA
em~me! Vw‘ Zo ghr ~Vm¶m& ‘¢ {gZo‘m hÿ±& Vw‘
g^r H$mo ‘wPo XoIZm AÀN>m bJVm h¡ Z! ‘wPo ^r Vw‘ go
TE
‘wbmH$mV H$aZm AÀN>m bJVm h¡& Nw>Q²>Q>r Ho$ g‘¶ ‘| ‘wPo

XoIZo Ho$ {bE CËgwH$ ahVo hmo Z! ‘wPo ^r Vwåh| AmZ§{XV
H$aZm AÀN>m bJVm h¡&
T
‘oam OÝ‘ {dXoe ‘| hþAm& qH$Vw ^maV ‘| ‘wPo bmZo

H$m lo¶ ‘oao {nVm‘h XmXm gmho~ ’$mëHo$ H$mo OmVm h¡&
ER
gZ² 1913 ‘| CÝhm|Zo amOm h[aíM§Ð Ho$ Zm‘ go ‘wPo

AmnHo$ gm‘Zo bm¶m& Xoe-{dXoe Ho$ g‘mMma nÌm| ‘| ‘oao
bm‹S>bo XmXm gmho~ ’$mëHo$ H$s Iy~ àe§gm H$s J¶r& ‘oar
SC
46
A
Iwer H$m {R>H$mZm Z ahm& CÝhm|Zo ‘oam ^{dî¶ CÁÁdb
AN
H$a {X¶m&
‘oar {H$VZr ^r àe§gm ³¶m| Z H$a|, qH$Vw ‘oam
{Z‘m©Vm Vmo ‘Zwî¶ hr h¡& Cgr Zo ‘wPo {ZOud go
G
gOrd ~Zm¶m& H$^r ‘¢ ‘yH$ Wm, Vmo CgZo ~mobZo H$s
j‘Vm â Xr& a§J â {X¶o& ‘oao OrdZ ‘| ~g§V â
{X¶m& N
LA
‘wP ‘| g^r ^md XoIZo H$mo {‘bVo h¢- ‘wP
‘| hmñ¶ h¡ Vmo XþI ^r h¡& ‘wP ‘| H$ënZm h¡, Vmo
àoaUm ^r h¡& qH$Vw ‘wPo ~ZmZo ‘| H$B© bmoJm| H$m
TE
¶moJXmZ hmoVm h¡&

H$hmZrH$ma EH$ AÀN>r H$hmZr {bIVm h¡&
‘
{Z‘m©Vm Cg H$hmZr H$mo IarXVm h¡& {Z‘m©Vm ‘wPo
~ZmZo go boH$a {gZo‘mKam| VH$ nhþ±MmZo dmbm
T
‘hËdnyU© ì¶p³V h¡&

ER
{Z‘m©Vm AnZo Bg H$m‘ H$mo nyam H$admZo Ho$

{bE {ZX}eH$ H$s ghm¶Vm boVm h¡& dmñVd ‘| ‘oam
H|$Ð q~Xþ Vmo {ZX}eH$ hr h¡& dh ‘oao {Z‘m©U go Ow‹S>o
SC

g^r bmoJm|, O¡go Zm¶H$-Zm{¶H$m, nmÌ, g§JrV {ZX}eH$, H$WmH$ma, g§dmX boIH$,
H¡$‘am‘oZ Am{X H$mo EH$ gyÌ ‘| ~m±Y H$a ‘wPo gmH$ma ê$n XoVm h¡& ‘wPo ~ZmZo ‘|
hµOmam| bmoJm| H$s ‘ohZV Ow‹S>r hmoVr h¡& ‘wP go CZH$s Or{dH$m MbVr h¡& CZH$s
‘ohZV na hr ‘oam ^{dî¶ {Z^©a H$aVm h¡&
~ÀMmo! ‘oar EH$ hr BÀN>m h¡& dh h¡ - g~H$mo Iwe XoIZm& Xþ{Z¶m ‘|
AÀN>mB© Am¡a ~wamB© XmoZm| ^r h¢& Cgr Vah ‘oao AÀN>o Am¡a ~wao XmoZm| ê$n h¢& ‘oam
A
{ZdoXZ h¡ {H$ ‘oar AÀN>mB© H$mo ñdrH$ma H$amo& ‘wPo {gZo‘mKam| ‘| hr XoImo&
AN
AmOH$b Hw$N> bmoJ ‘oam nmBaoQ>oS> (Mmoar H$s hþB© {’$ë‘) ê$n {XIm aho h¢& ‘wPo Bg
Vah go {~bHw$b Z XoImo& Bg Vah XoIZm ¶m {XImZm XmoZm| µH$mZyZZ AnamY h¡&
Bg{bE nmBaogr (Mmoar H$s hþB©) gr.S>r. Z Vmo IarXmo Am¡a Zm hr ~oMmo&
~ÀMmo! Vw‘ ‘wPo CVZm hr XoImo {OVZo go Vwåh| AmZ§X {‘bo& Amem H$aVm hÿ±
G
{H$ Vw‘ ‘oar ~mV Adí¶ ‘mZmoJo&
N
LA
TE
T
ER
SC
48
gwZmo-~mobmo
1. {MÌ Ho$ ~mao ‘| ~mVMrV H$s{OE&
2. {gZo‘m XoIZm AmnH$mo H¡$gm bJVm h¡? ³¶m|?
n‹T>mo
A
(A) nmR> ‘| Am¶o A§J«oµOr eãXm| Ho$ AW© eãXH$moe ‘| Ty>±‹{T>E& dm³¶ ‘| à¶moJ H$s{OE&
AN
O¡go … àmoO³o Q>a = àjonH$& àjonH$ H$s ghm¶Vm go naXo na {gZo‘m {XIm¶r XoVm h¡&
(Am) amOm h[aíM§Ð ^maV H$s nhbr ‘yH$ {’$ë‘ Wr& Cgr Vah nhbr ~mobVr {’$ë‘
Wr- 'Amb‘ Amam&' A~ ZrMo {XIm¶o J¶o nmoñQ>a Ho$ AmYma na àíZm| Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE&
G
A~ BZ àíZm| Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE&
N 1. {gZo‘mKa H$m Zm‘ ³¶m h¡?
LA
2. nmÌm| Ho$ Zm‘ ³¶m h¢?
3. {gZo‘m XoIZo H$m g‘¶ ³¶m h¡?

TE
4. ‘yH$ Am¡a ~mobVr {’$ë‘ ‘| ³µ¶m A§Va h¡?

Xmo dm³¶ {b{IE&
5.30, 6.00 10.30
T
ER
{bImo
1. {ZX}eH$ Am¡a {gZo‘m EH$-Xÿgao go H¡$go Ow‹S>o ahVo h¢?
SC
2. nmBaoQ>oS> {gZo‘m go Amn ³¶m g‘PVo h¢?

eãX ^§S>ma
(A) {ZåZ {b{IV eãXmo§ H$m dm³¶ ‘| à¶moJ H$s{OE&
1. ‘Zmoa§OZ …..................................................................................

2. CËgwH$ …..................................................................................
3. {dXoe …..................................................................................
4. lo¶ …..................................................................................
5. àe§gm …..................................................................................
6. ^{dî¶ …..................................................................................
A
7. CÁÁdb …..................................................................................
AN
(A) ZrMo Xr J¶r OmZH$mar go EH$ nmoñQ>a ~ZmBE&
G
{’$ë‘ H$m Zm‘ - ...................... (AnZm ‘Zng§X Zm‘ Xo gH$Vo h¢&)
àma§^ H$aZo H$s {V{W- ..................... (AnZm ‘Zng§X {XZm§H$ S>mbmo&)
nmÌm| Ho$ Zm‘ - N
..................... (AnZo ‘Zng§X nmÌm| Ho$ Zm‘ {bImo&)
LA
{ZX}eH$ H$m Zm‘ - .................. (AnZo ‘Zng§X {ZX}eH$ H$m Zm‘ {bImo&)
{gZo‘mKa H$m Zm‘ - ....................(AnZo ‘Zng§X {gZo‘mKa H$m Zm‘ {bImo&)
{gZo‘m H$s {deofVm - ....................(AnZr Amoa go {gZo‘m H$s {deofVm {bImo&)
TE
àe§gm
(A) AnZo ‘Zng§X {gZo‘m Ho$ ~mao ‘| {b{IE&
T
^mfm H$s ~mV

ER

''àmoOo³Q>a go ‘¢ MbVm hÿ±&
SC
naXo na ‘¢ {XIVm hÿ±&

‘Zmoa§OZ g~ H$m H$aVm hÿ±&
OëXr ~VmAmo H$m¡Z hÿ± ‘¢?''
D$na {X¶o J¶o AZwÀN>oX ‘| MbVm hÿ±, {XIVm hÿ±, H$aVm hÿ±, gmao eãX {H$gr
H$m‘ H$m hmoZm àH$Q> H$aVo h¢& Eogo eãX hr {H«$¶m eãX H$hbmVo h¢& {H«$¶m Ho$ Xmo àH$ma h¢&
do h¢-
50
1. AH$‘©H$ {H«$¶m 2. gH$‘©H$ {H«$¶m
1. AH$‘©H$ {H«$¶m … Ohm± H$Vm© Ho$ ì¶mnma H$m ’$b H$Vm© na n‹S>o Cgo AH$‘©H$ {H«$¶m
H$hVo h¢& O¡go … ‘¢ àmoOo³Q>a go MbVm hÿ±& "MbVm hÿ±" {H«$¶m H$m
ì¶mnma '‘¢' na n‹S> ahm h¡&
O¡go … 1. b‹S>H$m h±gVm h¡& 2. b‹S>H$m Xm¡‹S>Vm h¡&
A
2. gH$‘©H$ {H«$¶m … Ohm± H$Vm© Ho$ ì¶mnma H$m ’$b H$‘© na n‹S>o Cgo gH$‘©H$ {H«$¶m
AN
H$hVo h¢& O¡go … {Z‘m©Vm Cg H$hmZr H$mo IarXVm h¡& 'IarXVm
h¡' {H«$¶m H$m ì¶mnma H$‘© 'H$hmZr' na n‹S> ahm h¡&
O¡go … 1. amHo$e {MÌ ~ZmVm h¡& 2. b‹S>H$r amoQ>r ImVr h¡&
G
(Am) nmR> ‘| Am¶o hþE AÝ¶ VrZ {H«$¶m eãX Ty>±‹{T>E& dm³¶ à¶moJ H$s{OE&
N
O¡go … XoIZm - ‘¢ {gZo‘m XoIZm MmhVm hÿ±&
LA
n[a¶moOZm H$m¶©
(E) u“Êty Ã™ÁYÁ∫ Y{å¬ Nz˛ úÁÂY ™ÏPÆ Ã™ÁYÁ∫ u¬uQL@

TE
uƒYÁ∫-uƒ™∆|
O¡go nmBaogr J¡a-µH$mZyZr h¡, d¡go hr ì¶p³VJV gwajm Vmo‹S>Zm e‘©ZmH$ Am¡a X§S>Zr¶
T
h¡& BgHo$ {Ibmµ’$ {eH$m¶V XO© H$aZo Ho$ {bE 'MmBëS>bmBZ 1098' na µ’$moZ H$a
ER
gH$Vo h¢& Eogr n[apñW{V ‘| AmnH$mo ³¶m H$aZm Mm{hE?

SC

2. Bg Vah Ho$ nmR> >nT ‹ >H$a g‘P gH$Vm/gH$Vr hÿ&±

AmAmo H$a| EH$ à¶mg, Bg Jmobo ‘| Hw$N> h¡ Img&
Hw$N> nwñVH$ go, Hw$N> ~mha go, H$aZm h¡ Vw‘H$mo à¶mg&&
H$ht {dbmo‘ Vmo dMZ H$ht, qbJ ^r h¢ {bIo ¶ht&
A
aIZm Ü¶mZ gXm ¶hr, CÎma XoZm EH$X‘ ghr&&
AN
qbJ ~Xbmo Am¡a dMZ ^r ~Xbmo, g‘mZ AW© H$m Ü¶mZ ^r H$a bmo&
nVm Mbo Z O~ Vw‘H$mo Vmo, A§H$ {‘bmH$a gyMr n‹T> bmo&
N G
LA
TE
T
ER
SC
(CÎma Ho$ {bE n¥îR g§»¶m 72 XoImo&)>

52
BH$mB© - IV 10. AZ‘mob aËZ
A
ha EH$ AÀN>r ~mV
AN
A‘yë¶ hmoVr h¡&
N G
LA
qhXr
TE
T
ER
àíZ …
SC
3. í¶m‘nQ> na {bIo gwdMZ go Amn ³¶m g‘PVo h¢?


VwbgrXmg OrdZ H$mb
1532 - 1623
Vwbgr H$m¶m IoV h¡, ‘Zgm ^¶mo {H$gmZ& aMZmE±
nmn-nwÊ¶ XmoD$ ~rO h¡, ~wd¡ gmo bwZ¡ {ZXmZ&& am‘M[aV‘mZg Am{X&
^md… Vwbgr Or Ho$ AZwgma eara IoV Ho$ g‘mZ h¡ Am¡a ‘Z {H$gmZ Ho$ g‘mZ&
A
nmn Am¡a nwÊ¶ Xmo ~rO h¢, Omo ~mo¶m OmVm h¡, Cgr H$mo àmßV H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡&
AN
Vwbgr gmWr {dn{Îm, {dX²¶m-{dZ¶-{ddoH$&
gmhg, gwH¥${V, gwgË¶ d«V,am‘ âmogo EH$&&
^md… VwbgrXmg Or Ho$ AZwgma {dn{Îm Ho$ g‘¶ {ejm, {dZ¶, {ddoH$, gmhg,
G
AÀN>o H$m¶© Am¡a gÀMmB© hr gmW XoVo h¢&
N
LA
OrdZ H$mb
ahr‘ 1556 - 1626
TE
aMZmE±
{~Jar ~mV ~Z¡ Zqh, bmI H$amo {H$Z H$mo¶& ahr‘ gVgB© Am{X&
a{h‘Z ’$mQ>o XÿY H$mo, ‘Wo Z ‘mIZ hmo¶&&
^md… ahr‘ Or Ho$ AZwgma O~ ~mV {~J‹S> OmVr h¡ Vmo {H$gr Ho$ bmI à¶ËZ
T
H$aZo na ^r ~ZVr Zht h¡& {Og Vah EH$ ~ma XÿY ’$Q> OmVm h¡ Vmo Cgo ‘WZo
ER
na ^r ‘³IZ Zht ~ZVm&

~‹S>o ~‹S>mB© Z H$a¢, ~‹S>mo Z ~mob¢ ~mob&
SC
ahr‘Z hram H$~ H$h¡, bmI Q>H$m ‘oamo ‘mob&&

^md… ahr‘ Or Ho$ AZwgma Omo gM‘wM ~‹S>o hmoVo h¢, do AnZr ~‹S>mB© Zht {H$¶m
H$aVo& ~‹S>o-~‹S>o ~mob Zht ~mobm H$aVo& hram ñd¶§ H$^r Zht H$hVm {H$ CgH$m
‘mob bmI Q>Ho$ H$m h¡&
54
gwZmo-~mobmo
1. nmR> ‘| {X¶o J¶o {MÌ Ho$ ~mao ‘| ~mVMrV H$s{OE&
2. nmR> H$m erf©H$ AmnH$mo H¡$gm bJm Am¡a ³¶m|?
n‹T>mo
A
(A) ZrMo {X¶o J¶o dm³¶m| Ho$ ^md ~VbmZo dmbo A§e Xmohm| ‘| nhMmZH$a CÎma-nwpñVH$m ‘| {b{IE&
AN
1. h‘mam eara IoV Ho$ g‘mZ h¡&
2. bmI à¶ËZ H$aZo na ^r ~mV Zht ~ZVr h¡&
(Am) ZrMo Xr J¶r n§p³V¶m| Ho$ ~mX AmZo dmbr n§p³V {b{IE&
G
1. Vwbgr gmWr {dn{Îm - ..............................................................
2. ahr‘Z hram H$~ H$h¡ - ..............................................................
{bImo
N
LA
1. VwbgrXmg Zo eara H$s IoV d ‘Z H$s {H$gmZ go VwbZm ³¶m| H$s hmoJr?
TE
2. ahr‘ Ho$ Xmohm| Ho$ ^md AnZo eãXm| ‘| {b{IE&

(Am) "AZ‘mob aËZ " Xmohm| H$m ^md AnZo eãXm| ‘| {b{IE&
eãX ^§S>ma
T
ER
(A) Xmoho ‘| Am¶o Hw$N> eãX ZrMo {X¶o J¶o h¢& BZ eãXm| go EH$-EH$ dm³¶ ~ZmBE&
IoV {H$gmZ IoV ‘| H$m‘ H$aVo h¢&
SC
{dn{Îm
{dZ¶
XÿY
hram

(Am) ZrMo Xr J¶r n§p³V n{‹T>E& g‘pPE&
'bmI Q>H$m ‘oamo ‘mob&'
Bg n§p³V ‘| 'Q>H$m' eãX H$m à¶moJ {deof AW© Ho$ {bE hþAm h¡& nwamZo g‘¶ ‘| Q>Ho$
H$m ~‹S>m ‘hËd Wm& A§J«oOm| Ho$ g‘¶ ¶h ^maV H$s ‘wÐm Wr, {OgH$m ‘yë¶ Xmo AmZm
Wm& Bgr eãX na H$B© ‘whmdao ^r h¢, O¡go-
1. Q>H$m-gm ‘w±h boH$a ah OmZm& (CXmg hmoZm)
A
2. Q>Ho$-Q>Ho$ H$mo ‘mohVmO hmoZm& (Jar~ hmoZm)
AN
3. Q>H$m nmg Z hmoZm& (YZ H$s H$‘r hmoZm)
A~ Amn nVm bJmBE {H$ Q>H$m H$mo BZ ^mfmAm| ‘| ³¶m H$hVo h¢?
1. VobwJw- 2. H$ÝZ‹S>- 3. V{‘b- 4. ‘amR>r-
G
N
(A) nmR> ‘| ~Vm¶r J¶r Zr{V¶m| Ho$ AmYma na Zmao ~ZmBE>&
LA
àe§gm
(A) VwbgrXmg Am¡a ahr‘ Ho$ Xmohm| H$m h‘mao OrdZ ‘| ³¶m ‘hËd h¡?
TE
^mfm H$s ~mV

(A) n{‹T>E - g‘pPE&
{H$gmZ - {ZXmZ ~wd¡ - bwZ¡ {ddoH$ - EH$
T
H$mo¶ - hmo¶ H$a¢ - H$h¢ ~mob - ‘mob

ER
(Am) D$na {X¶o J¶o eãXm| ‘| go {H$Ýht Xmo eãXm| go dm³¶ à¶moJ H$s{OE&
n[a¶moOZm H$m¶©
SC
Vwbgr Am¡a ahr‘ Ho$ AÝ¶ Xmoho Ty>±‹{T>E& CÝh| {b{IE Am¡a H$jm ‘| bJmBE>&

1. Xmoho Jm gH$Vm/gH$Vr hÿ&±
2. BZ Xmohm| H$m ^md ~Vm gH$Vm/gH$Vr hÿ&±
3 H${d Ho$ ~mao ‘| ~Vm Am¡a {bI gH$Vm/gH$Vr hÿ&±
56
BH$mB© - IV 11. hma Ho$ AmJo OrV h¡
A
AN
N G
LA
TE
T
ER
àíZ …
SC

3. Bgo XoIZo na h‘mao ‘Z ‘| ³¶m {dMma CR>Vo h¢?

VZ, ‘Z d AmË‘m go Omo ‘µO~yV hmoVm h¡, g’$bVm CgHo$ µH$X‘ My‘Vr h¡&
ep³V Ho$ {bE emar[aH$ V§XwéñVr Mm{hE, {ZpíMV n[apñW{V ‘| g‘` na AnZm
àXe©Z H$aZoo Ho$ {bE ‘mZ{gH$ gÝVwbZ Mm{hE d ‘yë`m| Ho$ AZwê$n OrZo hoVw
AmË‘-~b Mm{hE& BZ VrZm| hr àH$ma H$s j‘VmAm| H$m Xÿgam Zm‘ hr '{dë‘m
½bmo{S>¶Z éS>më’$' h¡&
A‘o[aH$m Ho$ Q>oZogr àmÝV ‘| EH$ aobdo ‘µOXÿa Ho$ Ka ‘| 23 OyZ, 1940 ‘|
A
{dë‘m Zo OÝ‘ {b`m, {OgH$s ‘m±§ Ka-Ka OmH$a Pm‹Sz>-nmoN>m bJmVr Wr& dh Zm¡
df© VH$ µO‘rZ na H$^r nm±d aI H$a Zht Mb gH$s, ³¶m|{H$ CgH$mo Mma df© H$s
AN
C‘« ‘| nmo{b¶mo hmo J`m Wm& V~ go dh ~¡gm{I¶m| Ho$ ghmao MbVr Wr& S>m°ŠQ>am| Zo
Odm~ Xo {X¶m Wm {H$ dh H$^r ^r
µO‘rZ na AnZo µH$X‘ grYo Zht aI
G
nmòJr&
CgH$s ‘m± ~‹ S >r Y‘© n amÙ,N
gH$mamË‘H$ ‘Zmod{¥ Îm dmbr gmhgr ‘{hbm
LA
Wr& ‘m±§ H$s AmXe©dmXr ~mV| gwZ H$a
{dë‘m Zo H$hm, ""‘m±§, ‘¢ Š`m H$a gH$Vr
hÿ± O~{H$ ‘¢ Mb hr Zht nmVr hÿ±?''
TE
""‘oar ~oQ>r, Vw‘ Omo Mmhmo àmßV H$a gH$Vr

hmo&'' ‘m± Zo AmË‘{dídmg Ho$ gmW H$hm&
""Š`m ‘¢ Xw{Z`m H$s g~go VoO YmdH$ ~Z
gH$Vr hÿ±?'', {dë‘m Zo VwaV§ àíZ {H$¶m&
T
""Š`m| Zht ‘oar ~oQ>r, ‘wPo VwP na nyam {dídmg h¡&'', ‘m± Zo Ñ‹T> {dídmg Ho$ gmW H$hm&
ER
""H¡$go? O~{H$ S>m°ŠQ>am| Ho$ AZwgma ‘oao {bE Mb nmZm g§^d Zht h¡&'', {dë‘m Zo
H$éU ñda ‘| H$hm&
""B©ída ‘| {dídmg, ñd`§ na âmogm, ‘ohZV Am¡a bJZ go Vw‘ Omo Mmhmo dh àmßV
SC
H$a gH$Vr hmo&'', ‘m± Zo ¶h H$hVo hþE Cgo JmoX ‘| CR>m {b¶m&
‘m± H$s àoaUm d {hå‘V go 9 df© H$s {dë‘m Zo ~¡gm{I¶m± CVma ’|$H$s d
MbZm àmaå^ {H$`m& AMmZH$ ~¡gm{I¶m± CVma XoZo Ho$ ~mX MbZo Ho$ à`mg ‘| H$B©
~ma µO»‘r hmoVr ahr, XX© PobVr ahr; bo{H$Z CgZo {hå‘V Zht hmar Am¡a H$moB©
ghmam Zht {b`m& Am{IaH$ma EH$ gmb Ho$ ~mX dh {~Zm ~¡gm{I¶m| Ho$ MbZo ‘|
H$m‘`m~ hmo J¶r& Bg àH$ma AmR>dt H$jm ‘| AmVo-AmVo CgZo AnZr nhbr Xm¡‹S>
à{V`mo{JVm ‘| {hñgm {b`m Am¡a dh g~go nrN>o ahr& CgHo$ ~mX Xygar, Vrgar,
58
Mm¡Wr Xm¡‹S> à{V`mo{JVmAm| ‘| {hñgm boVr ahr Am¡a h‘oem AmpIar ñWmZ na AmVr
ahr& bo{H$Z dh nrN>o Zht hQ>r& {ZaÝVa Xm¡‹S> à{V`mo{JVmAm| ‘| ^mJ boVr ahr, Am¡a
A§V ‘| CgZo EH$ {XZ à{V`mo{JVm ‘| àW‘ ñWmZ àmßV H$a {b`m&
15 df© H$s C‘« ‘| {dë‘m Q>oZogr ñQ>oQ> {díd{dX²¶mb¶ J`r, Ohm± dh ES> Q>|nb
Zm‘ Ho$ EH$ H$moM go {‘br& {dë‘m Zo AnZr `h BÀN>m ì¶³V H$s {H$ ‘¢ Xw{Z`m H$s
g~go VoO Ym{dH$m ~ZZm MmhVr hÿ±& V~ Q>|nb Zo H$hm, ""Vwåhmar Bgr BÀN>mep³V
A
H$s dOh go H$moB© ^r Vwåho Zht amoH$ gH$Vm, Am¡a gmW ‘| ‘¢ ^r Vwåhmar ‘XX
H$ê±$Jm& Xm¡‹S> H$s H$bm ‘¢ Vwåh| {gImD±$Jm&''
AN
AmpIa dh {XZ Am`m O~ {dë‘m AmobpånH$ ‘| {hñgm bo ahr Wr&
AmobpånH$ ‘| Xw{Z`m Ho$ g~go VoO Xm¡‹S>Zo dmbm| go ‘wH$m~bm H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡& {dë‘m
H$m ‘wH$m~bm OwÎmm hoZ go Wm, {Ogo H$moB© ^r ham Zht nm`m Wm& nhbr Xm¡‹S> 100
G
‘rQ>a H$s Wr& Bg‘| {dë‘m Zo OwÎmm H$mo ham H$a AnZm nhbm ñdU© nXH$ OrVm&
Xygar Xm¡‹S> 200 ‘rQ>a H$s Wr& Bg‘| ^r {dë‘m Zo OwÎmm H$mo Xygar ~ma ham`m Am¡a
N
CgZo Xygam ñdU© nXH$ OrVm& Vrgar Xm¡‹S> 400 ‘rQ>a H$s [abo aog Wr Am¡a {dë‘m
LA
H$m ‘wH$m~bm EH$ ~ma {’$a OwÎmm go hr Wm& [abo ‘| aog H$m AmpIar {hñgm Q>r‘ H$m
g~go VoO {Ibm‹S>r> hr Xm¡‹S>Vm h¡& {dë‘m H$s Q>r‘ Ho$ VrZ bmoJ [abo aog Ho$
ewê$AmVr VrZ {hñgo ‘| Xm¡‹S>o Am¡a AmgmZr go ~oQ>Z ~Xbr& O~ {dë‘m Ho$ Xm¡‹S>Zo H$s
TE
~mar AmB©, Cggo ~oQ>Z Ny>Q> J`r& bo{H$Z {dë‘m Zo XoI {b`m {H$ Xÿgao N>moa na
OwÎmm hoZ VoµOr go Xm¡‹S>r Mbr Am ahr h¡& {dë‘m Zo {Jar hþB© ~oQ>Z CR>m`r Am¡a ¶§Ì
H$s Vah VoµOr go Xm¡‹S>r VWm OwÎmm H$mo Vrgar ~ma ^r ham`m Am¡a AnZm Vrgam ñdU©
nXH$ OrVm& `h ~mV B{Vhmg Ho$ nÝZm| ‘| XO© hmo J`r
T
{H$ EH$ nmo{b¶moJ«ñV ‘{hbm 1960 Ho$ amo‘ AmobpånH$ ‘|

ER
Xw{Z`m H$s g~go VoO YmdH$ ~Z J`r&

`h CgHo$ H$R>mao n[al‘ H$m hr n[aUm‘ Wm {H$
CgZo 1960 Ho$ amo‘ Amo{bpånH$ ‘| 100 d 200 ‘rQ>a H$s
SC
Xm¡S‹ > Am¡a 400 ‘rQ>a H$s [abo Xm¡S‹ > ‘| ñdU© nXH$ OrVo&
Am¡a EH$ hr Amo{bpånH$ ‘| VrZ ñdU© nXH$ OrVZo dmbr
nhbr A‘o[aH$s EWbrQ> ~Zr& amo‘ go bm¡Q>Zo na nyam
A‘o[aH$m Cg b‹S>H$s Ho$ ñdmJV ‘| I‹S>m Wm, Omo H$^r AnZo n¡am| na ^r I‹S>r Zht hmo
gH$Vr Wr& CÝht Ho$ ~rM ‘| Wr CgH$s ‘m±, {OgH$s dOh go AmO dh Bg ‘wH$m‘ na
nhþM± r Wr&

gwZmo-~mobmo
1. nmR> H$m erf©H$ H¡$gm bJm Am¡a ³¶m|?
2. emar[aH$ ê$n go H$‘µOmoa bmoJm| H$mo {H$Z H${R>ZmB¶m| H$m gm‘Zm H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡?
n‹T>mo
A
(A) ZrMo {X¶o J¶o dm³¶ n{‹T>E& {H$gZo H$hm ~VmBE&
AN
dm³¶ {H$gZo H$hm?
(A) ‘¢ Š`m H$a gH$Vr hÿ± O~{H$ ‘¢ Mb hr Zht nmVr hÿ±?
G
(Am) Xm¡‹S> H$s H$bm ‘¢ Vwåh| {gImD±$Jm&
(B) µO‘rZ na AnZo H$X‘ grYo Zht aI nmòJr&
N
(Am) {MÌ Xo{IE& Cggo Ow‹S>o dm³¶ nmR> ‘| Ty>±‹{T>E& aoIm§{H$V H$s{OE&
LA
TE
T
{bImo
ER

1. {dë‘m H$s ‘m± Zo Cgo àoaUm Zht Xr hmoVr Vmo ³¶m hmoVm? gmoMH$a {bImo&
SC
2. {dë‘m H$m OrdZ àoaUmXm¶H$ h¡& H¡$go?

eãX ^§S>ma
(A) AW© {b{IE&
O¡‹go- YmdH$ - Omo VoµO Xm¡‹S>Vm h¡, Cgo YmdH$ H$hVo h¢&
60
Amob§{nH$, [abo Xm¡‹S>, ~oQ>Z, nmo{b¶mo
(Am) ^maVr¶ Amob{§ nH$ {dOoVmAm| Ho$ {MÌ XoImo& {H$gr EH$ Ho$ ~mao ‘| {b{IE&
n[a¶moOZm H$m¶©
Vw‘ AnZo ‘Zng§X {Ibm‹S>r Ho$ ~mao ‘| ZrMo Xr J¶r OmZH$m[a¶m± {bImo&
A
1. {Ibm‹S>r H$m Zm‘, 2. Iob, 3. {H$VZo dfm] go Iob ahm h¡?,4. gå‘mZ, 5. ³¶m| ng§X h¡?
AN
N G
LA
àe§gm
Iob ‘| hma-OrV bJr ahVr h¡& hma Ho$ à{V Amn H¡$gr à{V{H«$¶m ì¶³V H$a|Jo?
TE
{dë‘m H$m gmjmËH$ma boZo Ho$ {bE EH$ àíZmdbr V¡¶ma H$s{OE&
T
^mfm H$s ~mV

ER
aoIm§{H$V eãX Ho$ ñWmZ na ~oQ>m, ^mB©, ~hZ, {‘Ì, N>mÌ eãXm| H$m à¶moJ H$aVo hþE
dm³¶ {’$a go {b{IE&
SC
""‘oar ~oQ>r, Omo Vw‘ Mmhmo àmßV H$a gH$Vr hmo&''

O¡go… ""‘oao ~oQ>o, Omo Vw‘ Mmhmo àmßV H$a gH$Vo hmo&""

BH$mB© - IV 12. ~‹T>Vo µH$X‘
A
AN
N G
LA
TE
T
ER
àíZ …
1. {MÌ ‘| {XIm¶r Xo aho ‘hmnwéf H$m Zm‘ ~VmAmo&
SC

3. Vwåh| {bIZm H¡$gm bJVm h¡? AnZo eãXm| ‘| ~VmAmo&

62
20 {gV§~a, 2012
Jwédma
AmO ‘m± H$s V~r¶V Hw$N> R>rH$ h¡& gw~h O~ ‘¢ CR>r Vmo
XoIm {H$ do H$m‘ na {ZH$b MwH$s¨ Wt& EH$ gßVmh goo ‘¢ nmR>embm
Zht J¶r Wr - ‘m± H$m H$m‘ Omo H$aZm n‹S>Vm Wm& AmO ‘¢
nmR>embm OmZm MmhVr Wr& nVm Zht JwéOr Zo ³¶m-³¶m n‹T>m {X¶m
A
hmoJm? Am¡a {’$a ‘‘Vm, a{d, e‘r‘ go ^r Vmo H$B© {XZm| go Zht {‘br&
na XrXr Zo H$hm {H$ ‘m± H$s ~r‘mar Ho$ ~mX AmO H$m‘ na OmZo H$m
AN
CZH$m nhbm {XZ h¡& Bg{bE Vy ¶hm± ahH$a ‘oar ‘XX H$a& d¡go Vmo
‘¢ XrXr H$s ghm¶Vm h‘oem H$aVr hÿ&± Omo ^r hmo H$m‘ Á¶mXm hmoZo Ho$
H$maU AmO ‘¢ ñHy$b Zht Om nm¶r& H$m‘ H$aVo-H$aVo {XZ H¡$go JwO µ a
J¶m, BgH$m nVm hr Zht Mbm&
N G
21 {gV§~a, 2012
ewH«$dma
LA
AmO O~ ‘¢ ñHy$b Ho$ {bE {ZH$br Vmo hëH$m-hëH$m nmZr {Ja
ahm Wm& ~m[ae éH$Zo VH$ Xoa hmo J¶r& g‘¶ XoIm Vmo Xg ~O
MwHo$ Wo& ‘¢ ~¡J boH$a nmR>embm H$s Amoa ^mJr& {’$a ^r Xoa hmo
TE
J¶r& g~ AnZo-AnZo H$m‘ ‘| bJ MwHo$ Wo&

bmo‘S‹ >r H$s H$hmZr {bIZr Wr& ‘wPo Vmo Hw$N> g‘P ‘| Zht Am ahm
Wm {H$ ³¶m H$aZm h¡& nhbo S>a Ho$ ‘mao nyN>m Zht& {’$a WmoS‹ >r Xoa
~mX nyN>m Vmo AÜ¶m{nH$m Or Zo ‘oar Amoa XoIVo hþE nyN>m -
T
"g‘rZm! H$b Vw‘ ³¶m| Zht Am¶r?" Vmo ‘¢Zo CÝh|

ER
nmR>embm Z AmZo H$m H$maU ~Vm¶m& V~ CÝhm|Zo

‘wPo ha {XZ nmR>embm AmZo Ho$ {bE g‘Pm¶m&
{’$a H$hmZr n‹T>Zo H$mo H$hm& ‘¢ n‹T>Zo bJr& ‘µOXo ma
bJr& ‘¢ Vmo n‹T> hr ahr Wr na í¶m‘ Am¡a
SC
gm¶Zm Zo Vmo AnZr H$hmZr CÎma-nwpñVH$m

‘| {bI ^r br Wr& do AÜ¶m{nH$m
Or H$mo {XImZo bJo&
a{d Am¡a Ba’$mZ

EH$-Xÿgao Ho$ ~mb ItM aho Wo& AÜ¶m{nH$m Or Zo CÝh| S>mQ§ >m&
BVZo ‘| Xg {‘ZQ> H$s Nw>Q>² Q>r hmo J¶r& ‘¢Zo e‘r‘ Am¡a ‘‘Vm go Iy~ gmar
~mV| H$s& em‘ H$mo Iy~ Iobm& {XZ H¡$go ~rV J¶m ¶h nVm hr Zht Mbm&
A
22 {gV§~a, 2012
e{Zdma
AN
AmO ‘¢ nmR>embm g‘¶ na nhþ±M J¶r& nmR>embm ‘| nmR>embm g{‘{V H$s
~¡R>H$ Wr& gan§M Or ^r Am¶o Wo& h‘ g~ H$mo ~am‘Xo ‘| {~R>m¶m J¶m&
àYmZmÜ¶mnH$ Or Am¡a gan§M Or Zo ~mar-~mar h‘go ~mVMrV H$s& àYmZmÜ¶mnH$
G
Or Zo ~Vm¶m {H$ ^maV gaH$ma ~ÀMm| Ho$ {bE {ejm H$m A{YH$ma H$mZyZ 1
Aà¡b, 2010 go A‘b H$a ahr h¡& Bg µH$mZyZ Ho$ AZwgma 6 go 14 df© Ho$ g^r
~ÀMm| H$mo {ZewëH$ Am¡a A{Zdm¶© ê$n go {ejm nmZo H$m A{YH$ma h¡& CÝh| AnZr
N
n‹T>mB© Ho$ {bE EH$ n¡gm ^r IM© Zht H$aZm hmoJm& ^maV gaH$ma ha ~ÀMo Ho$ Mohao
na Iwer XoIZm MmhVr h¡& V^r gm¶Zm Zo àYmZmÜ¶mnH$ Or go nyN>m -""gaH$ma
LA
h‘mao {bE Am¡a ³¶m gw{dYmE± Xo ahr h¡?"" Vmo àYmZmÜ¶mnH$ Or Zo CgHo$
àíZ H$s àe§gm H$s& AmJo CÝhm|Zo H$hm {H$ gaH$ma nm¡{îQ>H$ ^moOZ, ~m{bH$m
{ejm, no¶Ob H$s gw{dYm, Iob gm‘J«r, Iob H$m ‘¡XmZ, nmofmH$, {ZewëH$ nmR²>¶-
TE
nwñVH|$ Am¡a {d{dY àH$ma H$s gw{dYmE±, àmoËgmhZ Am{X Xo ahr h¡& gaH$ma MmhVr h¡
{H$ ^maV H$m ha ZmJ[aH$ n‹T>m-{bIm ~Z§&o gm¡ à{VeV gmjaVm Xa àmßV H$a|&
gaH$ma H$m Zmam h¡ - "g~ n‹T>| - g~ ~‹T>&| " {Og {XZ ^maV H$m ha ~ÀMm
{e{jV hmoH$a AÀN>m ZmJ[aH$ ~ZoJm, Cgr {XZ h‘mao ‘hmnwéfm| Ho$ gnZo
T
gmH$ma hm|Jo& O¶qhX&""

àYmZmÜ¶mnH$ Or H$s ~mV| gwZH$a h‘ g~Zo Vm{b¶m±
ER
~Om¶t& AmO ‘¢ ~hþV Iwe Wr& ‘¢Zo Ka bm¡Q>H$a ‘mVm-

{nVm Am¡ a XrXr H$mo àYmZmÜ¶mnH$ Or
H$s H$hr gmar ~mV| ~Vm¶t&
SC
{dMma-{d‘e©
~ÀMm| H$r gwajm H$o$ {bE gaH$ma Zo POCSO H$mZyZ ~Zm¶m& {Og‘| ~ÀMm| H$mo V§J H$aZo,
emar[aH$ Am¡a ì¶p³VJV {Z¶‘ Vmo‹S>Zo na H$B© gmb H$s gµOm h¡& ¶{X H$moB© OmZ~yPH$a BÝh|
Vmo‹S>o Vmo h‘mam Xmof Zht& Cgo h‘ "Zht', 'éH$mo" H$h gH$Vo h¢& ‘m¡H$m {‘bZo na Xÿa OmH$a
{H$gr âmogo‘§X ~‹S>o ì¶p³V H$s ghm¶Vm go Agwa{jV ì¶p³V go ~M gH$Vo h¢& Eogo
Agwa{jV ì¶p³V H$mo CgHo$ ì¶dhma na e{‘ªXJr hmoZr Mm{hE& BÝh| amoH|$& Eogo H$m¡Z-H$m¡Z
go gwa{jV ì¶p³V h¢ {OZgo Vw‘ ghm¶Vm bo gH$Vo hmo?
64
gwZmo-~mobmo
1. Bg S>m¶ar H$s KQ>ZmAm| Ho$ AmYma na ~VmAmo g‘rZm H¡$gr b‹S>H$s h¡?
2. g‘rZm Ho$ nmR>embm Z OmZo Ho$ ³¶m H$maU hmo gH$Vo h¢?
n‹T>mo
A
(A) ZrMo {X¶o J¶o dm³¶ n{‹T>E& BZHo$ AW© dmbo dm³¶ nmR> ‘| aoIm§{H$V H$s{OE&
AN
1. ‘¢ AnZo {‘Ìm| go {‘bZm MmhVr hÿ±&
2. ^¶ Ho$ H$maU nyN> Z gH$s&
(Am) ZrMo {X¶o J¶o dm³¶m| ‘| JbV eãX nhMmZH$a ghr {b{IE&
G
1. AmO ‘¢ nmR>embm IobZm MmhVr h¡&
N
2. gaH$ma H$m Vmam h¡- "g~ n‹T>| - g~ ~‹T>"|
{bImo
LA
1. g‘rZm Ho$ Ka H$s pñW{V H¡$gr Wr?
TE
2. 'g~ n‹T>| - g~ ~‹T>'| Bg Zmao go Amn ³¶m g‘PVo h¢?

(Am) àYmZmÜ¶mnH$ Or Zo ~ÀMm| H$mo ³¶m ~Vm¶m hmoJm?
T
eãX ^§S>ma
ER
(A) ZrMo {X¶o J¶o eãXm| Ho$ dMZ ~X{bE& dm³¶ à¶moJ H$s{OE&
CXm… H$hmZr - ‘wPo n§MV§Ì H$s H$hm{Z¶m± ng§X h¡&
Nw>Q²>Q>r, Iwer, Vmbr, g{‘{V
SC
(Am) úÁe ™ı Ã™yåÁ Nz˛ tÁzÀoÁı Nz˛ åÁ™ utÆz TÆz “¯@ EÁú Eúåz tÁzÀoÁı Nz˛ åÁ™ u¬uQL@
(A) A^r AmnZo g‘rZm H$s S>m¶ar n‹T>r& S>m¶ar H$s KQ>ZmE± ~VmVo hþE {‘Ì H$mo nÌ {b{IE&
àe§gm
(A) S>m¶ar {bIZm AÀN>r AmXV h¡, Bg na AnZo {dMma {b{IE&
n[a¶moOZm H$m¶©
(A) AnZr nmR>embm Ho$ nwñVH$mb¶ go {H$gr ‘hmnwéf H$s S>m¶ar n{‹T>E& CgHo$ ‘wP¶ A§e {b{IE&
^mfm H$s ~mV
A
EH$ gßVmh goo ‘¢ nmR>embm Zht J¶r Wr - ‘m± H$m H$m‘ Omo H$aZm n‹S>Vm Wm&
AmO ‘¢ nmR>embm OmZm MmhVr Wr& nVm Zht JwéOr Zo ³¶m-³¶m n‹T>m {X¶m hmoJm?
AN
Am¡a {’$a ‘‘Vm, a{d, e‘r‘ go ^r Vmo H$B© {XZm| go Zht {‘br& na XrXr Zo H$hm {H$
‘m± H$s ~r‘mar Ho$ ~mX AmO H$m‘ na OmZo H$m CZH$m nhbm {XZ h¡& Bg{bE Vy ¶ht
ahH$a ‘oar ‘XX H$a& d¡go Vmo ‘¢ XrXr H$s ghm¶Vm h‘oem H$aVr hÿ&± Omo ^r hmo H$m‘
G
Á¶mXm hmoZo Ho$ H$maU AmO ‘¢ ñHy$b Zht Om nm¶r& H$m‘ H$aVo-H$aVo {XZ H¡$go JwO µ a
J¶m, BgH$m nVm hr Zht Mbm&
N
D$na {X¶o AZwÀN>oX ‘| AmO, ¶ht, d¡go Am¡a Á¶mXm O¡go eãX {H«$¶m-{deofU
Ho$ ôXm| Ho$ CXmhaU h¢& {H«$¶m-{deofU Ho$ Mma ôX h¢-
LA
1. ñWmZdmMH$ {H«$¶m-{deofU… Omo {H«$¶m H$s ñWmZ g§~Y§ r {deofVm àH$Q> H$aVo
h¢, Cgo ñWmZdmMH$ {H«$¶m-{deofU H$hVo h¢&
CXm… am‘y ¶hm± ~¡R>Vm h¡&
TE
2. H$mbdmMH$ {H«$¶m-{deofU… Omo {H«$¶m Ho$ hmoZo H$m g‘¶ ~Vm¶|, Cgo
H$mbdmMH$ {H«$¶m-{deofU H$hVo h¢&
CXm… am‘y AmO AmVm h¡&
3. n[a‘mUdmMH$ {H«$¶m-{deofU… Omo {H«$¶m Ho$ n[a‘mU H$mo àH$Q> H$a|, Cgo
T
n[a‘mUdmMH$ {H«$¶m-{deofU H$hVo h¢&

CXm… am‘y ~hþV IobVm h¡&
ER
4. ar{VdmMH$ {H«$¶m-{deofU… Omo {H«$¶m Ho$ ar{V H$m g§H$o V H$a|, Cgo ar{VdmMH$
{H«$¶m-{deofU H$hVo h¢&
CXm… am‘y Eogm IobVm h¡&
SC
(Am) {H«$¶m-{deofU ôXm| H$m à¶moJ H$aVo hþE nm±M dm³¶ {b{IE&

66
nR>Z hoVw AmAmo n{ÌH$m {ZH$mb|
~hþV go ~ÀMm| H$mo boIH$ ~ZZo H$m em¡H$ hmoVm h¡-AnZm Zm‘ n{ÌH$mAm| ‘|
N>nm XoIZo H$m, ~‹S>o hmoZo na AnZo Zm‘ H$s {H$Vm~ N>nr XoIZo H$m& ¶h H$moB© ~war
~mV Zht ~pëH$ AÀN>r ~mV h¡ bo{H$Z BgHo$ {bE V¡¶mar µOê$ar h¡& Xþ{Z¶m Ho$
A
A{YH$Va ~‹S>o boIH$m| Zo AnZr n{ÌH$mE± {ZH$mbr h¢& Vw‘ ^r AnZr n{ÌH$m
{ZH$mb gH$Vo hmo&
AN
~mµOma go ê$bXma H$mJµO bo AmAmo& AnZo ^mB©-~hZm| go, AnZo ñHy$b
Am¡a ‘whëbo Ho$ gm{W¶m| go ~mVMrV H$amo&
CZgo H$hmo {H$ n{ÌH$m {ZH$mbZo Om aho
G
hmo& do Vwåhmar n{ÌH$m Ho$ {bE Hw$N> {bI|
- H${dVm, H$hmZr, boI, MwQ>Hw$bo Omo ^r
N
Or ‘| Am¶o& BgHo$ {bE Vwåh| AnZr aMZm
Xo X|&
LA
O~ gmar
aMZmE± BH$Q²>R>r H$a bmo V~ Cgo gmµ’$-gmµ’$ hmW go
TE
ê$bXma H$mJµO na {bI bmo ¶m Vwåhmao gm{W¶m| ‘|

{OgH$s hñV{b{n ~{‹T>¶m hmo Cggo {bIm bmo& AJa
H$moB© {MÌ ~ZmZm Mmho Vmo Cgr AmH$ma Ho$, {~Zm
ê$b dmbo, H$mJµO na Cggo ~Zdm bmo& {’$a Cgo
T
aMZmAm| Ho$ ~rM-~rM ‘| bJm bmo& g~H$mo BH$Q²>R>m

H$a IwX hr gr bmo&
ER
n{ÌH$m H$mo Iy~gyaV ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE CgH$m H$da

‘moQ>o H$mJµO H$m aImo Am¡a Cg na a§JrZ H$mJµO d a§J go
gOmdQ> H$a bmo& AnZr n{ÌH$m H$m Hw$N> Zm‘ aI bmo&
SC
n¥îR>m| na Z§~a S>mb bmo& ewê$ ‘| EH$ gyMr ~Zm bmo&

{H$g n¥îR> na {H$gH$s aMZm h¡ dhm± {bI Xmo& na
Vwåhmar n{ÌH$m {H$VZr N>moQ>r-~‹S>r hmo ¶m {H$VZo bmoJ
{H$VZm {bI|Jo, BgHo$ {hgm~ go V¶ H$amo& a§JrZ n|{gbm|
go ha n¥îR> H$m {H$Zmam AmH$f©H$ ~Zm gH$Vo hmo& H$mo{ee H$amo {H$ Vwåhmao gmWr
boIH$ AnZm gmoMH$a {bI|, Omo Z {bI nmE± dh Xÿgao {H$gr boIH$ H$s aMZm

{bI|, bo{H$Z Mmoar Z H$a|& Cg boIH$ H$s aMZm h¡, ¶h {bI X|& AnZr
n{ÌH$m {ZH$mbZo Ho$ {bE Vw‘ nm±M ~mV| µOê$a Ü¶mZ ‘| aImo -
1. gab eãX hm| Am¡a ^mfm Am¡a ì¶mH$aU H$s AewX²{Y¶m± Z hm|& {H$gr ~‹S>o
H$mo nhbo {XIm gH$Vo hmo&
2. AnZr {bIr ‘m¡{bH$ aMZm H$mo boI, H$hmZr, H${dVm Omo Hw$N> ^r hmo nhbm
ñWmZ Xmo& Xÿgao H$s {à¶ aMZm H$mo Xÿgam ñWmZ Xmo& Mmoar H$s aMZm ‘V Xmo&
A
3. {bIZo-{bImZo go nhbo ¶{X gmWr boIH$ MmhVo hm| Vmo CZgo ~mV H$a
AN
bmo& ³¶m {bI aho h¢ Cg na gmW {‘bH$a {dMma H$a bmo&
4. Vw‘ AnZr n{ÌH$m {ZH$mb aho hmo AV… g§nmXH$ hmoZo H$m K‘§S> ‘V H$amo&
~pëH$ AnZo boIH$m| H$mo ß¶ma H$amo& CÝh| AmXa-gå‘mZ Xmo& H$‘µOmoa
aMZm H$mo R>rH$ H$aZm hmo Vmo CZH$mo ~Vm Xmo&
G
5. n{ÌH$m {bImdQ> Am¡a gOmdQ> ‘| {OVZr Iy~gyaV ~Zm gH$Vo hmo, ~ZmAmo&
N
n{ÌH$m Ho$ A§V ‘| Hw$N> n¥îR> H$moao N>mo‹S>Zm Z ^ybZm& Bg na AnZo
‘mVm-{nVm, AÜ¶mnH$ ¶m Amgnmg Ho$ Hw$N> N>moQ>o-~‹S>o boIH$ hm| Vmo CZgo
LA
CZH$s am¶ {bIdm boZm& {’$a ñHy$b IwbZo na AnZo-AnZo {ejH$m| H$mo ^r
{XImZm, CZH$s am¶ {bIdmZm Am¡a ¶{X Mmhmo Vmo AnZo ñHy$b Ho$ à‘mU-
nÌ Ho$ gmW h‘| AnZr n{ÌH$m {ZH$mbZo H$s gyMZm XoZm&
TE
d¡go Xþ{Z¶m Ho$ ~‹S>o boIH$m| Zo AnZr Iwer Ho$ {bE ewê$-ewê$ ‘| AnZo
hmW go {bIr n{ÌH$mE± {ZH$mbr h¢, {H$gr Zm‘ Ho$ {bE Zht& Mmhmo Vmo CZH$m
amñVm AnZm gH$Vo hmo& h‘mar ew^H$m‘ZmE± A^r go bo bmo&
T
boIH$ H$m Zm‘ … gd}ída X¶mb g³goZm

ER
OrdZ H$mb … 1927 - 1983

aMZmE± … Iy±{Q>¶m| na Q>±Jo bmoJ Am{X&
nwañH$ma … gm{hË¶ AH$mX‘r nwañH$ma Am{X&
SC
{dMma-{d‘e©
n{ÌH$mAm| go h‘ AnZo {dMma Am¡am| VH$ nhþ±Mm
gH$Vo h¢& ~ÀMm| na hmoZo dmbo h‘bm| Am¡a
AË¶mMmam| go {ZnQ>Zo Ho$ {bE ³¶m H$aZm Mm{hE?
AnZo {dMma ~VmBE&
68
∆£tN˛Áz∆
EÊou∫q = n+‘·]ø£eå TT, space EÊou∫q ™ı Nw˛ufi™ GúT¿“ ßz\z \Áoz “¯@
EuåƒÁÆ| = ‘·|Œü ìdü]>±, compulsory Ã§Nz˛ u¬L u∆qÁ EuåƒÁÆ| “{@
Eƒ∆z = neX‚weü TT, remain “‰gõúÁ ™ı üÁYyå Ã•ÆoÁ Nz˛ Eƒ∆z u™¬z@
A
EÃ∫ = Á|uü ≤Û eeTT, effect EXZy ÃÊTo N˛Á EXZÁ EÃ∫ ú‰goÁ “{@
EÁN¿˛™m = EÁ{∫ÊT\z§ åz TÁz¬N˛ÁıgÁ ú∫ EÁN¿˛™m uN˛ÆÁ@
AN
ÄÁø£eTD attack
EÁ„\Át = dü«‘·+Á‘y· TÓ qÆ , independent ßÁ∫o EÁ„\Át tz∆ “{@
EÁbÁ = |æ+&ç, flour EÁbz Ãz ∫Ázby §åÁÆy \Áoy “{@
EÁ∫qm = Äs¡ø‘åÏ e· TT, reservation ∫z¬ƒz Àbz∆å ™ı EÁ∫qm uQ‰gN˛y “Ázoy “{@
G
EÁÆÁz\å = @sêŒ≥T, arrangement Ã∫N˛Á∫ úÁzu¬ÆÁz EußÆÁå N˛Á EÁÆÁz\å N˛∫oy “{@
FÊo\„ Á∫ = ìØø£Då , awaiting uúoÁ \y ™z∫Á FÊo„\Á∫ N˛∫ ∫“z “¯@
F™Á∫o
FÀoz™Á¬
=
=
N
$XÊ\yÓTqÆ uÛeÑ qeTT, mansion
ñ|üj÷Ó >∑eTT, use
∆“∫ ™ı §‰gy F™Á∫oı “Ázoy “¯@
Ã™Æ N˛Á EXZÁ FÀoz™Á¬ N˛∫åÁ YÁu“L@
LA
GáÁ∫ = ãTTDeTT, loan “™ı GáÁ∫ å“Î ¬zåÁ YÁu“L@
GúN˛∫m = |üìeTT≥Tº, equipment N˛Á∫yT∫ GúN˛∫mÁı N˛y Ã“ÁÆoÁ Ãz N˛Á™ N˛∫oÁ “{@
N˛Á™ÆÁ§ = dü|©üò ø£è‘·T&Ó’q, successful N˛Á™ÆÁ§ √ÆuMo ™z“åo N˛∫åÁ å“Î ZÁz‰goÁ “{@
TE
N˛ÁÆÁ = X¯Øs¡eTT, body ™åÏ…Æ N˛Áz N˛ÁÆÁ §Á∫-§Á∫ å“Î u™¬oy “{@
uN˛åÁ∫Á = ˇ&ÉT,¶ bank “{t∫Á§Át ™ÓÃy åty Nz˛ uN˛åÁ∫z “{@
NÏ˛©“Á∫ = ≈£îeTà] potter NÏ˛©“Á∫ u™bΩby Nz˛ §o|å §åÁoÁ “{@
NÏ˛¡“Á‰gy = >=&*¶É , an axe ¬Ï“Á∫ NÏ˛¡“Á‰gy §åÁoÁ “{@
T
Nw˛ufi™ = ø£èÁ‹eTyÓTqÆ , artificial ßÁ∫o åz N˛F| Nw˛ufi™ GúT¿“ ZÁz‰gz “¯@

Qo∫Á = nbÕj·T+, danger u§\¬y Ãz Qo∫Á “ÁzoÁ “{@ §YN˛∫ ∫“Áz@
ER
QÏ∫úy = <√≈î£ &ÉTbÕs¡, a weading instrument QÏ∫úy Ãz VÁÊÃ uåN˛Á¬y \Áoy “{@
T“∫ÁF| = ˝À‘·T, depth Ã™Ï¸ N˛y T“∫ÁF| EuáN˛ “Ázoy “{@
TÏmy = dü<Tä DZ dü+|üqTï&ÉT, virtuous ozåÁ¬y ∫Á™Nw˛…mÁ TÏmy √ÆuMo sz@
Tz“ÂÓ = Tz“ÓÂ Ãz EÁbÁ §åoÁ “{@
SC
>√<TäÛ eT\T, wheat

YoÏ∫ = #·‘T· s¡T&ÉT, ‘Ó*yÓ’q, clever §y∫§¬ YoÏ∫ sz@
\¡t§Á\y = ‘=+<äsb¡ Õ≥T, hasty \¡t§Á\y Ãz N˛Á™ å“Î N˛∫åÁ YÁu“L@
\ÁÃÓÃ = >∑T&ÛÜ#ê], detective \ÁÃÓÃ ∫“ÀÆÁı N˛Á úoÁ ¬TÁoÁ “{@
\Ï¬Á“Á = kÕ˝…yê&ÉT, weaver \Ï¬Á“Á N˛ú‰gÁ §ÏåoÁ “{@
^z¬åÁ = nqTuÛ$Ñ +#·T≥, to suffer tÏQÁı N˛Áz ^z¬åÁ EÁ{∫ EÁTz §‰jåÁ ÃÁ“Ã Nz˛ ¬qm “Ê@{
oÆ = ìs¡sí TT+|üã&çq, decided uƒ¡™Á åz oÆ N˛∫ u¬ÆÁ uN˛ GÃz oz\„ áÁƒN˛ §ååÁ “{@
ou§Æo = Äs√>´∑ eTT, health úÁåy ™ı §“Ïo ßyTåz Ãz ou§Æo Q∫Á§ “Áz ÃN˛oy “{@
o∫¬ = ‘·&|ç <ü ës¡eú TT, wet things úÁåy o∫¬ útÁs| “{@
sN˛Áå = n\dü≥, tired §“Ïo N˛Á™ N˛∫åz Ãz sN˛Áå “Ázoy “{@
tú|m = n<äe› TT, mirror tú|m ™ı tzQN˛∫ »ÊTÁ∫ N˛∫oz “¯@
t∫§Á∫ = düu,ÑÛ courtyard ∫Á\Á t∫§Á∫ ™ı §{ez “¯@
tÁuQ¬Á = Á|yü X˚ e¯ TT, admission ∫Á™Ó N˛Áz úÁe∆Á¬Á ™ı tÁuQ¬Á u™¬ TÆÁ@
tÏT|™ = bÕX¯ø´£ eTTø±ì, ø£]qƒ yÓTqÆ , inaccessible ÃÁ“Ãy ¬ÁzT tÏT|™ N˛ÁÆÁż N˛Áz ßy ÃÏT™ N˛∫ ¬zoz “¯@
A
áÁƒN˛ = |ü]>¬ ‘Ô̊yê&ÉT, athlete úy.by. G Á oz„\ áÁƒN˛ “{@
å„\∫ = <äèwæº, sight Yy¬ N˛y å„\∫ oz„\ “Ázoy “{@
AN
åß = Äø±X¯eTT, sky åß ™ı oÁ∫z Y™N˛ ∫“z “¯@
uåN˛b = düMT|üeTT, nearby ∫Á\Ó N˛y úÁe∆Á¬Á V∫ Nz˛ uåN˛b “{@
uåtÁå = |ü]cÕÿs¡eTT, diagnosis “∫ Ã™ÀÆÁ N˛Á uåtÁå “ÁzoÁ “{@
uåƒztå = ÁbÕs¡qú ,· request “™ı “™z∆Á uƒå™¿oÁ Ãz uåƒztå N˛∫åÁ YÁu“L@
G
úu∫mÁ™ = |ò*ü ‘·eTT, consiquence EXZÁ ú‰jåz ú∫ úu∫mÁ™ ßy EXZÁ üÁõo “ÁzoÁ “{@
úu∫ƒ“å = s¡yêD≤, transportation EÁ∫.by.Ãy. úu∫ƒ“å √ÆƒÀsÁ G™ “{@
úÏ¬uN˛o
úÁz∆ÁN˛
=
=
N
$TøÏÿ* dü+‘√weü TT, over joyed
>∑Dy˚weü TT, school uniform
EXZz N˛Á™ N˛∫åz Ãz ™ÁoÁ-uúoÁ úÏ¬uN˛o “Ázoz “¯@
Ã∫N˛Á∫ §XYÁı N˛Áz úÁz∆ÁN˛ tzoy “{@
LA
üYÁ∫-üÃÁ∫ = Á|ü#ês¡ - Á|ükÕs¡eTT\T, propaganda TÁÂáy \y åz u“Êty N˛Á üYÁ∫-üÃÁ∫ uN˛ÆÁ@
üuoÆÁzuToÁ = b˛{Ï, competition ZÁfi Qz¬ üuoÆÁzuToÁ ™ı ßÁT ¬zoz “¯@
üu∆qm = •ø£Då , training ZÁfiÁı N˛Áz üu∆qm utÆÁ \Á ∫“Á “{@
TE
¢˛Áƒ‰gÁ = bÕs¡, spade ™Á¬y ¢˛Áƒ‰gz Ãz VÁÊÃ uåN˛Á¬oÁ “{@

¢Ï˛¬û‰gÆÁÂ = ø±ø£s|¡ ⁄ü e«‹Ô, sparkles utƒÁ¬y ™ı ¢Ï˛¬û‰gÆÁÂ \¬ÁÆy \Áoy “¯@
§ÁÂÃ = yÓ<Tä s¡T, bamboo §ÂÃÁz∫ §ÁÂÃ Ãz bÁzN˛∫y EÁut ÃÁ™Áå §åÁoÁ “{@
§ÂÃÁz∫ = y˚T<ä]yê&ÉT, basket - maker §ÂÃÁz∫ §ÁÂÃ Ãz bÁzN˛∫y EÁut ÃÁ™Áå §åÁoÁ “{@
T
§∫Á™tÁ = ÁbÕ+>∑DeTT, varandah ™ÁÂ V∫ Nz˛ §∫Á™tz ™ı §{ey “{@

u§ÃÁo = ∆o∫Ê\ u§ÃÁo ú∫ Qz¬Á \ÁoÁ “{@
ER
#·<sä +¡ >∑|\üò ø£eTT, chess board

§zu™ÃÁ¬ = b˛\Ã˝Òì, unparalled tz∆ N˛y ∆Áå §‰jÁåz Nz˛ u¬L §zu™ÃÁ¬ N˛Á™ N˛∫åÁ YÁu“L@
§z“t = n+‘·T˝Òì, unlimited ™ÁÂ Eúåz úÏfi N˛Áz §z“t õÆÁ∫ N˛∫oy “{@
§Áz^ = ãs¡Te⁄, burden ZÁfi N˛Áz EuáN˛ §Áz^ ƒÁ¬Á N˛Á™ å“Î tzåÁ YÁu“L@
SC
ßy‰g = >∑T+|ü⁄, crowd NÏ˛Êß ™z¬z ™ı §“Ïo ßy‰g “Ázoy “{@

ßÁ{TÁzu¬N˛ = uÛÖ>√[ø£yTÓ qÆ , geographical ƒwq “™Á∫y ßÁ{TÁzu¬N˛ ÃÊútÁ “{@
™bN˛Á = ô|<äe› T{Ïº ≈£î+&É, big mud pot u™bΩby Ãz ™bN˛Á §åÁÆÁ \ÁoÁ “{@
™∫©™o = eTs¡eTà‘·TÔ, repairs bÓby “ÏF| Yy„\Áı N˛y ™∫©™o N˛∫ƒÁåy YÁu“L@
Æ∆ = ø°]Ô, fame tÏuåÆÁ ß∫ ™ı ßÁ∫o N˛Á Æ∆ ¢{˛¬Á “ÏEÁ “{@
¬“∫ = n\, wave Ã™Ï¸ N˛y ¬“∫ı HÂYy “Ázoy “¯@
¬Á‰g = >±sêueTT, affection ™ÁoÁ-uúoÁ §XYÁı N˛Áz ¬Á‰g N˛∫oz “¯@
70
¬ÁÆN˛ = dü]jÓTÆ qyê&ÉT, fit “™ı ¬ÁÆN˛ §ååÁ YÁu“L@
¬Ï“Á∫ = ø£eTà], blacksmith ¬Ï“Á∫ ¬Áz“z N˛Á N˛Á™ N˛∫oÁ “{@
uƒ¬Ê§ = Ä\düéTT, delay EXZz N˛Á™ ™ı uƒ¬Ê§ å“Î N˛∫åÁ YÁu“L@
uƒYu¬o = #·+#·\yÓTqÆ , fickle §Ï∫z N˛Á™ Ãz ™å uƒYu¬o “Áz GeoÁ “{@
uƒúu = ø£wºüeTT, disaster uƒúu ™ı á{Æ| å“Î QÁzåÁ YÁu“L@
∆o∫Ê\ = #·<sä +¡ >∑+, chess uƒ≈ƒåÁså EÁåÊt ∆o∫Ê\ Nz˛ uQ¬Á‰gy “¯@
u∆N˛ÁÆo = |òsæ ê´<äT, a complaint uN˛Ãy N˛Áz u∆N˛ÁÆo N˛Á ™Á{N˛Á å“Î tzåÁ YÁu“L@
A
u∆N˛Á∫ = y˚≥, hunt u∆N˛Á∫y u∆N˛Á∫ N˛∫oÁ “{@
∆yV¿ = ∫z¬ N˛y oÏ¬åÁ ™ı “ƒÁF| \“Á\ ∆yV¿ ú“ÏÂYoÁ “{@
AN
‘·«s¡>±, quickly
ÃÊT¿“Á¬Æ = Á|<ü sä Ù¡ qXÊ\, museum ÃÊT¿“Á¬Æ ™ı ƒÀoÏEÁzÊ N˛Á ÃÊT¿“ uN˛ÆÁ \ÁoÁ “{@
ÃÊYÁ∫ = Á|kü Õs¡eTT, communication bz¬y¢˛Ázå ÃÊYÁ∫ GúN˛∫m “{@
ÃÊo¬Ï å = dü]‘·÷ø£eTT, balance ßÁz\å ™ı Ãßy uƒbÁu™åÁı N˛Á ÃÊo¬ Ï å “ÁzåÁ YÁu“L@
G
ÃÊÃt = bÕs¡y¢ TÓ +≥T, parliament ßÁ∫o N˛Á ÃÊÃt åF| ut¡¬y ™ı “{@
uÃÊYÁF| = ˙{ÏbÕs¡T<ä\, irrigation åutÆÁı Nz˛ \¬ Ãz uÃÊYÁF| N˛y \Áoy “{@
ÃúåÁ
Ã™s|N˛
=
=
ø£\, a dream N
düeT]ú+#˚yê&ÉT, supporter
∫Á\Á åz ÃúåÁ tzQÁ@
TÁÂáy \y Eu“ÊÃÁ Nz˛ Ã™s|N˛ sz@
LA
Ã„¢˛∫ = Á|j ü ÷· DeTT, journey N˛™ ÃÁ™Áå Nz˛ ÃÁs Ã„¢˛∫ N˛∫åÁ YÁu“L@
Ã“Á∫Á = Ä<Ûës¡eTT, support “™ı Eúåz ™ÁoÁ-uúoÁ N˛Á Ã“Á∫Á §ååÁ YÁu“L@
ÃÁu§o = ìs¡÷|æ+#·T≥, to prove T¬o N˛Á™ N˛Áz Ã“y ÃÁu§o å“Î N˛∫åÁ YÁu“L@
TE
Ã{N˛‰gÁ = e+<ä˝≤~, several hundreds ˛“∫ utå Ã{N˛‰gÁı ¬ÁzT ∫z¬ ™ı ÆÁfiÁ N˛∫oz “¯@
ÃÁ{∫™Êg¬ = kÂs¡eT+&É\eTT, solar system ÃÁ{∫™Êg¬ ™ı EåzN˛ oÁ∫z “¯@
uÃƒÁÆ = ‘·|Œü , except ™y∫Á »yNw˛…m Nz˛ uÃƒÁÆ uN˛Ãy tÓÃ∫z N˛Á ÜÆÁå å“Î N˛∫oy sy@
Ãyu™o = |ü]$T‹, limited rÁå Ãyu™o å“Î “ÁzoÁ@
T
“ÁÂgy = ∫qïeT{ÏºbÕÁ‘,· small earthen pot NÏ˛©“Á∫ “ÁÂgy §åÁoÁ “{@

“sN˛∫VÁ = eT>∑eZ TT, handloom \Ï¬Á“z Nz˛ N˛Á™ N˛Áz “sN˛∫VÁ ßy N˛“oz “¯@
ER
“sÁ{‰gÁ = ô|<äd› Tü ‹Ô, a big hammer “sÁ{‰gz Ãz úns∫ oÁz‰gÁ \ÁoÁ “{@
u“ÃÁ§ = ˝…øÿÏ +|ü⁄, counting “™ı Ã™Æ Nz˛ u“ÃÁ§ Ãz N˛Á™ N˛∫åÁ YÁu“L@
“{∫Áå = >±ãs¡|&ü TÉ ≥, rattle \Áo∫Á ™ı ¬ÁzTÁı N˛y ßy‰g tzQN˛∫ ™¯ “{∫Áå ∫“ TÆÁ@
SC
EÜÆÁúN˛Áı Nz˛ u¬L ÃÓYåÁ

Æ“ÁÂ ú∫ ∆£tÁı Nz˛ Es| ƒ GåNz˛ ƒÁMÆ üÆÁzT utÆz TÆz “¯@ Eo: §XYÁı N˛Áz
Es| Ã™^Áåz Nz˛ u¬L EÁ{∫ EuáN˛ ƒÁMÆ üÆÁzT uÃQÁFL@
A§H$ go {‘bmZ H$aHo$ AnZr Om±M ñd¶§ H$a|
gyMr - 1 go 100 VH$
1. {VVbr 26. {dX²dmZ 51. AewXY
² 76. eoaZr
2. ~mXb 27. nmR>embm 52. ‘mVmE± 77. AÝ¶m¶
3. lr‘Vr 28. ‘moa 53. g‘«mQ> 78. ~hZ
A
4. Am±I 29. nwÊ¶ 54. ~§Xa 79. ½dmbm
AN
5. gdmar 30. ‘Yw-‘p³I¶m± 55. ZXr 80. R>S§ >m
6. g‘wÐ 31. gwJ‘ 56. Hw${V¶m 81. nwñVH$o|$
7. Myhm 32. dra 57. g‘yh 82. namO¶
G
8. CX¶ 33. ^JdmZ, na‘mË‘m 58. XdmB¶m± 83. ¶wdVr
9. ~ÀMo
10. {ZS>a 35. no‹S>, d¥j
N
34. YaVr, n¥Ïdr, ^y{‘ 59. hm{Z
60. ‘m{bZ
84. {Zamem
85. amOHw$‘m[a¶m±
LA
11. JwéAmBZ 36. A{^ZoÌr 61. Ob, nmZr 86. {XZ
12. H$R>moa 37. AgË¶ 62. AmH$me, JJZ 87. ’y$b, gw‘Z, Hw$gw‘
TE
13. MmXa 38. N>mÌmE± 63. K{‹S>¶m± 88. AkmZ

14. AZwÎmrU© 39. A§V 64. ZmZr 89. {M{‹S>¶m
15. hm{WZ 40. {‘R>mB¶m± 65. gy¶©, gyaO, ^mZy 90. AÜ¶mnH$
T
16. eÌw 41. Vm¶m 66. ~mJ, ~JrMm 91. gmja

ER
17. AZoH$ 42. {df 67. ~H$ar 92. amo{Q>¶m±

18. ~oQ>m 43. H$‘b, ZraO, ObO 68. N>mÌ 93. dm¶w, hdm, g‘ra
19. hmWr 44. n§p³V¶m± 69. AñdñW 94. qZXm
SC
20. Zm[a¶m± 45. An‘mZ 70. M§Ð‘m, Mm±X 95. ZmB©Z

21. N>m¶m 46. ~§Xa 71. {Ibm¡Zo 96. njr, {dhma
22. R>H$w amBZ 47. XþJªY 72. nam¶m 97. H${b¶m±
23. H$hmZr 48. nhm‹S> 73. hmW 98. gãµOr
24. hf© 49. H$m¡Am 74. Hw${g©¶m± 99. Ymo~r
25. ~¡b 50. ZV©H$r 75. nËZr 100.AmJ, Ap½Z
72

8 Hin (SL) PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

8 Hin (SL) PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

N A

lr E. gË¶Zmam¶U aoS²>S>r S>m°. EZ. Cn|Xa aoS²>S>r lr ~r. gwYmH$a

{ZXoeH$, AÜ¶j, nmR²>¶H«$‘ Ed§ nmR²>¶nwñVH$ {d^mJ {ZXoeH$,

(uƒΔz Ã¬Á“N˛Á∫ ¬¯uTN˛ ÃÊƒztåΔy¬oÁ osÁ §Á¬ ¬¯uTN üoÁ‰gåÁ)

Vob§JmUm amÁ¶ gaH$ma X²dmam àH$m{eV, h¡Xam~mX

First Published 2013

No part of this publication may be reproduced,

School Education, Hyderabad, Telangana State.

This Book has been printed on 70 G.S.M. Maplitho

Title Page 200 G.S.M. White Art Card

Free Distribution by Telangana State Government 2018-19

Vob§JmUm amÁ¶ gaH$ma X²dmam {ZewëH$ {dVaU 2018-19 ii

ZÁﬁÁı LƒÊ GåÃz \Ï‰gz Ã™ÏtÁÆÁı oN˛ ú“ÏÂYÁLÂ@

iii VobJ§ mUm amÁ¶ gaH$ma X²dmam {ZewëH$ {dVaU 2018-19

Vob§JmUm amÁ¶ gaH$ma X²dmam {ZewëH$ {dVaU 2018-19 iv

ÃÁ∫z \“ÁÂ Ãz EXZÁ

ÃÁ∫z \“ÁÂ Ãz EXZÁ u“ÊtÁzÀoÁÂ “™Á∫Á@

ú∫§o ƒÁz Ã§Ãz HÂYÁ, “™ÃÁÆÁ EÁÃ™ÁÂ N˛Á@

TÁzty ™ı Qz¬oy “¯, GÃN˛y “„\Á∫Áı åutÆÁÂ@

™„\“§ å“Î uÃQÁoÁ, EÁúÃ ™ı §{∫ ∫QåÁ@

v VobJ§ mUm amÁ¶ gaH$ma X²dmam {ZewëH$ {dVaU 2018-19

\Æ, \Æ, \Æ, \Æ “z!

Vob§JmUm amÁ¶ gaH$ma X²dmam {ZewëH$ {dVaU 2018-19 vi

* h±gr - Iwer MwQ>H$w bo OyZ 5

4. H$m¡Z? H${dVm AJñV 17

YaVr H$s Am±I| H$hmZr {gV§~a

8. Mmdb Ho$ XmZo H$hmZr Zd§~a 39

* ^mfm Iob - {Xg§~a 52

10. AZ‘mob aËZ H${dVm {Xg§~a 53

12. ~‹T>Vo H$X‘ S>m¶ar ’$adar 62

AmAmo n{ÌH$m {ZH$mb| àm¶mo{JH$ {Z~§Y ’$adar 67

vii VobJ§ mUm amÁ¶ gaH$ma X²dmam {ZewëH$ {dVaU 2018-19

»y ÃÏ∫z∆ NÏ˛™Á∫ u™»Á <G∫owõo> gÁ}. úy. ∆Á∫tÁ

gÁ}. ™ÆÁåÁ Qtyª¡¬Á »y. §y. ∫™z∆ §Á§Ó

»y™oy Lå. “z™¬oÁ

»y NÏ˛∫z¡¬Á ∫ÁVƒÁYÁ∫y »y™oy úÁƒ|oy

»y YıY¬Á ƒıN˛b∫™mÁ »y N˛ÀoÓ∫y üßÁN˛∫

»y Ã´Æt “≈™oÏ¡¬Á »y ƒgΩgzú¡¬y ƒıN˛bz∆™

Vob§JmUm amÁ¶ gaH$ma X²dmam {ZewëH$ {dVaU 2018-19 viii

3. do EH$-Xÿgao go ³¶m H$h aho hm|J?

N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE gyMZmE± …

1 Vob§JmUm amÁ¶ gaH$ma X²dmam {ZewëH$ {dVaU 2018-19

hmo, hmo! ‘Z ‘| h¡ {dídmg, nyam h¡ {dídmg,

3. Zht S>a {H$gr H$m AmO& - ..................................................

(A) ZrMo {X¶o J¶o àíZm| Ho$ CÎma {b{IE&

2. ~ÀMm| ‘|§ H¡$go-H¡$go S>a CËnÝZ hmoVo h¢?

^mfm H$s ~mV

Amn - Amn hm|Jo H$m‘¶m~ EH$ {XZ&

h‘ Mb|Jo gmW-gmW EH$ {XZ&

1. H${dVm Jm gH$Vm/gH$Vr hÿ&±

‘m‘m, eoa Ho$

~VmAmo Zaoe! Am‘boQ> {H$go H$hVo h¢?

Omo Am‘ boQ> (Xoar)

go nH$Vm h¡, Cgo

Am‘boQ> H$hVo h¢&

h‘mao Jm±d ‘| BVZr R>§S> h‘mao Jm±d ‘| BVZr R>§S> n‹S>Vr h¡

n‹S>Vr h¡ {H$ bmoJ Xg-Xg {H$ Zb H$m nmZr

h‘mao Jm±d ‘| BVZr R>§S> n‹S>Vr h¡

3. ¶h b‹S>H$m h‘| ³¶m ~VmZm MmhVm h¡?

N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE gyMZmE± …

AmnHo$ amOm BVZr ~‹S>r goZm {b¶o H$hm± Om aho

h¢, Omo n‹S>mogr Xoe na

7 Vob§JmUm amÁ¶ gaH$ma X²dmam {ZewëH$ {dVaU 2018-19